英语自然拼音表
小学英语自然拼音法教材
自然拼音法The phonetic method一、字母表ABCDEFG二、26个字母代表的发音A a 张大口,舌尖抵着下牙: apple antB b发“拨”: bed book boyC c 发“磕”:cap cup car catD d发“de”:desk dog doorE e张小口,:egg elephant bedF f发音时把上牙齿搭在下嘴唇上,声音从牙缝中呲出:food foot fiveG g 发“哥”: girl goodH h 发"喝"的清音:hat home handI l 发“一”的清音: ink insectJ j 发“遮”: jacket juiceK k 发“磕” :kite kiss keyL l 发“勒令的勒”清音: leg lion lightM m 发“摸” :monkey mother mapN n 发“讷”:night noO o 发“噢” :ox OctoberP p 发“泼”: pig pencil penQ q 发“扩”的清音: quiet queenR r发"弱"的清音: rabbit ringS s发音时上下牙齿紧闭,声音从牙缝中呲出:sun sofa six sevenT t 发“特”的清音:towel toe tie table teacher tea two tenU u 发“阿”:umbrella under uncle upV v发音时把上牙齿搭在下嘴唇上,声音从牙缝中呲出:vase violinW w 发"我"的清音:woman wellX x 发“科斯”:ax x-ray boxY y发"爷"的清音:yesZ z发音时上下牙齿紧闭,声音从牙缝中呲出:zoo zebra三、long vowel (长元音)A [ei] : ai paint pain tail rain nail maid jail railay ray say bay way hay lay may payE [i:] :ee bee peel reeds eel see teeth jeep feetea peanut meat eagle sea leaf pea peach teaI [ai] :ie tie pie lie dieigh right sight night tight light sigh fight highO [ou] :oa coat toast road boat coal goat toad soapow yellow pillow row rainbow bowl window hollow lowU [ju:] :ui suit juice fruit四、 short vowel (短元音)A【?】:bag cat map apple bat hat fanE 【e】:pen well egg red bell net bedI 【i】:lick six pig pin ink hill kissey monkey turkey jockey donkey key trolley hockey moneyO 【?】:ox on box sock operateU 【?】:cup nut bus sun uncle under umbrella gun五、 R-vowel (R元音)Or 【?:】:pork porch horse horn corn fork fort morningAr [a:] :armchair card arm car cart park garden farmUr 【?:】:hurt turkey turtle surfing nurse purse furEr【?】 :sister brother marker rooster under mother winter mermaidIr【?:】 :dirty bird birthday circus girl dirt circle六、diphthongs(双元音)ou [au]口形由[a]向[u]滑动。
英语自然拼读法及自然拼读练习表 (1)
英语自然拼读法及自然拼读练习表 (1)ar: car star far jar bar tar parker: her XXXir: XXXur: turn XXX fur curl surfor: XXX shore第一天:自然拼音拼读练表第一天的练主要是研究元音字母a、e、i、o、u以及元音字母组合a_e、e_e、i_e、o_e、u_e的发音。
下面是一些练词汇:a: mat、map、bag、cat、hat、fan、bat、applee: egg、well、red、pen、net、hen、bed、belli: lick、six、bib、pig、pin、kiss、ink、hillo: ox、on、us、box、sock、operate、ostrichu: sun、umbrella、cup、bus、nut、gun、uncle、undera_e: cape、name、XXX、lake、game、make、take、hate e_e: these、Japanese、Chinesei_e: bite、five、nine、kite、XXX、nice、ride、sideo_e: rose、nose、rope、note、pose、home、rode、thoseu_e: XXX、cube、XXX、cute、huge第二天:ai、ay、ee、ea、ey、ie、igh、oa、ow、ui、ue第二天的练主要是研究元音字母组合的发音。
下面是一些练词汇:ai: tail、rain、paint、pain、jail、rail、nail、maiday: bay、ray、way、say、hay、pay、May、layee: reeds、eel、XXX、peel、XXX、feet、see、XXXea: sea、XXX、XXX、eagle、XXX、XXX、leaf、peaey: XXX、XXX、XXX、XXX、XXX、hockey、key、XXXie: XXX、pie、XXX、dieigh: right、sight、night、tight、hight、fight、high、sigh oa: road、toast、toad、coal、goat、boat、coat、soapow: rainbow、pillow、yellow、window、bowl、row、hollow、XXXui: suit、juice、fruitue: Sue、blue、glue、true第三天:ar、er、ir、ur、or第三天的练主要是研究r的发音。
英语自然拼音以及单词发音规律
组合7(只有一个字母发音)
kn-/n/-knowwr-/r/-wrinklemb-/m/-climb
组合8
遇s浊化
sp-பைடு நூலகம்sb/-spring st-/sd/-stand sc-/sg/-scarf sk-skate
组合9
all-/ɔ:l/-callew-/ju:/-few
fr-/fr/-friend tr-/tr/-tree dr-/dr/-drink
组合3
sm-/sm/-small sn-/sn/-snack sl-/sl/-slogan sw-/sw/-sweet
组合4
ar-/a:/-scar er-/ə:/-enter ir-dirty ur-turn or-/ɔ:/-pork
o-e:o consonant e /əu//əu//əu/rose
u-e:u consonant e /ju/ /ju/ /ju/ cute
/ei/ - ai- tail ay - say/i:/-ee- bee ea - bean
/ai/ - ie - lie igh - right /əu/-oa - boat ow - bowl
自然拼音
Part1单字母:
a-/æ/-appleb-/b/-book c-/k/-cat d-/d/-duck e-/e/-bed f-/f/-frog g-/g/-girl h-/h/-hat i-/i/-ill j-/dʒ/-jobk-/k/-kite l-/l/-lion m-/m/-map n-/n/-name o-/o/-boxp-/p/-paper q-/kw/-quiter-/r/-rose s-/s/-six t-/t/-two u-/ʌ/-busv-/v/-very w-/w/-win x-/ks/-boxy-/j/-yellowz-/z/-zero
48个国际音标以及自然拼读
英语国际音标表(48个)元音(20个)辅音(28个)26个英文字母书写以及发音英语字母分为元音字母与辅音字母Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu 位元音字母,剩余所有字母均为辅音字母。
四十八个音素发音以及自然拼读规律(一)元音部分1. ar car farm arm a class last fast plant2. o come love u fun hunt cup busoo blood flood ou trouble rough3. or for forty al small halloar oar roar au caught autumnour four court oor floor door4. o hot lost mop a want wash watchou cough5. er term nerd ir girl shirt thirtyear heard or work wormur nurse burger murder6. a banana Canada Japan e men listeno control lesson u famuluser teacher leader farmer or actor doctorar dollar ou delicious7. /i/美式读音符号 /i:/英式读音符号/i:/传统式的国际音标读音符号前元音,是字母ea,ee,ie或ei在单词中的发音。
此音是长元音,一定注音把音发足。
嘴角要向两边裂开,像微笑。
. ea meat leave lead ee three sheep seekie piece ei ceiling receive8. i sit mix fit e defect decideui build y many myth9. oo doom broom gloom u trutho do shoe10. u push put oo look good woodo wolf woman ou could should11. e bed desk better a many anyea bread head12. a bag flag black mad13. a cake gate plane ay play say mayea great break ai rain paint plain ey they grey14. i bike fine find y my try fly15. oy boy toy joy oi soil voice choice16. ear ear near ere hereeer beer deer ea idea17. are care air chair air fair ear pear bear ere there where18. our tour pour oor poorure sure19. o home go host oa boat coat goaloe toe ow blow below20. ou house out loud ow cow flower(二)辅音部分21-22/p/ /b/美式读音符号 /p/ /b/英式读音符号 /p/ /b/传统的国际音标的读音符号/p/是p的发音,/b/是b的发音。
英语自然拼读法方法
精心整理英语自然拼读法1字母与发音一一对应的辅音b -- ballz -- zoo* 注:q与u总是连在一起的2有多个发音的辅音:例词:c字母c后面接a,o,u的时候,c的发音与字母k发音相同,叫做“hard c sound”cat, cap, call, coat, cup 当字母c后面接e,i,或y的时候,通常c的发音与字母s发音相同,叫做“soft c sound”city, ice, rice, face, cell, cent,voice, pencil, juicey在结尾,单词只有一个音节时y发长/i/音,y在结尾,单词有两个或以上音节时y发长/e/音y在单词或音节中间时,发短/i/音小测试:my, cry, fly, sky3辅音字母组合辅音字母组合的发音很简单,就是把每个辅音字母的发音连在一起就可以了。
之所以要把它们单独列出来,一个重要的原因就是,每个辅音字母组合是作为一个整体来看待的,在划分音节的时候是不能把这些辅音字母组合分开的。
音节的划分对于一个单词的读音至关重要,我们所学的自然拼音法发音规律,其实都是针对单个音节的,dr --dress,drag, drink, drive, dropfr --frog,fresh, free, from, frontgr --grape,grade, grass, grin, gruntpr --press,pride, price, print, prooftr --truck,track, true, train, tree带有s的字母组合sc --scale,scar, score, scare, scuffsk --skate,skip, skill, skull, skinsm --smoke,smile, smog, smell, smearsn --snake,snap, snore, snow, snugsp --spoon,spin, spot, spell, sportlk --milk,silk, elk, sulk, skulkmp --lamp,damp, champ, hump, dumpnch --inch,ranch, lunch, bench, crunchnd --hand,kind, bend, stand, mindng(这个音比较特别,是舌头抵住上颚后方所发出的鼻音)--ring, long, sing, wing, lung nk --sink,bank, trunk, pink, inknt --tent,ant, hunt, sent, mintsh --fish,rash, brush, wish, trashst --vest,last, test, list, lost4复合字母构成的单音不发音的辅音字母(Silent Consonants)在有些辅音字母组合中,其中一个字母是不发音的,该组合所发的音与发音的那个辅音字母所发音相同。
自然拼读法归纳(可打印)
.页脚自然拼读法归纳(可打印)大家下载后打印,经常拿出来给小朋友练习,相信一定会对发音有很大帮助英文的26 个字母,分为元音和辅音,其中元音只有5 个,即a,e,i,o,u,其余字母均为辅音。
对于大多数辅音来说,它们的发音是一对一的,而有少数几个辅音字母,每个字母有两个或以上的发音。
字母与发音一一对应的辅音:b -- ball d -- dog f -- fish h -- hat j -- jump k -- kite l -- leg m -- man n -- not p -- pen q quick r -- run s -- sun t -- ten v -- vest w -- water z -- zoo (注意q 与u 总是连在一起的)有多个发音的辅音:字母发音例词c 字母c 后面接a,o,u 的时候,c 的发音与字母k 发音相同,叫做hard c soundcat, cap, call, coat, cup 当字母c 后面接e,i,或y 的时候,通常c 的发音与字母s 发音相同,叫做soft c sound city, ice, rice, face, cell, cent, voice, pencil, juice 有时在e 或i 前面,c 会发/sh/音ocean, racial, social g 字母g 后面接a,o,u 的时候,所发的音叫做hard g sound girl, gas, get, give, go 当字母g 后面接e,i,或y 的时候,有时g 的发音与字母j 的发音相同,叫做软g 音age, change, ginger, Egypt, gentle, giraffe, badge 特例:forget, give, girl 中的g 发hard sound x x 在单词中间或结尾时发/ks/音box, next, mix, six, fox x 在单词中间时有时发/gz/音exit,exam, exact x 在单词起始位置时发/z/音xylophone, xerox y y 在单词起始位置时发音为辅音yes, you, yard, year, yell y 在单词或音节中间或结尾时被当做元音y 在结尾,单词只有一个音节时y 发长/i/音,y 在结尾,单词有两个或以上音节时y 发长/e/音y 在单词或音节中间时,发短/i/音小测试:my, cry, fly, sky 辅音字母组合辅音字母组合的发音很简单,就是把每个辅音字母的发音连在一起就可以了。
自然拼读表 pdf
英语音标对应字母表1、元音[i]对应字母i,y,a,ai,ui-it hill wit sicky-agony balcony manya-beverage garbage passageai-mountain captainu-busy minute[i:]对应字母ea,ee,e,ei,ie,ey,i ea-sea tea defeatee-bee feel feete-me he she mediaei-leisure seizeie-brief thief chiefey-keyi-machine[e]对应字母e,ea,ai,ay,ue-wet bendea-bread threatai-saiday-saysu-bury[æ]对应字母aa-rat cap lack[a:]对应字母ar,oc,al,oar-star car alarmoc-lock cockal-calm palmo-not on[ɔ:]对应字母aw,al,ou,oar,our,or,ar,aw-law hawk yawn lawn dawnal-all walk hall talkou-bought foughtoar-soarour-course courtor-born sort snorear-warn warmth awardau-haunt caught autumn[ɔ]对应字母ouou-cough[u]对应字母oo,u,ouoo-fool took goodu-full pullou-should[u:]对应字母ew,oo,ui,o,ouew-flew crewoo-food boom soonui-fruito-tombou-group[ʌ]对应字母u,o,ou,oou-bus us but buckleo-onion monk aboveou-enoughoo-blood flood[ə:]对应字母or,ir,ear,ur,eror-worm workir-dirt firmear-learn search research heard ur-burn surfer-amerce term danger[ə]对应字母a,ar,ou,o,or,e,u,ur a-above ago thousandar-regular particularou-famous jealouso-personor-monitor actore-quiet vessel自然拼读对照表.u-vacuumur-surround[ei]对应字母a,ea,ai,ay,ey a-date cake makeea-greatai-wait vail aiday-bay himalayasey-obey obeyance[aiə]对应字母ire,ieire-empire inspire respire ie-society quiet[au]对应字母ou,owou-house noun thousandow-bow town[ai]对应字母uy,ie,i,ei,y uy-buyie-lie piei-hike hightei-Fahrenheit heighty-asylum [ou]对应字母o,ow,oao-hose holeow-bowloa-oat boat moat coat [ɔi]对应字母oi,oyoi-soil oiloy-boy toy[iə]对应字母eer,ear,ereeer-beerear-dear ear fearere-here[ɛə]对应字母air,ear,are,eir air-fair airear-bearare-hare dareeir-heir their[uə]对应字母oor,ure,ouroor-poorure-sure lureour-tour2、辅音[p]对应字母pp-pea peach peak pie pig [b]对应字母bb-bee back bear[t]对应字母tt-bet boat neat[d]对应字母dd-need dig doom dad[k]对应字母ck,k,c,ch,quck-back pickk-kill keenc-cast comech-school schedulequ-conquer unique technique[g]对应字母gg-green grave gravity[kw]对应字母ququ-quit question quite quiet[tʃ]对应字母ch,tch,tu,ti,tch-chain chesttch-watch catchtu-culture agriculture architecture ti-celestial questiont-fortune.[dʒ]对应字母d,j,g,dgd-schedule education soldier j-jane jeepg-gym gibedg-bridge budget edge[dr]对应字母drdr-drive[tr]对应字母trtr-tree[dz]对应字母dsds-minds winds[ts]对应字母tsts-treats cats hats[f]对应字母f,ph,ghf-fail fairph-phonegh-enough cough laugh[v]对应字母vv-leave vary[θ]对应字母thth-thought thank[ð]对应字母th,theth-though than breaththe-breathe bathe[s]对应字母c,s,ss,sc,cec-ice faces-sank sickss-address classsc-sciencece-palace place[z]对应字母s,z,ses-eyes knees thousandz-prize zealse-raise [ʃ]对应字母sh,s,sci,ss,ch,ci,ti sh-shake cashs-ensure suresci-conscience consciousss-pressure passionch-machineci-preciousti-racial[ʒ]对应字母g,sg-garage mirages-leisure usual[h]对应字母hh-hair hat high[m]对应字母mm-came dime game[ŋ]对应字母ngng-rung song sing[n]对应字母n元音字母后或者单词末尾n-cane kin run元音字母前或者单词词首n-nose now night knight[l]对应字母l元音字母后或者单词末尾l-hall travel 元音字母前或者单词词首l-flee fly [r]对应字母rr-free rare[j]对应字母y,iy-year yesi-million billion trillion[ju]对应字母u,ueu-cute fuel supremeue-due.[w]对应字母ww-wait wet wed [hw]对应字母whwh-whack wheat3、不发音的字母bclimb tomb debt combe(o,a)history factory secretaryghlight bought ought nighthhonest Buddhist ghost kknife acknowledge knownautumn column condemntlisten pitch castle nestleubuild/bɪld;bɪld/wwrite wreck总结:英语自然拼读是目前国际主流的英语教学法,我国香港和台湾地区2000年就已引进此教学法,并已进入大规模推广和普及阶段。
小学英语复习资料:自然拼音拼读练习表
小学英语复习资料:自然拼音拼读练习表第一天:a e i o u a_e e_e i_e o_e u_e Aa : mat map bag cat hat fan bat appleEe:egg well red pen net hen bed bellIi: lick six bib pig pin kiss ink hillOo:ox on octopus box sock operate ostrichUu:sun umbrella cup bus nut gun uncle under cape name tape lake game make take hatethese Japanese Chinesebite five nine kite mine nice ride siderose nose rope note pose home rode thosetube cube June cute huge第二天:ai ay ee ea ey ie igh oa ow ui ueai: tail rain paint pain jail rail nail maiday:bay ray way say hay pay May layee:reeds eel bee peel jeep feet see teethea:sea meat peanut eagle peach tea leaf peaey:donkey monkey jockey turkey monkey hockey key trolley ie:tie pie lie dieigh:right sight night tight hight fight high sighoa:road toast toad coal goat boat coat soapow:rainbow pillow yellow window bowl row hollow lowui:suit juice fruitue:Sue blue glue true第三天:ar er ir ur orar: arm car armchair card cart farm park gardener:sister brother under rooster winter mermaid marker mother ir:birthday circus dirty bird circle dirt girlur:turtle surfing turkey fur hurt purse nurseor:porch pork horse horn fort morning corn fork第四天:ou ow oi oy au aw oo oo eaou:house out mouth count fountain mountain shout mouseow:cow towel clown owl crown brown flower toweroi:coin oil point noise boil soil poison coiloy:oyster boy cowboy soy toyau:august sause sausage naughty autumn applauseaw:paw draw saw straw strawberry lawnoo:moon zoo roof rooster boots food spoon room cool fool boom foolish oo:book cook good foot look hookea:head sweater sweat pear lead bear leather feather第五天:ch sh wh ph th th kn wr mbch:beach lunch cheese bench church chicken chair cherrysh:sheep shirt ship fish dish push shoes shovelwh:whale white wheel wheat whip whistle wheelchair whisperph:photo elephant telephone trophy pharmacy alphabetth:brother feather leather father motherth:thumb three bathmat thirsty thief bath mouth teethkn:knob knee knife knock knitwr:wrist wrinkle wrap wreath writemb:thumb lamb bomb comb crumb numb第六天:bl fl pl cl gl br cr gr pr fr tr drbl:blue black blouse bloom bleach blanket blonde hair fl: flat flu fly flame flute floor flag flowerpl:plane play plus planet platform plum plate plant cl:clock cloud clean clay climb close clap clowngl:glove globe glass glue glasses gliderbr:bright brook brim bride brown bread brick brother cr:crown crab cream crow crayon crocodile cry croissant gr:gray green grass grapes ground grow grandmapr:prixe price prawn press prince princess prayfr:frog frost Friday French fries fruit front friend frame tr:tractor truck train tray tree triangle trunk trolleydr:dream drum dry drop draw drive dress drink第七天:sm sn sl sw sp st sc sk all ew ysm:smile small smell smoke smoothsn:snowman snow snore snake snail sneakers sneakers snacksl:slow slap sleep slide slope sledsw:switch swallow swan swim sweet swing sweater sweatsp:spider spaceship spinach spoon spellst:stockings store star stamp storm stick student standsc:scarf scooter scanner scarecrow scale scorpion scoopsk:skunk skis skirt skatesall:call tall fall ball wallew:dew few view hew new nephew newspaperYy: sky fly dry spy type shy cry my Yy :Miny sunny puppy dizzy dirty pony happy baby自然拼音强化练习:Tongue twister1.A big black bear sat on a big black bug.2.A big black bug bit a big black dog on his big black nose!3.Cat, Cat, catch that fat rat.4.A fat cat catches a mad rat.5.Blue glue gun, green glue gun.6.Black background, brown background.7.A noisy noise annoys an oyster.8.A good cook can cook good cookies.9.At noon I took a good book,and sat by the pool in the wood.I soon took off my boot.And put my foot in the pool.Oh! How cool, how cool.10.The hunter and his huge horse hide behind in house.11. Betty better butter Brad's bread.12.Two tiny tigers take two taxis to town.13.The first is the first.The third is the third.The third can be the first, The first can be the third.14.Sir, this girl wearing a dirty skirt is not the first, but the third.15.A flea and a fly flew up in a flue. Said the flea, "Let us fly!" Said the fly, "Let us flee!" So they flew through a flaw in the flue.16. I wish you were a fish in my dish.17.Jean's three sheep are near the green jeep.18.There are thirty -three thousand three hundred and thirty-three feathers on that bird's throat.19.Neither father nor mother likes this weather.20.It's a goat,sitting in a boat,wearing a coat and writing a note.It's abear,sitting on a chair,holding a pear and combing its hair.It's a cock,sitting on a rock,wearing a sock and looking at a clock.It's a fly,wearing a tie,holding a pie and waving good bye.。
自然拼音法
自然拼音法自然拼音法(Phonics)是指看到一个英语单词,就可以根据英文字母在单词里的发音规律把这个单词念出来的一种方法。
在美国的幼儿园和学校里,孩子们从三岁起,就开始接受自然拼音法的教育了,这种方法是美国孩子学习自己母语的方法。
英语是拼音文字,所有的词汇都是由26个字母拼出来的,而在成千上万的不同拼法中,基本发音因素却只有39-47个,这说明26个字母与基本音素间是有着一定的关联的。
但是,英语是属于比较深奥的拼音文字,也就是说26个字母与基本音素之间没有一对一的对应关系,而是一对多和多对一的复杂关系,这对学习英语词汇的发音和拼写无疑增加了难度。
尽管如此,人们还是总结出了很多发音规律,这些规律对于绝大多数英文词汇都是适用的,这就是自然拼音法。
在美国,孩子们在学校都首先要掌握自然拼音法,在小学三年级前要把基本法则全部掌握,并成为熟练的阅读者。
掌握了自然拼音法的基本规律后,学生们就需要靠大量的阅读来增加词汇量,丰富自己头脑里字母与发音的对应关系,从而能够对不认识的新的不规则发音的词汇的发音做出正确的猜想,到了这个阶段,就可以说已经完全掌握了英语阅读了。
美国的教育专家们把儿童初学阅读的过程定义为如下五个循序渐进的步骤:1. Phonemic Awareness (音素意识的形成)2. Alphabetic Principle (字母发音规则的掌握)3. Accuracy & Fluency (对文字掌握的准确性与熟练性)4. Vocabulary (词汇量的扩大)5. Comprehension (阅读文字与理解文字的完美结合)一般来讲,美国的孩子们三、四岁的时候,开始学习英文的26个字母,并学习以这些字母开头的词汇,这时候的孩子,大部分都掌握了26个字母,但对它们的发音只是有一点模糊的认识,还不能完全把字母的发音和单词联系起来。
注重英文阅读的老师和家长们会经常为孩子们朗读童书,同时边朗读边用手指着对应的文字,让孩子逐步建立单词的发音与文字的对应关系。
英语自然拼音表
英语语音基础表1.音节:(1)单音节是由一个元音(或再加上前后的辅音)构成。
如:make face my I Mike.(2)双音节是由两个元音(或再加上前后的辅音)构成。
如:hour answer.(3)多音节是由三个或三个以上的音节构成。
如:exercise.(4)开音节:元音字母后面没有辅音字母时,为绝对开音节;"元音字母+辅音字母(r除外)+不发音的e"时,为相对开音节。
如:绝对开音节no 相对开音节note.(5)闭音节:元音字母后面有辅音字母。
如:not desk on.2.音节的划分:(1)在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅音字母时(除r和字母组合外),一个属于前面,另一个属于后面。
如:let-ter ap-ple.(2)两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅音字母时(除r和字母组合外),如果前面是开音节,则该辅音字母属于后面;如果前面是闭音节,则该辅音字母属于前面。
如:stu-dent stud-y.(3)在两个音节相邻处有字母r时:①相邻处是rr时,一个r属于前面,另一个r属于后面,前边按重读闭音节规律发音。
如:mar-ry.②相邻处是"元音字母+r+其他辅音字母"时,r属于前面,前边按重读-r音节规律发音。
如:far-ther.③相邻处是"元音字母+r+元音字母"时,r属于前面。
如:dur-ing.④有字母组合的词在划分音节时,要保持字母组合的完整。
如:daugh-ter.3.26个英文字母在单词中常发的音:a [a]b [b]c [k]d [d]e [e]f [f]g [g]h [h]i [i]j [dʒ]k [k]l [l]m [m]n [n]o [ɔ]p [p]q [k] qu[kw]r [r]s [s]t [t]u [ʌ]v [v]w [w] x[ks] y [j] z [z]a_e e_e i_e o_e u_e [ei] [i:] [ai] [əu] [ju:]4.基本字母组合发音:an [æn] can ran pan fanat [æt] cat hat rat baten [en] hen ten pen menet [et] net pet wet jetig [ig] big dig pig wigip [ip] sip dip rip zipot [ɔt] hot cot pot dotog [ɔg] frog fog log dogay[ei] bay ray way say hay pay May lay day playaw [ɔ:]aw[ɔ:] paw draw saw straw strawberry law awfulau [ɔ:]au[ɔ:] August sauce sausage naughty autumn applause because astronautau[a:] aunt laughaugh [ɔ:]augh[ɔ:] daughterair/aer [eə]air/aer[eə] hair aeroplane aerialal [ɔ:]al[ɔ:] talk call tall fall ball wall alsoal[a:] half palm (al+f或m时,读[a:])e的字母组合:ee [i:]ee[i:] reeds eel bee peel jeep feet see teeth street beef week agree green needea [i:]/[e]ea[i:] sea meat peanut clean peach tea leaf pea cream eat please teacherea[e] head sweater sweat pear lead bear leather feather weather heavy breakfastea[ei] greatea[iə] really ideaey [i:]/[ei]ey[i:] donkey money jockey turkey monkey hockey keyey[ei] greyear [iə]/[eə]ear[iə] hear near beard dear yearear[eə] bear wear pearear[a:] heartear[ə:] learn early (ear+辅音时,ear读[ə:])eer [iə]eer[iə] deer beerei/eigh [ei]ei/eigh[ei] veil eightei/eigh[ai] height neither eitherei[i:] receive (c+ei时,ei常读[i:])eu/ew/iew [ju:]eu/ew/iew[ju:] neutral deuce new view review few nephew dew hew newspapereir [eə]eir[eə] their theirseo [i:]eo[i:] peoplei的字母组合:ie [ai]ie[ai] tie pie lie dieie[i:] thief belief believeie[e] friendlyie[aiə] quiet scienceia/io [aiə]ia/io[aiə] dialogue pioneer diary lionig/igh [ai]ig/igh[ai] right sight night tight light sign fight higho的字母组合:oa [əu]oa[əu] road toast toad coal goat boat coat soap coachow [əu]/[au]ow[əu] rainbow pillow yellow window bowl row hollow low follow show know snowow[au] cow towel clown owl crown brown flower tower how crowded down nowou [au]ou[au] house out mouth count fountain mountain shout mouse found sound aroundou[ʌ] country youngou[u:] group soup you throughou[əu] though shoulder althoughoi [ɔi]oi[ɔi] coin oil point noise boil soil poison coil join voiceoy [ɔi]oy[ɔi] boy oyster toy cowboy soy enjoyoo [u:]oo[u:] moon zoo roof rooster boots food spoon room cool pool noodle school soon toooo[u] book woods cookie wool foot cook hooklook goodour [ɔ:]/[auə]our[ɔ:]/[auə] four our your our[uə] tourour[ə:] journeyowe/ower [auə]owe/ower[auə] towel flower oor/oar [ɔ:]oor/oar[ɔ:] door boardoor[uə] poorough [ɔ:]ough[ɔ:] ought thought oul [u]oul[u] should would couldu的字母组合:ui [u:]/[ju:]ui[u:] suit juice fruitui[ju:] suitcaseue [u:]/[e]ue[u:] Sue blue glueue[e] guess guestuy [ai]uy[ai] buy guyture [tʃə]ture[tʃə] futurey的字母组合:yy[ai] sky fly dry spy type shy cry my byy[i] rainy sunny puppy dizzy dirty pony happy baby physicsy[j] yes yard (词首的y用作辅音字母时,读[j])yr [ə:]yr[ə:] myrtleyre [aiə]yre[aiə] tyre byre"元音字母+re"字母组合(a/e/i/o/u+re)are [eə]are[eə] care dare rare hare prepare squareare[a:] areere [iə]/[eə]ere[iə] here mere severeere[eə] there whereireire[aiə] fire wire tire entireoreore[ɔ:] more fore core before storeure [juə]/[uə]ure[juə] cure pure endureure[uə] sure"元音字母+r"字母组合(a/e/i/o/u+r)ar [ar]ar[ar] arm car armchair card cart farm park garden market smart hard art star startar[ɔ:] warm quarterer [ə:]er[ə(:)] sister brother under rooster winter mermaid marker mother person her other cleverir [ə:]ir[ə:] birthday circus dirty bird circle dirt girl sir birth firstor [ɔr]or[ɔr] porch pork horse horn fort morning corn fork report short sport story corneror[ə(:)] world work doctor actor wordur [ər]ur[ər] turtle surfing turkey fur hurt purse nurse辅音字母组合发音规则ch [ tʃ]/[ k ]/[ ʃ]ch[tʃ] beach lunch cheese bench church chicken chair cherry cheapch[k] school chemistrych[ʃ] machinetch [ tʃ]tch[tʃ] watch catchsh [ ʃ]sh[ʃ] sheep shirt ship fish dish push shoes shovelwh [w]/[h]wh[w] whale white wheel wheat whip whistle wheelchair whisperwh[h] whose whoph [ f ]ph[f] photo elephant telephone trophy pharmacy alphabet geography dolphingu [g]/[gw]gu[g] guess guestgu[gw] languagegn [n]gn[n] sign foreignng [ŋg]ng[ŋg] hungry language penguingh [ f ]gh[f] laugh-ge [dʒ]-ge[dʒ] cabbage bridge porridgeck [k]ck[k] back rocknc/nk [ŋk]nc/nk[ŋk] uncle bank drinkth [ð]/[θ]th[ð] brother feather leather father motherth[θ] thin through nothing bothkn [n]kn[n] knob knee knife knock knit knowwr [r]wr[r] wrist wrinkle wrap wreath write wrong mb [m]mb[m] thumb lamb bomb comb crumb numb mn [m]mn[m] autumnqu [kw]qu[kw] quiet questionss [s]ss[s] glasses grass discusstw [tw]tw[tw] twentythr [θr]thr[θr] throughtr [tr]tr[tr] tractor truck train tray tree triangle trunk trolley trip trumpetdr [dr]dr[dr] dream drum dry drop draw drinkbl[bl] blue black blocks blouse bloom bleach blanketfl[fl] flat flu fly flame flute floor flag flower pl[pl] plane play plus planet platform plum plate cl[kl] clock cloud clean clay climb close clapgl[gl] glass glove globe glue glasses glidercr[kr] crown crab cream crow crayon crygr[gr] gray green grass grapes ground growpr[pr] prize price prawn press prince princess pray br[br] bright brook brim bride brown bread brick brotherfr[fr] frog frost Friday French fries fruit front friend framesm[sm] smile small smell smoke smoothsn[sn] snowman snow snore snake snailsneakers sneeze snacksl[sl] slow slap sleep slide slope sledsw[sw] switch swallow swan swim sweet swing sweater sweatsp[sb] spider spaceship spinach spoon spellst[sd] stockings store star stamp storm stick student standsc[sg] scarf scooter scanner scarecrow scale scorpion scoopsk[sg] skunk skis skirt skates-ble[bl] terrible table able-dle[dl] noodle needle-(p)ple[pl] people apple-(t)tle[tl] little turtle-stle[sl] whistle-cil[sl] pencil-(s)son[sn] person lesson-sin[sn] basin-son[zn] reason season-fin[fn] muffin coffin-ften[fn] often-ven[vn] oven seven-(s)sion[ʃən] expression-tion [ ʃən ]/[ tʃən ]-tion[ʃən] nation information situation-tion[tʃən] question suggestion-ture[tʃə] future picture-sion[ʒən] decision conclusion-ing[iŋ] sitting playing standing during following。
自然拼读规则
英语是拼音文字,所有的词汇都是由26个字母拼出来的,而在成千上万的不同拼法中,基本发音因素却只有39-47个,这说明26个字母与基本音素间是有着一定的关联的。
但是,英语是属于比较深奥的拼音文字,也就是说26个字母与基本音素之间没有一对一的对应关系,而是一对多和多对一的复杂关系,这对学习英语词汇的发音和拼写无疑增加了难度。
尽管如此,人们还是总结出了很多发音规律,这些规律对于绝大多数英文词汇都是适用的,这就是自然拼音法。
英文的26个字母,分为元音和辅音,其中元音只有5个,即a,e,i,o,u,其余字母均为辅音。
对于大多数辅音来说,它们的发音是一对一的,而有少数几个辅音字母,每个字母有两个或以上的发音。
字母与发音一一对应的辅音:b-ball d-dog f-fish h-hat j-jumpk-kite l-leg m-man n-not p-penq-quick r-run s-sun t-ten v-vestw-water z-zoo (注意q与u总是连在一起的)有多个发音的辅音:字母发音例词c字母c后面接a,o,u的时候,c的发音与字母k发音相同,叫做“hard c sound”cat, cap, call, coat, cup当字母c后面接e,i,或y的时候,通常c的发音与字母s发音相同,叫做“soft c sound” city, ice, rice, face, cell, cent, voice, pencil, juice有时在e或i前面,c会发/sh/音ocean, racial, socialg字母g后面接a,o,u的时候,所发的音叫做“hard g sound” girl, gas, get, give, go当字母g后面接e,i,或y的时候,有时g的发音与字母j的发音相同,叫做“软g音” age, change, ginger, Egypt, gentle, giraffe, badge特例:forget, give, girl中的g发hard soundx x在单词中间或结尾时发/ks/音box, next, mix, six, foxx在单词中间时有时发/gz/音exit, exam, exactx在单词起始位置时发/z/音xylophone, xeroxy y在单词起始位置时发音为辅音yes, you, yard, year, yelly在单词或音节中间或结尾时被当做元音y在结尾,单词只有一个音节时y发长/i/音,y在结尾,单词有两个或以上音节时y发长/e/音y在单词或音节中间时,发短/i/音小测试:my, cry, fly, sky辅音字母组合辅音字母组合的发音很简单,就是把每个辅音字母的发音连在一起就可以了。
最全自然拼读规律
自然拼读法根本规则英语是拼音文字,所有的词汇都是由26个字母拼出来的,而在成千上万的不同拼法中,根本发音因素却只有39-47个,这说明26个字母与根本音素间是有着一定的关联的。
但是,英语是属于比拟深奥的拼音文字,也就是说26个字母与根本音素之间没有一对一的对应关系,而是一对多和多对一的复杂关系,这对学习英语词汇的发音和拼写无疑增加了难度。
尽管如此,人们还是总结出了很多发音规律,这些规律对于绝大多数英文词汇都是适用的,这就是自然拼音法。
英文的26个字母,分为元音和辅音,其中元音只有5个,即a,e,i,o,u,其余字母均为辅音。
对于大多数辅音来说,它们的发音是一对一的,而有少数几个辅音字母,每个字母有两个或以上的发音。
字母与发音一一对应的辅音:b -- balld -- dogf -- fishh -- hatj -- jumpk -- kitel -- legm -- mann -- notp -- penq – quickr -- runs -- sunt -- tenv -- vestw -- waterz -- zoo〔注意q与u总是连在一起的〕有多个发音的辅音:字母发音例词c字母c后面接a,o,u的时候,c的发音与字母k发音一样,叫做"hard c sound〞cat, cap, call, coat, cup当字母c后面接e,i,或y的时候,通常c的发音与字母s发音一样,叫做"soft c sound〞city, ice,rice, face, cell, cent, voice, pencil, juice有时在e或i前面,c会发/sh/音ocean, racial, socialg字母g后面接a,o,u的时候,所发的音叫做"hard g sound〞 girl, gas, get, give, go当字母g后面接e,i,或y的时候,有时g的发音与字母j的发音一样,叫做"软g音〞age, change, ginger, Egypt, gentle, giraffe, badge特例:forget, give, girl中的g发hard sound**在单词中间或结尾时发/ks/音bo*, ne*t, mi*, si*, fo**在单词中间时有时发/gz/音e*it, e*am, e*act*在单词起始位置时发/z/音*ylophone, *ero*y y在单词起始位置时发音为辅音yes, you, yard, year, yell y在单词或音节中间或结尾时被当做元音y在结尾,单词只有一个音节时y发长/i/音,y在结尾,单词有两个或以上音节时y发长/e/音y在单词或音节中间时,发短/i/音小测试:my, cry, fly, sky辅音字母组合辅音字母组合的发音很简单,就是把每个辅音字母的发音连在一起就可以了。
26个字母自然拼读口诀表打印
26个字母自然拼读口诀表打印《26个字母自然拼读口诀表打印》一、引言在学习拼音和字母的过程中,26个字母的自然拼读口诀表是一个非常有用的工具。
它可以帮助我们更好地理解字母的发音规则,提高拼音和字母的认知水平。
本文将围绕着26个字母的自然拼读口诀表展开讨论,探讨其在学习中的重要性和应用场景。
二、26个字母的自然拼读口诀表概述1. Aa - 阿,啊,爸爸的阿;2. Bb - 不不别比它;3. Cc - 参差背出糙;4. Dd - 地地的的大;5. Ee - 啊,额,恩儿俄;6. Ff - 法发分飞风;7. Gg - 哥哥个割革;8. Hh - 哈哈和黑花;9. Ii - 衣衣衣医室;10. Jj - 兄弟几加家;11. Kk - 可可科刻客;12. Ll - 了了累烂了;13. Mm - 妈妈麻麦马;14. Nn - 念你能牛拿;15. Oo - 哦,哦,喔窝;16. Pp - 批匹飘票皮;17. Qq - 七七其去去;18. Rr - 日若绒人儿;19. Ss - 思司四撕丝;20. Tt - 天天弟题跳;21. Uu - 欸,饿,诶虫哦;22. Vv - 维薇伟胃韦;23. Ww - 屋屋窝我喔;24. Xx - 西嘻拉昔硒;25. Yy - 夜姨衣易仪;26. Zz - 醉莫滋紫字。
三、深入探讨从这26个字母的自然拼读口诀表中,我们可以看出每个字母的发音规则都被简洁地概括出来,这对于初学者来说是非常有帮助的。
对于英语学习者来说,这个口诀表可以帮助他们更好地掌握字母的发音规律,提高读音准确性。
而对于儿童而言,这个口诀表也可以通过生动有趣的语言和韵律,增加他们学习的趣味性,提高学习积极性。
这个口诀表的设计也符合了从简到繁、由浅入深的教学原则。
通过简单直观的语言和形象的比喻,帮助学习者更容易理解和记忆。
随着学习的深入,学习者可以逐渐通过这些口诀表掌握更深层次的知识,形成系统、完整的字母发音规则体系。
(完整word版)超全的英语自然拼读法规则
超全的英语自然拼读法规则,一定要收好!英语是拼音文字,所有的词汇都是由26个字母拼出来的,而在成千上万的不同拼法中,基本发音因素却只有39-47个,这说明26个字母与基本音素间是有着一定的关联的。
1字母与发音一一对应的辅音b —— balld —- dogf -— fishh —- hatj —- jumpk —- kitel —- legm —- mann —— notp —- penq – quickr -— runs —- sunt -- tenv —- vestw -— waterz -— zoo(注意q与u总是连在一起的)2有多个发音的辅音:字母发音例词c字母c后面接a,o,u的时候,c的发音与字母k发音相同,叫做“hard c sound"cat, cap, call, coat, cup当字母c后面接e,i,或y的时候,通常c的发音与字母s发音相同,叫做“soft c sound”city, ice, rice, face, cell, cent, voice, pencil, juice有时在e或i前面,c会发/sh/音ocean, racial, socialg字母g后面接a,o,u的时候,所发的音叫做“hard g sound" girl, gas, get, give, go 当字母g后面接e,i,或y的时候,有时g的发音与字母j的发音相同,叫做“软g音”age,change, ginger, Egypt, gentle, giraffe, badge特例:forget, give, girl中的g发hard soundx x在单词中间或结尾时发/ks/音box, next, mix, six, foxx在单词中间时有时发/gz/音exit, exam, exactx在单词起始位置时发/z/音xylophone, Xeroxy y在单词起始位置时发音为辅音yes, you, yard, year, yelly在单词或音节中间或结尾时被当做元音y在结尾,单词只有一个音节时y发长/i/音,y在结尾,单词有两个或以上音节时y发长/e/音y在单词或音节中间时,发短/i/音3辅音字母组合辅音字母组合的发音很简单,就是把每个辅音字母的发音连在一起就可以了。
英语-自然拼音拼读练习
自然拼音拼读练习表Aa :mat map bag cat hat fan bat appleEe: egg well red pen net hen bed bellIi: lick six bib pig pin kiss ink hillOo: ox on octopus box sock operate ostrich Uu: sun umbrella cup bus nut gun uncle under a-e:cape name tape lake game make take hate e-e:these Japanese Chinesei-e:bite five nine kite mine nice ride sideo-e: rose nose rope note pose home rode thoseu-e:tube cub e June cute hugeai:tail rain paint pain jail rail nail maiday: bay ray way say hay pay May layee:reeds eel bee peel jeep feet see teethea: sea meat peanut eagle peach tea leaf peaey:donkey monkey jockey turkey monkey hockey key trolley ie: tie pie lie dieigh: right sight night tight hight fight high sighoa: road toast toad coal goat boat coat soapow:rainbow pillow yellow window bowl row hollow lowui:suit juice fruitue: Sue blue glue truear: arm car armchair card cart farm park gardener: sister brother under rooster winter mermaid marker mother ir:birthday circus dirty bird circle dirt girlur: turtle surfing turkey fur hurt purse nurseor:porch pork horse horn fort morning corn forkou: house out mouth count fountain mountain shout mouseow: cow towel clown owl crown brown flower toweroi: coin oil point noise boil soil poison coiloy:oyster boy cowboy soy toyau: august sause sausage naughty autumn applauseaw:paw draw saw straw strawberry lawnoo: moon zoo roof rooster boots food spoon room cool fool boom foolishoo: book cook good foot look hookea:head sweater sweat pear lead bear leather featherch: beach lunch cheese bench church chicken chair cherrysh: sheep shirt ship fish dish push shoes shovelwh:whale white wheel wheat whip whistle wheel chair whisperph: photo elephant telephone trophy pharmacy alphabetth: brother feather leather father motherth: thumb three bathmat thirsty thief bath mouth teethkn:knob knee knife knock knitwr:wrist wrinkle wrap wreath writemb: thumb lamb bomb comb crumb numbbl: blue black blouse bloom bleach blanket blonde hairfl:flat flu fly flame flute floor flag flowerpl: plane play plus planet platform plum plate plantcl: clock cloud clean clay climb close clap clowngl:glove globe glass glue glasses gliderbr:bright brook brim bride brown bread brick brothercr: crown crab cream crow crayon crocodile cry croissantgr: gray green grass grapes ground grow grandmapr:prixe price prawn press prince princess prayfr:frog frost Friday French fries fruit front friend frametr:tractor truck train tray tree triangle trunk trolleydr:dream drum dry drop draw drive dress drinksm: smile small smell smoke smoothsn:snowman snow snore snake snail sneakers sneakers snacksl: slow slap sleep slide slope sledsw:switch swallow swan swim sweet swing sweater sweatsp: spider spaceship spinach spoon spellst :stockings store star stamp storm stick student standsc: scarf scooter scanner scarecrow scale scorpion scoopsk: skunk skis skirt skatesall:call tall fall ball wallew:dew few view hew new nephew newspaperYy: sky fly dry spy type shy cry myYy :Miny sunny puppy dizzy dirty pony happy baby自然拼音强化练习:Tongue twister1. A big black bear sat on a big black bug.2. A big black bug bit a big black dog on his big black nose!3. Cat, Cat, catch that fat rat.4. A fat cat catches a mad rat.5 Blue glue gun, green glue gun.6. Black background, brown background.7. A noisy noise annoys an oyster.8. A good cook can cook good cookies.9. At noon I took a good book,and sat by the pool in the wood.I soon took off my boot.And put my foot in the pool.Oh! How cool, how cool.10. The hunter and his huge horse hide behind in house.11. Betty better butter Brad's bread.12. Two tiny tigers take two taxis to town.13 . The first is the first.The third is the third.The third can be the first,The first can be the third.14. Sir, this girl wearing a dirty skirt is not the first, but the third.15. A flea and a fly flew up in a flue. Said the flea, "Let us fly!" Said the fly, "Let usflee!" So they flew through a flaw in the flue.16. I wish you were a fish in my dish.17. Jean's three sheep are near the green jeep.18. There are thirty -three thousand three hundred and thirty-three feathers on that bird's throat.19. Neither father nor mother likes this weather.20. It’s a goat,sitting in a boat,wearing a coat and writing a note.It’s a bear,sitting on a chair,holding a pear and combing its hair.It’s a cock,sitting on a rock,wearing a sock andlooking at a clock.It’s a fly,wearing a tie,holding a pie and waving good bye.。
自然拼读规则
英语是拼音文字,所有的词汇都是由26个字母拼出来的,而在成千上万的不同拼法中,基本发音因素却只有39-47个,这说明26个字母与基本音素间是有着一定的关联的。
但是,英语是属于比较深奥的拼音文字,也就是说26个字母与基本音素之间没有一对一的对应关系,而是一对多和多对一的复杂关系,这对学习英语词汇的发音和拼写无疑增加了难度。
尽管如此,人们还是总结出了很多发音规律,这些规律对于绝大多数英文词汇都是适用的,这就是自然拼音法。
英文的26个字母,分为元音和辅音,其中元音只有5个,即a,e,i,o,u,其余字母均为辅音。
对于大多数辅音来说,它们的发音是一对一的,而有少数几个辅音字母,每个字母有两个或以上的发音。
字母与发音一一对应的辅音:b -- balld -- dogf -- fishh -- hatj -- jumpk -- kitel -- legm -- mann -- notp -- penq – quickr -- runs -- sunt -- tenv -- vestw -- waterz -- zoo(注意q与u总是连在一起的)有多个发音的辅音:字母发音例词c字母c后面接a,o,u的时候,c的发音与字母k发音相同,叫做“hard c sound”cat, cap, call, coat, cup当字母c后面接e,i,或y的时候,通常c的发音与字母s发音相同,叫做“soft c sound”city, ice, rice, face, cell, cent, voice, pencil, juice有时在e或i前面,c会发/sh/音ocean, racial, socialg字母g后面接a,o,u的时候,所发的音叫做“hard g sound” girl, gas, get, give, go当字母g后面接e,i,或y的时候,有时g的发音与字母j的发音相同,叫做“软g音”age, change, ginger, Egypt, gentle, giraffe, badge特例:forget, give, girl中的g发hard soundx x在单词中间或结尾时发/ks/音box, next, mix, six, foxx在单词中间时有时发/gz/音exit, exam, exactx在单词起始位置时发/z/音xylophone, xeroxy y在单词起始位置时发音为辅音yes, you, yard, year, yelly在单词或音节中间或结尾时被当做元音y在结尾,单词只有一个音节时y发长/i/音,y在结尾,单词有两个或以上音节时y发长/e/音y在单词或音节中间时,发短/i/音小测试:my, cry, fly, sky辅音字母组合辅音字母组合的发音很简单,就是把每个辅音字母的发音连在一起就可以了。
超全的英语自然拼读法规则
英语是拼音文字,所有的辞汇都是由26个字母拼出来的,而在不计其数的分歧拼法中,基本发音因素却只有39-47个,这说明26个字母与基本音素间是有着一定的关联的.字母与发音一一对应的辅音b -- balld -- dogf -- fishh -- hatj -- jumpk -- kitel -- legm -- mann -- notp -- penq – quickr -- runs -- sunt -- tenv -- vestw -- waterz -- zoo(注意q与u总是连在一起的)有多个发音的辅音:字母发音例词c字母c后面接a,o,u的时候,c的发音与字母k发音相同,叫做“hard c sound”cat, cap, call, coat, cup当字母c后面接e,i,或y的时候,通常c的发音与字母s发音相同,叫做“soft c sound”city, ice, rice, face, cell, cent, voice, pencil, juice有时在e或i前面,c会发/sh/音ocean, racial, socialg字母g后面接a,o,u的时候,所发的音叫做“hard g sound” girl, gas, get, give, go当字母g后面接e,i,或y的时候,有时g的发音与字母j的发音相同,叫做“软g音”age, change, ginger, Egypt, gentle, giraffe, badge特例:forget, give, girl中的g发hard soundx x在单词中间或结尾时发/ks/音box, next, mix, six, fox x在单词中间时有时发/gz/音exit, exam,exact x在单词起始位置时发/z/音xylophone, Xeroxy y在单词起始位置时发音为辅音yes, you, yard, year, yell y在单词或音节中间或结尾时被当作元音 y在结尾,单词只有一个音节时y发长/i/音, y在结尾,单词有两个或以上音节时y发长/e/音 y在单词或音节中间时,发短/i/音辅音字母组合辅音字母组合的发音很简单,就是把每个辅音字母的发音连在一起就可以了.之所以要把它们独自列出来,一个重要的原因就是,每个辅音字母组合是作为一个整体来看待的,在划分音节的时候是不能把这些辅音字母组合分开的.音节的划分对一个单词的读音至关重要,我们所学的自然拼音法发音规律,其实都是针对单个音节的,对多音节的单词来说,要先把单词划分为一个一个的音节,然后再对每个音节应用自然拼音法发音规律.音节的划分规律在后面我们会讲述,目前只需要熟记这些字母组合,以备后用.字母组合例词:带有l的字母组合bl black, blame, bless, blue, blastcl --clock, class, clap, clue, closefl --flag, fly, flat, flash, flowergl --glass, glad, glide, glue,globepl --plate, plane, place, plus, plansl --sled, sleep, slow, slide, slim带有r的字母组合br --bridge, break, brave, brown, breadcr --crab, crack, crop, crown,creekdr --dress, drag, drink, drive, dropfr --frog, fresh, free, from, frontgr --grape, grade, grass, grin,gruntpr --press, pride, price, print, prooftr --truck, track, true, train, tree带有s的字母组合sc --scale, scar, score, scare, scuffsk --skate, skip, skill, skull,skinsm --smoke, smile, smog, smell, smearsn --snake, snap, snore, snow, snugsp --spoon, spin, spot, spell,sportst --stop, stack, stay, step, stillsw --swim, swell,swing, sweet, swifttw --twig, tweet, twist, twin, twine三字母组合shr --shrink, shred, shrill, shrimp,shrubspl --splash, split, splice, splint,splurgespr --spread, spring, spree, sprain,spraysqu --square, squad, squirrel, squat,squeakstr --string, strip, straw, stream,streetthr --throw, three, throne, thrift, thrill在结尾的字母组合ck(只发一个/k/音) --duck, pack, quick, luck, rockld --cold, gold, held, mild, baldlk --milk, silk, elk, sulk, skulkmp --lamp, damp, champ, hump, dumpnch --inch, ranch, lunch, bench, crunchnd --hand, kind, bend, stand, mindng(这个音比力特别,是舌头抵住上颚后方所发出的鼻音)--ring, long, sing, wing, lungnk --sink, bank, trunk, pink, inknt --tent, ant, hunt, sent, mintsh --fish, rash, brush, wish, trashst --vest, last, test, list, lost复合字母构成的单音简单的说,consonant digraph就是两个(或三个)辅音字母在一起只发一个音,通常指以下四种组合:ch(tch),sh,wh和th.ch和sh的发音有点类似中文“吃”和“湿”发音的前半部份,比如下列例词:chair,check,shoe,shop.wh的发音可能会比力令人混淆,分歧的历史时期,分歧处所的人wh 的发音会有一些分歧.但现在在美式发音里,公认的说法是,一般来说wh与/w/发音相同,但在o前面发/h/音,比如when,what,whale,who,whole.th的发音则需要一些记忆力了,在下面这些经常使用词里,th发浊音(舌尖在上下牙齿中间,声带需要振动,声音从牙齿和舌头之间的缝隙里出来):they, them-, their, theirs, the, this, that, these, those, then-,than, though, thus, there-(注意,如果一个单词后面带有小横线,就是指以这个单词开始的所有单词,比如there-包括there,therefore,thereafter等).其它以th开始的单词基本上都发清音(舌尖在上下牙齿中间,声音从牙齿和舌头之间的缝隙里出来,可是声带不振动),比如think,thank,thirty 等.不发音的辅音字母(Silent Consonants)在有些辅音字母组合中,其中一个字母是不发音的,该组合所发的音与发音的那个辅音字母所发音相同.下面列出了这些组合:字母组合不发音字母例词gh h ghost, ghetto, ghastlygn g gnat, gnarl, gnaw, gnome, signkn k knife, knit, know, knock, kneemb b comb, lamb, thumb, dumb, climbpn p pneumoniaps p psalm, psychic, psychologyrh h rhinoceros, rhyme,rhythmsc c scissors, scent, scene, scenery,scenariowr w wrong, wrist, wrap, wretch,wrenchgh gh light, high, eight, sigh, night元音概述英语里元音的发音比力复杂,每个元音都可以发多个音,掌握了元音的发音规律才华对整个单词的发音有比力准确的掌握.元音概述(The Basics About Vowels)常说的元音字母有五个:a,e,i,o,u,另外y在一个单词的中间或结尾时也被当作元音.每个单词里都包括有至少一个元音.每个单词的每个音节里都包括有至少一个元音.元音是单词的“最强音”.元音所发的音取决于该元音在单词中的位置或它是如何与其它元音组合的.一般来说,除以下几种情况外,元音都发短音:1. 该元音是元音字母组合的一部份2. 该元音后面有字母r3. 该元音在一个单词或重读音节的结尾4. 单词以字母e结尾5. 该元音是元音规则的特例短元音短元音例词A a-------------- ant, and, cat, fast, mapE e-------------- egg, net, let, bed, tentI i---------------- inch, bit, stick, pin, pigO o-------------- ox, hot, top, not, gotUu-------------- up, bus, sum, cup, mudY y(在单词中部,发短i音)------------pyramid, lynx, typical, bicycle, symbol长元音如果一个单词以字母e结尾,前面的元音发长音(magic e).如果一个元音是在一个单词或重读音节的结尾,该元音也发长音,所谓长音就是该元音字母的名字,如A的长音发音为/ei/.当一个单词或音节里只有一个元音时,该元音发短音,而当这个单词或音节后面加上字母e,刚才的元音就发长音了,而字母e只起到让前面的元音发长音的作用,自己是不发音的.例如:can,其中的a发短音,如果结尾加上e,酿成cane,元音a就发长音了,而e不发音,我们管字母e叫做magic e.下面的例词都是属于这类的:game, safe, make, gate, whalePete, complete, athletenine, side, mile, kite, nicenote, rose, globe, those, bonecube, rule, June, mute, dune (注意元音u的长音听上去有两种,一种就是字母u的名字,另一种则类似汉语拼音u的发音,因为有些辅音与u在一起发不出字母u的音,就以汉语拼音u的音来取代,比如rule.)当元音在单词或重读音节结尾时,该元音发长音,例如:paper, be, she, legal, fiber, piano, open, future, human等等注意Y在单词的结尾时被看成元音来使用,当单词只有一个音节时,Y与元音I的长音发音相同,例如:cry, try, by, my.当单词有两个或以上音节时,Y在单词结尾与元音E的长音发音相同,例如:puppy, baby, candy, city, sorry等.上节讲到,当一个单词或音节里只有一个元音时,该元音发短音,而当这个单词或音节后面加上字母e,刚才的元音就发长音了,而字母e只起到让前面的元音发长音的作用,自己是不发音的.这个规律可以扩展到复合元音字母的情况,当一个单词或音节里有两个元音时,通常第一个元音发长音,第二个元音不发音.例如:ai, ay 发长A音,如sail, fail, day, say等.ea, ee, 发长E 音,如 meal, tea, need, feed等.ie 发长I音,如 tie, lie, pie 等.oa, oe 发长O音,如 load, coat, toe等.ue, ui 发长U音,如glue, blue, fruit等.可是,有一些不规则情况使得phonics的规则变得复杂起来,这也正是学习英语单词有挑战性的处所.在一些特殊情况下,单词里只有一个元音的时候,该元音是发长音的,如:i后面接gh, gn, ld, 或nd时,i发长音,如sign, high, child, kind等.o后面接ld, st时,o有时发长音,如cold, gold, most, host等,但接st时有时还是发短音的,如lost, cost.有些复合元音字母也不遵循上述长音规律,见下表:字母组合所发音例词ea 短e head, bread, heavy, dead, readyei 长a eight, veil, neigh, weight, freightoo 长u(类似汉语拼音的u) moon, zoo, school, pool, tooloo 短u(类似汉语拼音的u) book, look, wood, foot, cookieeu 长u euro, feud, eulogy, sleuth, pneumoniaew 长u chew, new, few, stew, blewie 长e yield, chief, relief, believe, puppiesey 长e monkey, money, honey, hockey, volley 学习phonics,除要熟记各种规则外,还应多读,多练,才华把各种不规则发音牢记在心,灵活运用.双元音双元音Diphthong与上节所述的复合元音字母构成的单音(digraph)的区别在于,diphthong是两个元音在一起所发的音是两个元音音素组合在一起的,所以听上去有两个音,尽管这两个音其实不是两个元音所独自发出的,而digraph是两个元音在一起,可是只发一个单音.把什么元音组合划归为双元音有着分歧的说法,一般来说下面两种发音肯定是双元音:1、 oi, oy组合,把O 和I 的短音组合在一起连贯发出来,比如coin, voice, toy, boy等.2、 ou, ow组合,发音时先发类似汉语拼音ao的音,然后末尾再加上急促的类似汉语拼音u的音,例如house, found, owl, now等.带有r的元音(R-controlled Vowels)元音字母与r结合起来,会发全新的音,如下:组合所发音例词ar字母r的名字 car, marble, far, large, partyor/or/ fork, or, for, core, more, pork/er/ worm, word, world, doctor, neighborer, ir, ur /er/nurse, girl, ever, sir, purple特殊元音(Special Vowel Sounds)字母或组合所发音例词aw paw, law, raw, saw, dawnall ball, call, fall, mall, tallau haul, taught, caught, sauceou cough, bought, brought, thoughto(后面接ng的时候)song, long,strong, wrong“broad sound”,比短o音嘴型要小,发音时间长a, e, i, o, u 非重读音(schwa sound),当一个元音在非重读音节里时,有时会发此类音,非常类似汉语拼音里的e,但发音很轻. about, elephant, banana, machine, confusece, ci, si, ti 在同一个音节里这些字母组合后面接另外一个元音时,发/sh/音ocean, special, mission, nation, delicious, magicianio 后面接字母n时,i发y音onion, billion, opinion, stallion英语单词自然发音二十八条拼读规则1.字母q总是与u在一起,读做/kw/, 此处u不作元音.2.字母c在字母e, y, i前读做/s/ (cent, city, cycle), 其他字母前读做/k/(cut, cap, cop).3.字母e, i, y之前的字母g可以读做/j/(page, giant, gym), 其中字母e, i之前的g也可以不读做/j/(get, girl, give); 其它字母之前的g读做/g/(gate, go, gust).4.元音a, e, o, u在音节结尾(开音节)一般读做字母音(长音a, e, o, u), 有助于学生正确划分并拼读元音字母+辅音字母+元音字母的不熟悉单词(re port…rather than rep ort).5.字母i和y经常读做/i/(big, gym), 可是也可读做I(silent, my, type).6.一个英语单词用字母y而不是i的结尾(my, by).7.有五种情况末尾的字母e不发音.(如me, she, 和he 的短单词末尾的字母e读做e, 较长的单词末尾的e不发音)尾字母e不发音应该被认为是”having a job” (承当一项工作)7.1 bake gene time/type code cute 使他前面的元音字母发字母音..7.2 love give blue true 使我们不要以一个v和一个u结束一个单词.7.3 chance bodice charge allege 使g和c读软音/j/和/s/.7.4 lit tle cas tle bot tle dab ble fid dle 防止一个音节没有一个元音字母.7.5 are nurse raise bye ewe owe cause 这一条被Spalding 女士叫做无工作尾字母e; Sanseri女士叫做老工作尾字母e, 并说前四条之外的不发音尾字母e都叫做老工作尾字母e.7.5.1 使一个不是复数形式的单词不要以s结尾(dense而不是dens, purse不是purs, false 不是fals).7.5.2 加长短的主意词(main-idea), 如awe, ewe, rye7.5.3 区分同音异形词的含义. 如or/ore for/fore.7.5.4 中英语和外来语中(那里的尾字母e是要发音的)留下来的, 现在不发音. 如treatise giraffe8.有五种字母组合发/er/的音/, 记住下面的句子.Her nurse first works early. 这个句子是按英语用法中的降序排列的.另外,or在w后业可以发/er/的音. 还要记住有些词尾的ar 和or也发/er/的音.如dollar, doctor.9. 1-1-1规则: 单音节单词中, 结尾是单位音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变动时, 需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变动.(如hop---hop ped). 可是词尾是x除外, 因为它由两个音/ks/.10. 2-1-1规则: 双音节词中, 结尾是单位音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变动时, 需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变动(be gin--- be gin + ning). 第二个音节不重读的不能双写末尾辅音字母(en ter, prof it, bud get).11. 去e规则, 以不发音的e结尾的单词在添加以元音开始的词尾变动是需要去失落末尾不发音的e.(come----coming)12. 是ie还是ei? 一般情况下, 应该是ie, 可是1) c之后用ei; 2)发字母a的音时, 用ei(neighbor, weigh, vein). 还有下面的例外情形Neither foreign sovereign seized counterfeit forfeited leisure. Plus: either weird protein heifer:13. 音素sh用在一个基本词的开头或是结尾(she,dish), 还用在一个音节的结尾(fin ish), 但绝对不会在后一个音节的开头, 除非是以ship结尾(wor ship, friend ship).14. 音素si, ti, ci最经常使用在一个基本词的第二及以后的开头, 发音/sh/. 经常可以通过考察词根和根词来确定发/sh/时用什么样的音素.比如infect to in fec tious / collect to col lec tion / potent to po ten tialmusic to mu si cian / space to spa cious / finance to fi nan cialsoci (companion) to so cial / ancien (old) to an cient cruc (cross) to cru cial / speci (kind) to spe cial15. 音素si在前一个音节以s结尾时(ses sion)发/sh/, 一个基本词经过词尾变动后只有一个s(tense---tension), 其中的音素si发/sh/.discuss to dis cus sion / compress to com pres sion / admis to ad mis sion16. 音素si可以发/zh/, 如vi sion, di vi sion, oc ca sion, ex plo sion.17. 只有一个元音的单音节词,经常双写词尾的l, s, f. 比如will, off, miss. 有时双音节词也用到这条规则, 如re cess18. 词尾为长音a时, 经常使用ay在词尾而不是a. (bay, day, decay)19. 元音i和o后面有两个辅音时,常发长音. (find, old)20. s从不在x后, 音素x包括一个/s/音, /ks/.21. 去L规则1: all独自呈现有两个l, 但在前缀中只有一个l.(al most, al so, al though).22. 去L规则2: till和full独自呈现有两个l, 作后缀只有一个l. (un til, plen ti ful).23. 音素dge只用在单位音后面,而且这个元音发短音(badge, edge, bridge, lodge, budge).24. Y变I规则: 进行词尾变动时, 词尾是一个辅音字母+y, 要变y为i. 下列两种情况驻外(1)加-ing, (2)变后会引起音节分裂.city/cit ies beauty/beau ti ful play/player funny/fun ni estmultiply/mul ti ply ing rely/re li able cry/crieddeny/denied25. 音素ck只用在单位音后, 而且这个元音发短音(back, neck, lick, rock, duck).26. 字母开头的z永远发/z/, 不会发/s/.27. 音素ed有三个音, 基本词以/t/和/d/音结尾, ed发/ed/(divide---divided, heat---heated); 基本词以浊辅音结尾的, ed发/d/( lived), 以清辅音结尾的发/t/(stopped)28. 单词经常(always)在双辅音间分音节[但要注意不要把辅音字母组合分开(如ma the ma tic)], 重读音节的辅音才发音, 非重读音节的辅音不发音lit tle.。
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英语语音基础表1.音节:(1)单音节是由一个元音(或再加上前后的辅音)构成。
如:make face my I Mike.(2)双音节是由两个元音(或再加上前后的辅音)构成。
如:hour answer.(3)多音节是由三个或三个以上的音节构成。
如:exercise.(4)开音节:元音字母后面没有辅音字母时,为绝对开音节;"元音字母+辅音字母(r除外)+不发音的e"时,为相对开音节。
如:绝对开音节no 相对开音节note.(5)闭音节:元音字母后面有辅音字母。
如:not desk on.2.音节的划分:(1)在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅音字母时(除r和字母组合外),一个属于前面,另一个属于后面。
如:let-ter ap-ple.(2)两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅音字母时(除r和字母组合外),如果前面是开音节,则该辅音字母属于后面;如果前面是闭音节,则该辅音字母属于前面。
如:stu-dent stud-y.(3)在两个音节相邻处有字母r时:①相邻处是rr时,一个r属于前面,另一个r属于后面,前边按重读闭音节规律发音。
如:mar-ry.②相邻处是"元音字母+r+其他辅音字母"时,r属于前面,前边按重读-r音节规律发音。
如:far-ther.③相邻处是"元音字母+r+元音字母"时,r属于前面。
如:dur-ing.④有字母组合的词在划分音节时,要保持字母组合的完整。
如:daugh-ter.3.26个英文字母在单词中常发的音:a [a]b [b]c [k]d [d]e [e]f [f]g [g]h [h]i [i]j [dʒ]k [k]l [l]m [m]n [n]o [ɔ]p [p]q [k] qu[kw]r [r]s [s]t [t]u [ʌ]v [v]w [w] x[ks] y [j] z [z]a_e e_e i_e o_e u_e [ei] [i:] [ai] [əu] [ju:]4.基本字母组合发音:an [æn] can ran pan fanat [æt] cat hat rat baten [en] hen ten pen menet [et] net pet wet jetig [ig] big dig pig wigip [ip] sip dip rip zipot [ɔt] hot cot pot dotog [ɔg] frog fog log dogug [ʌg] rug bug hug mugink [iŋk] drink pink sink wink5.元音字母和元音字母组合在非重读音节中的读音:a e i o u [ə[əaaw[au [ɔ:]au[ɔ:] August sauce sausage naughty autumn applause because astronautau[a:] aunt laughaugh [ɔ:]augh[ɔ:] daughterair/aer [eə]air/aer[eə] hair aeroplane aerialal [ɔ:]al[ɔ:] talk call tall fall ball wall alsoal[a:] half palm (al+f或m时,读[a:])e的字母组合:ee [i:]ee[i:] reeds eel bee peel jeep feet see teeth street beef week agree green needea [i:]/[e]ea[i:] sea meat peanut clean peach tea leaf pea cream eat please teacherea[e] head sweater sweat pear lead bear leather feather weather heavy breakfastea[ei] greatea[iə] really ideaey [i:]/[ei]ey[i:] donkey money jockey turkey monkey hockey keyey[ei] greyear [iə]/[eə]ear[iə] hear near beard dear yearear[eə] bear wear pearear[a:] heartear[ə:] learn early (ear+辅音时,ear读[ə:])eer [iə]eer[iə] deer beerei/eigh [ei]ei/eigh[ei] veil eightei/eigh[ai] height neither eitherei[i:] receive (c+ei时,ei常读[i:])eu/ew/iew [ju:]eu/ew/iew[ju:] neutral deuce new view review fewnephew dew hew newspapereir [eə]eir[eə] their theirseo [i:]eo[i:] peoplei的字母组合:ie [ai]ie[ai] tie pie lie dieie[i:] thief belief believeie[e] friendlyie[aiə] quiet scienceia/io [aiə]ia/io[aiə] dialogue pioneer diary lionig/igh [ai]ig/igh[ai] right sight night tight light sign fight higho的字母组合:oa [əu]oa[əu] road toast toad coal goat boat coat soap coachow [əu]/[au]ow[əu] rainbow pillow yellow window bowl row hollow low follow show know snowow[au] cow towel clown owl crown brown flower tower how crowded down nowou [au]ou[au] house out mouth count fountain mountain shout mouse found sound aroundou[ʌ] country youngou[u:] group soup you throughou[əu] though shoulder althoughoi [ɔi]oi[ɔi] coin oil point noise boil soil poison coil join voiceoy [ɔi]oy[ɔi] boy oyster toy cowboy soy enjoyoo [u:]oo[u:] moon zoo roof rooster boots food spoon room cool pool noodle school soon toooo[u] book woods cookie wool foot cook hook look goodour [ɔ:]/[auə]our[ɔ:]/[auə] four our yourour[uə] tourour[ə:] journeyowe/ower [auə]owe/ower[auə] towel floweroor/oar [ɔ:]oor/oar[ɔ:] door boardoor[uə] poorough [ɔ:]ough[ɔ:] ought thoughtoul [u]oul[u] should would couldu的字母组合:ui [u:]/[ju:]ui[u:] suit juice fruitui[ju:] suitcaseue [u:]/[e]ue[u:] Sue blue glueue[e] guess guestuy [ai]uy[ai] buy guyture [tʃə]ture[tʃə] futurey的字母组合:yy[ai] sky fly dry spy type shy cry my byy[i] rainy sunny puppy dizzy dirty pony happy baby physicsy[j] yes yard (词首的y用作辅音字母时,读[j])yr [ə:]yr[ə:] myrtleyre [aiə]yre[aiə] tyre byre"元音字母+re"字母组合(a/e/i/o/u+re)are [eə]are[eə] care dare rare hare prepare squareare[a:] areere [iə]/[eə]ere[iə] here mere severeere[eə] there whereireire[aiə] fire wire tire entireoreore[ɔ:] more fore core before storeure [juə]/[uə]ure[juə] cure pure endureure[uə] sure"元音字母+r"字母组合(a/e/i/o/u+r)ar [ar]ar[ar] arm car armchair card cart farm park garden market smart hard art star startar[ɔ:] warm quarterer [ə:]er[ə(:)] sister brother under rooster winter mermaid marker mother person her other cleverir [ə:]ir[ə:] birthday circus dirty bird circle dirt girl sir birth firstor [ɔr]or[ɔr] porch pork horse horn fort morning corn fork report short sport story corneror[ə(:)] world work doctor actor wordur [ər]ur[ər] turtle surfing turkey fur hurt purse nurse辅音字母组合发音规则ch [ tʃ]/[ k ]/[ ʃ]ch[tʃ] beach lunch cheese bench church chicken chair cherry cheapch[k] school chemistrych[ʃ] machinetch [ tʃ]tch[tʃ] watch catchsh [ ʃ]sh[ʃ] sheep shirt ship fish dish push shoes shovel wh [w]/[h]wh[w] whale white wheel wheat whip whistlewheelchair whisperwh[h] whose whoph [ f ]ph[f] photo elephant telephone trophy pharmacy alphabet geography dolphingu [g]/[gw]gu[g] guess guestgu[gw] languagegn [n]gn[n] sign foreignng [ŋg]ng[ŋg] hungry language penguingh [ f ]gh[f] laugh-ge [dʒ]-ge[dʒ] cabbage bridge porridgeck [k]ck[k] back rocknc/nk [ŋk]nc/nk[ŋk] uncle bank drinkth [ð]/[θ]th[ð] brother feather leather father motherth[θ] thin through nothing bothkn [n]kn[n] knob knee knife knock knit knowwr [r]wr[r] wrist wrinkle wrap wreath write wrong mb [m]mb[m] thumb lamb bomb comb crumb numb mn [m]mn[m] autumnqu [kw]qu[kw] quiet questionss [s]ss[s] glasses grass discusstw [tw]tw[tw] twentythr [θr]thr[θr] throughtr [tr]tr[tr] tractor truck train tray tree triangle trunk trolley trip trumpetdr [dr]dr[dr] dream drum dry drop draw drinkbl[bl] blue black blocks blouse bloom bleach blanketfl[fl] flat flu fly flame flute floor flag flower pl[pl] plane play plus planet platform plum platecl[kl] clock cloud clean clay climb close clapgl[gl] glass glove globe glue glasses glidercr[kr] crown crab cream crow crayon crygr[gr] gray green grass grapes ground growpr[pr] prize price prawn press prince princess pray br[br] bright brook brim bride brown bread brick brotherfr[fr] frog frost Friday French fries fruit front friend framesm[sm] smile small smell smoke smoothsn[sn] snowman snow snore snake snailsneakers sneeze snacksl[sl] slow slap sleep slide slope sledsw[sw] switch swallow swan swim sweet swing sweater sweatsp[sb] spider spaceship spinach spoon spellst[sd] stockings store star stamp storm stick student standsc[sg] scarf scooter scanner scarecrow scale scorpion scoopsk[sg] skunk skis skirt skates-ble[bl] terrible table able-dle[dl] noodle needle-(p)ple[pl] people apple-(t)tle[tl] little turtle-stle[sl] whistle-cil[sl] pencil-(s)son[sn] person lesson-sin[sn] basin-son[zn] reason season-fin[fn] muffin coffin-ften[fn] often-ven[vn] oven seven-(s)sion[ʃən] expression-tion [ ʃən ]/[ tʃən ]-tion[ʃən] nation information situation-tion[tʃən] question suggestion-ture[tʃə] future picture-sion[ʒən] decision conclusion-ing[iŋ] sitting playing standing during following。