聚合物纳米技术

Applications of Nano-Materials




Consumer Goods - Cosmetics , Optics, Textiles Industrial - Car, Aerospace construction - Energy - Packaging Medicine; - Drug delivery, Diagonostics Information and Communication - Semiconductor, phtoelectonic devices, memory storage Chemistry and Environment - Filter, Catalyst Others
Sports Goods Application



Tennis - Adding carbon nanotubes to the frames which increases control and power when you hit the ball. - Using nanocomposite barrier film to reduce air leaks from tennis balls so keep bouncing longer. Golf - Filling the voids of club shaft materials with nanoparticles; this improves the uniformity of the shaft and thereby improves swing. Bicycles - Filling nanotubes around the space of carbon fibers , providing lighter, yet stronger handlebars.

Nano Silver

Sterling, Deodoring, preventing mildew Extraction of refinery products, Antibacteria Catalysts, Antiseptics and Antimicrobials

Nano Gold

Fabrication Techniques Nanometals

原位合成法 (In-Situ Synthesis)
- 將含有金屬離子的化學物質放入單體聚合溶 液(Polymerization Solution)中。然後, 通過化 學,熱或光解的方法,獲得金屬納米粒子。

易地合成法 (Ex-Situ Synthesis)
- 混合矽酸鹽層和聚合物的單體，與聚合引發劑和/或催化劑, 導致分散粘土層到 矩陣聚合。

Biblioteka Baidu
熔體處理 (Melt Processing)
- 矽酸鹽應該需要表面處理以增加其有機性, 因此, 矽酸鹽層能有效地直 接分散到聚合物中熔融。
在碳氫聚合物裡, 例如聚乙烯或聚丙烯,需要加一種/個相容劑(Compatablizer)，以促進極性 (Polar)粘土的分散。例如,加酸酐接枝聚丙烯(Anhydride Grafted Polypropylene)到含有粘土的 聚丙烯(4),(5),(6),以加強粘土和聚合物之間的兼容性。
Fabrics Applications



Nanowhiskrs; tiny structures that cause water to bead up, making the fabric water and stain resistant Nanopores; nano-sized air pockets that block cold and heat for super insulation Nanoparticles; provide a "lotus plant" effect for fabric, causing dirt to rinse off in the rain.



生物聚合物溶解或分散在羥基溶劑,其乾燥物質含量在加工過程中 至少50％的重量。 通過擠壓,生物聚合物的處理過程包括熱和機械剪切力。 在稍後階段擠壓時, 加入交聯劑(Cross-linking agent),比如乙二醛 (Glyoxal),或二醛(Dialdehyde)。 混合物被擠壓通過圓洞而擠出造粒。然後,通過冷磨碎。 由此產生的粉末其次是再通過一個聚酯的篩刪(Sieve),刪除不想要 的大顆的粒子。粒子的粒徑是大約從20至80納米。 準備製造納米生物聚合物的水溶液。納米粒子溶解或分散在水中, 它的濃度為4至50％之間。
Background


Polymer Nano-technology is the fastest growing one. Its history really began in 1990, Toyota (for the first time the use of nanoclay/nylon-6 composite materials to produce Toyota's timing belt covers.
Type of Nanostructures


Solids - Materials - Dimensions/Shape Pores/Voids - Dimensions/Shape
Benefits/Properties Improvemets

Increase surface areas Modify surface characteristics Enhance mechanical properties Enhance optical and electrical properties Improve thermal properties, flame resistance Modify gas barrier properties Enhance chemical and bacteria resistance Others

Nano Platinum


Nano Copper
Nano Metals

Nano Zinc Oxide

UV protection

Nano Titanium Dioxide

UV protection Deactivate bio-contamination
Fabrication Techniques Carbon Nanotubes
聚合物奈米技術 Polymer Nano-technology
蘇添貴(Tien-Kuei Su) 貴瑩公司顧問
聚合物奈米技術 Polymer Nano-technology
Background Type of Nanostructures Fabrication Techniques Applications/Benefits - Nanoclay in Packagings Potential Issues
Medical Applications



Nanoparticles deliver chemotherapy drugs directly to cancer cells to minimize damage to healthy cells. Qdot (quantum dot) molecular imaging to monitor biologic processes within cells, to both diagnose and treat cancer. Nanoshells concentrate the heat from infrared light to destroy cancer cells with minimal damage to surrounding healthy cells. Nanotube-reinforced material produces denser bone tissue to grow new bones.

Arc Discharge 電弧放電
- 在真空或氣體中作業 ,將導致石墨(Graphite)蒸發, 而 後存放在陰極.

HiPCO高壓一氧化碳 Laser Ablation激光燒蝕 CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)化學氣 相沉積
Fabrication Techniques Biopolymers
Fabrication Techniques Pores/Voids, Nanofibers



Solvent followed by evaporization, extraction. Change of morphology, phase Additives; nanostructures (US 7115680), X-link (US 7067058,6039872) Incompatible blends Stretching/Orientation Fibrillation Others

聚合物粘合劑(Polymeric binder)
- 聚合物粘合劑是一種共聚物,包括羧酸(Carboxylic Acid)或羥基(Hydroxyl) 等等的 功能團(Functional Groups). 它可以綁定或錨住粘土, 導致納米粘土在其中的分散, 可以達到脫落(Exfoliation)的程度
Fabrication Techniques Nanoclay

解誘導插 (Solution induced intercalation)
- 使用有機溶劑溶解聚合物, 然後, 分散粘土在其裡面。後來, 讓溶劑蒸發或含有粘 土的聚合物沉澱。

原位聚合 (In situ polymerization)
- 金屬納米粒子是由化學方法先獲得,然後,分發 (Disperse)到聚合物溶液(Polymer Solution)或 單體溶液聚合
TEM of Gold Colloid Nanoparticles
Around 30 nm
SEM of Nanonickel Porous Membrane
Nano Metals
Cleaning Applications



Nano titanium dioxide particles; energy in light to start the chemical reaction that kills the bacteria. Nano colloidal micelles make a better soap. Coated nanofilms provide certain surface characteristics

Background




Nano-technology is at an early stage of development, as evolutionary, not revolutionary. The nano-particle size in Nano-materials refers to the order of 1-100 nm (1nm = 10 -9 meter, about onethousandth the width of a human hair). Nano-particles have unique surface, interface, and volume effects due their small size. The extraordinary large surface areas on nanoparticles provide opportunities to modify the surface of nano-particles to improve dispersion and properties. The resultant nano-materials can still maintain their clarity.