英语教学法之听说法

Theoretical Basis
• Theory of language:
1. Elements in a language are produced in a rule-governed (structured) way. 2. Language samples could be exhaustively described at any structural level of description. 3. Language is structured like a pyramid.
• The development of mastery in all four language skills. • To develope in the students the same types of abilities that native speakers have, to use it automatically without stopping to think.
6. Expansion drill 7. Clause combination drill 8. Backward build-up drill 9. Chain drill 10. Mini-dialogue drill
Summary and Comments
• Its theoretical basis was found to be weak. • Techniques used in the Audio-linqual Method are also found faulty. • The teacher's role is central and active. • Materials in this method are primarily teacher-oriented. • Individual differences in students received fresh consideration.
• It is among the first theories to recommend the development of a language teaching theory on declared linguistic and psychological principles. • It attemps to make language learning accessible to large groups of ordinary learners. • It stresses syntactic progression and uses pattern drills to help the students gain control over grammatical structures.
• Emphasis on certain practice techniques: mimicry, memorization and pattern drills. • Discouraging the use of the mother tongue in the classroom, • Use of language laboratory.
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• Theory of Learning:
1. Language is speech, not writing. 2. A language is what its native speakers say, not what someone thinks they ought to say. 3. Languages are different. 4. A language is a set of habits. 5. Teach the language, not about the language.
The Audio-lingual Method 听 说 法
Background
• It was developed in the U.S. during WWII for military purposes. • Linguists and applied linguists during this period were becoming increasingly involved in the English study as a foreign language. • In 1914 the first English Language Institute in the U.S. was established in the University of Michigan.
Exemplification
• • • • Recognition Imitation and Repetiton Patter Drills Follow-up Activities
Techniques
1. Repetiton drill 2. Simple substution drill 3. Progressive drill 4. Transformation drill 5. Question-and answer drill
Basic Principles
• Seperation of language skills into listening, speaking, reading and writing, with emphasis on the teaching of listening and speaking. • Use of dialogues as the chief means of presenting the language.
Objectives
• To enable students to use the target language communicatively. • To train in listening comprehension, accurate pronunciatiion, reading comprehension and production of correct sentences in writing.