语法 英语词性分类及用法
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knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life--lives thief---thieves;
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse--mice man---men woman---women
数 单数
复数
人称 一 二 三
一二 三
形物 my your his/her/ our your their its
名 物 mine yours his/hers ours yours theirs /its
通常,形容词性物主代词相当形容词的用法, 应该位于名词的前面;名词性物主代词相当 于形容词性物主代词+名词,之后不接名词。
afraid, asleep 等。例如:
The old man is alone. 2. 形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词,要放在这些词的后面。
You’d better tell us something
interesting.
1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直 接加s变复数: 如:two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---
holidays 2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时: a. 加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos; b. 加es,如:potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoes 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数; 去f, fe 加-ves,如:half---halves
names are Lucouy rand Lily.
we
8. Thetsheeamre _______(我们的) shoes. Can ______(我们)
wear ______y(o它u们).
your
9.ThHanek _______ for ___h_e__r_(你的) help. she
and和 but但是
Hello喂 why呃,嘿
1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:apple 2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family
(以上两类属于可数名词) 3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air 4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概 念, 如:work ,happiness
10. ____h__im_(他) loves _______(她), and _______(她)
lovesI_______(他),too. you
you
11. _____m__e(我) love _________(你), and ________(你)
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
用来表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词称为形
Eg. I like his car.
Our school is here and theirs is there.
This is your picture. And that is mine.
单数
this that
复数
these those
Eg. That is a good idea. I love those book in blue. These people are my friends.
放在助动词,be动词之后,实义动词之前
We have already read the book.
1、 时间和频度副词: now, then, often, always, usually, early, today, lately, next, last, already, generally, frequently, seldom, ever, never, yet, soon, too, immediately, hardly, finally, before, ago, sometimes, yesterday.
指的人或事物
动词
Verb (v.)
表示人或事物的动作或状态
eat吃 have有
介
词 Preposition (prep.) 用在名词、代词等前面,说明 under在。。。。。。下
句子中词与词之间的关系
in在。。。。。。里
连
词 Conjunction (conj.) 用来连接词、短语或句子
感 叹 词 Interjection (interj.) 表示说话时的感情或口气
第一人称 第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself yourself
himself herself itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
六、 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定 代词。常见的不定代词有all,both,each, every等,以及含有some-,any-,every-, no-加上body,one,thing的合成代词,如 anybody, something,no one。
What are you? Who is his coat? Whose bag is this? Which do you prefer? The blue one or
the white one? Could you tell me what is his name? Mother asked which one I wanted.
The Times is published daily. 二. 用形容词表示类别和整体 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数
连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor, the blind,the hungry 三. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) -出处--材料性质,类别--名词 a small round table;a tall gray building;a dirty old brown shirt;a famous German medical school
词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功 用,可以分十个大类。
词类
名词 代词 数词 形容词 副词
英语名称 Noun(缩写为n.)
Pronoun (pron.) Numeral (num.) Adjective(adj.) Adverb (adv.)
作用 表示人或事物的名称
用来代替名词、形容词或数词 等 表示数量或顺序
8. Would you like some tomatoes ? (tomato)
9. Look at those people in the boats! (people)
10. Look! The women are singing. (woman)
11. September 10th is Teachers’
5. I like this picture. Please give _it_______(它) me to_____(我). their
6. Peopmleeget ________(他们的) froTmh_e_y_______(我).
money
Their
7._______(他们) are new students. _______(他们的)
woman--women
goose--geese
deer
sheep
根据所给单词的正确形式填空:
1. Different people may have different _id_e_a_s_. (idea)
2. I often go to work on foot
. (foot)
3. I know one of the boys . (boy)
Day. (teacher)
12. Jim has someknives. (knife)
13. How much are thesevegetables ? (vegetable)
14. My school is twenty _m_i_n_u_t_e_s’_ walk from here. (minute) 15. The girl under the tree is a friend of_L_u_c_y_’_s__. (Lucy)
容词。
作用
例
句
定 语 You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden. 表 语 Your coat is too small.
宾语补足 The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy. 语
注意:1.有些形容词只能作表语,如:alone,
一. 以-ly结尾的形容词 1)friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,
ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。 2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。daily,weekly,
monthly,yearly,early The Times is a daily paper.
4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of glasses . (glass)
5. Please give them their photos . (photo)
6. Are there any watches in the box? (watch)
7. There are twelve months in a year. (month)
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、 介词、连 词等单词或短语,以说明动作性质或状态的特征的 词
一、副词的位置
1. 在许多情况下,副词都放在所修饰的动词后 面或句末。
The girl dances very well. 2.有时也放在主语后面,谓语动词前面(对动
作加以强调)。
He angrily closed the door. 3.句中的副词如碰上助动词,be动词,则通常
2)单复同形如: deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese
找规律
flower watches
flowers factory-factories
boxes
leaf -- leaves
找规律
heroes tomatoes
potatoes
不规则变化
man--men
child--children
me
you
you
they Him her it
复数 宾格 us you
them
通常,主格作主语,宾格作宾语 通常,当单数的主格作主语时,谓语动词用单数;
复数的的主格作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
Eg. He is my friend. It‘s me. They are from China. She lent me a book. I love it. Are you interested in them?
代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具 有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按 其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代 词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互 代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。
数 格
单数 主格
第一人称 I 第二人称 you
he
she 第三人称 it
复数 主格
单数 宾格
we
You
1._I_____(我) am a worker. _______(你) are a doctor.
__S_h__e__(她) is a teacher.
2.This is__h__is_ (他的 )shirt.
3. This is ___m__y_____(我的)pen.
4.__T__h_e_i_r__(他们的) trousers are there.
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
加 -s
以s, sh, ch, x 加 -es 等结尾的词
map-maps bag-bags car-cars
bus-buses watch-watches
ce, se, ze,
加 -s
(d)ge等结尾
的词
license-licenses
以辅音字母+y 变y 为i再加es baby---babies 结尾的词
用来修饰名词,表示人或事物 的特性、性质 用来修饰动词、形容词或其他 副词,表示动作或形状的特性
例词
party政党 China中国
He他 that那
one一 first第一
safe安全 great伟大
hard艰苦 here这里
冠
词
Article (art.)
用在名词前,帮助说明名词所 an,a,the
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse--mice man---men woman---women
数 单数
复数
人称 一 二 三
一二 三
形物 my your his/her/ our your their its
名 物 mine yours his/hers ours yours theirs /its
通常,形容词性物主代词相当形容词的用法, 应该位于名词的前面;名词性物主代词相当 于形容词性物主代词+名词,之后不接名词。
afraid, asleep 等。例如:
The old man is alone. 2. 形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词,要放在这些词的后面。
You’d better tell us something
interesting.
1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直 接加s变复数: 如:two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---
holidays 2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时: a. 加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos; b. 加es,如:potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoes 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数; 去f, fe 加-ves,如:half---halves
names are Lucouy rand Lily.
we
8. Thetsheeamre _______(我们的) shoes. Can ______(我们)
wear ______y(o它u们).
your
9.ThHanek _______ for ___h_e__r_(你的) help. she
and和 but但是
Hello喂 why呃,嘿
1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:apple 2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family
(以上两类属于可数名词) 3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air 4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概 念, 如:work ,happiness
10. ____h__im_(他) loves _______(她), and _______(她)
lovesI_______(他),too. you
you
11. _____m__e(我) love _________(你), and ________(你)
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
用来表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词称为形
Eg. I like his car.
Our school is here and theirs is there.
This is your picture. And that is mine.
单数
this that
复数
these those
Eg. That is a good idea. I love those book in blue. These people are my friends.
放在助动词,be动词之后,实义动词之前
We have already read the book.
1、 时间和频度副词: now, then, often, always, usually, early, today, lately, next, last, already, generally, frequently, seldom, ever, never, yet, soon, too, immediately, hardly, finally, before, ago, sometimes, yesterday.
指的人或事物
动词
Verb (v.)
表示人或事物的动作或状态
eat吃 have有
介
词 Preposition (prep.) 用在名词、代词等前面,说明 under在。。。。。。下
句子中词与词之间的关系
in在。。。。。。里
连
词 Conjunction (conj.) 用来连接词、短语或句子
感 叹 词 Interjection (interj.) 表示说话时的感情或口气
第一人称 第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself yourself
himself herself itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
六、 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定 代词。常见的不定代词有all,both,each, every等,以及含有some-,any-,every-, no-加上body,one,thing的合成代词,如 anybody, something,no one。
What are you? Who is his coat? Whose bag is this? Which do you prefer? The blue one or
the white one? Could you tell me what is his name? Mother asked which one I wanted.
The Times is published daily. 二. 用形容词表示类别和整体 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数
连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor, the blind,the hungry 三. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) -出处--材料性质,类别--名词 a small round table;a tall gray building;a dirty old brown shirt;a famous German medical school
词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功 用,可以分十个大类。
词类
名词 代词 数词 形容词 副词
英语名称 Noun(缩写为n.)
Pronoun (pron.) Numeral (num.) Adjective(adj.) Adverb (adv.)
作用 表示人或事物的名称
用来代替名词、形容词或数词 等 表示数量或顺序
8. Would you like some tomatoes ? (tomato)
9. Look at those people in the boats! (people)
10. Look! The women are singing. (woman)
11. September 10th is Teachers’
5. I like this picture. Please give _it_______(它) me to_____(我). their
6. Peopmleeget ________(他们的) froTmh_e_y_______(我).
money
Their
7._______(他们) are new students. _______(他们的)
woman--women
goose--geese
deer
sheep
根据所给单词的正确形式填空:
1. Different people may have different _id_e_a_s_. (idea)
2. I often go to work on foot
. (foot)
3. I know one of the boys . (boy)
Day. (teacher)
12. Jim has someknives. (knife)
13. How much are thesevegetables ? (vegetable)
14. My school is twenty _m_i_n_u_t_e_s’_ walk from here. (minute) 15. The girl under the tree is a friend of_L_u_c_y_’_s__. (Lucy)
容词。
作用
例
句
定 语 You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden. 表 语 Your coat is too small.
宾语补足 The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy. 语
注意:1.有些形容词只能作表语,如:alone,
一. 以-ly结尾的形容词 1)friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,
ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。 2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。daily,weekly,
monthly,yearly,early The Times is a daily paper.
4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of glasses . (glass)
5. Please give them their photos . (photo)
6. Are there any watches in the box? (watch)
7. There are twelve months in a year. (month)
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、 介词、连 词等单词或短语,以说明动作性质或状态的特征的 词
一、副词的位置
1. 在许多情况下,副词都放在所修饰的动词后 面或句末。
The girl dances very well. 2.有时也放在主语后面,谓语动词前面(对动
作加以强调)。
He angrily closed the door. 3.句中的副词如碰上助动词,be动词,则通常
2)单复同形如: deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese
找规律
flower watches
flowers factory-factories
boxes
leaf -- leaves
找规律
heroes tomatoes
potatoes
不规则变化
man--men
child--children
me
you
you
they Him her it
复数 宾格 us you
them
通常,主格作主语,宾格作宾语 通常,当单数的主格作主语时,谓语动词用单数;
复数的的主格作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
Eg. He is my friend. It‘s me. They are from China. She lent me a book. I love it. Are you interested in them?
代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具 有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按 其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代 词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互 代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。
数 格
单数 主格
第一人称 I 第二人称 you
he
she 第三人称 it
复数 主格
单数 宾格
we
You
1._I_____(我) am a worker. _______(你) are a doctor.
__S_h__e__(她) is a teacher.
2.This is__h__is_ (他的 )shirt.
3. This is ___m__y_____(我的)pen.
4.__T__h_e_i_r__(他们的) trousers are there.
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
加 -s
以s, sh, ch, x 加 -es 等结尾的词
map-maps bag-bags car-cars
bus-buses watch-watches
ce, se, ze,
加 -s
(d)ge等结尾
的词
license-licenses
以辅音字母+y 变y 为i再加es baby---babies 结尾的词
用来修饰名词,表示人或事物 的特性、性质 用来修饰动词、形容词或其他 副词,表示动作或形状的特性
例词
party政党 China中国
He他 that那
one一 first第一
safe安全 great伟大
hard艰苦 here这里
冠
词
Article (art.)
用在名词前,帮助说明名词所 an,a,the