插入语的类型及其用法
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插入语的类型及其用法
插入语是一种附加成分,往往被人们所忽视。但它富于表现力,能使语言丰富多彩,准确鲜明。插入语的位置也较灵活,可以置于句首、句中或句末。下面就其类型和用法谈谈自己的粗浅认识。
一、根据插入语的构成形式可分为8种类型,举例说明如下:
1.“主语+及物动词”型:I think(suppose)我想,我认为;I believe我相信;I guess我猜;I hope我希望;You know你知道;You see你瞧,你明白;I wonder我想知道。如:
This,I think,is a good way to learn English.我想这是学习英语的好办法。
It belongs to me,you know.你要明白,这是我的。
2.介词短语型:in fact事实上;to one’s surprise(sorrow,amazement,joy)使人感到惊奇(悲伤、惊愕、高兴)的是;by the way顺便提一下;in other words换句话说。如:
To her surprise.she found herself in a different world.使她吃惊的是,她发现自己处在另一个世界。
By the way,have you seen the film Romance of the Three Kingdoms?顺便问一下,你看过《三国演义》这部影片吗?
3.形容词引起的短语:sure enough果然;worst’still更糟糕的是;most important of all 更重要的是;most curious of all最为奇怪的是;strange真奇怪。如:
Strange.he often forgot to turn off the lights.真奇怪,他经常忘记关灯。
Sure enough,he came again the next day.果然他第二天来了。
Most curious of all,there was no quality control whatsoever in the factory.最为奇怪的是,厂里竞没有任何质量控制。
4.副词短语型:happily(1uckily,unfortunately等)for…令人高兴(聿运、不幸……)的是。这类插入语一般只放在句首,其中for…可以省略。如:
Happily for him,his father's second wife was kind to him,too.使他高兴的是,他父亲的第二任妻子对他也很好。
Fortunately,people are beginning to realize just how serious the whole situation is.幸运的是,人们开始认识到整个情况多么严重。
5.动词不定式型:to sum up概括的说;to speak generally一般说来;to be sure毫无疑问;to tell the truth老实说;to do him justice说句公道话。如:
To sum up,Success results from hard work.概括的说,成功是艰苦工作的结果。
To speak generally,youths of eighteen are too young for such work.
一般说来,十八岁的青年干这个工作还太年轻。
To do him justice,he is not a bad footballer.说句公道话,他的足球踢得不错。
6.现在分词型:Generally(strictly,roughly)speaking一般(严格、大致)说来;Judging by(from)…根据……判断。这种插入语一般只用于句首。如:
Generally speaking,he wouldn’t lose his way,because he lived here for many years.一般说来,他不会迷路,因为他住在这儿多年了。
Judging by his accent,he must be from the South.从他的口音判断,他一定是南方人。7.问句型:do you know你知道吗;don’t you know你难道不知道吗;don’t you think你难道这样认为吗。如:
The book is interesting,don’t you think?这本书很有趣,你难道不这样认为吗?
8.固定表达法:that is(to say)也就是说(换句话说);what’s more还有:I am afraid恐怕;I
am sure可以肯定;I tell you告诉你。如:
He didn’t go,that is to say,it is not recorded that he did.他没有去,换句话说,他去的这个事实无案可查。
He is a sportsman and,what is more,a good coach.他是个运动员,而且还是个优秀的教练员。
二、插入语的本质是评注性的。其构成形式各有不同,其用法也就各异,现就其作用归纳如下1.表示自己的看法、态度或推测。如:
The cross-talk,I think,was both interesting and instructive.相声,我觉得,既有趣又能教育人。
In my opinion,conditions are not yet ripe for it.依我看,条件还不成熟。
The work will be finished tomorrow.I suppose.我想这件工作明天可以完成了。
2.引起对方注意、倾听或思考。如:
It’s a serious problem,you see.你知道了,这是个严肃的问题。
Their performance was wonderful,don’t you think? 他们的表演非常精彩,你说是吧? You’d better be more careful,Professor Hunter is very strict in the work,I'm afraid.你得谨慎些,我觉得亨特教授对工作是非常严格的。
3.表示解释或说明。如:
In other words,the harder you work,the more you will learn.
换句话说,你学习越努力,你学到的东西就越多。
This is to say,our object is to further cement friendly relations between the two countries.也就是说,我们的目的是进一步加强我们两国之间的友谊关系。
4.用来改变话题。如:
By the way,when are we going to visit the Great Wall?顺便问一下,我们什么时候去游览长城?
Incidentally,your letter came only this morning.顺便说一下,你的信直到今天早上才收到。
By the way,have you bought the ticket to Beijing? 顺便问一下,你买了到北京的票吗? 5.表示对事物的肯定或强调。如:
This computer is up-to-date,indeed! 这台电脑确实是新式的。
To be sure, the atomic theory helps us a great deal in understanding all matter.毫无疑问,原子理论大大地帮助我们理解所有的物质。
Needless to say,victory will go to the people.无需多说,胜利一定属于人民。
6.表示语义未尽。如:
It’s too late to go and see him now;moreover,I don’t quite know the way.现在去看他太晚了,何况我又不熟悉路。
7.表示总结。例如:
To sum up,we should never become arrogant and cocky.总之,我们永无不能骄傲自大。
In short,we must be prepared.总而言之,我们要有准备。
Altogether,our achievements are very great.总的说来,我们的成绩很大。
从以上的用法中,我们可以看出,在现代英语里,插入语的内容十分丰富。它对准确鲜明地表达思想、增强语言的表达效果起着很大的作用。因此,我们在学习英语时,也要很好地学习它,掌