【考前练习】托福词汇模拟练习题精选试题(六)
2023年托福考试词汇练习及答案
2023年托福考试词汇练习及答案2023年托福考试词汇练习及答案1. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.The word “outstanding” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) extensive 广阔的规模大的(B) surprising(C) vertical垂直的'(D) excellent2. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzamden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time.The word “site” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) exle(B) location(C) development(D) characteristic3. The quality of preservation is almostu____atched, and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.The phrase “account for ” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) record(B) describe(C) equal(D) explainThe words “a supremacy” in line 9 are closest in meaning to(A) a suggestion(B) an improvement(C) a dominance控制力(D) a development5. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nieenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of 无数的myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.The word “myriad” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) noticeable(B) many(C) loud(D) unusual6. Each one was virtually a stone town, which is why the Spanish would later call them pueblos, the Spanish word for towns. These pueblos represent one of the Anasazis' supreme achievements. At least a dozenlarge stone houses took shape below the bluffs of Chiaco Canyon in northwest New Mexico.The word “supreme” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) most mon(B) most outstanding(C) most expensive(D) most convenient7. They functioned as sanctuaries where the elders met to plan festivals, perform ritual dances, settle pueblo affairs, and impart tribal lore to the younger generation.The word “settle” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) sink(B) decide(C) clarify(D) locate(A) arriving at(B) carving(C) connecting(D) climbing9. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a 严肃的solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.The word “solemn” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) simple(B) serious(C) short(D) silent10. Certain films had music especially posed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that posed and arranged for D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.The word “posed” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) selected(B) bined(C) played(D) createdThe word “scores” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) totals(B) successes(C) musical positions(D) groups of musicians11. The Earth 包括prises three principal layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate rocks that are semimolten at depth, and the thin,solid-surface crust.The word “prises” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) adapts to(B) benefits from(C) consists of(D) focuses on12. These plates move over the semimolten lower mantle to produce all of the major topographical features of the Earth. Active zones where intense极端的 deformation occurs are confined to the narrow, interconnecting boundaries of contact of the plates.The word “intense” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) surface(B) sudden(C) rare(D) extreme13. New oceanic crust is formed along one or more margins of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earth's crust, for exle, by volcanic eruptions of lava at midocean ridges.The word “margins” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) edges(B) peaks(C) interiors(D) distances14. If at such a spreading contact the two plates support continents, a rift is formed that will gradually widen and bee flooded by the sea. TheAtlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and Afro-European plates move in opposite directions.The word “support” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) separate(B) create(C) reduce(D) hold15. Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being.The word “appreciation” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) ignorance(B) recognition(C) tolerance(D) forgiveness16. An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the pla's dominant, most-distinctive feature-the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues.The word “bias” is closest in meaning to whichof following?(A) concern(B) disadvantage(C) attitude(D) prejudice17. The prevailing winds in the Great Basin are from the west. Warm, moist air from the Pacific Ocean is forced upward as it crosses the Sierra Nevada.The word “prevailing” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) most frequent(B) occasional(C) gentle(D) most dangerous18. There seem to have been several periods within the last tens of thousands of years when water accumulated in these basins. The rise and fall of the lakes were undoubtedly linked to the advances and retreats of the great ice sheets that covered much of the northern part of the North American continent during those times.The word “accumulated” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) dried(B) flooded(C) collected(D) evaporated浓缩的脱水的19. All living creature, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?The phrase “bizarre” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) odd奇怪的(B) marine(C) simple(D) rare20. Its major enemies are fish and crabs, when attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into the water. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water bees too polluted.The phrase “casts off” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) grows again(B) grabs(C) gets rid of(D) uses as a weapon21. A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is 同性质的homogeneous in custom and race, with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals.The word “homogeneous” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) uniform正确答案(B) general(C) primitive(D) traditional22. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent inAnglo-America is the Amish, a German American farming sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving devices of the industrial age.The phrase “largely renounces” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) generally rejects放弃回绝(B) greatly modifies修改(C) loudly declares(D) often criticizes23. Secular institutions, of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails.劝说流行占优势获胜 Because of these contrasts, “popular” may be viewed as clearly different from “folk”.The word “prevails” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) dominates统治(B) provides(C) develops(D) invests24. Conventional puter models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow puters to discern the subtle微妙的细微的 atmospheric changes that precede these storms.The word “subtle” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) plex(B) regular(C) imagined(D) slight25. munications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern puters can quickly pile and analyzing this large volume of weather information.The word “pile” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) put together(B) look up(C) pile堆 high(D) work over检查研究重做毒打26. Meteorologists and puter scientists now work together to design puter programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly.The word “raw” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) stormy(B) inaccurate(C) uncooked(D) unprocessed未经加工的原始的27. People in the United States in the nieenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation's economy would bring social chaos.The word “Prospect” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) regret(B) possibility(C) theory(D) circumstance28. Although the birth rate continued to decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nieenth century, the population roughly doubled every generation during the rest of the nieenth centuries. As the population grew, its makeup also changed.The word “roughly” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) harshly 粗糙的(B) surprisingly(C) slowly(D) approximatelyThe word “magnify” is cl osest in meaning to which of following?(A) solve(B) explain(C) analyze(D) increase30.The word “distinctions” is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) differences(B) classes(C) acplishments(D) characteristics参考答案：1 D2 B3 D4 C5 B6 B7 C8 D9 B10 D C11 C12 D13 A14 D15 B16 D17 A18 C19 A20 C21 A22 A23 A24 D25 A26 D27 B28 D29 D A30 A。
托福单词的测试模拟题与答案
托福单词的测试模拟题与答案托福单词的测试模拟题与答案1. INCHOATE：（A）explicit（B）dependable（C）pragmatic（D）therapeutic（E）enduring2. INCIPIENT：（A）exuberant（B）full-bodied（C）explicit（D）plentiful（E）full-blown3. NASCENT：（A）widely displaced（B）completely clear（C）totally natural（D）strongly contrary（E）fully established4. REPORTORIAL：（A）unlikely（B）imaginative（C）indecisive（D）characteristic（E）challenging5. IMPUGN：（A）revoke（B）discharge（D）console（E）restore6. RAVE：（A）flak（B）flop（C）cant（D）pan（E）snub7. BANAL：（A）faithful（B）arresting（C）inclined（D）forced（E）elaborate8. BANALITY：（A）accurate portrayal （B）impromptu statement （C）original expression （D）succinct interpretation （E）elaborate critique9. ORIENT：（A）hasten（B）defile（C）menace（D）confuse（E）decline10. CONSTRAIN：（A）release（B）sever（D）unload（E）agree11. RUFFLE：SHIRT：：（A）rafter：roof（B）molding：cabinet （C）gate：path（D）curb：sidewalk（E）shade：window12. EMIGRATE：EXILE：：（A）select：organize（B）appoint：nominate （C）capture：imprison （D）enlist：conscript（E）contribute：deduct 13. BARRAGE：EXPLOSIVES：：（A）cacophony：sounds （B）deluge：rain（C）vista：sights（D）grenade：bombs（E）volcano：lava14. WARY：GULLED：：（A）passionate：moved （B）taciturn：goaded（C）loquacious：befriended （D）vigilant：ambushed （E）shrill：satisfied15. ARTERY：PLAQUE：：（A）river：levee（B）track：switch（C）channel：silt（D）information：flow（E）tunnel：wall16. SEDATIVE：DROWSINESS：：（A）epidemic：contagiousness （B）vaccine：virus（C）laxative：drug（D）anesthetic：numbness （E）therapy：psychosis17. CURIOSITY：KNOW：：（A）temptation：conquer （B）starvation：eat（C）wanderlust：travel（D）humor：laugh（E）survival：live18. WORSHIP：SACRIFICE：：（A）generation：pyre（B）burial：mortuary（C）weapon：centurion （D）massacre：invasion （E）prediction：augury19. CONTIGUOUS：ABUT：：（A）possible：occur（B）simultaneous：coincide （C）comprehensive：except （D）synthetic：create（E）constant：stabilize20. SUITCASE：LUGGAGE：：（A）gift：package（B）necklace：garment（C）room：house（D）hat：millinery（E）faucet：sink21. ENFRANCHISE：VOTE：：（A）advertise：sell（B）fumigate：kill（C）filter：purify（D）illuminate：see（E）ignite：burn22. LOG：SHIP：：（A）archive：data（B）inventory：store（C）roster：team（D）bulletin：event（E）diary：person23. APOLOGIZE：CONTRITE：：（A）aggravate：contemptuous （B）endorse：esteemed（C）extenuate：guilty（D）compliment：impressed （E）rationalize：modest24. SENSITIZATION：ALLERGIC：：（A）immunity：vulnerable （B）habituation：inured（C）invigoration：stimulating （D）sleep：anesthetic（E）disinfection：preventive 25. MEETING：MINUTES：：（A）concert：orchestration （B）filter：camera（C）sale：deed（D）earthquake：vibration （E）television：signal26. MINUTIAE： DETAILS：：（A） data：hypotheses（B） research：findings（C） approximations：calculations （D） queries：answers（E） quibbles：objections27. CREDITS：MOVIE：：（A）byline：article（B）copyright：song（C）rehearsal：dance（D）dedication：book（E）title：work28. STRATAGEM：DECEIVE：：（A）epithet：correspond（B）oration：publish（C）conservation：expend （D）concession：placate（E）sentence：prosecute29. FLAG：COUNTRY：：（A）dialect：region（B）handshake：greeting（C）trademark：company（D）patent：product（E）souvenir：vacation30. STENCIL：LETTERING：：（A）skillet：heating（B）pattern：sewing（C）plow：farming（D）music：singing（E）hammer：building答案：1-5：AEEBC，6-10：DBCDA，11-15：BDBDC，16-20：DCEBD，21-25：DEDBC， 26-30：EADCB。
2020年托福阅读模拟试题及答案(卷六)
2020年托福阅读模拟试题及答案（卷六）托福阅读文本：Prehistoric mammoths have been preserved in the famous tar pits of Rancho La Brea (Brea is the Spanish word for tar) in what is now the heart of Los Angeles, California. These tar pits have been known for centuries and were formerly mined for their natural asphalt, a black or brown petroleum-like substance. Thousands of tons were extracted before 1875, when it was first noticed that the tar contained fossil remains. Major excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site. The tar pits were found to contain the remains of scores of species of animals from the last 30,000 years of the Ice Age.Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated and tangled masses. The creatures found range from insects and birds to giant ground sloth's, but a total of 17 proboscides (animals with a proboscis or long nose) —including mastodons and Columbian mammoths —have been recovered, most of them from Pit 9, the deepest bone-bearing deposit, which was excavated in 1914. Most of the fossils date to between 40,000 and 10,000 years ago.The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have beenconcealed by leaves and dust. Unwary animals would become trapped on these thin sheets of liquid asphalt, which are extremely sticky in warm weather. Stuck, the unfortunate beasts would die of exhaustion and hunger or fall prey to predators that often also became stuck.As the animals decayed, more scavengers would be attracted and caught in their turn.Carnivores greatly outnumber herbivores in the collection: for every large herbivore, there is one saber-tooth cat, a coyote, and four wolves. The fact that some bones are heavily weathered shows that some bodies remained above the surface for weeks or months. Bacteria in the asphalt would have consumed some of the tissues other than bones, and the asphalt itself would dissolve what was left, at the same time impregnating and beautifully preserving the saturated bones, rendering them dark brown and shiny.托福阅读题目：1. What aspect of the La Brea tar pits does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The amount of asphalt that was mined there(B) The chemical and biological interactions between asphalt and animals(C) The fossil remains that have been found there(D) Scientific methods of determining the age of tar pits2. In using the phrase "the heart of Los Angeles" in line 2, the author is talking about the city's(A) beautiful design(B) central area(C) basic needs(D) supplies of natural asphalt3. The word "noticed" in line 5 closest in meaning to(A) predicted(B) announced(C) corrected(D) observed4. The word "tangled" in line 10 is closest in meaning to(A) buried beneath(B) twisted together(C) quickly formed(D) easily dated5. The word "them" in line 13 refers to(A) insects(B) birds(C) cloths(D) proboscideans6. How many proboscideans have been found at the La Brea tarpits?(A) 9(B) 17(C) 1.5 million(D) 2.5 million7. The word "concealed" in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) highlighted(B) covered(C) transformed(D) contaminated8. Why does the author mention animals such as coyotes and wolves in paragraph 4?(A) To give examples of animals that are classified as carnivores(B) To specify the animals found least commonly at La Brea(C) To argue that these animals were especially likely to avoid extinction.(D) To define the term "scavengers"托福阅读答案：CBDBD BBA托福阅读文本：One area of paleoanthropological study involves the eating and dietary habits of hominids,erect bipedal primates —including earlyhumans. It is clear that at some stage of history, humans began to carry their food to central places, called home bases, where it was shared and consumed with the young and other adults. The use of home bases is a fundamental component of human social behavior; the common meal served at a common hearth is a powerful symbol, a mark of social unity. Home base behavior does not occur among nonhuman primates and is rare among mammals. It is unclear when humans began to use home bases, what kind of communications and social relations were involved, and what the ecological and food-choice contexts of the shift were.Work on early tools, surveys of paleoanthropological sites, development and testing of broad ecological theories, and advances in comparative primatology are contributing to knowledge about this central chapter in human prehistory.One innovative approach to these issues involves studying damage and wear on stone tools.Researchers make tools that replicate excavated specimens as closely as possible and then try to use them as the originals might have been used, in woodcutting, hunting, or cultivation.Depending on how the tool is used, characteristic chippage patterns and microscopically distinguishable polishes develop near the edges. The first application of this method of analysis to stone tools that are 1.5 million to 2 million years old indicates that, from the start, an important function of early stone tools was to extract highly nutritious food —meat and marrow —from large animal carcasses. Fossil bones with cut marks caused by stone tools have been discovered lying in the same 2-million-year-old layers that yielded the oldest such tools and the oldest hominid specimens (including humans) with larger than ape-sized brains. This discovery increases scientists' certainty about when human ancestors began to eat more meat than present-day nonhuman primates. But several questions remain unanswered: how frequently meat eating occurred; what the social implications of meat eating were; and whether the increased use of meat coincides with the beginnings of the use of home bases.托福阅读题目：1. The passage mainly discusses which of the following aspects of hominid behavior?(A) Changes in eating and dietary practices(B) The creation of stone hunting tools(C) Social interactions at home bases(D) Methods of extracting nutritious food from carcasses2.According to the passage , bringing a meal to a location to be shared by many individuals is(A) an activity typical of nonhuman primates(B) a common practice among animals that eat meat(C) an indication of social unity(D) a behavior that encourages better dietary habits3. The word "consumed" in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) prepared(B) stored(C) distributed(D) eaten4.According to paragraph 2, researchers make copies of old stone tools in order to(A) protect the old tools from being worn out(B) display examples of the old tools in museums(C) test theories about how old tools were used(D) learn how to improve the design of modern tools5. In paragraph 2, the author mentions all of the following as examples of ways in which earlystone tools were used EXCEPT to(A) build home bases(B) obtain food(C) make weapons(D) shape wood6. The word "innovative" in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) good(B) new(D) costly7. The word "them" in line 15 refers to(A) issues(B) researchers(C) tools(D) specimens8. The author mentions "characteristic chippage patterns" in line 16 as an example of(A) decorations cut into wooden objects(B) differences among tools made of various substances(C) impressions left on prehistoric animal bones(D) indications of wear on stone tools9. The word "extract" in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) identify(B) remove(C) destroy(D) compare10. The word "whether" in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) if(B) how(C) why托福阅读答案：ACDCABCDBA托福阅读文本：Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists. These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or active systems.Passive plant defense comprises physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry of pathogens,such as bacteria, or render tissues unpalatable or toxic to the invader. The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae. Other trichomes are sticky and glandular and effectively trap and immobilize insects.If the physical barriers of the plant are breached, then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances, such as resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids, many of which are highly effective deterrents to insects that feed on plants. The success of the Colorado beetle in infesting potatoes, for example,seems to be correlated with itshigh tolerance to alkaloids that normally repel potential pests.Other possible chemical defenses, while not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of a parasitic relationship. For example, glycoproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes that degrade cell walls. These enzymes are often produced by bacteria and fungi.Active plant defense mechanisms are comparable to the immune system of vertebrate animals,although the cellular and molecular bases are fundamentally different. Both, however, are triggered in reaction to intrusion, implying that the host has some means of recognizing the presence of a foreign organism. The most dramatic example of an inducible plant defense reaction is the hypersensitive response. In the hypersensitive response, cells undergo rapid necrosis —that is, they become diseased and die —after being penetrated by a parasite; the parasite itself subsequently ceases to grow and is therefore restricted to one or a few cells around the entry site.Several theories have been put forward to explain the basis of hypersensitive resistance.托福阅读题目：1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The success of parasites in resisting plant defense mechanisms(B) Theories on active plant defense mechanisms(C) How plant defense mechanisms function(D) How the immune system of animals and the defense mechanisms of plants differ2. The phrase "subject to" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) susceptible to(B) classified by(C) attractive to(D) strengthened by3. The word "puncture" in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) pierce(B) pinch(C) surround(D) cover .4. The word "which" in line 12 refers to(A) tissues(B) substances(C) barriers(D) insects5. Which of the following substances does the author mention as NOT necessarily being toxic tothe Colorado beetle?(A) resins(B) tannins(C) glycosides(D) alkaloids6. Why does the author mention "glycoproteins" in line 17?(A) to compare plant defense mechanisms to the immune system of animals(B) to introduce the discussion of active defense mechanisms in plants(C) to illustrate how chemicals function in plant defense(D) to emphasize the importance of physical barriers in plant defense7. The word "dramatic" in line 23 could best be replaced by(A) striking(B) accurate(C) consistent(D) appealing8. Where in the passage does the author describe an active plant-defense reaction?(A) Lines 1-3(B) Lines 4-6(C) Lines 13-15(D) Lines 24-279. The passage most probably continues with a discussion of theories on(A) the basis of passive plant defense(B) how chemicals inhibit a parasitic relationship.(C) how plants produce toxic chemicals(D) the principles of the hypersensitive response.托福阅读答案：CAABD CADD托福阅读文本：Any rock that has cooled and solidified from a molten state is an igneous rock. Therefore, if the Earth began as a superheated sphere in space, all the rocks making up its crust may well have been igneous and thus the ancestors of all other rocks. Even today, approximately 95 percent of the entire crust is igneous. Periodically, molten material wells out of the Earth's interior to invade the surface layers or to flow onto the surface itself. This material cools into a wide variety of igneous rocks. In the molten state, it is called magma as it pushes into the crust and lava when it runs out onto the surface.All magma consists basically of a variety of silicate minerals (high in silicon-oxygen compounds), but the chemical composition of any given flow may differ radically from that of any other. The resulting igneous rocks will reflect these differences. Igneous rocks also vary in texture aswell as chemistry. Granite, for instance, is a coarse-grained igneous rock whose individual mineral crystals have formed to a size easily seen by the naked eye. A slow rate of cooling has allowed the crystals to reach this size. Normally, slow cooling occurs when the crust is invaded by magma that remains buried well below the surface. Granite may be found on the surface of the contemporary landscape, but from its coarse texture we know that it must have formed through slow cooling at a great depth and later been laid bare by erosion. Igneous rocks with this coarse-grained texture that formed at depth are called plutonic.On the other hand, if the same magma flows onto the surface and is quickly cooled by the atmosphere, the resulting rock will be fine-grained and appear quite different from granite, although the chemical composition will be identical. This kind of rock is called rhyolite. The most finely grained igneous rock is volcanic glass or obsidian, which has no crystals. Some researchers believe this is because of rapid cooling; others believe it is because of a lack of water vapor and other gases in the lava. The black obsidian cliffs of Yellowstone National Park are the result of a lava flow of basalt running head on into a glacier. Some of the glacier melted on contact, but suddenly there also appeared a huge black mass of glassy stone.托福阅读题目：1. In the first paragraph, the author mentions that 95% of theEarth's crust is composed of igneous rock to support the idea that(A) the Earth began as a molten mass(B) a thin layer of magma flows beneath the Earth's crust(C) the minerals found in igneous rock are very common(D) igneous rock is continually being formed2. The word "invade" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) move into(B) neutralize(C) cover(D) deposit3. The word "contemporary" in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) vast(B) natural(C) existing(D) uneven4. The word "it" in line 16 refers to(A) granite(B) surface(C) landscape(D) texture5. Granite that has been found above ground has been(A) pushed up from below the crust by magma(B) produced during a volcanic explosion(C) gradually exposed due to erosion(D) pushed up by the natural shifting of the Earth6. Which of the following is produced when magma cools rapidly?(A) granite(B) plutonic rock(C) rhyolite(D) mineral crystals7. The word "finely" in line 22 is closest in meaning to(A) minutely(B) loosely(C) sensitively(D) purely8. Which of the following is another name for volcanic glass?(A) Plutonic rock(B) Crystal(C) Lava(D) Obsidian托福阅读答案：AACAC CAD托福阅读文本：Television has transformed politics in the United States by changingthe way in which information is disseminated, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizen's patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizen's focus on character rather than issues.Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 11/2 to 2 hours, which characterized nineteenth-century political discourse, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10 second "sound bite" in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a snippet of the speech on the news.In these abbreviated forms, much of what constituted the traditional political discourse of earlier ages has been lost. In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. In snippets, politicians assert but do not argue.Because television is an intimate medium, speaking through itrequire a changed political style that was more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech.Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. Schools teach us to analyze words and print. However, in a word in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.Recognizing the power of television's pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events,called pseudo-event, designed to attract media coverage. Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.托福阅读题目：1. What is the main point of the passage ?(A) Citizens in the United States are now more informed about political issues because of television coverage.(B) Citizens in the United States prefer to see politicians on television instead of in person.(C) Politics in the United States has become substantially more controversial since the introduction of television.(D) Politics in the United States has been significantly changed by television.(A) analyzed(B) discussed(C) spread(D) stored3. It can be inferred that before the introduction of television, political parties(A) had more influence over the selection of political candidates(B) spent more money to promote their political candidates(C) attracted more members(D) received more money4. The word "accelerated" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) allowed(B) increased(C) required(D) started5. The author mentions the "stump speech" in line 7 as an example of(A) an event created by politicians to attract media attention(B) an interactive discussion between two politicians(C) a kind of political presentation typical of the nineteenth century(D) a style of speech common to televised political events(A) added interest to(B) modified(C) imitated(D) been replaced by7. The word "that" in line 12 refers to(A) audience(B) broadcast news(C) politician(D) advertisement8. According to the passage , as compared with televised speeches, traditional political discoursewas more successful at(A) allowing news coverage of political candidates(B) placing political issues within a historical context(C) making politics seem more intimate to citizens(D) providing detailed information about a candidates private behavior9. The author states that "politicians assert but do not argue" (line 18) in order to suggest thatpoliticians(A) make claims without providing reasons for the claims(B) take stronger positions on issues than in the past(C) enjoy explaining the issue to broadcasters(D) dislike having to explain their own positions on issues to citizens10. The word "Reliance" in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) abundance(B) clarification(C) dependence(D) information11. The purpose of paragraph 4 is to suggest that(A) politicians will need to learn to become more personal when meeting citizens(B) politicians who are considered very attractive are favored by citizens over politicians who areless attractive(C) citizens tend to favor a politician who analyzed the issue over one who does not(D) citizens will need to learn how to evaluate visual political images in order to become betterinformed12.According to paragraph 5, staged political events are created so that politicians can(A) create more time to discuss political issues(B) obtain more television coverage for themselves(C) spend more time talking to citizens in person(D) engages in debates with their opponents13. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage ?(A) Political presentations today are more like advertisements than in the past.(B) Politicians today tend to be more familiar with the views of citizens than in the past.(C) Citizens today are less informed about a politician's character than in the past.(D) Political speeches today focus more on details about issues than in the past.托福阅读答案：DCABC DABAC DBA托福阅读文本：Fungi, of which there are over 100,000 species, including yeasts and other single-celled organisms as well as the common molds and mushrooms, were formerly classified as members of the plant kingdom. However, in reality they are very different from plants and today they are placed in a separate group altogether. The principal reason for this is that none of them possesses chlorophyll, and since they cannot synthesize their own carbohydrates, they obtain their supplies either from thebreakdown of dead organic matter or from other living organisms. Furthermore the walls of fungal cells are not made of cellulose, as those of plants are, but of another complex sugarlike polymer called chitin, the material from which the hard outer skeletons of shrimps,spiders, and insects are made. The difference between the chemical composition of the cell walls of fungi and those of plants is of enormous importance because it enables the tips of the growing hyphae, the threadlike cells of the fungus, to secrete enzymes that break down the walls of plant cells without having any effect on those of the fungus itself. It is these cellulose-destroying enzymes that enable fungi to attack anything made from wood, wood pulp, cotton, flax, or other plant material.The destructive power of fungi is impressive. They are a major cause of structural damage to building timbers, a cause of disease in animals and humans, and one of the greatest causes of agricultural losses. Entire crops can be wiped out by fungal attacks both before and after harvesting. Some fungi can grow at +50°C, while others can grow at -5°C, so even food in cold storage may not be completely safe from them. On the other hand, fungi bring about the decomposition of dead organic matter, thus enriching the soil and returning carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. They also enter into a number of mutually beneficial relationships with plants and other organisms. In addition, fungi are the source of many of the most potent antibiotics used in clinical medicine,including penicillin.托福阅读题目：1. What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?(A) differences between simple and complex fungi(B) functions of chlorophyll in plants(C) functions of sugar in the walls of fungal cells(D) differences between fungi and plants2. Which of the following is mentioned as a major change in how scientists approach the study offungi?(A) Fungi are no longer classified as plants(B) Some single-cell organisms are no longer classified as fungi.(C) New methods of species identification have been introduced(D) Theories about the chemical composition of fungi have been revised.3. The word "principal" in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) true(B) main(C) logical(D) obvious4.According to the passage , how do fungi obtain carbohydrates?(A) The absorb carbohydrates from their own cell walls.(B) They synthesize chlorophyll to produce carbohydrates.(C) They produce carbohydrates by breaking down chitin.(D) They acquire carbohydrates from other organic matter, both living and dead.5. The passage mentions shrimps, spiders, and insects in line 9 because their skeletons(A) can be destroyed by fungi(B) have unusual chemical compositions(C) contain a material found in the walls of fungal cells(D) secrete the same enzymes as the walls of fungal cells do6. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?(A) "chlorophyll" (line 5)(B) "polymer" (line 8)(C) "hyphae" (line 12)(D) "enzymes" (line 14)7. The word "those" in line 13 refers to(A) tips(B) hyphae(C) enzymes(D) walls8. Fungi have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT(A) They grow hyphae.(B) They secrete enzymes.(C) They synthesize cellulose.(D) They destroy crops.9. The word "Entire" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) certain(B) whole(C) mature(D) diseased10. The passage describes the negative effects of fungi on all the following EXCEPT(A) buildings(B) animals(C) food(D) soil11. The phrase "bring about" in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) cause(B) join(C) take(D) include12. The passage mentions "penicillin" in line 25 as an example of(A) a medicine derived from plants(B) a beneficial use of fungi(C) a product of the relationship between plants and fungi(D) a type of fungi that grows at extreme temperatures.托福阅读答案：DABDC CDCBD AB托福阅读文本：The first flying vertebrates were true reptiles in which one of the fingers of the front limbs became very elongated, providing support for a flap of stretched skin that served as a wing. These were the pterosaurs, literally the "winged lizards." The earliest pterosaurs arose near the end of the Triassic period of the Mesozoic Era, some 70 million years before the first known fossils of true birds occur, and they presumably dominated the skies until they were eventually displaced by birds. Like the dinosaurs, some the pterosaurs became gigantic; the largest fossil discovered is of an individual that had a wingspan of 50 feet or more, larger than many airplanes. These flying reptiles had large, tooth-filled jaws, but their bodies were small and probably without the necessary powerful muscles for sustained wing movement. They must have been expert gliders,not skillful fliers, relying on wind power for their locomotion.Birds, despite sharing common reptilian ancestors with pterosaurs, evolved quite separately and have been much more successful in their dominance of the air. They are an example of a common theme inevolution, the more or less parallel development of different types of body structure and function for the same reason —in this case, for flight. Although the fossil record, as always, is not complete enough to determine definitively the evolutionary lineage of the birds or in as much detail as one would like, it is better in this case than for many other animal groups. That is because of the unusual preservation in a limestone quarry in southern Germany of Archaeopteryx, a fossil that many have called the link between dinosaurs and birds. Indeed, had it not been for the superb preservation of these fossils, they might well have been classified as dinosaurs. They have the skull and teeth of a reptile as well as a bony tail, but in the line-grained limestone in which these fossils occur there are delicate impressions of feathers and fine details of bone structure that make it clear that Archaeopteryx was a bird. All birds living today, from the great condors of theAndes to the tiniest wrens, trace their origin back to the Mesozoic dinosaurs.托福阅读题目：1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Characteristics of pterosaur wings(B) The discovery of fossil remains of Archaeopteryx(C) Reasons for the extinction of early flying vertebrates(D) The development of flight in reptiles and birds2. Which of the following is true of early reptile wings?。
托福词汇练习试题及答案解析
托福词汇练习试题及答案解析托福词汇练习试题及答案解析情况是在不断地变化，要使自己的思想适应新的情况，就得学习。
下面是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年托福词汇练习试题及答案解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!1. ---a bicameral, or two-chamber parliament.(A) Canada has(B) Having Canada(C) Because Canada has(D) That Canada is having答案：A测试点：主谓结构.分析：本句主谓俱缺，应在答案中选择主语+动词的结构，即(A).(B)不是主谓结构;(C)(D)均为从句形式。
2. ---time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only three fingers and a thumb.(A) Saved(B) Saves(C) To save(D) The saving答案：C测试点;不定式.分析：逗号前的部分为表示目的的`状语，可由不定式短语或从句承担.答案中无从句，故选不定式(C).3. The recent discovery of a novel by Harriet Wilson, published in 1859, ---a landmark in Black American literature.(A) has brought to light(B) light to brought has(C) brought to light has(D) has light to brought答案：A测试点：词序/习语.分析：本句有主语而缺谓语，bring sth to light是固定短语，如宾语较长可放在to light之后，即bring to light+宾语.故选(A).4. ---telescopes of the 1600’s magnified objects thirty-three times their original size.(A) That the(B) The(C) This is the(D) Being where the答案：B测试点;冠词。
托福考试语法模拟试题及答案精选整合
托福考试语法模拟试题及答案精选整合托福考试语法模拟试题及答案1. The American clipper ship era was of duration short，extending from about 1845 to 1859.答案：B分析及考点：词序的颠倒，应该改成short duration.只有特殊情况修饰成分后置。
参考译文：美国的剪帆船的时期经历时间很短，只有从1845到1859.2. Crystals of pure quartz，usually called rock crystal，are coarseness，colorless，and transparent.答案：D分析及考点：平行对称结构，词性不对称，所以coarseness 名词应改成coarse参考译文：纯净石英的结晶，通常称为岩石水晶，是粗糙的，无色的，透明的。
3. Of 120 minerals known to have been used as gemstones，only about 25 are in common use in today jewelry.答案：D分析及考点：词序的问题。
应该改成jewelry today.参考译文：在作为宝石使用的所知道的120种矿石中，只有25种是现在珠宝业通常使用的。
4. One of the thirteen original state of the United States，North Carolina lies on the Atlantic coast midway between New York and Florida.答案：A分析及考点：名词单复数使用错误。
应该用复数states.看到one of the.参考译文：北卡罗来那州是最初组成美国的13个州中的一个座落在大西洋岸边，在纽约州和佛罗里达州的中间。
5. The various peoples who developed North America have made it a world leader economic .答案：D分析及考点：词序的颠倒。
新托福考试冲刺试题(热门6篇)
新托福考试冲刺试题（热门6篇）新托福考试冲刺试题（1）The American clipper ship era was of duration short， extending from about 1845 to答案：B分析及考点：词序的颠倒，应该改成short 只有特殊情况修饰成分后置。
参考译文：美国的剪帆船的时期经历时间很短，只有从1845到Crystals of pure quartz， usually called rock crystal， are coarseness， colorless， and答案：D分析及考点：平行对称结构，词性不对称，所以coarseness名词应改成coarse参考译文：纯净石英的结晶，通常称为岩石水晶，是粗糙的，无色的，透明的。
Of 120 minerals known to have been used as gemstones， only about 25 are in common use in today答案：D分析及考点：词序的问题。
应该改成jewelry参考译文：在作为宝石使用的所知道的120种矿石中，只有25种是现在珠宝业通常使用的。
One of the thirteen original state of the United States， North Carolina lies on the Atlantic coast midway between New York and答案：A分析及考点：名词单复数使用错误。
应该用复数看到one of参考译文：北卡罗来那州是最初组成美国的13个州中的一个座落在大西洋岸边，在纽约州和佛罗里达州的中间。
The various peoples who developed North America have made it a world leader economic .答案：D分析及考点：词序的颠倒。
商业托福考试词汇语法模拟试题训练
商业托福考试词汇语法模拟试题训练2017年商业托福考试词汇语法模拟试题训练鸟贵有翼，人贵有志。
立志是事业的大门，信心是事业的起点。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年商业托福考试词汇语法模拟试题训练，希望能给大家带来帮助!1.The factory must be torn down because it is not allowed in _______ area.A) residentialB) remoteC) riskyD) ridiculous2.The cowboy looked ________ in that strange-looking hat.A) residentialB) remoteC) riskyD) ridiculous3. It's too ______ to do the bungee jumping from the cliff.A) residentialB) remoteC) riskyD) ridiculous4.Don't believe him. What he said just now was _______.A) sacredB) rubbishC) secretD) satisfied5. Both the Bible and the Koran are regarded as ________ books.A) sacredB) rubbishC) secretD) satisfied6. The teacher was not ________ with my history report. She asked me to rewrite it.A) sacredB) rubbishC) secretD) satisfied7. Tom loves his English teacher but dare not tell her the truth. He is a ________ admirer of her.A) sacredB) rubbishC) secretD) satisfied8.Tim doesn't like to eat beef, so his wife _______ makes steak.A) self-evidentB) seldomC) sentimentalD) sensitive9. The need for reform was ________ . No wonder a large number of people came up with their opinions.A) self-evidentB) seldomC) sentimentalD) sensitive10. Mr. White always wears sunglasses because his eyes are ________ to light.A) self-evidentB) seldomC) sentimentalD) sensitive1.这工厂必须拆除，因为在住宅区禁设工厂。
托福口语模拟题库
托福口语模拟题库Section 1: Personal Experience1. Describe a memorable event from your childhood.2. Talk about a time when you achieved a personal goal.3. Discuss a challenging experience you faced and how you overcame it.4. Describe an important decision you made and its impact on your life.5. Talk about a time when you collaborated with others to complete a project.Section 2: Campus Life1. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of living on campus.2. Compare and contrast studying in your home country and studying abroad.3. Describe a club or organization you would like to join and why.4. Share your experience attending a school event or sports game.5. Discuss the challenges international students may face in adapting to a new campus environment.Section 3: Personal Preferences1. Talk about your favorite genre of music and explain why you enjoy it.2. Describe your ideal vacation destination and give reasons for your choice.3. Discuss whether you prefer physical books or e-books and explain why.4. Talk about a hobby or activity you enjoy in your free time and why.5. Share your opinion on whether it is better to work alone or in a team.Section 4: Social Issues1. Discuss the impact of social media on society.2. Share your opinion on whether the government should provide free education for all.3. Talk about the benefits and downsides of globalization in today's world.4. Discuss the impact of climate change and ways to address this issue.5. Share your thoughts on the advantages and disadvantages of online shopping.Section 5: Future Plans1. Discuss your career aspirations and why you chose that field.2. Describe your ideal job and the qualities you value in a workplace.3. Talk about your plans for further education and why you want to pursue it.4. Share your thoughts on the importance of lifelong learning and personal growth.5. Discuss the challenges and rewards of being an entrepreneur.Section 6: Cultural Differences1. Compare and contrast the education systems in your home country and the United States.2. Discuss the cultural traditions and customs you find most interesting in a foreign country.3. Talk about the importance of preserving indigenous cultures and languages.4. Share your thoughts on the role of food in different cultures.5. Discuss the impact of immigration on cultural diversity.Section 7: Technology1. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using smartphones.2. Share your thoughts on the role of artificial intelligence in the future.3. Talk about the impact of social media on personal relationships.4. Describe a technological advancement that has positively influenced your life.5. Discuss the ethical implications of gene editing technology.Section 8: Education1. Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of online learning.2. Share your thoughts on the importance of arts education in schools.3. Talk about the role of technology in the classroom.4. Describe a memorable teacher and the impact they had on your education.5. Discuss the benefits of studying abroad for personal and academic growth.Section 9: Travel and Adventure1. Discuss the benefits and challenges of solo travel.2. Share your most memorable travel experience and what you learned from it.3. Talk about the impact of tourism on the environment.4. Describe a famous landmark or tourist attraction you would like to visit.5. Discuss the benefits of learning about different cultures through travel.Section 10: Health and Wellness1. Discuss the importance of a balanced diet and regular exercise.2. Share your thoughts on the impact of stress on mental and physical health.3. Talk about the benefits of alternative medicine practices such as acupuncture or yoga.4. Describe a healthy habit you have incorporated into your daily routine.5. Discuss the importance of mental health awareness and the resources available for support.注意：本模拟托福口语题库为例示题目，实际使用时请参考官方提供的题目。
托福模拟考试及答案解析(6)
托福模拟考试及答案解析（6）(1~6/共56题)阅读理解第1题Why is the class discussing the technical requirements of murals?A.They are preparing for an examination.B.They plan to visit some famous murals.C.They are helping to design a new building.D.They will be creating their own mural.第2题According to the discussion, what factors should be considered in planning a mural?Click on 2 answers.A.The position of the observerB.The character of the artistC.The architecture of the roomD.The colors of the paint第3题What does the instructor mean when she says this:A.A building with a mural will attract a lot of visitors.B.A mural serves the same purpose as other forms of art.C.The term "mural" has several different meanings.D.A mural is an expression of the building's character.第4题The instructor briefly explains what happens when water enters a wall with a mural. Which of the following sentences describe parts of the process?Click on 2 answers.A.Moisture penetrates the wall and dissolves salts in the material.B.The plaster dries quickly, but the paint never dries completely.C.An air space develops between the interior and exterior walls.D.Dried salt deposits form a white film on the surface of the mural.第5题What is the purpose of having an air space between the outer wall and the plaster?A.It will protect the plaster from temperature changes.B.It will give the mural a greater sense of depth.C.It will reduce the time needed for drying the plaster.D.It will eliminate the need to wash the wall frequently.第6题Why does the instructor say this:A.To explain how a wall can be made strongerB.To describe the process of framing a muralC.To explain how to create an insulating air spaceD.To describe a technique for texturing a plaster wall下一题(7~12/共56题)阅读理解第7题What aspect of seeds does the professor mainly discuss?A.Hereditary changes in seedsB.Ways that seeds are dispersedC.Genetic engineering of seedsD.How seeds germinate and grow第8题What role does heredity play in the life of a plant?A.It provides the information the plant needs to grow.B.It helps nutrients move up from the soil into the plant.C.It causes the seed to swell and burst out of its case.D.It supplies the energy required to manufacture food.第9题Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.Why does the professor say this:A.To point out the diversity of plant lifeB.To give an example of an environmental cueC.To compare different ecosystems where plants liveD.To explain why few plants survive in the desert第10题What environmental factors are required for a seed to germinate? Click on 2 answers.A.HeredityB.Wateranic fertilizerD.The proper temperature第11题How does a seed obtain the energy it needs for germination?A.It takes in nutrients through capillaries in its roots.B.It depends on the chemical energy from fertilizer.C.It converts the energy of food stored within itself.D.It uses solar energy collected through its leaves.第12题Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.How does the professor organize the information that he presents?A.He summarizes a process.B.He compares two sets of data.C.He gives a definition and examples.D.He classifies seeds into types.上一题下一题(13~17/共56题)阅读理解第13题Why does the student go to see the professor?A.He wants to hear the professor's comments about his term paper.B.He would like permission to change the topic of his research.C.He would like the professor to recommend him for a job.D.He needs the professor's advice about redesigning an organization.第14题According to the student, what is organizational redesign?A.Preparing materials that help people learn about an organizationB.Writing an essay about why you want to work for an organizationC.Keeping a record of people that join and leave an organizationD.Changing an organization's goals, responsibilities and relationships第15题Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question.What does the professor imply about the student's paper?A.It is too short.B.It contains many errors.C.It lacks a clear focus.D.It has very few ideas.第16题What suggestions does the professor make for the student's paper?Click on 2 answers.A.Explain why organizations need to be redesignedB.Focus on a few essential steps of organizational redesignC.Proofread the paper carefully and correct all mistakesD.Support his points with examples from a real organization第17题Why does the student mention the nursery business where his uncle works?A.To tell the professor where he would like to workB.To give an example that he might discuss in his paperC.To suggest a good place to shop for flowering shrubsD.To impress the professor with his family's success上一题下一题(18~23/共56题)阅读理解第18题How does the professor organize the information that she presents?A.By comparing different reasons for exploring the Arctic OceanB.By describing the past, present, and future of the Northwest PassageC.By explaining the causes of climate change in the Arctic regionD.By listing popular tourist attractions in the Northwest Passage第19题According to the professor, why did European powers start looking for the Northwest Passage?A.They wanted to study the wildlife of the Arctic region.B.They were inspired by the idea of a New World.C.They hoped to find a plentiful source of oil.D.They wanted to establish a western route to Asia.第20题Why does the professor talk about Martin Frobisher and Henry Hudson?A.To give examples of early Arctic explorersB.To describe different routes for crossing the ArcticC.To compare the motivation of two adventurersD.To explain why one failed and the other succeeded第21题Why does the professor say this:A.To end the prepared part of her lectureB.To repeat a point that she made earlierC.To shift the focus of the discussionD.To begin telling a personal story第22题Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.What can be inferred about the Northwest Passage?A.It takes a ship several weeks to navigate the passage.B.Ice makes the passage dangerous and unpredictable.C.The passage is no longer a practical trade route.D.Several ships make it through the passage every year.第23题What point does the professor make about the future of the Northwest Passage?A.The passage will become more passable to ships.B.A reliable, permanent route may never be discovered.C.Only icebreakers will be able to cross the passage.D.Scientists cannot predict the future of the passage.上一题下一题(24~29/共56题)阅读理解第24题What topics do the speakers mainly discuss?Click on 2 answers.A.How domestic animals have benefited human societyB.Why humans domesticated plants before animalsC.How to domesticate large carnivores for foodD.Qualities that favor the domestication of certain species第25题Listen again to part of the discussion. Then answer the question.Which of the following statements can be inferred about large animal species?A.Only a few large animal species were suitable for domestication.B.Many large species have become extinct since the last Ice Age.C.Fourteen large mammal species are primarily herbivores.rge animal species were easier to domesticate than small species.第26题According to the discussion, what benefit to humans do large domestic animals provide that small animals do NOT?A.A source of foodB.A source of clothingC.The ability to pull a plowD.The ability to follow commands第27题According to the discussion, why are carnivores NOT good candidates for domestication as a food source?A.Their meat is less nutritious than the meat of herbivores.B.Their behavior is threatening to other domestic animals.C.They are unsuccessful at reproducing in captivity.D.They are expensive to feed in terms of plant biomass.第28题According to the discussion, which characteristic would most likely make a wild animal unsuitable for domestication?A.A weight of more than 100 poundsB.A tendency toward unpredictable behaviorC.A diet based primarily on plant proteinD.A capacity for using tools to solve problems第29题Listen again to part of the discussion. Then answer the question.What can be inferred about deer and antelope?A.They run away from humans only if threatened.B.They do not supply meat of a consistent quality.C.They are as dangerous as certain wild horses.D.They have not successfully been domesticated.上一题下一题(30~43/共56题)阅读理解THE ATLANTIC EEL1 The mysterious qualities of eels have captivated many scientists. In 1886, a French zoologist put a tiny leaf-shaped saltwater fish into a tank in his laboratory. The fish, about four centimeters long, startled the scientist when it turned into a tiny eel—long, rounded, and clear as window glass. Ten years later, another zoologist observed the same metamorphosis in the Mediterranean Sea and concluded that salt water was important to the process. In 1920, Danish biologist Johannes Schmidt tracked eels in the Atlantic Ocean, eventually finding individuals of the smallest size in the Sargasso Sea, an area of the North Atlantic between the West Indies and the Azores that is approximately 1,100 kilometers wide and 3,200 kilometers long and surrounded by four major ocean currents.2 Atlantic eels have five life phases: larva, glass eel, elver, immature yellow eel, and mature silver eel. Eels are catadromous fish, living most of their lives in fresh water and then migrating to the sea to reproduce. Their migration is an epic life journey, north through the Atlantic, toward the shore, into rivers and lakes, and eventually back to the Sargasso Sea, swimming in the open water by night. Scientists have not yet fully documented adult eels arriving at the Sargasso, or eels mating or laying eggs there, but they have observed the newly hatched larvae clustering in the floating Sargassum weed. The tiny larvae rise to the surface, where they begin their journey by drifting on the Gulf Stream toward either North America or Europe. A year may pass before the young fish swim toward the shore and fresh water. As they approach the coast, the larvaetransform into transparent glass eels, five to seven centimeters in length. It is not yet known how the eels find their way inland, but once glass eels leave the ocean and enter fresh water, they swim upstream, eventually turning into thin, black, ten-centimeter elvers.3 As the elvers grow, they change into adolescent yellow eels, long and slender with brownish-yellow sides and bellies. Yellow eels spend the next several years in flesh water, living in rivers and lakes for up to twenty years. Nearly all of the eels in lakes are female, while those in rivers and estuaries are mainly male. As the adolescents mature into adults, their eyes grow larger, their backs darken, their sides become silver, and their bellies turn silver-white. They start changing into mature silver eels, ready to begin their southward migration to the Sargasso Sea in late autumn. The transformation into sexually mature fish occurs deep in the Atlantic, during the long swim back to their mating site.4 During their long migration, eels face numerous hurdles. Most of these are the result of human activity, such as the dams, weirs, and other physical impediments that have compromised many river systems. Young black elvers require help getting past dams as they migrate upstream. Because eels are able to breathe through their skin as well as their gills, they can travel over wet surfaces on land, so in some locations biologists have devised wet ramps to assist their climb. During their downstream journey, silver eels can be killed when they swim into the turbines of hydroelectric dams, and a river's entire eel run can be destroyed in just a few nights. To combat the problem, some energy companies slow the rotation of the blades during the migration so that the eels might pass safely through the turbines. Another hurdle to the eels' passage is the presence of ancient eel weirs, structures of various types built by every human culture that ever inhabited the region. Natural predators also take a toll: eagles, osprey, snapping turtles, and bass all feed on eels.5 Overfishing and exploitive fisheries have caused eel populations to plummet. Fisheries target eels at three phases of their lives. Before the tiny glass eels can reach shore, thousands are trapped in nets for export to fish farms in Asia. Yellow eels are caught in eel pots for bait, and silver eels are caught in traps for specialty markets around the world. In addition to overfishing, eels will face a more serious threat if climate change alters the speed or direction of the currents around the Sargasso Sea. Even a slight shift in the currents would impact the mating and hatching territories of the Atlantic eel.第30题The word metamorphosis in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning toA.type of movementB.change in appearanceC.swimming abilityD.reduction in size第31题What is the main purpose of paragraph 1?A.To introduce the phenomenon of the eel's life phasesB.To contrast the discoveries of three scientistsC.To entertain readers with scientific mysteriesD.To emphasize the eel's need for both salt and fresh water第32题According to the passage, one characteristic that defines catadromous fish isA.their ability to navigate by smellB.their very long life spanC.their preference for a diet of Sargassum weedD.their migration from fresh water to salt water第33题Scientists have direct evidence of which eel behavior in the Sargasso Sea?rvae swimming among the plantsB.Glass eels transforming into elversC.Adolescents becoming adultsD.Adult females dying after laying eggs第34题The word drifting in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning toA.feedingB.strugglingC.hatchingD.riding第35题According to paragraph 2, there is scientific uncertainty aboutA.where the eels go to reproduceB.what the newly hatched eels eatC.how the eels locate fresh waterD.when the eels become black in color第36题One difference between eels living in rivers and those living in lakes isA.the color of their backs, sides, and belliesB.the level of competition with other speciesC.the season in which their migration beginsD.the relative numbers of females and males第37题Which sentence best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 4? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Dams and weirs have improved river systems for humans and eels.B.Human activity has created hurdles that block the eels' river passage.C.Eels had few physical problems until humans changed the course of rivers.D.The effects of human activity have been both positive and negative.第38题The word combat in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning toA.documentB.studyC.reduceD.ignore第39题Paragraph 4 supports which of the following statements about eel migration?A.More eels die in the river part of their migration than in the ocean.B.Sometimes humans can help eels get past impediments in rivers.C.The original purpose of weirs was to assist eels in their migration.D.Natural predators pose the most serious threat to migrating eels.第40题The word plummet in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning toA.declineB.migrateC.evolveD.disappear第41题It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that the author most likely believes which of the following statements about Atlantic eels?A.A net is the most effective type of equipment for capturing eels.B.People are just beginning to appreciate eels as a source of food.C.Climate change could endanger the ability of eels to reproduce.D.Scientists may never know why eels migrate such long distances.第42题Look at the four squares, A, B, C, and D, which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?Female yellow eels can grow to more than a meter in length, over twice the length of the males.A As the elvers grow, they change into adolescent yellow eels, long and slender with brownish-yellow sides and bellies. Yellow eels spend the next several years in fresh water, living in rivers and lakes for up to twenty years. Nearly all of the eels in lakes are female, while those in rivers and estuaries are mainly male.B As the adolescents mature into adults, their eyes grow larger, their backs darken, their sides become silver and their bellies turn silver-white.C They start changing into mature silver eels, ready to begin their southward migration to the Sargasso Sea in late autumn.D The transformation into sexually mature fish occurs deep in the Atlantic, during the long swim back to their mating site.第43题An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Atlantic eels are long, slender fish with many fascinatingqualities and an epic life journey.●●●Answer ChoicesA. Eels undergo changes in shape and color as they pass through five life phases from larva to adult.B. The Sargasso Sea is an ideal mating site for eels because of the four surrounding ocean currents.C. Eels have a very long adolescence and may spend up to twenty years as immature yellow eels in rivers and lakes.D. Eels hatch in salt water, but spend most of their lives in fresh water before migrating back to the sea to reproduce.E. Glass eels, yellow eels, and silver eels are captured by different means and for different purposes.F. Several factors threaten the survival of eels, including altered river systems, overfishing, and climate change.上一题下一题(44~56/共56题)阅读理解THE PHOTOGRAPHS OF JACOB RIIS1 In the late nineteenth century, New York's Lower East Side had the highest concentration of people in the world. Over one million residents lived in extreme poverty, with 300,000 of them packed into one square mile alone. Most were immigrants from Europe and Asia. Men, women, children, and the elderly all worked for low wages in the thousands of sweatshops that made clothing, cigars, furniture, and tinware. Few of the realist painters of the time wanted to paint this New York; it was a photographer and writer, Jacob Riis, who opened the subject to a wide public.2 Jacob Riis was born in Denmark and immigrated to the United States in 1870, at the age of twenty-one. He landed in New York and got a job as a police court reporter for the New York Tribune. The police headquarters was located in the heart of the East Side slum district, and Riis came to know thousands of the local poor. What he saw inspired him to fight for the elimination of slums using the tools of journalism. At that time, American journalism was changing. The urban population was multiplying rapidly, and there was an explosion of newspapers. The papers aimed to reach larger audiences, which led them to increase the number of human-interest stories—stories not just about the comfortable classes, but about the "other half" and how it lived.3 Jacob Riis became New York's chief reporter of urban blight, making a name for himself with his detailed accounts of life in the Lower East Side. Today he is best known as a photographer. In the 1880s, photography was still at an early stage, and news photos were rare. As a good journalist, Riis was quick to see that recent developments in flashlight photography would enable him to dramatize his stories. Photography would be his means for drawing attention to the living conditions of the poor, particularly the immigrant population. He committed himself to this cause, knowing that the affluent and educated half of society could not ignore photographs of how the other half lived.4 In 1890 he published his photographs in a book, How the Other Half Lives, his most famous work. The book was a bestseller and ran through several editions. The photographs exposed the appalling conditions of the time and were direct evidence of human misery in the immigrant enclaves, back alleys, and cheap lodging houses. Shocked readers saw images of ragged children playing in the street and old people toiling in dim sweatshops. They were horrified by the miserable existence of a million people, the powerless and destitute of America's "other half."5 Riis was a member of the new generation of "muckraking" journalists that investigated corruption, injustice, exploitation, and poverty. Like the other muckrakers, Riis made it his mission to seek out and expose the darker side of society. By today's standards of journalisticetiquette, he was very intrusive, feeling no need to get permission from his subjects before photographing them. Riis and his assistants would burst into tenements and saloons, startling people with their cameras and flashlights. Many of the photographs were taken at night, requiring artificial lighting, which at the time consisted of flash cartridges fired from a revolver into a frying pan. The explosive noise caused terror and confusion. On two occasions, Riis accidentally set fire to rooms he was photographing when the flash cartridge exploded in flames.6 Still, as a journalist and photographer, Jacob Riis had more of an influence on reforming living conditions than did any of the more conventional social workers of his day. One day Riis received a note that read, "I have read your book and I have come to help." The note was from the head of the New York Police Board of Commissioners, Theodore Roosevelt, who later went on to become president of the United States. Moved by the photographs Riis had taken, Roosevelt instituted a number of social reforms. The photographs in How the Other Half Lives are still prized for their historic value and stand out as proof of the power of pictures to bring about social change.第44题Why does the author describe New York's Lower East Side in paragraph 1?A.To identify the place with the world's highest concentration of peopleB.To illustrate the rapid growth of New York in the nineteenth centuryC.To argue for better wages for people working in sweatshopsD.To provide the setting and subject of Jacob Riis's photographs第45题Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 1? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.There were not many realist painters in New York when Jacob Riis started his career as a photographer and writer.B.Photographer and writer Jacob Riis informed people about the Lower East Side, while realist painters ignored it.C.The realist painters and Jacob Riis both dealt with subjects that the public previously knew little about.D.Few people liked realist paintings of New York, so Jacob Riis chose subjects that appealed to a larger audience.第46题In paragraph 2, in stating that there was an explosion of newspapers, the author means thatA.the number of newspapers was increasing rapidlyB.more high-quality newspapers were availableC.there was a limited variety of newspaper storiesD.readers protested against journalistic practices第47题The word blight in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning toA.growthB.povertyC.crimeD.diseaseAccording to the passage, why did Jacob Riis become a photographer?A.He did not want to study the realist painting of the time.B.He hoped to invent a new technique of flash photography.C.He wanted to portray the living conditions of the poor.D.He wanted to send photographs to his family in Denmark.第49题In Riis's book How the Other Half Lives, the term "other half" describesA.journalists and photographersB.the poor and powerlessC.the affluent and educatedD.social reformers第50题Jacob Riis photographed all of the following subjects EXCEPTA.police headquartersB.cheap lodging housesC.immigrant childrenD.workers in sweatshops第51题Riis and many other journalists of his generation were primarily interested inA.exaggerating stories for shock valueB.developing new media technologyC.examining society's negative aspectsD.cricitizing the comfortable classes第52题What can be inferred from paragraph 5 about the journalistic etiquette of the late nineteenth century?A.Journalists did not always respect the privacy of their subjects.B.Jacob Riis was a leader in developing new standards of etiquette.C.New York City had a strict code of behavior for journalists.D.The lack of journalistic etiquette shocked American readers.第53题According to the passage, how did Jacob Riis influence the reform of living conditions in New York?A.He showed social workers how to take effective photographs.B.He became the head of the New York Police Board of Commissioners.C.His photographs inspired powerful people to make changes.D.His accidents with flashlights led to a demand for fire regulations.第54题The phrase stand out in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning toA.are fragileB.are importantC.are confusingD.are worthlessLook at the four squares, A, B, C, and D, which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?Once he set fire to his own clothes, and on another occasion he almost blinded himself.Riis was a member of the new generation of "muckraking" journalists that investigated corruption, injustice, exploitation, and poverty. Like the other muckrakers, Riis made it his mission to seek out and expose the darker side of society. A By today's standards of journalistic etiquette, he was very intrusive, feeling no need to get permission from his subjects before photographing them. B Riis and his assistants would burst into tenements and saloons, startling people with their cameras and flashlights. Many of the photographs were taken at night, requiring artificial lighting, which at the time consisted of flash cartridges fired from a revolver into a frying pan. C The explosive noise caused terror and confusion. On two occasions, Riis accidentally set fire to rooms he was photographing when the flash cartridge exploded in flames. D第56题An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.The work of Jacob Riis was very influential in thesocial history of New York.●●●Answer ChoicesA. Riis was born in Denmark and moved to New York when he was twenty-one.B. Riis's stories and photographs exposed the poverty of people living in the Lower East Side.C. In the late nineteenth century, news photographs were rare because photography was still a new science.D. How the Other Half Lives revealed the shocking conditions in slums and sweatshops.E. New developments in photography made it possible to take photographs indoors and at night.F. Riis used photography and investigative journalism to inspire social reform.上一题下一题(57~63/共40题)听力Play00:0003:26Volume第57题图片第58题What is the lecture mainly about?A.Reasons why the impasto texture remains experimentalB.Changes over time in the way impasto characteristics are createdC.The different skills between impasto and oil paintingD.The effects of impasto techniques that artists can achieve。
历年托福词汇题精选440题及答案
历年托福词汇题精选440题及答案001. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary women.The word "representative" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) typical(B) satisfied(C) supportive(D) distinctive002. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today.The word "prized" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) valued(B) universal(C) uncommon(D) preserved003. The Art Nouveau style was a major forcein the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century.The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) surpassed(B) inclined(C) expressed(D) applied004. During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual. The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) records(B) speeds(C) distances(D) periods005. The increasing water pressure under the glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the friction between ice and rock, thus freeing the glacier, which rapidly sliders downhill surge glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes.The word "freeing" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) pushing(B) releasing(C) strengthening(D) draining006. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle.The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) drop(B) extend(C) melt(D) drift007. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members.The word "collective" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) necessary(B) typical(C) group(D) particular008. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a seriousmoment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group.The word "resolve" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) avoid repeating(B) talk about(C) avoid thinking about(D) find a solution for009. Thousands of tons were extracted before 1875, when it was first noticed that the tar contained fossil remains. Major excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site.The word "noticed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) predicted(B) announced(C) corrected(D) observed010. Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated tangled masses.The word "tangled" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) buried beneath(B) twisted together(C) quickly formed(D) easily dated011. The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust.The word "concealed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) highlighted(B) covered(C) transformed(D) contaminated012. The ocean bottom --- a region nearly 2. 5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth --- is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted, until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. The word "inaccessible" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) unrecognizable(B) unreachable(C) unusable(D) unsafe013. The DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.The word "extracting" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) breaking(B) locating(C) removing(D) analyzing014. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.The word "strength" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) basis(B) purpose(C) discovery(D) endurance015. For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada's population passed the 20 million mark. Most of this surging growth came from natural increase.The word "surging" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) new(B) extra(C) accelerating(D) surprising016. When the prairies were being settled, undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of the 1950's supported a growth in the population, but the expansion also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an increase in the average size of families.The word "trend" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) tendency(B) aim(C) growth(D) directive017. After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until in 1966, it stood at the lowest level in 25 years.The word "peak" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) pointed(B) dismal(C) mountain(D) maximum018. Although the growth in Canada's population had slowed down by 1966 (the increase the first half of the 1960's was only nine percent) , another large population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.The phrase "prior to" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) behind(B) since(C) during(D) preceding019. Advocates of organic foods --- a term whose meaning varies greatly --- frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.The word "Advocates" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) Proponents(B) Merchants(C) Inspectors(D) Consumers020. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains, and the like. The word "unsubstantiated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) unbelievable(B) uncontested(C) unpopular(D) unverified021. But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods. So there is real cause for concern if consumers, particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.The word "maintain" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) improve(B) monitor(C) preserve(D) restore022. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. The word "considerable" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) thoughtful(B) substantial(C) relational(D) ceremonial023. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. The word "enactment" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) establishment(B) performance(C) authorization(D) season024. Staggering tasks confronted the people of the United States, North and South, when the Civil War ended. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.The word "Staggering" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) specialized(B) confusing(C) various(D) overwhelming025. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.The word "devastated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) developing(B) ruined(C) complicated(D) fragile026. Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants acted as pumps. But many experiments demonstrated that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights.The word "demonstrated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) ignored(B) showed(C) disguised(D) distinguished027. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water.The word "extend" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) stretch(B) branch(C) increase(D) rotate028. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the premodern era.The word "vast" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) large(B) basic(C) new(D) urban029. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas.The word "sparked" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) brought about(B) surrounded(C) sent out(D) followed030. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years-lots that could have housed five to six million people.The word "potential" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) certain(B) popular(C) improved(D) possible031. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.The word "outstanding" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) extensive(B) surprising(C) vertical(D) excellent032. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in asmall area around Holzamden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time.The word "site" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) example(B) location(C) development(D) characteristic033. The quality of preservation is almost unmatched, and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.The phrase "account for " is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) record(B) describe(C) equal(D) explain034. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century.The words "a supremacy" in line 9 are closest in meaning to(A) a suggestion(B) an improvement(C) a dominance(D) a development035. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.The word "myriad" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) noticeable(B) many(C) loud(D) unusual036. Each one was virtually a stone town, which is why the Spanish would later call them pueblos, the Spanish word for towns. These pueblos represent one of the Anasazis' supreme achievements. At least a dozen large stone houses took shape below the bluffs of Chiaco Canyon in northwest New Mexico.The word "supreme" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) most common(B) most outstanding(C) most expensive(D) most convenient037. They functioned as sanctuaries where the elders met to plan festivals, perform ritual dances, settle pueblo affairs, and impart tribal lore to the younger generation.The word "settle" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) sink(B) decide(C) clarify(D) locate038. Then, to connect the pueblos and to give access to the surrounding tableland, the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone staircases for ascending cliff faces.The word "ascending" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) arriving at(B) carving(C) connecting(D) climbing039. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.The word "solemn" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) simple(B) serious(C) short(D) silent040. Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.The word "composed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) selected(B) combined(C) played(D) createdThe word "scores" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) totals(B) successes(C) musical compositions(D) groups of musicians041. The Earth comprises three principal layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate rocks that are semimolten at depth, and the thin, solid-surface crust.The word "comprises" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) adapts to(B) benefits from(C) consists of(D) focuses on042. These plates move over the semimolten lower mantle to produce all of the major topographical features of the Earth. Active zones where intense deformation occurs are confined to the narrow, interconnecting boundaries of contact of the plates.The word "intense" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) surface(B) sudden(C) rare(D) extreme043. New oceanic crust is formed along one or more margins of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earth's crust, for example, by volcanic eruptions of lava at midocean ridges. The word "margins" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) edges(B) peaks(C) interiors(D) distances044. If at such a spreading contact the two plates support continents, a rift is formed that will gradually widen and become flooded by the sea. The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and Afro-European plates move in opposite directions.The word "support" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) separate(B) create(C) reduce(D) hold045. Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being. The word "appreciation" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) ignorance(B) recognition(C) tolerance(D) forgiveness046. An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet's dominant, most-distinctive feature-the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues.The word "bias" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) concern(B) disadvantage(C) attitude(D) prejudice047. The prevailing winds in the Great Basin are from the west. Warm, moist air from the Pacific Ocean is forced upward as it crosses the Sierra Nevada.The word "prevailing" is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) most frequent(B) occasional(C) gentle(D) most dangerous048. There seem to have been several periods within the last tens of thousands of years when water accumulated in these basins. The rise and fall of the lakes were undoubtedly linked to the advances and retreats of the great ice sheets that covered much of the northern part of the North American continent during those times. The word "accumulated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) dried(B) flooded(C) collected(D) evaporated049. All living creature, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?The phrase "bizarre" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) odd(B) marine(C) simple(D) rare050. Its major enemies are fish and crabs, when attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into the water. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted.The phrase "casts off" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) grows again(B) grabs(C) gets rid of(D) uses as a weapon 051. A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race, with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals.The word "homogeneous" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) uniform(B) general(C) primitive(D) traditional052. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in Anglo-America is the Amish, a German American farming sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving devices of the industrial age.The phrase "largely renounces" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) generally rejects(B) greatly modifies(C) loudly declares(D) often criticizes053. Secular institutions, of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails. Because of these contrasts, "popular" may be viewed as clearly different from "folk".The word "prevails" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) dominates(B) provides(C) develops(D) invests054. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms.The word "subtle" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) complex(B) regular(C) imagined(D) slight055. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information.The word "compile" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) put together(B) look up(C) pile high(D) work over056. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. The word "raw" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) stormy(B) inaccurate(C) uncooked(D) unprocessed057. People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation's economy would bring social chaos. The word "Prospect" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) regret(B) possibility(C) theory(D) circumstance058. Although the birth rate continued to decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the population roughly doubled every generation during the rest of the nineteenth centuries. As the population grew, its makeup also changed. The word "roughly" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) harshly(B) surprisingly (C) slowly(D) approximately059. Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century had special implications for women because these changes tended to magnify social distinctions. As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home.The word "magnify" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) solve(B) explain(C) analyze(D) increaseThe word "distinctions" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) differences(B) classes(C) accomplishments(D) characteristics060. In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced.The word "related" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) connected(B) described(C) completed(D) identified061. If observations confirm the scientists' predictions, the theory is supported.The word "supported" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) finished(B) adjusted(C) investigated(D) upheld062. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. The phrase "forward-looking" is closest inmeaning to which of following?(A) progressive(B) popular(C) thrifty(D) well-established063. Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary.The word "rudimentary" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) growing(B) undeveloped(C) necessary(D) uninteresting064. Aside from perpetuating itself, the sole purpose of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters is to "foster, assist and sustain an interest" in literature, music, and art.The word "sole" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) only(B) honorable(C) common(D) official065. One award subsidizes a promising American writer's visit to Rome. There is even an award for a very good work of fiction that failed commercially-once won by the young John Updike for The Poorhouse Fair and, more recently, by Alice Walker for In Love and Trouble.The word "subsidizes" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) assures(B) finances(C) schedules(D) publishes066. Committee membership rotates every year, so that new voices and opinions are constantly heard.The word "rotates" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) alternates (B) participates(C) decides(D) meets067. One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in tool making: implements flaked with a clockwise motion (indicating a right-handed toolmaker) can be distinguished from hose flaked with a counter-clockwise rotation (indicating a left-handed toolmaker) .The word "implements" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) tools(B) designs(C) examples(D) pieces068. Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought to have cut meat into strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone knives, as do the present-day Inuit.The word "clues" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) solutions(B) details(C) damage(D) information069. The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities. Such studies, as well as studies of tool use, indicate that right-or left-sided dominance is not exclusive to modern Homo sapiens.The word "hemispheres" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) differences(B) sides(C) activities(D) studies070. Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists.The phrase "subject to" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) susceptible to(B) classified by(C) attractive to(D) strengthened by071. The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae.The word "puncture" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) pierce(B) pinch(C) surround(D) cover072. Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column. The word "fused" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) combined(B) hidden(C) fertilized(D) produced073. To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids use appropriately intriguing shapes, colors, and scents. At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended to attract one, or at most a few, species of insects or birds.The word "lure" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) attract(B) recognize(C) follow(D) help074. Once the right insect has been attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed.The word "placed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) estimated (B) measured(C) deposited(D) identified075. By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant crossbreeding in the wild, assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same time they have made themselves irresistible to collectors.The word "discrete" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) complicated(B) separate(C) inoffensive(D) functional076. The public school system suddenly found itself overtaxed. While the number of schoolchildren rose because of wartime and postwar conditions, these same conditions made the schools even less prepared to cope with the flood.The word "overtaxed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) well prepared(B) plentifully supplied(C) heavily burdened(D) charged too much077. Therefore, in the 1950's and 1960's, the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the "custodial rhetoric" of the 1930's and early 1940's no longer made sense; that is, keeping youths aged sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high priority for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children aged five to sixteen.The word "inadequate" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) deficient(B) expanded(C) innovative(D) specialized078. With the baby boom, the focus of educators and of laymen interested in education inevitably turned toward the lower。
托福模拟考试题
托福模拟考试题考试题目：阅读理解部分Passage 1Directions: In the following passage, there are blanks each of which has been numbered. Against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.The Storming of the BastilleOn July 14, 1789, a angry mob of Parisians stormed the ancient prison-fortress known as the Bastille. This act unleashed the French Revolution and is generally considered the (1) ____ of the modern era. The Bastille was a symbol of the monarchy's abuses of power, and its destruction was an (2)____ of the people's desire for change.The King's ReignThe king during the outbreak of the French Revolution was Louis XVI. Unfortunately, he was an ineffective leader who faced mounting debts and discontent among the impoverished citizens. His apparent indifference to the suffering of his people further (3) ____. The discontent and economic inequality provided the perfect backdrop for the revolution to (4) ____.The Estates-GeneralIn order to address the escalating financial crisis, Louis XVI called upon the Estates-General to convene in May 1789. The Estates-General was madeup of three classes: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. Each class had a single vote, with two out of three classes needed to make a decision. However, the clergy and nobility often joined forces to (5) ____ the commoners in order to protect their privileges.The Tennis Court OathFeeling excluded and powerless, the commoners, known as the Third Estate, broke away from the Estates-General and declared themselves the National Assembly. On June 20, 1789, they took an oath on a tennis court, known as the Tennis Court Oath, pledging to draft a new constitution for France. This event marked the (6) ____ act of defiance against the absolute monarchy.The StormingThe storming of the Bastille was not a coordinated plan, but rather a spontaneous event. On that fateful day, the mob set out to seize weapons that were rumored to be stored in the Bastille. They managed to overthrow the guards and dismantle the prison brick by brick. The event was widely celebrated, as it symbolized the triumph of the people over tyranny.The AftermathThe Storming of the Bastille encouraged other cities in France to rise up against the monarchy. The king and queen were eventually captured and executed, marking the end of the monarchy in France. The French Revolution continued with radical changes to the political, social, and economic structure of the country, leaving a lasting impact on not only France but the entire world.(1) a) initiation b) inception c) beginning d) commencement e) birth(2) a) indication b) evidence c) expression d) manifesto e) representation(3) a) plundered b) assuaged c) aggravated d) mollified e) escalated(4) a) result b) unfold c) emerge d) occur e) progress(5) a) subjugate b) advocate c) emancipate d) empower e) oppress(6) a) preliminary b) prime c) pivotal d) fundamental e) crucialListening部分Passage 2Directions: In the following passage, you will hear some questions. Both the question and the answer will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.W：Excuse me, do you know where the library is?M：Yes, it's just across the street. You can see the sign in front. You can't miss it.Question:What can be inferred about the library?a) It's hard to find.b) It's located on the left side of the street.c) There are no signs indicating the library.d) It's easy to locate.Passage 3Directions: In the following passage, you will hear some questions. Both the question and the answer will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.M：I am thinking about getting a new car, but I'm not sure if I should buy a hybrid or a fully electric vehicle.W：Well, both have their advantages. Hybrids use both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, so they have longer driving ranges. However, fully electric vehicles produce zero emissions and are more environmentally friendly. It really depends on your needs and what you prioritize.Question:What is one advantage of hybrid cars?a) They produce zero emissions.b) They have longer driving ranges.c) They are more environmentally friendly.d) They prioritize needs over range.。
精选托福词汇模拟题
精选托福词汇模拟题TOEFL词汇模拟题精选系列一001. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary women.The word "representative" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) typical(B) satisfied(C) supportive(D) distinctive002. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today.The word "prized" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) valued(B) universal(C) uncommon003. The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century.The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) surpassed(B) inclined(C) expressed(D) applied004. During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual.The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) records(B) speeds(C) distances001 A002 A003 A004 DTOEFL词汇模拟题精选系列二005. The increasing water pressure under the glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the friction between ice and rock, thus freeing the glacier, which rapidly sliders downhill surge glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes.The word "freeing" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) pushing(B) releasing(C) strengthening(D) draining006. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle.The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) drop(B) extend(C) melt(D) drift007. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members.The word "collective" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) necessary(B) typical(C) group(D) particular008. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group.The word "resolve" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) avoid repeating(B) talk about(C) avoid thinking about(D) find a solution for005 B006 A007 C008 DTOEFL词汇模拟题精选系列三009. Thousands of tons were extracted before 1875, when it was first noticed that the tar contained fossil remains. Major excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site.The word "noticed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(B) announced(C) corrected(D) observed010. Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated tangled masses.The word "tangled" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) buried beneath(B) twisted together(C) quickly formed(D) easily dated011. The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust.The word "concealed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) highlighted(C) transformed(D) contaminated012. The ocean bottom --- a region nearly 2. 5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth --- is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted, until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep.The word "inaccessible" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) unrecognizable(B) unreachable(C) unusable(D) unsafe009 D010 B011 B012 BTOEFL词汇模拟题精选系列四013. The DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.The word "extracting" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) breaking(B) locating(C) removing(D) analyzing014. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.The word "strength" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) basis(B) purpose(C) discovery015. For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada's population passed the 20 million mark. Most of this surging growth came from natural increase.The word "surging" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) new(B) extra(C) accelerating(D) surprising016. When the prairies were being settled, undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of the 1950's supported a growth in the population, but the expansion also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an increase in the average size of families.The word "trend" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) tendency(B) aim(C) growth013 C014 A015 C016 ATOEFL词汇模拟题精选系列五017. After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until in 1966, it stood at the lowest level in 25 years.The word "peak" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) pointed(B) dismal(C) mountain(D) maximum018. Although the growth in Canada's population had slowed down by 1966 (the increase the first half of the 1960's was only nine percent) , another large population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.The phrase "prior to" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) behind(B) since(C) during(D) preceding019. Advocates of organic foods --- a term whose meaning varies greatly --- frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.The word "Advocates" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) Proponents(B) Merchants(C) Inspectors(D) Consumers020. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains, and the like.The word "unsubstantiated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) unbelievable(B) uncontested(C) unpopular(D) unverified017 D018 D019 A020 DTOEFL词汇模拟题精选系列六021. But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods. So there is real cause for concern if consumers, particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.The word "maintain" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) improve(B) monitor(D) restore022. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.The word "considerable" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) thoughtful(B) substantial(C) relational(D) ceremonial023. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.The word "enactment" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) establishment(B) performance(C) authorization024. Staggering tasks confronted the people of the United States, North and South, when the Civil War ended. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.The word "Staggering" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) specialized(B) confusing(C) various(D) overwhelming025. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.The word "devastated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) developing(B) ruined(C) complicated(D) fragile021 C022 B023 B024 D025 BTOEFL词汇模拟题精选系列七026. Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants acted as pumps. But many experiments demonstrated that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights.The word "demonstrated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) ignored(B) showed(C) disguised(D) distinguished027. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. Thesame forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water.The word "extend" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) stretch(B) branch(C) increase(D) rotate028. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the premodern era.The word "vast" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) large(B) basic(C) new(D) urban029. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas.The word "sparked" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) brought about(B) surrounded(C) sent out(D) followed030. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years-lots that could have housed five to six million people.The word "potential" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) certain(B) popular(C) improved(D) possible026 B027 A028 A029 A030 D更多有关托福考试知识技巧请看外朗教育官网：。
(完整版)历年托福词汇题汇总440题(有答案)
TOEFL词汇题精选440题001. Most of these leaders were invo Ived in public life as reformers, activists worki ng for wome n's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary wome n.The word "represe ntative" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) typical(B) satisfied(C) supportive(D) dist in ctive002. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffa ny (1843-1933) was the most noted exp onent of this style, produc ing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today.The word "prized" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) valued(B) uni versal(C) un com mon(D) preserved003. The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 un til 1915, although its in flue nce continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eve ntually to be overtake n by a new school of thought known as Fun cti on alism that had bee n prese nt since the tur n of the cen tury.The word "overtake n" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) surpassed(B) in cli ned(C) expressed(D) applied004. During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like n ormal glaciers, traveli ng perhaps only a couple of in ches per day. However, at in tervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster tha n usual.The word "in tervals" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) records(B) speeds(C) dista nces(D) periods 005. The in creas ing water pressure un der the glacier might lift it off its bed, overco ming the friction between ice and rock, thus freeing the glacier, which rapidly sliders dow nhill surge glaciers also might be in flue need by the climate, volca nic heat, or earthquakes.The word "free ing" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) push ing(B) releas ing(C) stre ngthe ning(D) draining006. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge in to the ocea n, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in moti on a vicious cycle.The word "pl un ge" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) drop(B) exte nd(C) melt(D) drift007. Group members look to in strume ntal leaders to "get thi ngs don e." Expressive leadership, on the other han d, is leadership that emphasizes thecollective well-being of asocial group's members.The word "collective" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) n ecessary(B) typical(C) group(D) particular 008. They offer sympathy whe n some one experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipli ne, are quick to lighte n a serious mome nt with humor, and try to resolve issues that threate n to divide the group. The word "resolve" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) avoid repeat ing(B) talk about(C) avoid thi nking about(D) find a solution for 009. Thousa nds of tons were extracted before 1875, when it was first noticed that the tar contained fossil rema ins. Major excavati ons were un dertake n that established the sig nifica nee of this remarkable site.The word "no ticed" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) predicted(B) announced(C) corrected(D) observed 010. Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from inv ertebrates, have bee n recovered, ofte n in den sely concen tratecta ngled masses.The word "ta ngled" is closest in mea ning to which of follow ing?(A) buried ben eath(B) twisted together(C) quickly formed(D) easily dated011. The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have bee n con cealed by leaves and dust. The word "con cealed" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) highlighted(B) covered(C) tran sformed(D) con tami nated012. The ocea n bottom --- a regi on n early 2.5 times greater tha n the total la nd area of the Earth --- is a vast frontier that even today is largely un explored and un charted, un til about a cen tury ago, the deep-ocea n floor was completely in accessible, hidde n ben eath waters averagi ng over 3,600 meters deep.The word "in accessible" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) un recog ni zable(B) un reachable(C) unu sable(D) un safe013. The DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challe nger, was able to maintain a steady positi on on the ocea n's surface and drill in very deep waters,extracting samples of sedime nts and rock from the ocea n floor. The word "extracting" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) breaki ng(B) locat ing(C) rem oving(D) an alyz ing014. Today, largely on thestrength of evide nee gathered duri ng the Glomar Challenger's voyages, n early all earth seientists agree on the theories of plate teet onics and eon ti nen tal drift that expla in many of the geological processes that shape the Earth. The word "stre ngth" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) basis(B) purpose(C) discovery(D) en dura nee015. For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Can ada's populati on passed the 20 milli on mark. Most of this surg ing growth came from n atural in crease.The word "surg ing" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) new(B) extra(C) accelerat ing(D) surpris ing 016. Whe n the prairies were being settled, un doubtedly, the good econo mic eon diti ons of the 1950's supported a growth in the population, but the expansion also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an in crease in the average size of families. The word "tre nd" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) tendency(B) aim(C) growth(D) directive017. After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Can ada bega n to deeli ne. It eon ti nued falling until in 1966, it stood at the lowest level in 25 years.The word "peak" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) poin ted(B) dismal(C) moun ta in(D) maximum018. Although the growth in Ca nada's populati on had slowed dow n by 1966 (the in crease the first half of the 1960's was only nine perce nt) , ano ther large populati on wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the childre n who were born during the period of the high birth rateprior to 1957.The phrase "prior to" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) behi nd(B) since(C) duri ng(D) precedi ng 019. Advocates of orga nic foods --- a term whose meaning varies greatly --- freque ntly proclaim that such products are safer and more nu tritious tha n others.The word "Advocates" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) Prop onents(B) Mercha nts(C) In spectors(D) Con sumers020. There are nu mero usun substa ntiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to syn thetic on es, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that un treated grains are better tha n fumigated grains, and the like.The word "un substa ntiated" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) un believable(B) uncon tested(C) un popular(D) unv erified021. But in many cases con sumers are misled if they believe orga nic foods can maintain health and provide better nu triti onal quality tha n conven ti on ally grown foods. So there is real cause for concern if con sumers, particularly those with limited in comes, distrust the regular food supply and buy only expe nsive orga nic foods in stead.The word "mai ntai n" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) improve(B) mon itor(C) preserve(D) restore022. I n additi on, there were performers and since con siderable importa nee was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. The word "con siderable" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) thoughtful(B) substa ntial(C) relatio nal(D) cere monial023. I n additi on, there were performers and since con siderable importa nee was attached to avoidi ng mistakes in thee nactme nt of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.The word "en actme nt" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) establishme nt(B) performa nee(C) authorizati on(D) season024. Stagger ing tasks confron ted the people of the United States, North and South, when the Civil War ended. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilia n life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy. The word "Staggeri ng" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) specialized(B) confusing(C) various(D) overwhel ming025. About a millio n and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilia n life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.The word "devastated" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) develop ing(B) rui ned(C) complicated(D) fragile026. Some bota ni sts hypothesized that the livi ng cells of pla nts acted as pumps. But many experime ntsdem on strated that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights. The word "dem on strated" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) ignored(B) showed(C) disguised(D) disti nguished027. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a n egative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water movi ng from in side the pla nt in un broke n colu mns thatexte nd from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these un broke n colu mns of water.The word "exte nd" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) stretch(B) branch(C) in crease(D) rotate028. By ope ning vast areas of uno ccupied land for reside ntial expa nsion, the omni buses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more dista nt from city centers than they were in the premodern era. The word "vast" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) large(B) basic(C) new(D) urba n029. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosi on of real estate developme nt and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new reside ntial lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outly ing areas.The word "sparked" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) brought about(B) surro un ded(C) sent out(D) followed030. An xious to take adva ntage of the possibilities of commut ing, real estate developers added 800,00(jbote ntial building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years-lots that could have housed five to six million people.The word "pote ntial" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) certa in(B) popular(C) improved(D) possible031. The quality of preservati on is outstanding , but what is even more impressive is the nu mber of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.The word "outsta nding" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) exte nsive(B) surpris ing(C) vertical(D) excelle nt032. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have bee n reported from 6 differe nt levels of the shale in a small area around Holzamde n, suggest ing that a specificsite was used by large nu mbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time.The word "site" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) example(B) locati on(C) developme nt(D) characteristic033. The quality of preservati on is almost unm atched, and quarry operati ons have bee n carried out carefully with an aware ness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not acco unt for the in terest ing questi on of how there came to be such a concen trati on of preg nant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.The phrase "acco unt for " is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) record(B) describe(C) equal(D) expla in034.In the seve ntee nth cen tury the orga n, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief in strume nts of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the pia no suppla nted them at the end of the eightee nth cen tury.The words "a supremacy" in line 9 are closest in meaning to(A) a suggesti on(B) an improveme nt(C) a dominance(D) a developme nt 035. A series of mecha ni cal improveme nts continuing well into the nin etee nth cen tury, in cludi ng the in troducti on of pedals to susta in tone or to softe n it, the perfecti on of a metal frame, and steel wire of the fin est quality, fin ally produced an instrume nt capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harm onies to an almost orchestral full ness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brillianee. The word "myriad" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) no ticeable(B) many(C) loud(D) unu sual036. Each one was virtually a stone tow n, which is why the Spanish would later call them pueblos, the Spanish word for tow ns. These pueblos represe nt one of the An asazis' supreme achieveme nts. At least a doze n large stone houses took shape below the bluffs of Chiaco Canyon in n orthwest New Mexico.The word "supreme" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) most com mon(B) most outsta nding(C) most expe nsive(D) most convenient037. They fun cti oned as san ctuaries where the elders met to pla n festivals, perform ritual dan ces,settle pueblo affairs, and impart tribal lore to the youn ger gen erati on. The word "settle" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) si nk(B) decide(C) clarify(D) locate 038. Then, to conn ect the pueblos and to give access to the surro unding tablela nd, the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone staircases forasce nding cliff faces.The word "asce nding" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) arriv ing at (B) carv ing(C) conn ect ing(D) climbi ng039. Within a very short time, however, the incon gruity of playi ng lively music to a sole mn film became appare nt, and film pia ni sts bega n to take some care in matchi ng their pieces to the mood of the film.The word "sole mn" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) simple(B) serious(C) short(D) sile nt(D) extreme040. Certai n films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early specialscores was that composed and arra nged for D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.The word "composed" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) selected(B) comb ined(C) played(D) createdThe word "scores" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) totals(B) successes(C) musical compositi ons(D) groups of musicia nsc 041. The Earthcomprises three prin cipal layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate rocks that are semimolten at depth, and the thin, solid-surface crust.The word "comprises" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) adapts to(B) ben efits from(C) con sists of(D) focuses ond 042. These plates move over the semimolte n lower man tle to produce all of the major topographical features of the Earth. Active zones where intense deformati on occurs are confined to the n arrow, in terc onn ect ing boun daries of con tact of the plates.The word "inten se" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) surface(B) sudden(C) rarea 043. New ocea nic crust is formed along one or moremarg ins of each plate by material issu ing from deeper layers of the Earth's crust, for example, by volca nic eruptions of lava at midocean ridges. The word "marg ins" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) edges(B) peaks(C) in teriors(D) dista nces d 044. If at such a spread ing con tact the two plates support con ti nen ts, a rift is formed that will gradually wide n and become flooded by the sea. The Atla ntic Ocea n formed like this as the American and Afro- Europea n plates move in opposite directi ons. The word "support" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) separate(B) create(C) reduce(D) hold d 045. Coin cide nt with concerns about the accelerati ng loss of species and habitats has bee n a grow in gappreciati on of the importa nee of biological diversity, the nu mber of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and huma n well- be in g.The word "appreciati on" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) ignorance(B) recog niti on(C) tolera nee(D) forgive nessd 046. An alie n explori ng Earth would probably give priority to the pla net's dominant, most-distinctive feature-the ocean. Huma ns have abias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly exam ining global issues.The word "bias" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) concern(B) disadva ntage(C) attitude(D) prejudice047. The prevailing winds in the Great Basi n are from the west. Warm, moist air from the Pacific Ocea n is forced upward as it crosses the Sierra Nevada.The word "prevaili ng" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) most freque nt(B) occasi onal(C) gen tle(D) most dan gerous048. There seem to have bee n several periods with in the last tens of thousa nds of years whe n wateraccumulated in these bas ins. The rise and fall of the lakes were un doubtedly lin ked to the adva nces and retreats of the great ice sheets that covered much of the northern part of the North America n con ti nent duri ng those times. The word "accumulated" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) dried(B) flooded(C) collected(D) evaporated049. All livi ng creature, especially huma n bein gs, have their peculiarities, but everyth ing about the little sea cucumber seems unu sual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other ecce ntricities, eats mud, feeds almost continu ously day and ni ght but can live without eating for long periods, and can be pois onous but is con sidered supremely edible by gourmets?The phrase "bizarre" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) odd(B) marine(C) simple(D) rare050. Its major enemies are fish and crabs, when attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into the water. It alsocasts off attached structures such as ten tacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and rege nerate itself if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surro unding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted. The phrase "casts off" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) grows aga in(B) grabs(C) gets rid of(D) uses as a weap on051. A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, con servative, n early self-sufficie nt group that is homoge neous in custom and race, with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals.The word "homoge neous" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) uniform(B) gen eral(C) primitive(D) traditio nal052. Un altered folk cultures no Ion ger exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Can ada. Perhaps the n earest moder n equivale nt in An glo-America is the Amish, a Germa n America n farmi ng sect that largely renoun ces the products and labor sav ing devices of the in dustrial age. The phrase "largely renoun ces" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) gen erally rejects(B) greatly modifies(C) loudly declares(D) often criticizes053. Secular in stituti ons, of con trol such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economprevails . Because of these con trasts, "popular" may be viewed as clearly different from "folk". The word "prevails" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) domin ates(B) provides(C) develops(D) inv ests054. Conven ti onal computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicti ng short-lived local storms like the Edm onton tor nado, because the available weather data are gen erally not detailed eno ugh to allow computers to discer n thesubtle atmospheric cha nges that precede these storms.The word "subtle" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) complex(B) regular(C) imagi ned(D) slight055. Com mun icatio ns satellites can tran smit data around the world cheaply and in sta ntan eously, and moder n computers can quickly compile and an alyz ing this large volume of weather in formati on.The word "compile" is closest in mea ning to which of follow ing?(A) put together(B) look up(C) pile high(D) work over056. Meteorologists and computer scie ntists now work together to desig n computer programs and video equipme nt capable of tran sformi ng raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can in terpret easily and quickly. The word "raw" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing? (A) stormy(B) in accurate(C) uncooked(D) un processed057. People in the United States in the nin etee nth cen tury were haun ted by the prospect that un precede nted cha nge in the nation's economy would bring social chaos. The word "Prospect" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) regret(B) possibility(C) theory(D) circumsta nee058. Although the birth rate continued to decli ne from its high level of the eightee nth and early nineteenth century, the population roughly doubled every gen eratio n duri ng the rest of the nin etee nth cen turies. As the populati on grew, its makeup also cha nged. The word "roughly" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) harshly(B) surpris in gly(C) slowly(D) approximately059. Rapid in dustrializati on and in creased geographic mobility in the nin etee nth century had special implications for women because these cha nges ten ded toag nify social distinctions . As the roles men and wome n played in society became more rigidly defi ned, so did the roles they played in the home.The word "mag nify" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) solve(B) expla in(C) an alyze(D) in creaseThe word "dist in cti ons" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) differe nces(B) classes(C) accomplishme nts(D) characteristics060.In scie nee, a theory is a reas on able expla nati on of observed eve nts that are related. A theory ofte n invo Ives an imagi nary model that helps scie ntists picture the way an observed eve nt could be produced. The word "related" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) conn ected(B) described(C) completed(D) ide ntified061. If observati on s con firm the scie ntists' predicti ons, the theory issupported. The word "supported" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) fin ished(B) adjusted(C) inv estigated(D) upheld cities. Ice was used in hotels, taver ns, and hospitals, and by someforward-look ing city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. The phrase "forward-looking" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) progressive(B) popular(C) thrifty(D) well-established063. Making an efficie nt icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nin etee nth cen tury, the kno wledge of the physics of heat, which was esse ntial to a science of refrigeration, wasrudimentary. The word "rudimentary" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) grow ing(B) un developed(C) n ecessary(D) unin terest ing064. Aside from perpetuat ing itself, thesole purpose of the America n Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters is to "foster, assist and susta in an in terest" in literature, music, and art.The word "sole" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) only(B) hono rable(C) com mon(D) official065. One awardsubsidizes a promis ing American writer's visit to Rome. There is eve n an award for a very good work of fiction that failed commercially-once won by the young Joh n Updike for The Poorhouse Fair and, more rece ntly, by Alice 10Walker for In Love and Trouble.The word "subsidizes" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) assures(B) finan ces(C) schedules(D) publishes066. Committee membershiprotates every year, so that new voices and opinions are con sta ntly heard.The word "rotates" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) alter nates(B) participates(C) decides(D) meets 067. One importa nt line of evide nee comes from flak ing patter ns of sto ne cores used in tool making: implements flaked with a clockwise moti on (in dicat ing a right-ha nded toolmaker) can be distinguished from hose flaked with a coun ter-clockwise rotati on (in dicat ing a left-ha nded toolmaker).The word "impleme nts" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) tools(B) desig ns(C) examples(D) pieces 068. Even scratches found on fossil huma n teeth offer clues. An cie nt huma ns are thought to have cut meat into strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with sto ne kni ves, as do the prese nt-day In uit.The word "clues" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) solutio ns(B) details(C) damage(D) in formatio n069. The variatio n betwee n thehemispheres corresp onds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities. Such studies, as well as studies of tool use, in dicate that right-or left-sided dominance is not exclusive to moder n Homo sapie ns. The word "hemispheres" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) differe nces(B) sides(C) activities(D) studies070. Pla nts aresubject to attack and in fecti on by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mecha ni sms desig ned to frustrate the potential colonists.The phrase "subject to" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) susceptible to(B) classified by(C) attractive to(D) stre ngthe ned by071. The exter nal surfaces of pla nts, in additi on to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either preve nt feedi ng by in sects or may everp un cture and kill in sect larvae.The word "pun cture" is closest in meaning to which of follow ing?(A) pierce(B) pin ch(C) surro und(D) cover072. Orchids are unique in hav ing the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive。
托福考试模拟试题
托福考试模拟试题托福（TOEFL，Test of English as a Foreign Language）是世界上最为知名的英语水平考试之一，被广泛用于衡量非英语母语国家的学生在英语听力、阅读、口语和写作能力方面的水平。
托福考试模拟试题是考生备考过程中非常重要的一部分，通过模拟试题的练习，考生可以更好地了解考试形式和题型，提升应对考试的能力。
以下将为大家提供一些托福考试模拟试题，供大家练习参考。
一、听力部分听力是托福考试的第一部分，主要考察考生听力理解能力。
以下是一道托福听力模拟试题：Questions 1-5:Listen to part of a talk in an American history class.Uh, so, why did the Pilgrims come to America? I mean, what were they looking for?Well, they were seeking religious freedom. You see, in England at that time, the Anglican Church held a monopoly over religious practice, and the Pilgrims, being a more radical Protestant sect, wanted to break away and establish their own religious community.What did the Pilgrims do before they came to America?Before settling in America, the Pilgrims first traveled to the Netherlands in search of religious freedom. However, they encountered difficulties there as well, so they eventually decided to set sail for the New World.What was the name of the ship that the Pilgrims sailed to America on?The ship that carried the Pilgrims to America was the Mayflower. It was a small, cramped vessel, and the journey across the Atlantic Ocean was arduous and perilous.What challenges did the Pilgrims face upon arriving in America?Upon reaching America, the Pilgrims faced numerous challenges, including harsh weather conditions, unfamiliar terrain, and conflicts with Native American tribes. Many of them succumbed to disease and starvation during the first winter.What was the significance of the Mayflower Compact?The Mayflower Compact was a document signed by the Pilgrims upon their arrival in America. It established a framework for self-government and cooperation among the settlers, laying the foundation for democratic principles in the New World.二、阅读部分阅读部分是托福考试的第二部分，包括多篇文章和相关问题。
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【考前练习】托福词汇模拟练习题精选试题（六）
托福单词记忆对于大多数托福考生来说是一大难点。
托福词汇的学习需要放在文章语境中去记忆和理解。
以下为大家带来十道托福词汇模拟练习题精选试题(六)，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助!
411. This new technology enabled them to build factories in the Nation’s largest cities, taking advantage of urban concentrations of inexpensive labor, Good transportation networks, and eager customers.
The word “eager” is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) wealthy
(B) knowledgeable
(C) regular
(D) enthusiastic
412. Small, both in format and number of pages, they were generally bound simply, in board(a form of cardboard) or merely stitched in paper wrappers (a sewn antecedent of modern-day paperbacks) .
The word “antecedent” is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) predecessor
(B) format
(C) imitation
(D) compontent
413. By far, the most appealing publishing investments were to be found in small books that had proven to be steady sellers, providing a reasonably reliable source of income for the publisher.
The word “appealing” is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) dependable
(B) respectable
(C) enduring
(D) attractive
414. Almanacs, annual publications that contained information on astronomy and weather patterns arranged according to the days, week, and months of a given year, provided the perfect steady seller because their information pertained to the locale in which they would be used.
The word “locale” is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) topic
(B) season
(C) interest
(D) place
415. What unusual or unique biological train led to the remarkable diversification and unchallenged success of the ants for over 50 million years?
The word “unique” is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) inherited
(B) habitual
(C) singular
(D) natural
416. The answer appears to be that they were the first group of predatory ensocial insects that both lived and foraged primarily in the soil and in rotting vegetation on the ground.
The word “rotting” is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) decaying
(B) collected
(C) expanding
(D) cultivated
417. Richly organized colonies of the kind made possible by eusociality enjoy several key advantages over solitary individuals.
The word “key” is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) uncommon
(B) important
(C) incidental
(D) temporary
418. Composers today use a wider variety of sounds than ever before, including many that were
once considered undesirable noises.
The word “wider” is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) more impressive
(B) more distinctive
(C) more controversial
(D) more extensive
419. Non-Western music typically divides and interval between two pitches more finely than Western music does, thereby producing a greater number of distinct tones, or microtones, within the same interval.
The word “thereby” is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) in return for
(B) in spite of
(C) by the way
(D) by that means
420. The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930. A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles.
The word “meteoric” is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) rapid
(B) famous
(C) controversial
(D) methodical
参考答案：D A D D C A B D D A。