自考《英语二》讲义

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自考“英语（二）”完整讲义（137）

2.But the effects of apartheid in terms of social behavior and on cultural development are less well known. （para.1） in terms of 在…⽅⾯ To understand the effects of apartheid it is necessary to think of the daily lives of the people and the ways in which their lives are regulated by apartheid. It means standing for hours in a bus-queue， because there are too few buses specially set aside for black people；⑶it means having to pass theatres and swimming pool with no thought of ever entering them， because they are set aside for with people； and because the restrictions extend to the thoughts people think， and because the laws apply to both black and white， it means that all people in South Africa are denied the right to read certain books because the government believes them to be subversive of its apartheid society.⑷ 3.It means standing for hours in a bus-queue， because there are too few buses specially set aside for black people.（para.3） set aside （为某特定⽬的）留出，分给，存下 4.that all people in South Africa are denied the right to read certain books because the government believes them to be subversive of its apartheid society. （para.3） “… ⽆权阅读某些书” Apartheid means that sportsmen like Basil D‘Oliviera， Steve Makone， and Precious Mackenzie could never represent their own country because they were not white； that singers and actors like Miriam Makeba and Lionel Ngamane would be restricted because of their colour to appearing in certain places and before certain audiences⑸ -a coloured cast could perform Verdi’s “La Traviata” but no nonwhites could attend a performance before the State president. 5.that singers and actors like Miriam Makeba and Lionel Ngamane would be restricted because of their colour to appearing in certain places and before certain audiences… （para. 4） because of their colour 插在 be retricted to 之间，be restricted to 意思是：“被局限在” appearing 是动名词作介词 to 的宾语 The list of restrictions is endless - these are only a few small examples. But what they add up to is a division which breeds hostility. ⑹At sports events， if white and black are present ，they support opposing sides and the result is friction -so much so that in many grounds only whites are allowed.⑺ It is illegal for white and black to play chess together. And whites who tried to play football in a team with black members were prosecuted. 6.But what they add up to is a division which breeds hostility. （para.5） add up to 似乎是，（加起来）等于是全句⼤意：“但这些例⼦加起来却意味着可以酿成敌意的隔离。

自考英语（二）讲义完整版三

自考英语（二）讲义完整版三自考英语（二）讲义完整版三Unit 2 练习：1.词汇英译汉：escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing，companion，speculation，swallow，operate，to make use of，a great many，above all2.句子英译汉：1）Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape.2）The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.3）Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova.4）If a man fell into a black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.5）It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.6）On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.7）There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate.8）They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.3 句子汉译英黑洞是什么，天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题。

自考《英语二》讲义总结大纲

英语（二）学习是一种信仰英语（二）讲义【00015】【内部资料】课程介绍一、课程性质英语（二）是高等教育自学考试各专业（英语专业除外）本科阶段的公共基础课。

三、本资料介绍针对英语（二）试题中第一题到第四题，本资料给出对应的解题技巧及真题举例；第五题和第六题主要涉及到英语语法，本资料将近5 年真题涉及到的语法知识进行总结，详细解释并举对应的真题为例；针对第七题作文部分，本资料给出写作模板及参考例文。

如果您能认真阅读本资料并掌握其中的解题技巧和语法知识，那么您一定能顺利通过考试！目录第一部分语法知识 (4)第一单元名词形容词副词介词 (4)第一章名词 (4)第二章形容词 (5)第三章副词 (8)第四章介词 (10)第二单元谓语动词 (11)第一章系动词 (12)第二章情态动词 (12)第三章时态 (13)第四章英语语态 (16)第三单元非谓语动词 (17)第一章动词不定式 (18)第二章分词 (19)第四单元从句 (21)第一章名词性从句 (21)第二章形容词从句（定语从句） (21)第三章副词从句（状语从句） (21)第五单元并列结构 (22)第二部分应对技巧 (24)第一章阅读判断 (24)第二章阅读选择 (28)第三章概括段落大意和补全句子 (33)第四章填句补文 (36)第五章填词补文 (38)第六章完形补文 (40)第七章短文写作 (41)一、概念第一部分语法知识第一单元名词形容词副词介词第一章名词名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。

如：person，phone，China，time二、用法1.名词作主语和宾语。

●Knowledge is power. （知识就是力量。

）●I love English. （我喜欢英语。

)2.名词可以作定语修饰名词①作定语的名词往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等②被修饰的名词变复数时，一般情况下，作定语用的名词不需要变为复数形式。

● a diamond ring(一枚钻戒)●orange juice(橙汁)●English lessons(英语课)3.名词分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词出现时，要么是复数名词，要么前面加限定词，如冠词（a、an 或 the），不可数名词永远是单数形式。

自考“英语（二）”完整讲义（124）

3.of…importance 有…重要性 4.in the strict sense 在严格的意义上 They are not immigrants， at least not in the strict sense. 从严格意义上来说他们不是移民。

5.of…interest 有…兴趣 6.to coincide with 相符，⼀致 7.attitude towards 对…的态度；意见 What is your attitude to/towards this idea？你对这个想法的态度如何？ 8.at a guess 凭猜测 9.to go in for 参加，从事；以…为兴趣，爱好 compel devide get rid of What sports do you go in for？你喜欢什么运动？ He goes in for pop music. 他喜欢流⾏⾳乐。

The boy goes in for stamp collecting. 这个男孩喜欢集邮。

10.to get one's teeth into 死死咬住，紧紧抓住；认真对待 Work， Labor， and Play So far as I know， Miss Hannah Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor. To be happy， a man must feel， firstly， free and， secondly， important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing， or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.（1）In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished， the sign that what a man does is of social value is that he is paid money to do it， but a laborer today can rightly be called a wage slave.（2）A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family.（3） 1.本句中，as of no value or importance 在if 从句中作主语补⾜语， as 在这⾥是介词，解释为“作为…”“be ignored by society as …”被社会作为毫⽆价值或⽆关紧要的东西⽽忽视。

自考“英语（二）”完整讲义（80）

课⽂精讲 Controlling your concentration CONCENTARATION IS CENTERING YOUR ATTENTION Psychologically defined， concentration is the process of centering one‘ s attention over a period of time. In practical application， however， concentration is not as simple to deal successfully with as the definition may imply. For this reason， it is helpful to keep the following points in mind.⑴ 1.For this reason， it is helpful to keep the following points in mind. be helpful to …。

对… 很有益； keep …。

in mind 把… 记在⼼⾥；译⽂：因此，记住下列⼏点是很有帮助的。

Your attention span varies Even with the greatest effort， our span of attention fluctuates. You can demonstrate for yourself this fluctuation of attention. In a quiet room， place a watch so that it can just scarcely be heard. ⑵Listen carefully and notice how the ticking increases in apparent intensity， fades to a point where it cannot be heard， and then increases again.⑶ This phenomenon reveals how our span of attention fluctuates， for the intensity of the ticking is actually constant. 2.In a quiet room， place a watch so that it can just scarcely be heard. 该句主句是祈使句 place a watch so that 引导⽬的状语从句译⽂：在⼀个安静的房间⾥，放⼀块表，表的声⾳⼏乎刚刚能听见。

自考英语(二)考试重点语法,课文重点讲义

虚拟语态、倒装句、主谓一致、介词、连词时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)并列句、复合句(主从,宾从,表从,定从,状从,同位从)1. 简单句和并列句主谓, 主谓状 I study hard.情态动词+ 实意动词构成谓语. I shall go.主谓宾, 主谓介宾 I study English.I look at the blackboard.主系表 I am a student. The leaves turn red.主谓双宾 I give him a present.主谓宾宾补 I let you do it.I ask you to do it.定状语 A red book.Work hard.并列句 I worked and studied(x)I worked and he studied.2. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句I study English. I think (that)… I think that she is a good student.I made it clear that he objected to the plan.I asked whether/if he was a good student.I don’t know whether it is raining.I asked what he had studied. He gave me what I need.You are wrong in that you took effect for cause.(2) 主语从句That the sun moves around the earth is the truth.( it is the truth that..)Whether it is raining is not known.It is not known--computers will one day have vision as good as human vision.A.whetherB. ifC. thatD. howIt goes without saying that we are not living in a traditional society. Who will come to the meeting remains unknown.翻译题: In a sense, what he said amounts to threat.(3) 表语从句Your greatest fault is that you are careless.The problem is what we should do to help him.(4) 形容词补语从句We feel proud that our team has won every match this year.He wasn’t sure whether he should stay or leave.Are you certain who he is?(5) 同位语从句(fact, news, idea, opinion, concern, hope, theory, decision, discovery, conclusion, report,order, question, problem, belief, truth, answer, statement, promise, possibility.)The news that he intended to come gave us much pleasure.(6) 状语从句时间状语从句When I studied, the bell rang.She was going upstairs when suddenly the light went out.He had no sooner died than/ he had hardly died when the family arguments began.地点状语从句He live where he liked.原因状语从句He was late because he missed the bus.Now that you mention it, I do remember.I’m in a slightly awkward posit ion, in that my secretary is on holiday at that moment.目的状语从句We have so arranged matters that one of us is always on duty.Bring it closer so that I may see it better.结果状语从句He brought a big house so( that) he had more space to paint in.He made such a good speech that he won warm applause.翻译题:The brothers looks so alike that it is difficult to tell them each other条件状语从句If I make a promise, I keep it.I’ll lend you the money , as/so long as you take my advice.These messages will become rubbish unless some measures have been taken. 让步状语从句Although/ though he was Spanish, he spent most of his life in Germany. Whatever/ No matter what happens, you must be calm and quiet.However/no matter how loudly you shout, you won’t be heard.方式状语从句I have changed the plan as you suggested.As if ( as though)比较状语从句(重点)She is as tall as Tom( is) I arrived as early as you (did)Mary was older/more careful than Tom( was)Mary works harder /more carefully than Tom( does)Bill speaks French ----( badly) than he writes it.The –( far)away we get from the earth, the thinner the air becomes. further进(8) 定语从句在从句中成份+连词She is a beautiful girl. I like the girl who is beautiful.( who主语) This is the film that I see.This is the boy who (whom)(--) you met yesterday. (主语)Tell me something about the man for whom I shall be working / (whom) I shall be working for.I read the book whose cover is red.You are still the same person as I knew ten years ago.I never heard such stories as he told.This is the day when( on which) I joined the league.This is the house where( in which) I live./ This is the house I live in. 非限定性定语从句:He met Mary, who invited him to dinner.I gave the book to Tom, whom/ who I found after the meeting.Her doctor, whose office was newly decorated, started to charge higherfee.His latest play, which was well reviewed by the critics, has been a great success.I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized.Prof. Emery, about whom everyone is taking these days.There are only four areas ____ very many diamonds have been found.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.whichWhere用在定语从句和状语从句的区别I’ll go to the place (where I live)I’ll go wherever work conditions are difficult.定语从句和同位语从句的区别The news (that our team had won)was known to all.This is the film that (I see).考题: Such people – you describe are rare nowadays.a. asb. thatc. whod.whichAnyone ---( want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about IT . [who want]Who wants Many of us visited the industrial exhibition,---,to our disappointment, we saw very few high-tech products.a. whereb. whichc. asd. that3. 并列复合句He said that he would give up smoking, but nobody believe it.I never saw a busier person than she seemed to be; yet it was difficult to say what he she did.重点语法——动词的时态和语态时态的呼应I thought the experiment was going on now.She said this apparatus would be available next week.Am/is/are/+ done. This room is cleaned every day.Was/were +done This room was cleaned yesterday.Will be+ done This room will be cleaned.Am/is/are being done This room is being cleaned at the moment. Was/were being done This room was being cleaned when I arrived. Have/has been done My car has been repaired.Had been done The room looks much better. It had been cleaned. No sooner had I arrived at the theatre than the film began. Hardly….. whenSome people think that the relations between people have deteriorated-( deteriorate) so much that understanding and friendship are almost impossible.Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened (happen) to her.非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式做主语 To see is to believe.What to do next has not been decideIt is not easy to remember all these words.表语 To know everything is to know nothing.定语 This is a book to be written.宾语 I want to study.He found it impossible to keep silent any longer.宾补 They warned me not to be late.I let you do it(make, have, see, watch, notice, look at, observe, smell, listen to, hear,perceive)状语 Yesterday he came to see me.独立成份 To be frank, she is not my girlfriend.形容词补语 I am glad to hear the news.不定式的逻辑主语 For a bridge to collapse like that is unbelievable. 不定式的时态和语态 to do(be) , to be+p.p.to have done, to have been done动名词主,表语 Seeing is believingTom’s going there won’t do any harm.My hobby is collecting stamps.定语 This is a swimming poor. ( a poor for swimming)This is a hiding place ( a place for hiding )宾语 I enjoy studying (mind, keep, appreciate, can’t help, consider, postpone,suggest,admit etc.)Do you mind my smoking here?介词+ 宾语I used to doing. (confess to, look forward to, object to doing sth.) be involve in, consist of, be fond of, etc.动名词的时态和语态基本形同分词的时态和语态分词状语 When I saw the film, I felt sad = Seeing the film, I felt sad. Because it is Sunday today, we have no school.It being Sunday, we have no school.When the job was finished, we went home straight away.The job finished, we went home straight away.定语 The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.=The boy who is standing there is a classmate of mine.The used car. A broken cup the question involved.表语 The film is exciting. All the windows are broken.宾补 I found them watering flowers.( I found that they were watering flowers.I found the flowers watered. ( I found the flowers watered)分词的时态和语态.( 形同动名词)doing (being) being donehaving done having been done______nothing to say, the boy shield way form the crowd.A. HavingB. Have C Had. D. Having beingWhat developed was a music readily taking ( take) on various forms.Not having got (not get) enough hands, she had great difficulty in accomplishing the task.非谓语动词答题要点1. Anyone wanting (want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.2．A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted (convict)of murder.3. As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals used( use) in experiments may decrease.Not have got (not, get)enough hands she had great difficulty in accomplishing the task．It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control ( control) his direction.As I’ll be away for a year，I’d appreciate hearing (hear)from you now and then．Object to , confess to , look forward to + doing.介词+ doing.If I had remembered --- the window, the thief would not have got in.a. to closeb. closingc. to have closed. having closed. Begin, start, intend, continue to do, doing 的区别不大The baby began crying. The baby began to cry.Try to do. 努力去做 Try doing 尝试去做.I was very tired. I tired to keep my eyes open, but I couldn’t.I can’t find anywhere to live.______, they began to get down to business. A. The holidays being over B. The holidays are over C. The holidays were over D. The holidays had been overV+ing及从句的固定用法It’s no use doing sth.It’s no use worrying about it. There’s nothing you can do.It’s (not) worth doing sth.Have difficulty doing sth.Spend time (in) doing sth.There is no doubt that.强调句1. 强调主语 It is I that/who am to blame2. 强调直接宾语 It was a glass that Mary broke.3. 强调间接宾语 It was him that I gave the pen to.4. 强调介词宾语 It is this room that I am living in.5. 强调状语1) 时间状语 It was last year that Tom graduated from high school.2) 地点状语 It was under the bridge that we found him.3) 原因状语 It was for his arrogance that I dislike him.4) 目的状语 It was for pleasure that I read it.不仅可以是陈述句, 还可以是疑问句和感叹句.Was it you that/who lost a watch yesterday? What great progress it was that you made.强调句可以是一个从句, 被强调的部分也可以是从句.I was told that it was because he hadn’t received the invitation that he didn’t comeIt was there, the police believe,she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.A. thatB.untilC. whichD. when虚拟语气第一类型: 见词就填:A. (should ) do(should) beB. (should) be +过去分词第一类型虚拟语气 A第一类型虚拟语气 B见某些形容词要虚拟Urgent, necessary, important, possible, essential, incredible, natural, ridiculous, vital, imperative, crucial, critical, proper, compulsory, etc.形容词带的从句: It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules.主语从句: It is decided that the meeting (should) be postponed.宾语从句: He insisted that his daughter (should) come.表语从句: The doctor’s advice is that the patient (should) be kept quiet. 同位语从句: He gave order that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained.考题: They demanded that the right to vote----(give) to every adult person. [(should) be given]For a child to give up less mature idea for a more sophisticate one, it requires that the child ____ psychologically ready for the new idea.A.isB.beC.wereD.would be第二类型: if 的非真实条件句( 可能性小或没有可能)注意: if 可以引导真实条件句,多是条件状语从句.第二类型虚拟语气 (时态到推的概念)第二类型虚拟语气举例省略if 的倒装were, had , should.If the doctor had been available, the child would have been saved.Had the doctor been available, the child would have been saved.考题:_____for your help, I would not have overcome the psychological pressures and tensions.A. Had it not beenB. not beenC. Without beingD. not having been 特殊虚拟?Even if 形式上与if 相同Wish形式上大体与if 从句相同从句谓语与Wish同时 Wish+主语+V.ed/wereI wish I were as young as you.从句谓语发生Wish之前多用Wish+主语+had done(been)I wish that he had not made so much trouble.从句谓语发生Wish之后用Wish+主语+would(could) + v.I wish you would stay with me far a whileI wish I could fly.It is (about. High..) time that + 从句 (V.ed)It is high time that we began to work.In case, lest, for fear that (should)+ V.The mad man was out in the padded cell lest he ---himself.A. injureB. had injured c. injured d. would injure.Would rather =had rather, would just as soon, would sooner, would prefer 多加过去式表示尚未发生的动作.倒装句全部倒装 In came Jack. Now comes your turn.Among them were two girls.部分倒装Hardly/scarcely/barely had we got on the bus when it began to rain.No sooner had he put down the receiver than the telephone rang again.Not until many years later did the whole truth become known.Not only did he win the championship in the race, but he also broke the world record.Neither my sister nor I have traveled by air.Never, nowhere, no longer, little, feww, not…( not a single word) no. (at no time, by no means, in no way, on no account, under/in no circumstances) Only here can you buy fresh eggs.主谓一致要点To become actresses is their ambition.Nodding often means you say” yes.”What I did was to give her a book. Neither she nor I am wet.Many a student doesn’t like having to do their homework.连词连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, which ever 连接副词 when, how, why, where, whenever, wherever并列连词 and, but, or, so , therefore, yet, however, nevertheless, for, hence, as well as, both..and, not only..but also, either..or, neither..nor, 从属连词 after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, although, though, if , even if, unless, lest, because, than, that, whether, so that, as soon as, as long as, in order that, as if, as though, in case, now that, so..that, such..that, as .as.When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, --- we should not play it.A. otherwiseB. insteadC. neverthelessD. either不定代词Any,one,none,nothing, neither, either, both, all, anyone, any one, some, any, much, manyAre you sure there are not--- sharks here? A.any B. some C. many D. much.Used to , be used to doingFrank lives alone,. He doesn’t mind this because has lived alone for 15years. So he is used to it. He is used to living alone.These days I usually stay in bed until late. But when I had a job, I used to get up early.词汇题常考动词搭配Come, carry, take, go,get,cut, make, put ,turn, bring.完型填空题型分析考察重点主谓一致,动词时态和语态,名词的数,代词,形容词副词的比较级,介词和连词.常用词语搭配.70%考连词,代词,介词以及承上启下的其他词和词组.方法: 先跳空通读全文,然后根据语法结构, 语义连贯,词与词的搭配填空, 最后在通读全文. 注意顾全大局.选的是最佳答案.词型填空题大部分为动词.阅读理解题型分析考察(1)词和短语的意义(2)句子表达的各个内容之间的关系(3)文章的主题思想和大意(4)文章或某句的内在含义及推理(5)文章作者的态度.答题方法:先看题—阅读的难点不是考试的重点，不要死扣一句，第一段和最后一段, 段首和段尾句，多数题目可以在文章中找到相应的段落,句子或短语.翻译题评分原则为：(1) 主要语法错误（如动词时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致、否定、疑问以及其他句型错误）或影响基本句意的重要用词错误扣1分。

自考“英语（二）”完整讲义（146）

重点词汇： 1.scarce： a. 缺乏的，不⾜的；稀有的，珍贵的 e.g. Firewood is scarce in many parts of the world. 世界上很多地区都缺乏⽊材。

Scarce resources should be used sensibly. 稀有资源的使⽤应该合理。

2. expansion： n. 扩张，膨胀派⽣词：expand v. 扩张，膨胀 e.g. Expansion into new areas of research is possible. 扩展到新的研究领域是有可能的。

3.promotion： n. 促进；提升派⽣词：promote v. 促进，提升 e.g. As part of their sales promotion they‘re giving away a free pair of socks with each holiday. 作为促销的⼀部分，他们每个假⽇都免费赠送⼀双袜⼦。

4. award ： vt. / n. 授予，给予，判给 e.g. He was awarded his damages by the court . 法院判给他损失赔偿费。

reward 意思是“报答，报应，报偿”。

⽽且reward 后⾯⼀般要加with . e.g. He was rewarded with $10000. 他被奖励10000 美元。

5.integrate v. 使结合，使并⼊，使成为⼀体 e.g. It‘s very difficult to integrate yourself into a society whose culture is so different from your own. 使你⾃⼰融⼊⼀个完全不同的⽂化⾮常困难。

6.diversity n. 多样性 e.g. Does television adequately reflect the ethnic and cultural diversity of the country ？电视能充分反应这个国家种族和⽂化上的多样性吗？ 7.permissive adj. 容许的，许可的，随意的，开放的 e.g. He claims that society has been far too permissive towards drug taking. 他认为社会对吸毒太放纵了。

自考英语二讲义0902

II. Text Learning300 Hurdles①Life may give you a negative, but don't despair - it may just develop into abeautiful picture one day. This year, I realized my theory that I have on life.Life is like a 300m hurdle race. Since I run the 300m hurdles, I would know whatthe race is like.②The first thing to any race is worrying about whether you are going to win ornot. This relates to worrying about the petty things in life. Does it reallymatter if you win? Is it really going to be the end of the world? Or will you beupset if you lose and then forget about it? (1)In life we worry too much andlive in the moment too little. （承上总结句）③(2)Next is the lining up in our own individual lanes. We each start atdifferent spots, but the race is still the same distance for everyone.（承上启下句）(3)This relates to our lives taking us to different places and putting us indifferent situations, but hopefully we will end up in the same place, but maybeat different times.④Now comes the beginning of the race. We all try to keep up with everyone andpace ourselves with other people. (4)This symbolizes that at times in everyone'slives we worry, about fitting in or being the same as other people, instead ofworrying about being unique. If everyone were the same, the world would beincredibly boring.本部分重点及难点：显示重难点解析1. In life we worry too much and live in the moment too little.生活中，我们担心得太多，而活在当下太少。

自考“英语（二）”完整讲义（128）

7.on occasion ：有时，间或 eg：He has， on occasion ， made small mistakes. 他有时犯⼀些⼩错误。

8.in vain ：⽆效地；徒然 eg：All our work was in vain.我们的⼯作都⽩⼲了。

How can someone， hour after hour， day after day， year in and year out， tighten approximately the same nut to the same bolt and not go mad？（1）That most working people do not， in fact， go mad is due in large measure to a phenomenon so common that it is found wherever people labor in industry： taking it easy. （2）It would take some kind of real mental case to do all the work one could all day long. No one expects it. Taking it easy on the job while someone else covers your work， or “working on and off，” as it is usually called in America， is an established part of the working life. 1.How can someone， hour after hour， day after day， year in and year out， tighten approximately the same nut to the same bolt and not go mad ？（para.1）这是⼀个反意问句，意为：“⼀个⼈时复⼀时，⽇复⼀⽇，年复⼀年地把⼏乎同样的螺母拧到螺钉上，⼜怎么能不发疯呢？” 2.That most working people do not， in fact， go mad is due in large measure to a phenomenon so common that it is found wherever people labor in industry： taking it easy.（para.1） That most working people do not， in fact， go mad 是主语从句，that 是只起连接作⽤，不在句中担任任何成分。

(完整版)最新版自考英语二精讲讲义

(完整版)最新2013版自考英语二精讲讲义Unit 1—A Critical Reading（批判性阅读）1. critical adj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的2。

non-fiction n. 纪实文学3. position n。

观点；态度；立场4。

statement n. 说明;说法；表态5. question v. 表示疑问;怀疑out of question / out of the question 毫无疑问 / 不可能的补： in charge 管理；掌管in the charge 由…负责；由…管理（被动）6。

evaluate v。

估计；评价;评估7。

context n. 事情发生的背景,环境，来龙去脉8. value n。

values ［pl.]是非标准；价值观valuableinvaluable=priceless 无价的;valueless = 无价值的9. represent v。

描述；表现representative adj。

/n.10。

assertion n。

明确肯定；断言11。

sufficient adj。

足够的；充足的sufficiencyinsufficient 不够的；不充分的 in—：否定前缀12。

statistic n. statistics ［pl.]统计数字；统计资料13. integrate v.（使)合并,成为一体14. authority n。

专家；学术权威；泰斗an/the authority on sth。

authorize15。

compare v. 比较；对比compare A with B 把A和B进行比较compare A to B 把A比成B。

（打比方）16. subject n. 主题；题目；题材17。

consistent adj. 相符的;符合的18. inconsistency n. 不一致19. assumption n。

(完整word版)自考英语(二)串讲讲义

自考《英语(二)》串讲第一部分：课程介绍一、课程的基本内容本课程在完成“英语（一）”课程内容基础上，培养学生掌握系统的英语语言知识，包括正确的英语语音知识、系统的英语语法知识和一定的词汇量（4500），并熟悉英语语言的表达方式.二、命题“英语（二）”命题按照标准化测试要求设计。

命题的广度和难度依据本大纲规定的知识范围和能力要求确定.部分命题素材取自《英语(二）自学教程》。

统考以阅读和写作为主，听、说不做统考要求。

考试题包括客观性试题和主观性试题，分别占卷面总分的55%和45％。

试卷由七部分组成，包括：阅读判断、阅读选择、概括段落大意和补全句子、填句补文、填词补文、完形补文以及短文写作。

现对试卷内容及结构分别说明如下：第一部分阅读判断该部分要求考生能够理解文中明确表达的概念或细节，推断隐含表达的内容，理解全文主旨和作者所持观点态度；能够根据上下文推测生词意义，理解句间关系和语篇结构。

该部分短文选自英语国家大众读物及旅游手册、操作说明等真实语料,根据语言难度作适当调整，对无法猜测而又影响理解的关键词,用汉语注明词义。

所选短文题材覆盖广泛，涉及叙述、说明、议论等不同体裁.该部分要求考生在读懂1篇350词左右短文的基础上，对给出的10个句子所表达的信息作出判断，有的信息是正确的，有的是错误的，有的文中没有提到。

该部分共10小题。

每小题1分，共计10分.特别提示：与以往《英语（二）》的阅读理解设题形式相比，该题更注重文章中的细节。

与四六级06年改革后的新题型中快速阅读的最初形式类似（Yes，No, Not given).第二部分阅读选择该部分要求考生：理解文章主旨和要义；把握文章的基本结构；理解文中说明要点的事实和细节；作出简单推理和判断；根据上下文推断生词的释义;领会作者的意图、观点和态度.该部分选用1篇长度350词左右的短文，题材包括人文、科技、经济、环境、卫生等热点话题，文中会适当给出个别生词的中文释义。

自考“英语（二）”完整讲义（142）

2. to mistake …for：错把…当作 e.g. I mistake you for your brother. 我错把你当作你的兄弟了。

3. to distinguish between ：分辨，区分 e.g. People who cannot distinguish between colors are said to be colorblind. 不能辨别颜⾊的⼈被称为⾊盲。

The twins look so much alike that it is difficult to distinguish between them. 两个双胞胎如此相似，以⾄于很难区分他们。

4. to come to terms （with）：达成协议；妥协，习惯于 e.g. You need to come to terms with reality. 你必须接受现实。

They came to terms with the enemy secretly. 他们私⾃和敌⼈达成了协议。

When your friends quarrel with each other， you should help them come to terms. 当你的朋友吵架时，你应该帮助他们和解。

5. to reflect on ：仔细考虑，反思 e.g. I need time to reflect on your offer. 我需要时间来考虑你的建议。

We must reflect carefully on the effect of TV violence on children. 我们必须仔细考虑电视中暴⼒⾏为对⼉童的影响。

6. to come about ：发⽣ e.g. Can you tell me how the accident came about？你能告诉我事故是怎么发⽣的吗？ Good books come about as a result of hard work. 好书的产⽣是努⼒⼯作的结果。

全国高等教育自学考试英语(二)辅导讲义

全国高等教育自学考试英语（二）要紧内容•试卷分析和最新出题思路•重点语法•备考要诀及学习方法最新英语〔二〕试卷主观题统计数据考题总分值平均分•单词拼写10 2.48•词形填空10 2.17•汉译英15 5.53•英译汉15 10.75•总分50 20.93最新出题思路〔1〕与课文的关系往年与课文有关的大题：第【一】第【四】第五和第六大题近年与课文有关的大题：第四和第六大题建议：熟读课文，掌握课文中的大纲词汇，特别留意课文中表达重点语法和经典句型的句子。

(2)与课文无关的大题：第【二】第【三】第七大题。

文章选材：要紧涉及社会文化、风俗适应、教育、历史、和生活常识等内容。

建议：广泛阅读此类题材的文章，最好是中英文对比版本。

推举杂志：《英语沙龙》，《大学英语》，《英语学习》。

每道题的考点：第一题：词汇语法题要紧考点：定语从句、名词性从句的引导词；状语从句的连接词；词汇辨析；固定搭配；常用句型。

近年来词汇题比重增加。

建议：通过学习教材上下册，熟练掌握差不多语法，背熟大纲词汇，加强同义词、近义词、和形似词的比较，牢记固定搭配。

历年试题举例：1.Attheendof1994theBritishgovernmentintroducednewmeasurestohelp____domesticwork ersfromabusebytheiremployers.[A]protect [B]suspect [C]expect [D]inspectＡ2.I’mwonderingwhyhehasn’tturned___atthemeeting.[A]down [B]up [C]out [D]overＢ3.Byusingbothearsonecantellthedirection___asoundcomes.[A]inwhich [B]fromwhich[C]overwhich[D]withwhichＢ第二题：完型填空题要紧考点：除了第一大题已提到的考点外，还注重考察介词、连词、副词、代词等虚词的用法。

自考英语二教材课文讲义unit7

Unit 7 Inner VoiceI. New words and expressionsNew words1. inner adj. 内心的；隐藏的2. precisely adv. 准确地；恰好地preciseprecision联想：accurate, accuracy比较：simply, possibly, subtly, truly / definitely, rarely, fortunately, likely / luckily, heavily3. bombard v. 大肆抨击；连珠炮似地质问；提供过多信息，4. dreaded adj. 令人害怕的；可怕的5. small talk n. 寒喧；闲谈；聊天6. hesitation n. 犹豫hesitatehesitanthesitancy / hesitation7. wonder v. 想知道；想弄明白；琢磨n. 奇迹wonder wh-…do / work wonders / miracles8. prompt v. 促使；导致；激起9. complete adj. （用以强调）完全的，彻底的10. upset adj. 难过的；不高兴的；沮丧的11. roll v. （使）翻滚，滚动12. despite prep. 即使；尽管despite / in spite of that fact that …13. feeble adj. 无效的；无力的14. attempt n./ v. 企图；试图；尝试attempted15. wipe v.（用布、手等）擦干净，抹掉16. profusely adv. 大量地；连连地17. address v. 写（收信人）姓名地址；致函18. receptionist n. 接待员19. attach v. 把…固定，把…附（在…上）attach …to…attached 依恋的；附加的；附属的attachment 依恋；附件20. emotion n. 强烈的感情；情感；情绪emotionalemotionless21. contain v. 控制，克制，抑制（感情）22. apparently adv. 据…所知；看来；显然23. overwhelming adj. 巨大的；压倒性的；无法抗拒的overwhelming problemsan overwhelmed person联想：surprised / surprisingexcited / excitingamazed / amazingdisappointed / disappointingfrightened / frighting注意：excited eyes / expressions / looks24. scream v. 高声喊，大声叫Phrases and Expressions1. be lost in one's thought陷入沉思2. break down 失败3. come up with找到（答案等）；想出4. drop…off （顺路）把…放下5. take one's own life自杀6. in desperation 在绝望中；走投无路7. care about sb. 关心；关怀8. take a chance 冒险9. make a difference 有作用；产生影响II. Text LearningYour Inner Voice①(1)My day started just like all the other days for the past 15 years where I get up, make some coffee, shower, get dressed and leave for the train station at precisely 7:35 A.M. to arrive at work by 8:30. While on the train I would always choose a seat away from the crowd so I can read the newspaper in peace and quiet. (2)At work I am always being bombarded with questions from coworkers, suppliers, telephone and then those dreaded meetings, so the last thing I need is some stranger to sit beside me and make small talk.本部分重点及难点：1. My day started just like all the other days for the past 15 years where I get up, make some coffee, shower, get dressed and leave for the train station at precisely 7:35 A.M. to arrive at work by 8:30.(1) where引导定语从句，先行词为days。

自考“英语（二）”完整讲义（104）

4.to aim for：瞄准；以…为⽬标 We are aiming for a 50% share of the German market. 我们的⽬标是取得德国市场50%的份额。

She was aiming for a promotion. 她想获得提升。

课⽂精讲： Sacrificed to Science？ Professor Colin Blakemore works at Oxford University Medical School doing research into eye problems and believes that animal research has given humans many benefits：① 1.句中doing research into eye problems 是⼀个现在分词短语作状语，起补充说明的作⽤；believes 作works 的并列谓语；that 引导的从句作believe的宾语从句。

本句译⽂：“科林·布莱克默教授任职于⽜津⼤学医学院，正在对眼睛疾病进⾏研究，他认为，⽤动物进⾏研究给⼈带来了很多好处。

” The use of animals has been central to the development of anaesthetics， vaccines and treatments for diabetes，cancer， developmental disorders……most of the major medical advances have been based on a background of animal research and development. There are those who think the tests are simply unnecessary. The International Association Against Painful Experiments on Animals is an organization that promotes the use of alternative methods of research which do not make animals suffer. Their spokesman Colin Smith says： make animals suffer 中的“suffer”是其实是不带“to”的不定式，是不定式作宾补的结构。

自考“英语（二）”完整讲义（105）

7.该句的主⼲结构为“A method may replace the LD50.”“using a fixed amount ”和“which gives the same eventual information but uses fewer animals and does not require that they die”分别是分词短语和定语从句做method的定语。

本句译⽂：“另⼀种⽅法是使⽤固定量的有毒物质，能够给出同样的最终信息，但使⽤较少的动物并且不需要它们死亡，这个⽅法可以代替LD50.” 8.此句中that 引导的定语从句修饰techniques；因为从句过长，所以放到了主句谓语are now available 之后。

这是由于修辞需要⽽引起的倒装。

本句译⽂：“现在已有很多别的新技术，使更多的研究能在试管⾥进⾏，以便发现化学药品是否产⽣有毒的⽣物效果。

” The number of animals used in laboratory tests has declined over the last 20 years. This is partly due to alternatives and partly to the fact that experiments are better designed so fewer need to be used ——healthier animals provide better experimental results. ⑨For example， it used to take 36 monkeys to test a sample of polio vaccine， now it takes only 22. Also， lack of money has reduced the number of animals used - they are expensive to buy and expensive to keep. 9.句中“that”引导同位语从句修饰the fact； fewer 之后省略了experiments .其中due to 表⽰“由于…”的意思。

自考英语二教材课文讲义unit3

Unit 3 Friendship and LoyaltyI. New words and expressions New words1. reflection n. （关于某主题的）思考，回忆2. loyalty n. 忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿3. recognize v. 承认；意识到4. betray v. 辜负；对…不忠5. indeed adv. 其实；实际上6. virtue n. 高尚的道德；正直的品性；德行7. trend n. 趋势；趋向；倾向；动态；动向8. befriend v. 做（尤指需要帮助者的）朋友；友善相待9. request v. （礼貌或正式地）请求，要求10. trendy adj. 时髦的；赶时髦的11. multitude n. 众多；大量12. mutual adj. 共有的；共同的mutual respect / understanding辨析：mutual / manual / manure / mature / menu / mental13. term n. 词语；术语：措辞14. site n. 网站；站点15. acronym n. 首字母缩略词16. perish v. 丧失；湮灭；毁灭17. thought n. 想法；看法；主意；记忆18. gossip n. 流言蜚语19. challenge v. 考查…的能力；考验…的技巧20. akin adj. 相似的；类似的21. deposit n. 存款22. account n. 账户accountantcurrent accountdeposit account23. interest n. 利息24. well-being n. 健康；安乐；康乐25. welfare n. （个体或群体的）幸福，安全与健康26. essence n. 本质；实质；精髓27. seek v. 寻找28. notoriety n. 恶名；坏名声notorious 相当于infamous29. premise n. 前提；假定；30. exploit v. 利用（…为自己谋利）31. reconnect v. 再联系；再联络32. virtual adj. （通过计算机软件，如在因特网上）模拟的，虚拟的33. assure v. 使确信；向…保证assure sb. of sth.assure sb. that…34. caution n. 警告；告诫35. lyric n. 歌词36. undisputed adj. 不容置疑的；毫无疑问的；不可争辩的37. generation n. （统称）一代人，同代人，同辈人generation gapfour generations living under the same roofPhrases and Expressions1. stick by 坚持忠于；不离不弃（某人）2. through thick and thin不畏艰难险阻go through thick and thin3. lead to 导致，造成（后果）4. a multitude of 众多的；大量的5. perish the thought 甭想了；但愿不会如此6. engage in （使）从事，参加7. in essence 本质上8. assure…of…使放心；向…保证9. pay attention to 注意10. warn…of…警告某人某事II. Text LearningReflections: Friendship and loyalty①How many of us recognize true loyalty in a friend? Loyalty consists of（参考Unit1，TextA）a friend, who will stick by you, through thick and thin. A friend who is always honest with you and never betrays the friendship with lies is a loyal friend. If you have a loyal friend, you have indeed found a true virtue in that friend.（承上句）②The current trend on the internet is befriending anyone who requests to be your friend. However, this new trend may lead to disasters.（承上句）It may be popular and trendy to have a network filled with a multitude of mutual friends. However, one true loyal friend may be the only friend you need.③A term used on the popular Facebook site is B.F.F. This acronym means best friends forever. Are they really your best friends forever? You might ask yourself this question, "Will they share my private matters with others on the pages of Facebook, or perish the thought, engage in gossip about me with others?" (1)If the answer to that is , "I don't know", more than likely, they will not be your best friends forever. Maybe not, even for a day.本部分重点及难点：1. If the answer to that is , "I don't know", more than likely（很有可能）, they will not be your best friends forever.more than likely: very likelymore than happy: very happymore than pleased: very pleased请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】6. He is _______ willing to shall his happiness with us.•A．more•B．more than•C．enough•D．too【答案】B【解析】本题考查more than+adj.。