英语专业英国文学总结
英国文学史及选读复习要点总结概要
英国文学史及选读复习要点总结概要第一篇：英国文学史及选读复习要点总结概要《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点1.Beowulf: national epic of the English people;Denmark story;alliteration, metaphors and understatements(此处可能会有填空,选择等小题2.Romance(名词解释3.“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story4.Ballad(名词解释5.Character of Robin Hood6.Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry;The Canterbury Tales(main contents;124 stories planned, only 24 finished;written in Middle English;significance;form: heroic couplet7.Heroic couplet(名词解释8.Renaissance(名词解释9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10.Sonnet(名词解释 11.Blank verse(名词解释12.Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13.Francis Bacon “essays” esp.“Of Studies”(推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读14.William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是Hamlet 这是肯定的。
英国文学选读知识总结
Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400) 乔叟He was born in 1343 in London.He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets Corner”.The father of English Poetry and one of the greatest narrative poets of England.“The Canterbury Tales” (1387-1400) It is Chaucer’s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.Chaucer’s Contribution to English Literature Chaucer is regarded as the founder of English poetry and has been called “the founder of English realism.” He is the firs t great poet who wrote in the English language. He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the “heroic couplet” (英雄双韵体) to English poetry.His masterpiece “The Canterbury Tales” is one of the monumental works in English literature公爵夫人之书，百鸟议会，声誉之堂，特罗勒思和克里西德Structure of a poem: A poem can be broken down into three parts:(1) Stanza (节) : a group of lines set off from the other lines in a poem. It is the poetic equivalent of a paragraph in prose. In traditional poems, the stanza usually contains a unit of thought.(2) The line (行) : a single line of poetry(3) The foot (音步) : a syllable or a group of 2 or 3 syllables. To scan a line of poetry one counts the number of feet in a line. For a beginner, the easiest thing to do is to count the number of stresses. Typically a foot will contain a stressed and an unstressed syllable.William Shakespeare (1564-1616)playwright, poet, actor.Shakespeare and Aeschylus are the two greatest dramatic geniuses the world has ever known.—Carl Marks.The Great Tragedies: 《哈姆雷特》(Hamlet,1601 ) 《奥赛罗》(Othello, 1604) 《李尔王》(King Lear, 1605) 《麦克白》(Macbeth, 1606) The Great Comedies威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice, 1596) 《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night's Dream,1596) 《第十二夜》(Twelfth Night, 1600) 《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It, 1601)Shakespeare’s car eer as a dramatist may be divided into four major phases.: The First Period(1590-1594)This period is the period of his apprenticeship in play-writing.Works: Henry VI The Comedy of Errors《错误的喜剧》/《连环错》Love’s Labor’s Lost《迷失的爱》/《空爱一场》/《爱的徒劳》Romeo and Juliet, etc.The Second Period (1595-1600)This period is his mature period, mainly a period of “great comedies” and mature historical plays. It includes 6 comedies, 5 historical plays and 1 Roman tragedy. His sonnets are also thought to be written in this period.The Third Period (1601-1607)The third period of Shakespeare’s dramatic career is mainly the period of “great tragedies” and “dark comedies”. It includes 5 tragedies, 3 comedies and 2 Roman tragedies.Major works written in this period:Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and CleopatraThe Fourth Period (1608-1612)The fourth period of Shakespeare’s work is the period of romantic drama. It includes 4 romances or “reconciliation（和解，复合）plays”.Shakespeare’s Literary Position:Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of the English Bible are the two greatest treasuries of the English language. Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers in world literature.Hamlet:Hamle t is considered the summit of Shakespeare’s art. It is one of Shakespeare’s canon, and it is universally included in the list of the world’s greatest works.It’s written in the form of blank verse.blank verse : poetry in rhymeless iambic pentameter.（素体诗剧）The story, coming from an old Danish legend, is a tragedy of the “revenge” genre. Shakespeare incorporates into the medieval story other major humanistic themes, including love, justice, good and evil, and most notably, madness, and the spirit of the timeInjustice, conspiracy, and betrayal in the society。
英国文学下半部分总结
一：The Eighteenth Century(1688---1798)-----The Age of Reason/Enlightenment 1)Pope 18世纪被称为是Pope的时代，18世纪最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“heroic couplet”1)16岁Pastorals《田园诗》2)1711 Essay on Criticism《批评论》—heroic couplets and didactic poem3)1714 The Rape of the Lock《卷发遇劫记》—a mock-heroic poem4)The Dunciad《群愚史诗》5)Essay on man《人论》—philosophical poem in heroic couplets6)Imitation of Horace《仿贺拉斯》7)Epistle to Dr.Arbuthnot《致阿勃诺斯特医生书》2)Swift 讽刺作家1)1704 A Tale of a Tub《木桶的故事》—parable寓言2)1704 The Battle of the Books《书站》3)1708 Bickerstaff Almanac《比克斯塔福历书》4)1708 Elegy of Mr.Partridge《帕特里奇挽歌》5)1708 Vindication of Isaac Bickerstaff《艾萨克·比克斯塔福的辩护》6)1726，10 Gulliver’s Travels《格里佛游记》7)Pamphlets on Ireland(小论文) 关于爱尔兰的小册子（1）The Drapier’s Letters《布商的书信》（2） A Modest Proposal《一个小小的建议》8)Tragic love affairs: Candenus and Vanessa《坎迪纳斯和文莎》、Journal toStella《给斯拉特的信》—love-letters9)1745 On the Death of Dr. Swift3)Defoe “the pioneer novelist of England”英国现实主义小说开创人，1)1701 Trueborn Englishman—A Satire《纯血统英国人》---- pamphlet2)1702 The Shortest Way with the Dissenters《铲除新教徒的途径》3)1703,5 Hymn to the Pillory《木枷颂》4)The Review《评论报》—a political and literary magazine5)代表作Robinson crusoe《鲁比逊漂流记》Captain Singleton 《辛格顿船长》Moll Flanders 《莫尔·弗兰德斯》Colonel Jacque《雅克上校》4. Richardson1)1740 Pamela《帕米拉》或者Virtue Rewarded:In a Series of FamiliarLetters from a Beaytiful Young Damsel to Her Parents—书信体形式Epistolary novels，a long tale2)1747-1748 Clarissa《克拉丽莎》—the best one3)1753-1754 Sir Charles Grandison《查尔斯·格兰迪森爵士的历史》5. Fielding “ father of English Novel”英国小说之父1)1729-1737 26plays burlesques(滑稽剧) and dramatic satires(讽刺剧)1737年3月The Historical Register for the Year 1736《一七三六年历史纪事》2)1739 The champion《斗士》—a newspaper3)From 1742 4 novels（1）1742,2 Joseph Andrew《约瑟夫·安德鲁》（2）1743 Jonathan Wild the Great《大诗人江奈生·威尔德》—political satire （3）1749 Tom Jones 《汤姆·琼斯》—great novel（4）1751 Amelia《艾米利亚》—last novel4)1749-1750 as a magistrate地方法官，died in 1754,10.8 at Lisbon5)V oyage to Lisbon《里斯本航海日记》—unpublished6. Sheridan1)1775 The Rivals—first comedy, love affair2)1777 The School for Scandal—masterpiece, a great comedy of manners7. Sentimentalism（18世纪中期形成）1)Thomas Gray :neo-classicismIn 1716-1771 Elegy Written in the Country Churchyard《墓园挽诗》2)William Cowper （1731-1800）The Task《任务》— a long poem written in blank verse3) George Crabbe : a clergymanThe Village《乡村》—classical form in couplet4）James Thompson Seasons《四季》5）Edward Young Night Thoughts《夜思》6）William CollinsTo Simplicity《致简单》The Passions《激情》To Evening《致夜晚》8. Pre-Romanticism(18世纪后期)—against the bondage of ClassicismUshered引领人物：Percy，Macpherson，Chatterton1)Percy 1756 Reliques of Ancient English Poetry《英诗辑古》—folk songsand ballads, marks an epoch in the history of English poetry2)Macpherson 1762 Fingal《芬歌儿》—an epic3)Chatterton The Rowley Papers《罗利诗篇》Represented 代表人物：Blake，Burns1)William Black（1）1783 Poetical Sketches《诗歌素描》—first collection of poemsSpenserian stanza, blank verse, ballad form, lyric metres（2）1789 Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》--- The lamb（3）1794 Songs of Experience《经验之歌》（4）The Marriage of Heaven and Heal《天堂和地狱的结合》（5）1791 The French Revolution《法国大革命》（6）1793 Vision of the Daughters of Albion and America, a prophecy2)Robert burns Scottish poet（1）1876,7 Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect《苏格兰方言诗集》Farewell to Scotland《再见苏格兰》（2）Scottish folk songs for two anthologies: The Scots Musical Museun《苏格兰音乐汇总》和Select Collection of Original Scottish Airs《原始的苏格兰歌曲选集》（3）Poem: A Red, Red Rose《一朵红红的玫瑰》和Bruce at Bannockburn （4）革命主题诗歌：➢The Tree of Liberty《自由树》➢ A Revolutronary Lyric《一首革命抒情诗》➢The Slave’s Lament《奴隶怨》—sympathy➢The Toadeater《致谄媚者》—satire➢The Jolly Beggars《欢乐的乞丐》—humour and lightheartedness➢Auld Lang Syne《昔日时光》二：The Age of Romanticism(1798----1832) 18世纪末19世纪初期出现Liberty, equality, fraternity(自由、平等、博爱)1)浪漫主义代表人物（1）E dmund Burke 1790 Reflections on the Revolution in France（2）R adical writers（进步作家）：➢Thomas Paine 1791-1792 The Right of Man《人权》➢William Cobbett 1802-1835 Political Register《政治纪事周刊》（3）Prose（散文家）：Lamb，Hazlitt, De Quincey, Hunt（4）Novelist：Walter Scott 标志着从romanticism到realism（5）两大流派two schools:➢Elder generation of romanticists/escapist romanticists/ The Lake poem: Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey➢Young generation of romanticists/active romanticists:Byron, Shelley, Keats2)Wordsworth 湖畔诗人（1）1789 with Coleridge Lyrical Ballads《抒情诗歌谣》（2）作品：★Lines written in the Early Spring《早春遣句》★To the Cuckoo《致杜鹃》★I wondered lonely as a Cloud《我如行云独自游》★My heart leaps up when I behold《我心荡漾》★Intimations of Immortality《永生颂》★Lines composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey《丁登寺杂咏》—lyrical hymn of thanks to nature★Lucy—poem, short pathetic lyrics between humanity and nature★The prelude《序曲》—1799-1805 autobiographical poem, in 14 books 3)Coleridge湖畔诗人（1）With Southey, The Fall of Robespierre— a poetical drama in three acts（2）1798 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子吟》—a long poem （3）1797 Kubla Khan《忽必列汉》— a dream-poem 54 lines（4）1797-1800 Christabel《克里斯塔贝尔》— unfinished（5）As a litreary critic(1808-1815) 文学评论家✧Notes and Letrures on Shakespeare✧Biographia Literaria, or Sketches of My Literary Life and Opinions—1817 the most important prose work and literary authbiography4)Southey 湖畔诗人（1）1793 Joan of Are《圣女贞像》—an epic（2）1794 Wat Tyler《瓦特·泰勒》—a drama（3）1794 With Coleridge, The Fall of Robespierre— a poetical drama in three acts（4）1821 A vision of Judgement《审判的幻景》—a long poem（5）Short poems: The Inchcape Rock, The battle of Blenhein, My Days among the Dead Are Passed（6）As a prose writer : The Life of Nelson(1813) 《尼尔森的生活》（7）Poetical romances浪漫诗歌：只有4首★1801 Thalaba the Destroyer 《萨拉巴》★1805 Madoc《麦道克》★1810 The Curse of kehama《克哈马的诅咒》★1814 Roderick, the Last of the Goths《罗德克·最后的高斯人》5)Byron the Satanic School(撒旦派)（1）1807 Hours of Idleness《悠闲的时光》—first collection of poem（2）1809 English Bards and Scotch Reviewers—satire（3）1816 Songs for the Luddites《卢德者之歌》（4）1809 Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德·哈尔德游记》—拜伦式英雄long poem （5）Narrative poem 叙事诗1813年Giaour，The Bride of Abydos，Lara1814年The Corsair oriental tales东方叙事诗1816年Parisina，The Siege of Corinth（6）lyrical poem 抒情诗：1815 Herbrew Melodies《希伯来歌曲》（7）Switzerland瑞士：Sonnet on Chillon, The Prisones of Chillon(1816,narrative poem), Manfred（a poetical drama）（8）文学成就：Childe Harold《恰尔德·哈尔德游记》Don Yuan《唐璜》—masterpieceCain 《该隐》—a poetical dramaThe Prophecy of Dante《但丁预言》The vision of Judgement《审判的幻景》6)Shelly the Satanic School(撒旦派)（1）1811 The Necessity of Atheism《无神论的必要性》—an anti-religious pamphlet （2）1812 Address to the Irish People《致爱尔兰人民》（3）Queen Mab《麦布女王》—first important poem（4）1818 The Revolt of Islam《伊斯兰反叛》（5）1819➢Masque of Anarcy《专制的假面游行》—allegorical poem➢Prometheus unbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》—lyrical drama➢The Cenci《钦挚一家》—a historical tradgedy on Italian Subject（6）1819年后，写了大量的poems➢Peter Bell the Third《彼特·贝尔三世》—a dramatic satire➢Hellas《海勒斯》—a lyrical drama➢Adonais《阿多尼》—an elegy on the death of Keats➢A Defence of poetry《诗辩》—an essay（7）Love lyrics 爱情抒情诗➢Love’s Philosophy《爱的哲学》➢One Word Is Too Often Profaned《有一个字常被人亵渎》➢With a Guitar, to Jane《用一把吉他，献给简》➢The Indian Serenade《印度小夜曲》➢Ode to the west wind《西风颂》➢To a Skylark《致云雀》7)John Keats（1）1817 First collection of poem was published（2）1818 Endymion《恩底弥翁》—second book（3）Third and last volume—include Isabella《伊莎贝拉》，The Eve of St.Agnes 《圣阿格尼斯前夜》，Eamia《拉米亚》（4）Long poem长诗5部★Endymion《恩底弥翁》4000多行★Isabella《伊莎贝拉》/The Pot of Basil(based on Boccaccio’s Decameron)★The Eve of St.Agnes《圣阿格尼斯前夜》—narrative poem in Spensorian Stanzas★Emaia《拉米亚》—Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholy★Hyperion《赫波里昂》—unfinished long epic in two fragments （5）Short poem短诗➢Sleep and porety《睡与诗》➢sonnets and odes✧Bright Star《灿烂的星》✧When I Have Fair《当我害怕时》✧Ode to Autumn《秋颂》✧Ode to Melancholy《忧郁颂》✧Ode on a Grecian Urn《希腊古瓮颂》✧Ode to a Nightingale《夜莺颂》8)Scott 历史小说之父“the father of history novels”（1）Three volumes三卷本(1802-1803)：Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border《苏格兰边区歌谣集》（2）Long poem★1805 The lay of the Last Minstrel—first long poem★1808 Marmion《玛米恩》★1810 The Lady of the Lake《湖上夫人》（3）Novel 1814 Waverley《威弗利》—first novel（4）Historical novel⏹Scotland✧1814 Waverley《威弗利》✧1815 Guy Mannering《盖曼钠令》✧1816 Old Morality《清教徒》✧1817 Rob Roy《罗伯·罗伊》✧1818 The Heart of Midlothian《爱丁堡监狱》⏹English✧1820 Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》—the most famous one✧1821 Kenilworth《肯纳尔沃思堡》✧1822 The Fortunes of Nigel《尼格尔的家产》✧1826 Woodstock《皇家猎官》✧1828 Peveril of the Peak《贝弗利尔·皮克》⏹Europe✧1823 Quentin Durward《昆延·达沃德》✧1823 St. Ronan’s Wells 《圣罗南之泉》—the only one tells hiscontemporary life三．Critical Realism批判现实主义1)English Critical Realism(流行于19世纪40年代、50年代早期) The Victorian Age(1831---1901)代表人物：Dickens，Thackeray, Brontes’ sisters, Elizabeth Gaskell, Eliot19th century realistic novels become“the epic of the bourgeois society”2）Dickens critical realist writer批判现实主义小说家（1）Sketches by Boz《博兹随笔》—first book on Cockeny characters伦敦人物（2）Pickwick Papers《匹克威克外传》—long novel（3）1838-1841 Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》, Nicholas Nickleby，The Old Curiosity Shop《老古玩店》，Barnaby Rudge（4）1842 in America：American Notes《美国札记》，Martin Chuzzlewit （5）From 1844 in Frence and Italy●Novels of social criticism★Dombey and Son 《董贝父子》★David Copper field《大卫·科波菲尔》★Bleak house《荒凉山庄》★Hard Times 《艰难世事》★Little Dorrit《小杜丽》●Two weekly magazines★1850-1859 Household words《家常话》★1859-1870 All the Year Round《一年四季》（6）A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》—a historical novel of the French Revolution （7）Novels on contemporary theme: Great Expectations《远大前程》, Our Mutual Friend《我们共同的朋友》（8）1867-1868 in England: Edwin Drood《艾德温·德鲁德》—unfinished, his last work （9）1843-1848 5 Christmas Books The Hungry Forties◆ A Christmas Carol《圣诞欢歌》◆The Chimes 《钟声》◆The Cricket on the Hearth《炉边蟋蟀》◆The Battle of Life《人生的战场》◆The haunted Man《被折磨的人》3）Thackeray critical realist writer批判现实主义小说家（1）1833 The National Standard《立宪报》—a bourgeois radical newspaper （2）1842 Punch《笨拙》—humorous and satirical weekly（3）1846-1847 The Snobs of England《势利者集》—satirical sketches （4）1847-1848 Vanity fair《名利场》，副标题是：A Novel Without Hero 源自John Bunyuan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》（5）1849-1850 Pendennis《彭登尼斯》（6）1853-1855 The Newcomes《纽克姆一家》（7）Two historical novels★1852 Henry Esmond《亨利·埃斯德蒙的历史》★1859 The virginians《弗吉尼亚人》—Henry Esmond的续篇（8）Last year of life : Denis Duval—unfinished4）Jane Austen critical realist writer批判现实主义小说家6 novels:●Northanger Abbey《诺桑觉寺》●Sense and sensibility《理智与情感》●pride and prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》1813年出版●Mansfield Park《曼斯菲尔德庄园》●Emma 《艾玛》●Persuasion《劝导》5）The Bronte Sister critical realist writer批判现实主义小说家19Th的小说是Female，三姐妹合出诗集Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell （1）Charlotte Bronte：Jane Eyre《简爱》,Shirley《谢利》，Villette《维莱特》（2）Emily Bronte：1847 Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》（3）Anne Bronte：Agnes Grey，The Tenant of the wildfell Hall6）George Eliot 真名：Mary Ann Evans（1）翻译了Feuerbach的The Essence of Christianity《宗教的本质》（2）The Westminster Review《威斯敏斯特评论》—as an assistant editor（3）Scenes of Clerical Life《教区生活场景》—first three stories for a magazine（4）Three remarkable novels:➢1859 Adam Bede 《亚当·贝德》➢1860 The Mill on the Floss《弗罗斯河上的磨坊》➢1861 Silas Marner《织工马南》（5）1863Romola《罗慕拉》—a historical novel（6）1866Felix Holt the Radical—a novel on political questions（7）1871-1872Middlemarch《米德尔马契》（8）1876 Daniel Deronda《但尼尔·狄隆达》四：The Victorian Age1) Tennyson 维多利亚时代最重要诗人Laureate Poet桂冠诗人，被葬在Westminster Abbey（1）1827 with brothers Poems by two brothers—a little volume（2）1830 first book in his on name Poem,Chrefly Lyrical《歌集》（3）1842 Poems《诗集》—in two volumes（4）Long poems after 1842★1847 The Princess《公主》—medley 杂集★1855 Maud《默德》—monodrama 单人剧★1859-1885 The Idylls of the King《国王叙事诗》—an epic of King Arthur（5）1850 In Memorian《悼念》—a collection of elegies（6）Crossing the Bar 《过沙洲》—death of his 81 years（7）Break, break ,break《冲击，冲击，冲击》2）Robert Browning 诗人，创造“Dramatic Monologue”戏剧独白（1）1833 Pauline 《波林》—first poem（2）1835 Paracelus《帕拉塞尔萨斯》（3）1837 Strafford《斯特拉福》—tragedy（4）1840 Sordello《索尔代洛》（5）1841 Pippa Passes《皮帕经过》—a dramatic poem（6）1841-1846 Bells and Poemgranates《铃铛和石榴》—a series of poems（7）1855 Men and Women《男人和女人》（8）1868-1869 The Ring and the Book《指环与书》—the most famous,2万行诗，12个dramatic monologue（9）Dramatic Lyrics《戏剧抒情诗》，Dramatic Romances《喜剧罗曼史》，Men and Women《男人和女人》，Dramatic Personae《戏剧人生》all use monologue（10）Short lyrics短篇抒情诗★Home Thoughts from Abroad《异国思乡》★The Pied Piper of Hamelin《哈曼林的风笛手》—a narrative poem for children★1889 Asolando《阿索兰多》—published on his death day3）Elizabeth Barrett(Mrs. Browning) 诗人（1）13岁The Battle of Marathon《马拉松战役》（2）1833 翻译了Prometheus Bound《被监禁的普罗米修斯》—Greek tragedy（3）1843 The Cry of the Children《孩子们的哭泣》（4）1847 Sonnets from the Portuguese《葡萄牙十四行诗》—lyrics（5）1851 Casa Guidi Windows《圭迪公寓的窗子》（6）1860 Poems before Congress《在大会以前写成的诗》4）Naturialism 自然主义20世纪后半期流行于欧洲，特别是法国和德国true to life George Gissing:★New Grub Street 《新格鲁勃街》★Charles Dickens：A Critical Study《查尔斯·狄更斯批评论》★The Private Paper of Henry Ryecroft《亨利·赖伊克罗夫特私信集》—part diary, part essays, part confessions, partly autobiographical5）Neo-Romanticism 新浪漫主义at the end of 19th centuryRobert Louis Stevenson:★1878 An Inland V oyage《内陆游记》★1879 Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes《骑驴旅行》★Essay of 3 volumes:➢Virginibus Puerisque《给少年男女》➢Familiar Studies of Men and Book《作家与作品随笔研究》➢Memories and Portraits《回忆与画像》★Treasure Island《宝岛》—romance entitled★Kidnapped《诱拐》，The Black Arrow《黑箭》，The Master of Ballantrae, Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. hyde《化身博士》6）Aestheticism 唯美主义19世纪中叶在欧洲盛行（1）Walter Pater：scholar, critic, essayist★Studies in the History of the Renaissance《文艺复兴历史研究》—简称The Renaissance《文艺复兴》，是代表作★Marius the Epicurean《享乐主义者马里斯》—a philosophic novel★Imaginary Portraits《假面的肖像》★Appreciations《赏析篇》（2）Oscar Wilde：Irish poet, dramatist, novelist, essayist“aesthetic movement”美学运动代表人物主要理论是：为了艺术而艺术art for Arts’ sake★Poems《诗集》★Fairy stories童话故事：The Happy Prince and Other Tales《快乐王子》, A house of Pomegranates《石榴之屋》★ A collection of short stories短篇故事集: Lord Arthur Savile’s Crime and Other Stories《阿瑟·萨维尔勋爵的罪恶》★ A series of critical essays评论集: Intention《意向》★The only novel: The Picture of Dorian Gray《道林·雷格的画像》★ 4 comedies：➢Lady Windermere’s Fan《温德美尔夫人的扇子》➢ A Woman of No Importance《一个无足轻重的女人》➢An Ideal Husband《理想丈夫》➢The Importance of Being Earnest《认真的重要》★One tragedy：Salome《莎乐美》★ A prose work散文作品集：De Profundis《惨痛的呼声》★The Ballads of Reading Gaol《累丁狱之歌》—last work★An essay of social criticism: The Soul of Man Under Socialism 五．20世纪的英国文学1）Thomas Hardy自然主义小说家代表作：Tess of D’Urbervilles 《苔丝》Jude the Obscure《无名的裘德》Far From the Madding crowd《远离尘嚣》2）Bernard Shaw ：critical realist Novelist，dramaist代表作：Pygmalion《皮革马利翁》Window’s house《寡妇的房产》Major Barbar《巴巴拉少校》六：The twentieth Century------Modernism 现代主义The psychological Fiction心理小说（20世纪20、30年代）1）David Herbert Lawrence代表作：Sons and lovers《儿子和情人》The Rainbow《彩虹》Women In Love《恋爱中的女人》2）James Joyce 意识流主要表人物“stream of consciousness”代表作：Ulysses《尤里西斯》A Portrait of the Artist As A Young Man《一个青年艺术家的肖像》Dubliners《都柏林人》3）Virginia Woolf 意识流另一代表人物代表作：To The lighthouse《到灯塔去》，Jacob’s Room《雅各布的房间》The Waves《海浪》，Mrs Dalloway《达罗维夫人》。
英国文学总结(中英文)
名诗：London;The Tiger
Robert Burns彭斯1759-1796
Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集
名诗：The Tree of Liberty自由村;Scots Wha-Hae苏格兰人;The Two Dogs两只狗;Holy Willie’s Prayer威利长老的祈祷;My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心呀在高原;A Red,Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰;John Anderson约翰·安德生,My Jo;A Man’s A Man for A’That不管身在何处都须保持尊严;Robert Bruce’s March toBannockburn
Richard Bringsley Sheridan理查德。谢立丹
The School for Scsanda造谣学校The Rivals情敌
Samuel Johnson塞缪尔·约翰生1709-1784
A Dictionary of the Engligh Language英语语言辞典;Lives of Poets诗人传;Vanity of Human Wishes人类欲望的虚幻;Rasselas拉塞勒斯
(The founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry)
英国文学总结(很好的)
1. Chaucer(1340-1400): The founder of English Poetry, and the founder of English realism, and buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets’Corner”. He was against Catholicism. Language: Middle English.代表作: The Canterbury Tales(1387-1400),其中有故事：Wife of Bath，owner of a cloth factory, lighthearted, merry, somewhat vulgar, and exceedingly talkative。
Married five times and expected to one or two more.2. Thomas More(1478-1535)代表作：Utopia, an ideal communist society, meaning “no place”. 全文分两部分，第一部分：a picture of contemporary England with forcible exposure of the poverty among the laboring classes, the greed and luxury among the rich, and an eagerness for war on the part of the rulers.第二部分：we have a sketch of an ideal commonwealth in some unknown ocean, where property is held in common and there is no poverty.3. Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)代表作：Tamburlaine(1587)-------帖木儿大帝The Jew of Malta(1592)----马耳他岛的犹太人Doctor Faustus(1588)-------浮士德重点介绍：The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, the hero is a young and brilliant scholar. Feature: an insatiable thirst for knowledge.影响力：1.show the spirit of the rising bourgeoisie;2.the theme of his plays is the praise of individuality, the conviction of the boundless possibility of human efforts in conquering the universe, and soaring aspiration after power and knowledge and beauty in their ideal forms. Marlowe：It is Marlowe who first made blank verse(rhymeless iambic pentameter) the principal instrument of English drama.4.Shakespeare: he was born on April 23, 1564, in Stratford-on-Avon. And he died on April 23, 1616, buried in Stratford Church.一. The great comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It and Twelfth Night剧情介绍：it is a beautiful fairy-tale combined with the story of the struggle for happiness of two pairs of lovers: Hermia and Lysander, Helena and Demetrius. 特色：the most lyrical of all his plays, in which elements of Greek mythology and fancifully combined with those of British folklore.2. 威尼斯商人It is a “grave comedy”. It takes its plot from an Italian story. 人物：Bassanio borrowed money from Shylock, and Antonio is Bassanio’s friend. Portia is one of Shakespeare’s ideal women---beautiful, cultured, courteous and capable of rising to an emergency.3.As You Like It.人物：Frederick, Rosalind, Celia, Orlando, Oliver。
英国文学期末重点总结
英国文学期末一.The contributions of Geoffrey Chaucer.1.The first to present a comprehensive and realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all works of life in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales.2.Introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to replace the Old English alliterative verse the first to use heroic couplet.3.Contributed to the establishment of English as the literary language of England, based on London dialect. He raised the language to the higher literary level by writing with a polish and ease.二.The feature of humanism.1.It believed that man is the measure of all things, it stands for devotion to the humane values represented in classical literature.2.Against the medieval feudal value and blind faith in after-life, the humanists believed in man's capability of self perfection and emphasized the importance of personal worth and the joy of the present life.三.The character of Shylock.1.Shylock's demand for a pound of flesh has made him one of literature's most memorable villains, but many readers and play gores have found him a powerful and sympathetic figure.Shakespeare makes him seem more human by showing that his hatred is born of the mistreatment he has suffered in a christian society.2.At the same time, when the Merchant of Venice was created, anti-semitism prevailed in England.Traits of the stereotyped Jews:greedy, miserly, cruel, full of hatred and revenge, devoid of gentility and interests in music and poetry.3.In a word,he is a Jews usurer,mean, greedy,cunning,cruel,vengeful,merciless,a,sophist,but also a victim of racial discrimination and religious persecution.四.Metaphysical conceit.A conceit is a figure of speech which makes an unusual and sometimes elaborately sustained comparison between two dissimilar things.五.Features of Neoclassicism.1.Reason emphasized: it is inartistic to show unrestrained emotion in lit,reason,order,regularity are admired rather than fancy and imagination.2.Form is stressed rather than content: craftsmanship, balance,proportion,harmony,grace,poetic diction; "what oft was thought, but never so well expressed."(pope)3.Didactic and satirical: writer had the duty to educate as well as entertain people, satire being an effective means of correcting people's folly and weakness.4.City life and man-made object preferred: city life gives a sense of order while rural wild life, natural landscape were coarse, chaotic and disorderly.六.The character of Robinson Crusoe.A real hero, a typical 18th century English middle class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against hostile natural environment and also against human fate.七.Gulliver's Travels.1.Four travels:a. Lilliput (6-inch high people):An allegory of English politics in the early 18th century when the Whigs and Tories were fighting bitterly for the control of the country.Exposure of the corruption,political and religious strife and social vices.b.Brobdingnag,a mock utopia. The inhabitants of the country are gentle and peace,loving and ruled by a fair and merciful king; Gulliver,in contrast,seems petty,vindictive and cruel;The giants are superior the human beings both in wisdom and in humanity.c.The kingdom of Laputa, a flying island and its colonies;the so called philosophers and scientists engrossed in abstract speculation and useless experiments;containing criticism of the malpractices and false illusions about science,philosophy,history and immortality in early 18th C.d.The land of the Houyhnms,the horse are governed totally by reason and created a society perfectly ordered and peaceful the Yahoos are greedy,envious,cruel anddisgusting bruts.The Yahoos represent the worst traits in human nature,and the lowest level to which man might sink.2.The significance of this book.Gulliver's Travel is a biting satire,both humorous and critical,attacking British and European society through its description of imaginary countries.As a whole,the book is one of the most effective and devastating satires of all aspects in the English and European life......socially,politically,religiously, philosophical scientifically and morally.Caused critical controversy,often mistaken for a misanthropist.八.The significance of Tom Jones.The novel is admirable for the panoramic view of the 18th C English society;about 40 characters are portrayed from nearly all classes of society;the setting is wide-ranging and varied, shifting from the country to the city.The superb plot contruction; 18 books equally divided into 3 sections,clearly marked out by the change of scenes; classical effect of balance.九.The features of Romanticism.1.A strong reaction and protest against the bondage of rules and conventions;favored innovations in subject and form.2.Turned the nature,particularly the rural,wild landscape, for its poetic imagery and subject matter.3.Admired passion and imagination;regarded passion, imagination and originality as something crucial for true poetry.4.Interested in the ancient, the exotic,the uncivilized way of life;turned the the primitive literature for inspiration and models.5.Emphasis upon the individuality of people as against the neoclassicist s’ stress on social virtues.十.Wordsworth's Theory.In the preface the the second edition of lyrical Ballads he explained his poetic theory.It is regarded as the declaration of Romanticism.1.Good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.mon life as subject,scenes and events of everyday life,joys and sorrows of thecommon people most suitable for poetry.3.Simple language:the fresh ,living everyday speech is most suitable for poetry.4.Return the nature,nature as a teacher,the stepping stone between God and Man.十一.What's Byronic Hero?1.The Byronic Hero is an idealized but flawed character exemplified in the life and writings of Lord Byron.2.This Byronic Hero would shoulder the burden of righting all the wrongs in the world and fight alone against any type of tyranny.十二.What's the author's opinion about marriage in Pride and Prejudice?1.We must have good judgment if we want to form good relationships in life.2.Our first impression ually wrong.Maturity is achieved through the loss of illusions.3.She regarded love and marriage as the typical theme of her novel,her ideal marriage have three elements:true love ,personal merits and money.十三.Features of Dickens' work.1.His works offer a most complete and realistic picture of the English society of his age.2.He believed in the moral self-perfection of class contradictions.There is a tendency for a reconciliation of class contradictions.3.Almost all his novels have happy endings.4.He drew a lot from the experiences of his childhood.5.As a humorist, his novel are full of humor and laughter.十四.Theme of the Vanity Fair.Selfishness and corruption of the upper classes;Showing a society which judges people on money and appearance and ignores the true virtues.十五.The character of Jane Eyre.1.Jane is intelligent,well educated,industrious,compassion:ate,and morally upright,with an independent spirit.2.A woman of high principle,religious faith self-respect and moral strength.3.Desire for independence,self-identification and self-fulfilment.4.For this Charlotte is considered a forerunner of feminism and Jane Eyre a feminist novel.十六．有特殊地位的作家1.Geoffrey Chaucer:Father of English Literature.2.William Shakespeare:The master of language.3.John Donne: Father of the Metaphysical poetry.4.John Milton：The greatest poet of 17th C.5.Three poet laureate:William Wordsworth ; Alfred Lord Tennyson ; Southey6.Daniel Defoe: Father of English novel.7.Charles Dickens: The greatest representative of critical realism.8.James Joyce: Father of stream of consciousness novel.9.Henry Fielding: Father of English realistic novel.10.William Blake: The forerunner of Romanticism.ke poets:William Wordsworth; Coleridge; Southey十七．各个时期的文学潮流1.The Anglo-Saxon period and The Anglo-Norman period: epic and romance.2.The renaissance:humanism.3.The period of revolution and restoration: metaphysical poets.4.The age of Enligtenment: neoclassicism; Gothic novel ; sentimentalism ; Pre-romantic poetry ; drama ; chivalry.5.The romantic period: lake poets ; Byronic hero ; ode6.The victorian age: critical realism; romantically and realistically; novel。
英国文学知识点整理
英国文学知识点整理不同的分类，会有交叉。
有交叉，才能理解，才能清晰，才能快速记忆，这才是真正的笔记。
(一)各个时期的文学创作术语中世纪文学时期Medieval Literature英雄双韵体the heroic couplet【特点】两行两行押韵，也被称作五步抑扬格iambic pentameter【创始人】杰弗里·乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer文艺复兴时期Renaissance十四行诗sonnet【特点】1韵律：一行隔一行押韵一节中的最后一行又与下一节的第一行押韵第四节只有两行独自押韵，一共十四行。
例一：abab bcbc cdcd ee例二：abab bcbc efef gg 2行数：十四行【创始人】威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare斯宾塞诗体Spenserian【特点】1韵律：韵律复杂，具有音乐性2行数：每节九行【创始人】埃德蒙·斯宾塞Edmund Spenser 素体诗blank verse没有押韵道德剧Morality Play神秘剧Mystery Play奇迹剧Miracle Play抑扬格四音步iambic tetrameter书信体意识流stream of consciousness(二)各种荣誉称谓"之父"称号Title作家主要作品时代流派英国诗歌之父Father of English Poetry杰弗里·乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer坎特伯雷故事集The Canterbury TalesMedieval Literature 十四世纪英国小说之父Father of English Novels丹尼尔·笛福Daniel Defoe鲁宾逊漂流记The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson CrusoeEnlightenment 18世纪Realistic西欧历史小说之父The Father of Western European Historical Novel沃尔特·司各特Walter Scott密得洛西恩监狱The Heart of MidlothianRealistic Literature十九世纪Romanticism桂冠诗人Poet Laureate约翰·德莱顿John Dryden阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生Alfred Tennyson【作品】记忆方式伊诺克·阿登。
英语专业英国文学总结
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、头韵体代表作：The Song of Beowulf《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法【Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法）和metaphor暗语understatement婉转表达】3、散文Bede比德Alfred二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)1、romance 传奇文学佚名诗人：代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗2、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期① the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父②heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)③代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)3、Langland 朗格兰Piers the plowman《农夫彼尔斯》4、Malory 马罗礼Le Morte D'Arthur亚瑟王之死5、Popular Ballads大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed 代表人物：Bishop Thomas Percy 托马斯.帕希主教代表作：Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale 罗宾汉和阿林代尔三、The Renaissance (16世纪) 文艺复兴时期十四行诗sonnet和对白体无韵诗（主体）1、key work: humanism 人文主义：admire human beauty and human achievement2、代表人物：（第一阶段）1)、Thomas More 托马斯.莫尔Utopia 乌托邦Book two is more important2）、Wyatt 魏阿特1st man to introduce into England sonnet3)、Surrey 萨利1st man to reform sonnet/ to use blank verse/ to use sonnet series（二、伊莉沙白时代:)4)、Sidney 锡特尼（田园）阿斯特罗菲尔与斯黛拉Astrophel and StellaApology for poetry 诗辨（人文主义、文学批评）5）Spenser斯宾塞（田园）poet's poet① The Faerie Queene仙后(epic poem 史诗) The Shepherds Calendar牧人日历② Amoretti爱情小唱Epithalamion婚后曲Colin Clouts Come Home Againe柯林•克劳特回来了Foure Hymnes四首赞美歌6）、Lyly 李雷Euphues 尤菲倚斯7)、Marlowe马洛（戏剧）Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧（代表作）desire for knowledgeTamburlaine帖木耳大帝desire for powerThe Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人desire for moneyblank verse(无韵体：不押韵的五步抑扬格) 是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。
英国文学要点总结
英国Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。
2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。
3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。
4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。
5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。
英国文学史--英国文学总结2
英国文学总结2Part IV The Renaissance(Europe 1300s – 1600s)1.It was a time when .according to Thomas More,-------sheep devouredmen.(羊吃人的年代)2.Renaissance(文艺复兴) Europe 1300s – 1600s：Renaissance is anessential culture movement in the period between the 14th and middle 17th century. It first started in Italy with a flowering, sculpture and literature, emerged in 1485~1660 the renaissance is a revival of ancient Roman and Greek culture and then humanism is the essence of renaissance.Many forms of works appeared in this period. In England Shakespeare isa represent and his major work is Hamlet and others. His works achievedmuch in literature.3.Humanism人文主义：First employed by 19th-century German scholars todesignate the Renaissance emphasis on classical studies (grammar, poetry, rhetoric, history, and philosophy)4.At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist ThomasMore(1478-1535) wrote his Utopia(1516) in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people’s sufferings and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.5.Thus Wyatt was the first to introduce the sonnet into Englishliterature.6.Renaissance poetry two greatest poets---Philip Sidney (began sonnet) Edmund Spencer–the poets’ poet： The masterpiece : The Fairy Queen。
英语专业英美文学文学汇总
Literature terms1Epic : a long narrative poem telling about the deedsof a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.（史诗）2Romance:It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.（传奇文学）3Heroic Couplet: the rhymedcouplet ofiambic pentameter. (英雄双韵体)4Iambic Pentameter: is the most common Englishmeter, in which each foot contains an unaccentedsyllable and an accented syllable. (五音步抑扬格)meter 格律foot音步5ballad:is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.（歌谣）6Sonnet: It is a lyric poem of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme.（十四行诗）7Blank verse: is a type of poetry, distinguished by having a regular meter, but no rhyme.（无韵诗）8Soliloquy: an utterance or discourse by a person who is talking to himself/ herself or is disregardful of or oblivious to any hearers present (often used as a device in a drama to disclose a character’s innermost thoughts); 2. theact of talking while or as if alone(独白)9Classicism: Aesthetic attitudes and principles manifested in the art, architecture, and literature of ancient Greece and Rome and characterized by emphasis on form, simplicity, proportion, and restraint. Classicism was popular in Europe in the 18th century.（古典主义）10Neo-classicism: neo-classicism imitated the characteristics of Roman writers, including Horace, Virgil, Cicero, etc., in the days of Augustus. They tried to make English literature conform to rules and principles established by the great Roman and Greek classical writers. In writing plays, they used rhyme and couplet instead of blank verse, observed the trinity --- the unity of time, place and action.（新古典主义）11An epistolary novel is a novel written as a series of documents. The usual form is letters, although diary entries, newspaper clippings and otherdocuments are sometimes used.（书信体小说）12Sentimentalism is one of the important trends in English literature of the middle and later decades of the 18th century. It justly criticized the cruelty of the capitalist relations and the gross social injustices brought about by the bourgeoisrevolutions. It embraces a pessimistic outlook and blames reason and the Industrial Revolution, marked by a sinceresympathyforthepoverty-stricken ,expropriated peasants.(感伤主义)Romanticism: Romanticism is a literary trend. It prevails in England during the period 1798-1832. romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social strata who were discontent with and opposed to the development of capitalism. They split into two groupsbecause of the different attitudes toward the capitalist society.（浪漫主义）Ode is a lyric poem of some length that honors an individual, a thing, a trait dealing with a lofty theme in a dignified manner. The form dates back to classical times and is originally intended to be sung at festivals or in plays.Brief Outline of British Literature：works1. Early and Medieval English Literature1) The Anglo-Saxon Period (449-1066)National epic:The Song of Beowulf2) The Anglo-Norman Period (1066-1350)Arthurian Romance: Sir Gawain andGreen Knight3) Geoffrey Chaucer1340-1400：Messenger of HumanismThe first important realistic writer“Father” of English poetryThe Canterbury Talesthe wife of Bath（巴斯夫人）,the Knight（骑士）,the Pardoner（卖赎罪卷者）,the Nun’s Priest（尼姑的教士）,the Prologue（序诗）.The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》The Book of the Duchess《悼公爵夫人》Troilus and Criseyde《特罗伊洛斯和克瑞西德》Thomas MaloryMorte d’Arthur (Death of Arthur)《亚瑟之死》William LanglandPiers the Plowman[Boccaccio薄伽丘：Decameron《十日谈》Ovid奥维德:《爱的艺术》《变形记》]2. The English Renaissance (16 century)Thomas MoreUtopiaChristopher Marlowe克里斯托弗·马洛First person used blank verseDeath of Arthur 《亚瑟之死》Tamburlaine the Great «帖木儿大帝»The Jew of Malta «马尔他岛的犹太人»The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus«浮士德博士的悲剧»Hero and Leander《海洛和利安得》The Passionate Shepherd to His Love《牧羊人的恋歌》William Shakespeareone of the founders of realism in world literature as well as in English literatureV enus and Adonis《维纳斯与安东尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece《鲁克里斯受辱记》Four tragedies：Hamlet《哈姆雷特》Othello《奥塞罗》King Lear《李尔王》Macbeth《麦克白》Four comedies：A Midsummer Night’s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》The Merchant of V enice《威尼斯商人》As You Like It《皆大欢喜》Twelfth Night《第十二夜》Ben Jonson本·琼森first poet- laureateafterShakespeare the most eminent writer for the Elizabethan stagethe greatest dramatist after Shakespearethe founder of the so-called “Comedy of Humors”,Every Man in His Humor《人人高兴》Every Man Out of His Humor《人人扫兴》Volpone 《福尔蓬奈》the Fox《狐狸》The Alchemist《炼金术士》Sir Thomas Wyatt托马斯·怀亚特Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey 亨利·霍华德·萨里伯爵Sir Philip Sidney 西德尼Astrophel and Stella《爱星者和星星》Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》The Defence of Poetry《诗辩》Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞the Poet’s poet , a model of poetical artgreatest non-dramatic poet of his timefirst master of English verseThe Shepherd’s Calendar《牧人月历》Amoretti 《爱情小诗》The FairyQueen《仙后》Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根The father of experimental philosophyThe most important prose writer of the Elizabethan Agethe first English essayistthe founder of English materialist philosophy.The Advancement of Learning《学术的进展》The Novum Organum (The New Instrument)《新工具》The New Atlantis《新大西岛》The Essays 《散文集》(Of Studies)3. The Period of The English Bourgeois Revolution(17 century)John Milton约翰·弥尔顿the smartest man in Europea master of the blank verseParadise Lost《失乐园》Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》Lycidas 《利西达斯》Comus《科玛斯》a masque《假面剧》John Bunyan约翰·班扬Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinner《功德无量》The Life and Death of Mr. Badman《恶人先生的生平和死亡》《贝德曼先生的一生》The Holy War《神圣战争》John Donne约翰·邓恩Founder of Metaphysical poetry选学派诗人Songs and Sonnets《歌与短歌》Holy sonnet《圣十四行诗》Divine poem《神圣诗歌》Elegies and Satire《挽歌与讽刺诗》Meditations《冥想》/《沉思》4. The Age of Enlightenment (18 century)Alexander Pope亚历山大·蒲柏Essay on Criticism《论批评》The Rape of the Lock《夺发记》Joseph Addison约瑟夫·艾狄生andRichard Steel理查德·斯蒂尔The Tatler and The SpectatorDaniel Defoe丹尼尔·笛福18世纪启蒙时期现实主义小说的奠基人Robinson CrusoeCaptain Singleton《辛格顿船长》ColonelJacque《杰克上校》Moll Flanders《茉尔·弗兰德丝》A Journal of the Plague Year《瘟疫记事》Jonathan Swift乔纳森·斯威夫特One of the greatest masters of English prosea master satiristGulliver’s TravelsA Tale of a Tub 《一个木桶的故事》The Battle of Books《书的战争》The Drapier’s Letters《一个麻布商的书信》A Modest Proposal《一个小小的建议》Samuel Richardson 塞谬尔·理查逊Pamela《帕美勒》Clarissa: Or the History of a Young Lady《克拉丽莎》The History of Sir Charles Grandison《查尔斯·葛兰底森爵士传》Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁最早的现实主义小说理论家现实主义小说奠基人Tom Jones《汤姆˙琼斯》Don Quixote in England《唐吉诃德在英国》Pasqin《巴斯昆》The Historical Register for the Year 1736《一七三六年历史记事》The Tragedy of Tragedies or The Life and Death of Tom Thumb the Great 《悲剧的悲剧：或伟人汤姆传》Joseph Andrews《约瑟夫˙安德鲁斯的经历》Jonathan Wild the Great《大伟人乔纳森˙魏尔德》Amelia《阿米丽亚》Samuel Johnson塞缪尔·约翰逊As Lexicographer orThe Dictionary of the English Language英语词典Oliver Goldsmith戈德史密斯Anovelist and poet belongs to the school of Sentimentalism She Stoops to Conquer《屈伸求爱》The Vicar of Wakefield 《威克菲尔德牧师传》The Traveler and The Deserted VillageThe Citizen of the World《世界公民》Richard BrinsleySheridan 谢里丹The School for Scandal 《造谣学校》Comedy of Manners风尚喜剧Thomas Gray 格雷-------- sentimentalismOn the Death of a Favorite Cat《爱猫之死》Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard《墓园挽歌》The Progress of Poetry《诗的发展》The Correspondence of Thomas Gray《格雷书信集》William Blake威廉布莱克Tiger《老虎》Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》Songs of Experience《经验之歌》The Marriage of Heaven and Hell《天堂与地狱的婚姻》Robert Burns-罗伯特彭斯--- pre-romanticismthe most famous poets of the peasants in the worldA red red rose《我的爱人像朵红红的玫瑰》5. Romanticism in England (19 century)PoetryWilliam Wordsworth华兹华斯The prelude《序曲》Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud《我好似一朵流云独自漫步》To the 《咏水仙》S. T. Coleridge柯林律治The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子咏》《古水手谣》Kubla khan《忽必烈汗》George Gordon Byron乔治戈登拜伦Oneofthemost excellent representatives of English Romanticismone of the most influential poets of the timeHours of Idleness《闲暇时刻》Child Har old’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》.Don Juan《唐璜》She Walks in BeautyPercy Bysshe Shelley雪莱Prometheus Unbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》Queen Mab 《仙后麦布》Address to the Irish People《告爱尔兰人书》The Revolt of Islam《伊斯兰的反叛》The Masque of Anarchy《暴政的行列》The Cenci《钦契一家》A Defence of Poetry《诗辩》The Necessity of Atheism《无神论的必要性》Ode to the West Wind10. To a Skylark《致云雀》John Keats济慈Lamia《莱米亚》Endymion《恩底弥翁》On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer《初读查普曼译荷马史诗》Isaabella 《伊莎贝拉》The Eve of St. Agnes《圣·爱格尼斯节前夕》Hyperion《赫坡里昂》On a Grecian Urn 《希腊古瓮颂》To Autumn《秋颂》On Melancholy《忧郁颂》To a Nightingale 《夜莺颂》Prose fictionWalter Scott司各特the first novelist to recreate the pastWaverleyOld MoralityRob RoyThe Heart of MidlothianIvanhoe《艾凡赫》Rob RoyNovelJane Austen 简·奥斯丁Northanger Abbey《诺桑觉寺》Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》Mansfield Park《曼斯菲尔德花园》Emma《爱玛》Persuasion 《劝告》Romantic essayCharles Lamb查尔斯·兰姆Tales from Shakespeare《莎士比亚戏剧故事集》Album VersesEssays of Elia《伊利亚随笔》William Hazlitt威廉·赫列特Thomas De Quincey托马斯·德·昆西6. The Victorian Age --- Critical Realism inEngland (19 century)NovelCharles Dickens查尔斯·狄更斯Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》The Old Curiocity Shop《老古玩店》The Pickwick Papers《匹克威克外传》fill in the BlanksBeowulf is a folk legend brought to England by the Anglo-Saxons from their primitive Northern Europe.Beowulf was passed down from mouth to mouth.Beowulf was written down in the 10th century.Humanism refers to the literary culture in the Renaissance.Humanism became the central theme of English Renaissance. Thomas More and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanistsHumanism is the idea that man has a potential for culture which distinguishes him from lower orders of beings, and which he should strive constantly to fulfill.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation and the economic expansion.Early Plays in Middle Agesinclude The Miracle Play奇迹剧The Morality Play道德剧The Interlud幕间休息剧The Classical Drama古典剧The immediate predecessors of Shakespeare were a group of men from the two universities of Oxford and Cambridge, who were generally known as the University WitsThe key-note of Hamlet’s character is melancholy，and there can be no Hamlet without melancholyHamlet is a hero of the RenaissanceHamlet’s learning , wisdom, noble nature,limitation and tragedy are all representative of the humanists at the turn of the 17th and the 16th centuries. Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms: the song, the sonnet, the couplet, and the dramatic blank verse;He was a great master of English language;He was the summit of the English Renaissance and one of the great writers all over the world.Adam andEveembody Milton’s belief in thepowers of man, craving (longing) for knowledge.Satan is a rebel against tyranny and Satan and his followers resemble a republican ParliamentEnglish enlighteners believed in the power of reason. That is why the 18th century has often been called “the age of reason” or “the kingdom of reason”.Most of the enlighteners believed that social problems could be solved by human intelligence.this period was characterized by the so-called neo-classicism of which the leading figure was Alexander Pope.The representative of Periodical Literature in Early 18th Century England: Addison and SteeleThe best part of Robinson Crusoe is the realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinson alone against the pitiless forces of nature on the island.A social fable consists of four books. The hero of the novel is Lemuel Gulliver, a doctor. telling about his fantastic visits to some unbelievable places, in which the inhabitants are Lilliputians,the giants Brobdingnagians, Yahoos, and Houyhnhnms.The features of the Romantic writingsa dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society.Romantic writings are filled with strong-willed heroes or even titanic images, formidable events and tragic situations, powerful conflicting passions andexotic picturesThe romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of manPersonified nature plays an important role in the pages of Romantic writingsThe publication of the “Lyrical Ballads” marked the break with the conventional poetical tradition of the 18th centuryi wandered lonely contains four six-lined stanzas of iambic tetrameter.The poem is about The beauty of natureQuestion1What is Literature？Literature refers to the practice and profession of writing. It comes from human interest in telling a story, in arranging words in artistic forms, in describing in words some aspects of human experiences.2What is Renaissance?1. DefinitionThe Renaissance (14th – mid-17th century), which means rebirth and revival. The renaissance, therefore, in essence, is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church(罗马天主教堂).It is characterized with the growth of a more scientific outlook, major development in art and literature, new invention and overseas discoveries and a general assertion of human value and emancipation(解放) of the human intellect and power.3Summarize the periods of Shakespeare’s literary career and achievements？Shakespeare’s Literary Career⏹Four successive periods with increasing maturity◆1588-1593, the Period of Experiment and Preparation●Richard III, a melodramatic chronicle-history play, largely imitative of Marlowe and yet showing striking power●At the end of this period Shakespeare issued two rather long narrative poems on classical subjects, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece◆1594-1601, the second period Shakespeare’s work, filled with chronicle-history plays and comedies●Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, etc.●Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado about Nothing, As You Like It●Romeo and Juliet◆1601-1609, the third period of Shakespeare’s literary career, in which appeared Shakespeare’s great tragedies and certain cynical plays●In these plays, Shakespeare sets himself to grapple with the deepest and darkest problems of human characters and life●Shakespeare’s four great tragedies⏹Hamlet: the struggle of a perplexed and divided soul/self⏹Othello: the ruin of a noble life/ man by an evil one through the terrible power of jealousy⏹King Lear: unnatural ingratitude working its hateful will and yetthwarted at the end by its own excess and by faithful love⏹Macbeth: the destruction of a large nature by material ambition◆After 1609, the fourth period of Shakespeare’s literary career, a periodof romance-comedies●Shakespeare did not solve the insoluble problems of life, but having presented them as powerfully, perhaps, as is possible for human intelligence, he turned in his last period to the expression of the serene philosophy of life●Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale, and The Tempest(1) Shakespeare is one of the founders of realism in world literature. He maintains that the purpose of dramatic performance is "to hold, as it were, the mirror up to nature". In his works, he paints the decline of the old feudal nobility and the vice of the new Tudor monarch. Besides,his plays have good plots and life-like characters too. His dramais an expression, a monument of the English Renaissance since he wrote about his own people for his own time.(2)Shakespeare is amazingly prolific Within 22 years, he produced 37 plays, 154 sonnets,and 2 long poems. No two of his play invoke the same feeling or image among the audience. He is a master-hand for every form of drama-comedy, tragedy, and historical plays. He gives us a world of full-blooded people who live and struggle, suffer and rejoice-representing all the complexitiesand implications of real life.(3)Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms: the song, the sonnet, the couplet, andthe dramatic blank verse. And he is a great master of the English language. He used avocabularylarger than any other English writersMany ofhis new coinage and turns of expressions havebecome every-day usage in English life. Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of the EnglishBible are the two great treasures of the English language.(4)Hence, Shakespeare has been universallyacknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers the world over.3Chaucer’s Contribution？1. He introduced from Italy and France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (heroic couplet) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.2. He was the first great poet who wrote in English language (Middle English), thus establishing English as the literary language.3. He did much in making the London dialect the foundation for modern English language4What is the Enlightenment Movement?The 18th century marked the beginning of an intellectual movement in Europe, known as the Enlightenment, which was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism.What is romanticism? What about its feature?1. The general feature is a dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society.2. Their writings are filled with strong-willed heroes or even titanic images, formidable events and tragic situations, powerful conflicting passions andexotic pictures.3. The romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual andemotional life of man.Personified nature plays an important role in the pages of their works.文学赏析Beowulf:---national epic(1) Goodness conquers evil. (Beowulf stands for all that is good, brave and proper, while the monsters stand for evil.)(2) Men against nature (The poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.)(3) Judge the greatness of a human being by the greatness of his deeds and his noble ancestry.(4) Help thy neighbor. (Beowulf risks his life to help a neighbor, King Hrothgar, in trouble.)(5) Forces of darkness—irrational, menacing—are always at work in society.The writing features of Beowulf1). The most important is in alliterative(头韵的) verse and in artistic form.2). Another is the frequent use of metaphorsand understatements(暗含的意义) forironical humor.The Faerie(Fairy) Queene and Commentsa long poem1 The dominating thoughts of it: nationalism, humanism and Puritanism2 The Spenserian stanza: a verse form consisting of 8 iambic pentameter lines followed by a ninth line of 6 iambic feet with the rhyme scheme ababbcbcc.3 The Faerie Queene is the first national epic of England in the age of the Renaissance. It expresses the poet’s patriotic feelings of national greatness, and voices the moral ideals of the English aristocracy as embodied in the noble, virtuous and brave knight.The Image of Hamlet1. He is a humanist free from medievalprejudice and superstition. He has love for the world rather than heaven, he cherishes a firm belief in man’s power and destiny.2. He loves good and hates evil. He adore his father, loves Ophelia and greets his school-fellows with hearty welcome, while he is disgusted withhis uncle’s drunkenness and shocked by his mother’s shallowness3. His intellectual genius is outstanding. He is a close observer. He can easily see through people. His quick perception drives him to penetrate below the surface of things and question what others take for granted. He is scholar, soldier and statesman. His image reflects the versatility of the men of the Renaissance.The Merchant of V eniceThe traditional themeTo praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew.The modern interpretationTo regard the play as a satire of the Christians’hypocrisy and their false standards of friendship and love, their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against Jews, here represented by ShylockParadise lost1. The theme of the poem is a revolt against God’s aut hority.2. God: selfish despot暴君,cruel, unjust3. Adamand Eve embody Milton’s belief in the powers of man, craving (longing) for knowledge4. God’s angels are foolish, resembling the court of an absolute monarch.5. Satan is a rebel against tyranny(专制，暴行) and Satan and his followers resemble arepublican ParliamentThe Image of Satan1. Satan is the real hero of the poem.2. He is firmer than the rest of the angels.3. He has an invincible(战无不胜的) heart.4. Satan remains superior in nobility and welcomes his defeat and his torments as a glory, a liberty and a joy;5. Satan is the spirit questioning the authority of God.6. Milton makes Satan as his own mouthpiece(代言人).The Pilgrim’s ProgressBunyan’s language1.Bunyan’s language is chiefly plain and collo quial and quite modern in comparison with that of the writers of the Renaissance.2. His language is clear, vivid, natural, homely (朴实的), fluent, musical and powerful.3. He paved the way not only in language style but also in writing technique of novels, for the novelists of the 18th century as Swift and Defoe.The image of Robinson Crusoe1.One of the representative of the rising bourgeoisie2. An enterprising Englishman3. A laborer, a hard-working industrious and intelligent man.4. A typical colonizer, explorer, and a foreign trader.5.He is alert, vigorous and resourcefulBlake’s poems such as tiger 《老虎》and comments on Blank(1) Blake’s poems seem easy but difficult to understand for his mmysterious images andsymbols, unless versed in ( skilled at )religious knowledge.(2) Blake’s poems are full of emotionandapparentpresentation of his progressive democratic idea in symbolismComments1) Blake was opposed to the classicism of the 18th century.2) His poems were full of romantic spirit, imagery symbolism and revolutionary spirit.3) He was a Pre-Romanticist or forerunner of the romantic poetry of the 19th century.Comments on Burns & His Poems1. Burns was one of the most famous poetsof the peasants in the world.2. He obtained the characteristic of all old Scottish songs: simplicity, vividness, humor, directness and optimism, with anew spirit of romanticism.Explanation William Wordsworth poem i wandered lonely【赏析】：这首诗写于诗人从法国回来不久。
英国文学期末考试总结
英国文学期末考试总结Part 1单选.1. old English period 作家的写作特点(alliteration, frequent use of kenning ?)2. The Period of Anglo-Saxon is AD450-1066.3. Alexander PopeWhy can’t he get formal education? (他是Catholicism，disable, )He belongs to Scriblerus Club （涂鸦社）. He lives in enlightenment（英国启蒙运动时期古典主义诗人）主要代表作：An Essay on Criticism; Essay on Man; The Rape of the lock;The Dunciad.4. CharlesDickensFirst novel: Oliver TwistTale of 2 cities 描述了：This is a novel telling about individual destinies ina gigantic and turbulent social change like the French Revolution.5. Daniel DefoeHe is a father of English novel for Robinson CrusoeHe was arrested because wrote sth against Tory(本来是在Tory 党工作，但他政治上偏向Whig)6. Emma 嫁给了Mr George Knightley（不是John Knightley）Jane Austen第一部小说的nickname是A ladyShe usually writes about young girls dilemma in love and marriage. Characters in her novel(小说中的女主角均追求与男子思想感情的平等交流与沟通，要求社会地位上的平等权利，坚持独立观察、分析和选择男子的自由。
英国文学总结
英国文学总结1.Epic2.Legend/doc/ee3650566.html,edy4.Blank verse5.Tradedy6.Heroic couplet7.Novel8.Essay9.Sonnet二．文章选段1.Reading make a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory, if he confer little, he had need have a present wit, and if he read little, he had need have more cunning, to seem to know that he do not. Histories make men wise; poets, witty the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep, moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.Q:1.This passage is taken from a famous essay written by ____2.What is the title of the essay?3.What do you think of the language of this essay?A:1,Francis Bacon2,OF STUDY3.The sentences are short, pointed, incisive and often of balanced structure.2.It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.However little known the feeling s of views of such a man may be on his first enterin ga neighborhood, this truth is so wellfixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.Q:1. This passage is the opening of a novel entitled__2.The writer of the novel is the first famous woman novelist__3.What is the style of the passage__4.What is the passage describing___A:1.Pride and prejudice2.Jane Austen3.The style is lucid and graceful, with rouches of humor and mild satire. The conversations areinteresting and amusing, and immediately bring the characters to life.The author only inserts her observations occasionally.4.It is describing the parents of Bennet girls. Mr and Mrs Bennet are busy considering theprospects of their daughters’marriages, shortly after hearing of the arrival of a rich, unmarried young man as their neighbor. Mild satire may be found here in the author’s seemingly matter of fact description of very ordinary, practical family conversation, though unmistakable sympathy is given to both Mr and Mrs. Bennet.3.They graduaaly ascended for half a mile, and then found themselves at the top of a considerableeminence, where the wood ceased, and the eye was instantly caught by Pemberley House…It was a large, handsome, stone building, standing well on rising ground, and backed by a ridge of high woody hills…She had never seen a place where nature hand done more… and at thatmoment she felt that to be mistress of Pemberley might besomething!Q:1.The passage is taken from__written by __2.she in this passage refers to ___3.what is your interpretation to the sentence”at that moment she lfelt that to be mistress ofPemberley might be something”A1.Pride and aprejudice2.Elizabeth Bennet复习笔记1)John Milton 特别重要的事Paradise Lost ,知道它是Blank V erse, 故事情节来自OldTestament2)John Milton (Paradise Lost ) 和John Bunyan (The Pilgrim’s progress) 都取材于圣经。
英国文学笔记总结
英国文学笔记总结English LiteratureWhat is literature?It is an art that uses language as a medium. This art is something imaginative, fictional and created to reflect life or record human dreams or human ideas .Literary Periods449-1485 The Old (Anglo-Saxon) and Medieval (Middle)English Literature1485-1603 English Literature in the Renaissance Period1603-1660 English Literature in the Seventeenth Century1660-1798 English Literature in the Eighteenth Century1798-1832 English Literature in the Romantic Period1832-1901 English Literature in the Victorian Age1901- English Literature of the Twentieth CenturyThe social, political and ideological conditions of each period of English LiteratureThe prevailing literary trends and schools of the timeLiterary TermsExample :genre---a type or class of literatureIn English literature, the main generic division today is into poetry, drama and the novel, but in earlier times the major genres were recognized asepic, tragedy, lyric, comedy and satire.(Literary Terms and Criticism by John Peck and Martin Coyle) mode---a recognized type or kind of work within a genre, such as the sonnet or the realistic novel.Do you agree that these definitions of the genres or of themodes can help us to identify what is distinctive about specific works of literature? Why or why not?Another popular division:1 Fiction: it is referred to as creative or figurative expression of life.four genres ---novels, short stories, plays and poems.2 non-fiction(essay): it is referred to a literal expression of life or discursive writing. description, narration, exposition , and argumentation. What is poetry?Poetry is a kind of writing that formulates a concentrated imaginative awareness of experience in language chosen and arranged to create a specific emotional response through its meaning, sound, and rhythm. Types of Poetry1 lyric poetryIt expresses the thoughts and feelings of the poet elegies, odes, and sonnets2 Narrative PoetryIt tells a story or presents a narrative3 Dramatic PoetryIt is written in the form of a speech of an individual character to an imaginary audienceThe Anglo-Saxon Period(449-10661 Anglo-Saxon Conquest1.1 The making of Englandthree tribes :Angles, Saxons and JutesAnglo-Saxon Conquest ( the 5th century)Angles-the east midland-kingdom of East AnglesSaxons- the southern part of the island EnglandJutes - the southeastern corner of the islandAnglo-Saxon ConquestAnglo-Saxons---- Angles, Saxons and JutesEnglishmenLanguage---- the Old English (foundation)The history of English literature beganCharacteristics of Anglo-Saxon Literature or the Old English LiteratureGeneral Characteristicsa verse literature in oral form/ unknown creators /a written form long after its compositionThe two divisions of Anglo-Saxon 1literatureTwo divisions: pagan , Christian (textbook)English Poetry in Anglo-Saxon periodthe pagan poetry (Beowulf) ,the religious poetry ( see textbook)2.2.3 English Prose in Anglo-Saxon periodAnglo-Saxon PoetryWhat is the oldest surviving epic in British literature?written by an anonymous scribe (an unknown scribethe national epic of the English peopledescribes the adventures of a great Scandinavian hero Beowulf of the sixth century3182 linesa written form long after its compositionWhat are the main incidents of the poem Beowulf?The Subject Matter of The Song of BeowulfFour incidents of the poemBeowulf’s fight with the monster Grendel in Hrothgar’s hall. Beowulf’s slaying of Grendel’s mother in her lair.Beowulf’s return in glory to his uncle, and his succession tothe throne. Beowulf’s victory in death over the fire dragon fifty years later Metaphor:a figure of speech that makes a comparison between twothings that are basically dissimilar.understatement :A figure of speech that consists of saying less than one means, or of saying what one means with less force than the occasion warrants.“not troublesome” for very welcome“need not praise” for a right to condemn.The Anglo-Norman Period(1066-1350)The Norman ConquestDuke William /1066 /Hastings/the King of England /the establishment of feudalism in England/the feudal social structure /the pyramid in Egypt /King William - barons and knights The influence of the Norman Conquest on the English Language Three languages existed in England at that time: the Normans spoke Frenchthe lower class spoke Englishthe scholars and clergymen used LatinMany French words were adopted into the English language.Example: calf, swine and sheep for the animalsveal, pork, mutton are the French for the flesh The influence of the Norman Conquest on the English Literature chivalry (ideal knight’s charact eristics) was introduced by the Normans into England.The prevailing form : Romance.In romance, the chivalric love, faith and courage of the Middle Ages in Europe is always emphasized.The Romances in the Anglo-Norman PeriodThe essential features of the Romance1 It lacks general resemblance to reality.2 The central character was always the knight. He was devoted to the church and the king.3The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized. The devotion to a fair lady was also emphasized.4 The adventures are remote from our ordinary life.5 It exaggerates the vices of human nature and idealizes the virtue. Romance Cycles1The matters of France deal with the adventures of Charles the Great and his peers.2 The matters of Roman deal with the tales from Greek and Roman sources.3 The matters of Britain mainly deal with the adventures of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round.The story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the culmination of the Arthurian romances.Sir Gawain and the Green KnightAbout the storywritten in the late fourteenth centuryfour sections, 2530 lines, from Celtic legendtwo stories:the testing at Bercilak’s castlethe beheading of the Green Knight at the beginning and the return blow at the endSir Gawain and the Green KnightComments on the romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight the culmination of the Arthurian romancesin form---combination of French and Saxon elementtwo main motifs :the testing of faith, courage and puritythe proving of human weakness for self-preservationSir Gawain and the Green KnightThe story well toldthe careful interweaving of one episode with anothersuspense and surprisethe psychological analysislanguage is simple and straightforwardShortcomings:superstition and supernatural elementsthe heroic adventures of Sir Gawain -- for adventure’s sake.epic: It is a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. The oldest surviving epic in British literature is The Song of Beowulf. alliteration : It is mainly a poetic device. It refers to the repetition of consonants, especially at the beginning of words. In alliterative verse, certain accented words in a line begin with the same consonant sound. In Old English poetry alliteration was a regular element of each line. romance: It was the prevailing form of literature in the Middle Ages. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the best of the medieval romances.IntroductionThe Romances---an epitome of the Middle Agesthe Norman Conquest ->feudalism in Englandthe romance-> the noble classsongs and ballads > the English common peoplefolk songs-(oral , existed long before the Norman Conquest , continued after it)ballad: a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with thesecond and fourth lines rhymed.Joined by the audienceIn various English and Scottish dialectsThe origin is obscureBe handed down orally for many generationsThe subjects of balladsThe struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded familiesThe conflict between love and wealthThe matters of class struggle etc.The Ballads of Robin Hooda legendary outlawlived during the reign of Richard Ithe leader of a band of outlawslived in the deep forestattacked the richhelped the poor people.waged war against the bishops and archbishops.“Popular ballads portray Robin Hood as a tireless enemy of the Norman oppressors, the idol of the country folk and champion of the poor and needy, as a man who readily responds to anyone’s call for help. And in gratitude for this poetic emotion, the people have made an almost saintlike hero out of a man who was probably no more than a common outlaw.”(Gorky)在民谣中，罗宾汉被刻画成为了一个与诺曼压迫者进行无休止斗争的反抗者，农民心中的偶像，贫民眼里的勇士，一个随时会去帮助他人的好汉。
英国文学总结
英国文学总结英国文学总结：一：The Anglo-Saxon period（央格鲁萨克逊时期）(450----1066)1. First Anglo-Saxon poet: Caedom.2. Two highlights in the development of the Anglo-Saxon literature-----Northumbrian school and Wessex literature3. “Father of English History” is Venerable Bede. “英国历史之父”代表作：The Ecclesiastical History of the English People4. The king Alfred：代表作：The Anglo-Saxon ChronicleHe created a style of Anglo-Saxon prose which was not obscure.他创造了Anglo-Saxon散文体。
5. Anglo-Saxon poetry: Beowulf《贝奥武夫》( national and religion epic)A mixture of paganism(异教) and Christian elements.二：The Norman Period (1066---1350) =The Medieval Period1. Romance was a type of literature that was very popular in the Middle Ages.(1): the matter of France: the exploits of Charlemagne the great and Roland, Chanson de Roland(2): the matter of Rome: Alexander the great and the Great and the siege of troy.(3): the matter of British: the Arthurian legend: Sir Gawain, Launcelot, Merlin, the death of King Arthur. 三：The Age of Chaucer(乔叟时代) (1350----1440)1.John Wycliff：Father of English prose“英国散文之父”, translate the Bible into standard English.2.William Langland: Piers Plowman《农夫彼尔斯》Form: Allegory寓言3.Geoffrey Chaucer:The Father of English Poetry“英国诗歌之父”，首创“heroic couplets”英雄双韵体，首次用伦敦方言写作，被葬在：Westminster AbbeyWorks divided three periods:A: 1360—1372: French literature: The book of the Duchess B: 1372---1836: Italian literature: Troilus and Criseyde adapted from Boccaccio The DecameronC: the last fifteen year of his life: The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》四:The Fifteen Century (1400----1550)1.Ballds(歌谣) became an important feature in the 15th. The most popular is the Robin Hood Ballads.五：The English Renaissance (1550—1642)1.Edmund Spenser斯宾塞：The poet’s poet 诗人的诗人代表作：The Shepherds Calendar《牧羊人日记》The Faerie Queene《仙后》Amoretti《爱情小唱》2. Christopher Marlow马洛创造了无韵体/素体诗“blank verse”,代表作：Tumburlaine《帖木儿大帝》The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德斯博士的悲剧》3. William Shakespeare莎士比亚代表作：two narrative poems: Venus and Adonis The rape of Lucrece四部悲剧：Othello Macbeth Hamlet King Lear四部喜剧：As you like it《皆大欢喜》Mid-summer Night’s Dream 《仲夏夜之梦》Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》The Merchant of Venice《威尼斯商人》六：The Seventeenth Century (1603---1688)1.Francis Bacon培根：father of science 科学之父First English essayist 第一位随笔作家The founder of English materialist philosophy唯物主义哲学开拓者代表作：Essay《随笔》----of studies《论学习》2.John Donne:The fonder of Metaphysical poets 玄学诗代表人物另一代表人物：George Herbert3.Ben Jonson 保皇派代表人物，另一代表人物是：Robert Herrick; 代表作: To the celia4.John Milton弥尔顿：清教徒诗人代表作：epic :Paradise Lost《失乐园》由blank verse 写成的，情节来自Old Statement《旧约全书》;Paradise regained 《复乐园》; drama: Samson Agonists 《力士参孙》The Defence of English people《为英国人民申辩》5.John Bunyan班扬：清教徒诗人代表作：The pilgrim’s progress《天路历程》---allegory（寓言）, 被誉为：具有永恒意义的百科全书6.John Dryden代表作：戏剧：All for love文学评论：An essay of Dramatic Poesy7.Andrew Marvell 代表作：To His Coy Mistress七：The Eighteenth Century(1688---1798)-----The Age of Reason/Enlightenment（理性、启蒙时期）1.Daniel D efoe“the pioneer novelist of England”英国现实主义小说开创人，代表作：Robinsoncrusoe《鲁比逊漂流记》; Captain Singleton 《辛格顿船长》; Moll Flanders 《莫尔·弗兰德斯》;Colonel Jacque《雅克上校》2.Jonanthan Swift斯威夫特：讽刺作家(Satirist)代表作：Gulliver’s Travels 《格列佛游记》The battle of books《书战》A Tale of a Tub《木桶的故事》小册子作品：The Drapper’s Letters《一个麻布商的书信》A Modest Proposal《一个温和的建议》3. Joseph Addison 代表作：The Talter; Richard Steele 代表作：The Spectator4. Alexander pope 18世纪被称为是Pop的时代，18世纪最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“heroic couplet”代表作：The rape of the Lock 《劫发记》Essay on Man 《人论》Essay on Criticism《批评论》heroic coupletThe Dunciad《愚人记》5. Samuel Jonson 代表作：A dictionary of the English Language《英语词语词典》6. Henry Fielding代表作：Joseph Andrew《约瑟夫·安德鲁》Tom Jones 《汤姆·琼斯》Amelia《艾米利亚》Jonathan Wild the Great《大诗人·江奈生·威尔德》7.Samuel Richardson 代表作：Pamela 书信体形式Epistolary novels8.Thomas Gray 新古典主义代表人物neo-classicism代表作：The Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard9.Robert Burns: Scottish poet(苏格兰诗人)代表作： A Red, Red Rose《一朵红红的玫瑰》My Hearts’ in the Highland《我的心在那高原上》10.William Blake代表作：Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》--- The lambSongs of Experience《经验之歌》The Marriage of Heaven and Heal《天堂和地狱的结合》Poetic Sketches《诗歌素描》William Blake and Robert Burns 是前浪漫主义代表诗人八：The Age of Romanticism(1798----1832)1.William Wordsworth湖畔诗人“the Lake Poet”另外两位诗人是：Robert Southey and SamuelTaylor Coleridge代表作：The prelude 《序曲》The Solitary reaper 《孤独的收割人》I wondered lonely as a Cloud《我好似一朵流云独自漫游》My heart leaps up when I behold《我心荡漾》2.Samuel Taylor Coleridge代表作：The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子吟》Kubla Khan《忽必烈传》3.George Gorden Byron拜伦代表作：Don Yuan《唐璜》Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德·哈咯德尔游记》---拜伦式英雄Cain 《该隐》诗歌：When we two parted《当我们俩分别时》She walks in beauty 《她在美中行》4.Percy Bysshe Shelly 雪莱代表作：Prometheus unbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》Queen Mab《麦布女王》Revolt of Islam《伊斯兰反叛》A Defence of poetry《诗辩》The Necessity of Atheism《无神论的必要性》Ode to the west wind《西风颂》To a Skylark《致云雀》Adonais 关于Keats的死亡5.John Keats 济慈代表作：Ode to the Nightingale《夜莺颂》Ode to autumn《秋颂》Ode to Melancholy《忧郁颂》Ode to psyche《心灵颂》When I have fears《当我害怕时》6.Walter Scott 历史小说之父“the father of history novels”代表作：WaverleyRob RoyIvanhoe7.Jane Austen简?奥斯丁代表作：Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》Emma 《艾玛》Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》Persuasion《劝导》浪漫主义时期的两位小说家：Jane Austen和Walter Scott九.The Victorian Age(1831---1901)1.Charles Dickens:critical realist writer批判现实主义小说家代表作：Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》; Bleak house《荒凉山庄》; Hard Times 《艰难世事》; GreatExpectations《远大前程》; Dombey and Son 《董贝父子》; A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》; David Copperfield《大卫·科波菲尔》2.William Makepeace Thackeray代表作：Vanity fair 《名利场》源自John Bunyuan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》副标题是：A Novel Without Hero3.Lord Alfred Tennyson:维多利亚时代最重要诗人Laureate Poet桂冠诗人，被葬在Westminster Abbey代表作：In Memorian《悼念》Break, break ,break《冲击，冲击，冲击》Idylls of the King《国王叙事诗》4.Robert Browning 创造“Dramatic Monologue”戏剧独白代表作：My Last Duchess《我已故的公爵夫人》The Ring and the Book《指环与书》5．The Bronte Sisters: 19th的小说是Female（女性小说）Charlotte Bronte：Jane Eyre《简爱》Emily Bronte：Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》Anne Bronte：Agnes Grey6.Thomas Hardy哈代：自然主义小说家代表作：Tess of D’Urbervilles 《苔丝》Jude the Obscure《无名的裘德》Far From the Madding crowd《远离尘嚣》7.Oscar Wilde王尔德: “aesthetic movement”唯美运动代表人物. 主要理论是：为了艺术而艺术art for Arts’ sake代表作：喜剧：The Importance of Being Earnest《认真的重要性》An Ideal Husband《理想的丈夫》小说：The Picture of Dorian Gray《多利安·格雷的画像》8.George Bernard Shaw 批判现实主义作家critical realist Novelist代表作：Pygmalion《皮革马利翁》Window’s house《寡妇的房产》十：The twentieth Century------Modernism 现代主义1.T.S.Eliot 艾略特代表作：The waste Land《荒原》; Four Quartets《四个四重奏》;2.David Herbert Lawrence代表作：Sons and lovers《儿子和情人》; The Rainbow《虹》; Women In Love《恋爱中的女人》3.James Joyce乔伊斯：意识流主要表人物“stream of consciousness”代表作：Ulysses《尤里西斯》A Portrait of the Artist As A Young Man《一个青年艺术家的肖像》Dubliners《都柏林人》3.Virginia Woolf 伍尔芙：意识流另一代表人物To the lighthouse《到灯塔去》Jacob’s Room《雅各布的房间》The Waves《浪》Mrs. Dalloway《达罗卫夫人》4.William Bulter Yeats叶芝：爱尔兰诗人代表作：The T ower《塔》The Wind among the Reeds《苇间风》。
(完整word版)英国文学史及选读2-知识总结
以下为英国文学史第二册的知识点总结个别知识点会有错误或者遗漏请在复习的时候自主补充愿大家都能取得好成绩———VictoriaJPart V The Romantic PeriodThe romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s <Lyrical Ballads>, and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death. Wordsworth华兹华斯Coleridge 柯尔律治Southey 骚塞The Lake Poets1.William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850Poet Laureate（桂冠诗人）a leader of the romantic movement in England.①Lyrical Ballads 《抒情歌谣集》(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)It marked the beginning of the Romantic revival in England(1)This is a joint work of Wordsworth and his friend Coleridge.(2)The publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 marks the beginning of the RomanticMovement in England.(3)It begins with Coleridge’s long poem “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”(“古舟子咏”; “老水手之行”)and ends with Wordsworth’s “Tintern Abbey”(“丁登寺”).(4)Many of the subjects of these poems deal with elements of nature such as birds,daffodils and simple rural folk.(5)The majority of poems in this collection were written by Wordsworth.The poems in Lyrical Ballads are characterized by a sympathy with the poor, simple peasants, a passionate love of nature and the simplicity and purity of the language.(6) Some of the best poems in the collection are:“Lines Written in Early Spring”(“早春诗行”),“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” (“古舟子咏”; “老水手之行”)“Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey” (“丁登寺”).②Lucy Poems 《露西组诗》③“I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud” “独自漫游似浮云”=“The Daffodils”“水仙”Theme: 1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge full of peace”2. It is bliss to recall the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment: The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poets philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.④“The Solitary Reaper”“孤独的收割者”⑤The Prelude 《序曲》or Growth of a Poet’s Mind⑥The Excursion 《远足》《漫游》Wordsworth’s Principles of Poetry（feelings，commonplace things，the real language of man and deliberate simplicity，inner self, changed the ordinary speech of the language → return to nature.）2.George Gordon Byron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~18241)Hours of Idleness 《闲暇时刻》《消闲时光》dealing with childish recollections andearly friendship, showing the influence of 18th century traditions。
英国文学总结
A Summary of the English LiteraturePart I The Anglo-Saxon Period: the old English literature.1.In 55BC, Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar, the Roman conqueror.Along with the invasion came the Roman mode of life2.The Anglo-Saxon period witnessed a transition from the tribal societyto feudalism.3.The Song of Beowulf is the oldest poem in English language, and alsothe oldest surviving epic in the English language.4.The early inhabitants on the island now we call England were Britons5.In Anglo-Saxon period, the Song of Beowulf represented the paganpoetry.6.Prose literature did show its appearance until the 8th century.7.The Anglo-Saxons were Christianized in the 7th century.8.English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement in England.Of old English literature, Beowulf, the national epic of the English people, is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.9. The Angles, Saxons and Jutes came from the continent and settled in the island. They composed the Teutonic tribe. The language spoken by these tribes were called Anglo-Saxon or Saxon10. literature of this period is divided into two types: Pagan(异教) and Christian(基督教)literature. It was a mixture of pagan and Christianelements.11. National epic of the Anglo-Saxon is called the Song of Beowulf (贝奥武夫).1.Epic is long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroicdeeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. The example of epic is the Song of Beowulf, Iliad and Odyssey.2.The hero of the song of Beowulf is Beowulf.3.The artistic features of the national epic the song of Beowulf areusing alliteration and metaphor and understatement.4.alliteration is a rhetorical device, meaning some words in asentence begin with the same consonant sound (头韵). Or two of more words in a phrase or line have the same initial sound.Example: the song of Beowulf.PartⅡThe Anglo Norman Period.1.In 1066, the conqueror William, with his Normans army, succeeded ininvading and defeating England in the battle of Hasting.2.The literature in this period was remarkable for its bright, romantictales of love and adventure. The language in this period was a combination of French and Saxon elements.3.The most noted literature form in this period is romances4.the prevailing form of Medieval English literature is romance5.The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized inromance.6.Romances are a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes inprose, described the life and adventures of a noble hero. It was the prevailing literature form in the feudal England. The example for romances is Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.7.The story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the culmination ofthe Arthurian romances.8.Chivalry refers to the great spirits which shown in the knight’s deeds. Part ⅢGeoffrey Chaucer.1.He is regarded as the “the father of English poetry” or “the founderof English poetry”2.In the 14th century, the most important writer(poet) is Chaucer3.Chaucer’s main contributions to English literature can be found fromlanguage aspect.4.It is Chaucer who formally finished the blend of three languages,Anglo-Saxon English, French and Latin to shape the early form of modern English.5.It is Chaucer who first used the London Dialect English in formalwriting, and it is due to his writing that modern English became the only national language accepted by all English people.6.It is Chaucer who first used the “Heroic Couplet”(双韵体).7.the “Heroic Couplet”refers to the rhymed a couplet of 5 accents iniambic meter8.Chaucer devoted masterpiece The Canterbury Tales to Englishliterature. Which remains a classic with sufficient heritage in both language and artistic achievements?9.The Canterbury Tales is more than a collection of true-to-lifepictures. Taking the stand of the rising bourgeoisie, Chaucer affirms men and women’ right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes the dogma of asceticism preached by the church.10.C haucer died on October 25th, 1400, and was buried in WestminsterAbbey. He was the first to be buried in the poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey.11.C haucer’s earliest work of any length is his The Romanut of theRose, which is a translation of the French Roman de la Rose. It was a love of allegory(寓言) enjoying widespread popularity in the 13th and 14th centuries not only in France but throughout Europe.12.T ough the Canterbury Tales was never finished, Chaucer succeeded inhis purpose so well that in it he has given us a picture of contemporary English life.13.T he Canterbury Tales begins with a general prologue.(总序言) wherewe are told of a company of pilgrims.14.T he pilgrims are people from various parts of England,representativeness of various walks of life and social group, with various interests, tastes and predilections15.In the 14th, the most important writer is Geoffrey Chaucer.16.Today Chaucer is acclaimed not only as “the father of Englishpoetry” but also as the “the father of English fiction”. His masterpiece is Canterbury Tales17.The fifteenth century has been traditionally described as the barrenage in English literature. But it is the spring tide of English ballads 民谣18.After the Norman Conquest, feudal system was established inEnglish society.19.The romances were usually composed for the noble, and had nothingto with the common people.20.The prevailing form of Medial English literature is the romance21.The story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the culmination ofthe Arthurian romances22.After the Norman Conquest, three languages existed in England atthat time. The Normans spoke French23.The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized inromancesTrue and False statements1.In 1066, Alexander the Great led the Norman army toinvade England. It was called the Norman Conquest (F) Alexander the Great→William the Conqueror2.After Norman Conquest, scholars often wrote chroniclesand religious poems in English (F) English→Latin or French3.The story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is theculmination of the romances about Charles the Great (F) Charles the Great→King Arthur and his knights.4.Chaucer adopted and attitude of opposition againstChristianity and attacked the corruption of the contemporary church government in his poems (T) Christianity→Catholicism5.All the 22 tales in the Canterbury Tales were written inverse form. (T)6.Chaucer’s language, now called Old English, is vivid andexact. He is the first great poet who wrote in the English language (F) Old English→Middle English7.The spoken English of Chaucer’s time consisted of severaldialects, and Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech. (T)partⅢ. The Renaissance1. The 16th century in England was a period of the breaking up of feudal relations and establishing of the foundations of capitalism.2. Thomas More wrote his famous work Utopia3. during Elizabethan period, Francis Bacon wrote more than fifty excellent essays, which made him one of the best essayist in English literature.4. Spenser is often referred to as the “poet’s poet”5. In the Elizabethan period, Shakespeare is the greatest playwright of England.6. The principle idea of Shakespeare’s historical plays is the necessity for national unity under one king. These ideas were of vital interest to the Elizabethan audience.7. Shakespeare’s sonnet is made up of three quatrains with different rhymes, followed by a couplet. The rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg1. The 16th century was a time when, according to Thomas Morse, "sheep devoured men"2. The old English aristocracy having been exterminated in the course of the War of the Roses,3. Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign ofQueen Elisabeth.4. Together with the development of bourgeois relationships and formation of the English national state this period is marked by a flourishing of national culture known as the Renaissance.5. Renaissance marked the transition from the medieval to the modern world5. Utopia was written by Tomas More, who was an outstanding humanist of 16th century. In the Utopia, he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people’s sufferings and put forward his ideal of a future happy society. Nowadays, this word has become synonym with utopian socialism.6.At the end of the century the great English scientist and philosopherFrancis Bacon, wrote his famous philosophical and literary works.7.Lyrical poem refers to the poems that express the writer’s deepemotion. In the period of Renaissance, Thomas Wyatt was the representative of lyrical poem. And he was the first one to introduce the sonnet into English literature.8.Great popularity was won by John Lyly’s novel Eupheus which gaverise to the term “euphuism”(华丽辞藻)9.The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was ChristopherMarlowe(马洛)10.It was Marlowe who made blank verse the principal vehicle ofexpression in drama11.Blank verse is a type of poetry, distinguished by having a regularmeter, but no rhyme. In English, the meter most commonly used with blank verse has been iambic pentameter. Note: Shakespeare’s poems were written in the form of blank verse.12.Tomas Wyatt was the first one to introduce the sonnet into Englishliterature.13.The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development ofEnglish drama. It was Marlowe who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.14.Francis Bacon was the first English essayist.15.Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reignof Queen Elizabeth16.English Resistance was an age of poetry and drama17.“Shall we compare thee to a summer’s day?” This is the beginningline of one of Shakespeare’s sonnet.P11818.The comedies of Shakespeare include A Midsummer Night’s Dream,the Merchant of Venice, Twelfth Night and As Y ou like It.True and False statements1. Utopia is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of letters between More and Hythloday. F letter 改为conversation2. The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its poetry. F poetry 改为drama.3. From Shakespeare’s history plays, it can be seen that Shakespeare took no interest in the political questions of his time. F4. Shakespeare is one of the founders of romanticism in world literature.F 把romanticism 改为realism5. Generally speaking, after Shakespeare, the English drama was undergoing a process of prosperity. F prosperity 改为decline6. English Renaissance was an age of poetry and drama but not a time of prose. TRenaissance period 文艺复兴时代What is the renaissance?The activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and leering in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.The essence of the Renaissance? -----rebirth or revivalThe great event during the Renaissance period?1.The discoveries in geography and astrology.2.The religious reformation and economic expansion.3.Rediscoveries of Roman and Greek culture.DramatistWilliam Shakespeare 威廉莎士比亚The poet’s poet is Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙.史宾塞The first one to be buried in the poet corner of Westerminster Abbey.威斯敏斯特The reason that Edmund Spenser becomes the poet’s poet?1.his idealism2.his love of beauty3.his exquisite melody仙后：Elizabethan QueenThomas More 托马斯摩尔One of the greatest humanistsMasterpieceUtopia 乌托邦现在“乌托邦”已成为理想的代名词，Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯. 培根Philosopher, scientist, lay foundation for the modern science. The first English essayist. Knowledge is power知识就是力量Metaphor philosophy to man’s reason.The advancement of Learning 学术的推进Studies 论学习The uses and benefits of studies and the different ways adopted by different people to pursue study.Blank verse 无韵诗Please define the literary term “blank verse”The poems written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.马耳他Malta马耳他的犹太人the Jew of MaltaWilliam Shakespeare 威廉.莎士比亚1.historical plays: Henry VI, Henry IV Richard III Henry V Richard H Henry VIII2.four comedies: As Y ou Like It 皆大欢喜Twelfth Night 第十二夜A Midsummer Dream 仲夏夜之梦Merchant Of V enice 威尼斯商人3.four tragediesHamlet 哈姆雷特。
英国英语比较文学学习心得
英国英语比较文学学习心得篇一：翻译心得体会班级：13级外3 学号：13050328 姓名：殷志婷翻译心得体会翻译，是指在准确通顺的基础上，把一种语言信息转变成另一种语言信息的活动。
这个过程从逻辑上可以分为两个阶段：首先，必须从源语言中译码含义，然后把信息重新编码成目标语言。
所有的这两步都要求对语言语义学的知识以及对语言使用者文化的了解。
除了要保留原有的意思外，一个好的翻译，对于目标语言的使用者来说，应该要能像是以母语使用者说或写得那般流畅，并要符合翻译的习惯。
作为一个英语专业的学生，作为一个“学艺不精”的学生，我其实刚开始是非常惧怕它的，认为翻译非常头疼，就跟一个理科生对文言文是又敬又畏的态度。
不过后来接触了之后，发现我的排斥情绪也没有那么严重，就是觉得它涵盖的内容方方面面，太博大精深了。
翻译有四种翻译方法和十种翻译技巧。
四种翻译方法分别是直译、意译、归化和异化。
十种技巧是：重复法（repetition）, 增译法（amplification）、省略法（omission）、词类转换法（conversion）、词序转换法（inversion）、拆译法（division）、合译法（combination）、正说反译和反说正译法（negation）、语态变换法、引申法（extension）和句子成分转移法。
当然仅知道这些还不够。
近年来，研究翻译的人多了起来，各种出版物也多了起来，介绍翻译理论、翻译技巧、翻译方法、翻译经验，吸引着初学翻译的人的眼球。
这些出版物既然都是研究的成果，都会给人以启迪。
但对一个译者来说，最重要的不是通晓多少种翻译理论，掌握多少条翻译技巧，而是不断提高自己的语言水平。
最后决定译文质量高低的是译者使用语言的能力。
一位有经验的译者，可能说不出多少翻译理论和技巧，他靠的是自己在语言方面的造诣，他能告诉你的是怎样学好语言。
就如周熙良教授所说：“一个搞翻译的人对语言不感兴趣，翻译水平是不大会提高的。
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一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、头韵体代表作：The Song of Beowulf《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法【Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法）和metaphor暗语understatement婉转表达】3、散文Bede比德Alfred二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)1、romance 传奇文学佚名诗人：代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗2、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期① the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父②heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)③代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)3、Langland 朗格兰Piers the plowman《农夫彼尔斯》4、Malory 马罗礼Le Morte D'Arthur亚瑟王之死5、Popular Ballads大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed 代表人物：Bishop Thomas Percy 托马斯.帕希主教代表作：Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale 罗宾汉和阿林代尔三、The Renaissance (16世纪) 文艺复兴时期十四行诗sonnet和对白体无韵诗（主体）1、key work: humanism 人文主义：admire human beauty and human achievement2、代表人物：（第一阶段）1)、Thomas More 托马斯.莫尔Utopia 乌托邦Book two is more important2）、Wyatt 魏阿特1st man to introduce into England sonnet3)、Surrey 萨利1st man to reform sonnet/ to use blank verse/ to use sonnet series（二、伊莉沙白时代:)4)、Sidney 锡特尼（田园）阿斯特罗菲尔与斯黛拉Astrophel and StellaApology for poetry 诗辨（人文主义、文学批评）5）Spenser斯宾塞（田园）poet's poet① The Faerie Queene仙后(epic poem 史诗) The Shepherds Calendar牧人日历② Amoretti爱情小唱Epithalamion婚后曲Colin Clouts Come Home Againe柯林•克劳特回来了Foure Hymnes四首赞美歌6）、Lyly 李雷Euphues 尤菲倚斯7)、Marlowe马洛（戏剧）Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧（代表作）desire for knowledgeTamburlaine帖木耳大帝desire for powerThe Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人desire for moneyblank verse(无韵体：不押韵的五步抑扬格) 是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。
8)、William Shakespeare 威廉姆.莎士比亚1564~1616 戏剧drama四大悲剧：Hamlet(哈姆雷特)，Othello(奥赛罗)，King Lear(李尔王)，The Tragedy of Macbeth(麦克白)⑴ the first period(历史剧)Henry IVRichard IIIThe Comedy Of ErrorsTitus AndronicusThe Taming Of The ShrewThe Two Gentlemen Of The V eronaLove’S Labour’S LostRomeo And Juliet罗密欧与朱利叶⑵ the second period（四大喜剧）A Midsummer Night’S Dream仲夏夜之梦Merchant Of V enice威尼斯商人As Y ou Like It皆大欢喜Twelfth Night第十二夜Richard IIKing JohnHenry IV亨利四世Much Ado About Nothing Julius Caesar尤利乌斯•凯撒⑶ The Third Period（四大悲剧）Hamlet哈姆雷特Othello奥赛罗King Lear李尔王Macbeth麦克白Antony And Cleopatra安东尼与克里奥佩特拉Troilus And CressidaTimon Of Athens⑷ The Fourth Period（传奇剧miracle）Pericles泰尔亲王佩里克斯Cymbeline辛白林The Winter’S Tale 冬天的故事The Tempest暴风雨Henry V iii⑸ Poetry:V enus And Adonis;The Rape Of Lucrece (V enus And Lucrece); The Passionate Pilgrim,The Sonnets（第三阶段：）9）、John Donne 约翰.多恩“metaphysical”poets (玄学派诗人) 的创始人物Songs and sonnets 歌曲与十四行诗10）、Herbert 赫伯特the saint of the metaphysical school诗圣11）、Marvell 马韦尔结合玄学派和古典主义12）、Ben Jonson本琼生[气质喜剧comedies of humous ] 戏剧volpone 福尔蓬纳The Alchemist 炼金术士Bartholomew Fair 巴索洛谬市场13）、Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯.培根第一个散文家(essayist)Advancement of Learning学术的推进Novum Organum新工具Essays随笔14）、Cavalier Poets王党诗人①Suckling 萨克林②Lovelace 拉夫罗斯③Carew卡利④Herrick 赫里克四、the period of Revolution and Restoration (17世纪) 资产阶级革命与王权复辟prose 散文1、文学特点：the Puritans(清教徒) believed in simplic ity of life、disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry、breaking up of old ideals. 清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离。
2、代表人物1）、John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿（poem 诗歌blank verse ）《Defense for the English People》为英国人辩护代表作：《Paradise Lost》失乐园“Satan is not a villain”撒旦不是坏人《Paradise Regained》复乐园2 )、John Bunyan 约翰.班扬Pilgrim’s Progress》天路历程prose 散文allegory(寓言)3）、John Dryden约翰•德莱顿1631~1700文学评论：An Essay of Dramatic Poesy 论戏剧诗All for Love一切为了爱情政治讽刺诗：Absalom and Achitophel押沙龙与阿齐托菲尔五、The Age of Enlightenment (18世纪) 启蒙运动1、提倡“自由、平等、民生”liberty,equality,democracy2、代表人物：【第一阶段the moderate group 温和派】1）、Pope 蒲伯新古典主义Neo-classicalism的代表Paslord poems田园诗：Windsor Forest温莎林哲理诗：Essay on man 人论—作者自己认为的杰作教诲诗：Essay on Criticism论批评讽刺诗：The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记---专家认为的杰作②Moral Essays道德论Essay on Man人论The Dunciad愚人记2）、Steel斯蒂尔和Addison 艾迪生Prose periodical literature 报刊文学合作创办：the tatler 闲谈者the spectator 旁观者3）、Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福realistic novel 现实主义小说的奠基人之一Novel：《Robinson Crusoe》鲁宾逊漂流记《Jonathan Wild》乔纳森.威尔德《Moll Flanders》摩尔.弗兰德斯【第二阶段the democratic group民主派】4）、Samuel Richardson 塞缪尔.理查逊小说书信形式epistolary form代表作：《Pamela, or virtue rewarded》帕美拉或贞洁有报第一部The method of psychological analysis 心理分析的方法克拉里莎Clarissa Clarissa Harhowe 查尔斯格兰迪生5）、Fielding .菲尔丁father of modern fiction(现代小说之父)①《Joseph Andrews》约瑟夫.安德鲁斯受到了理查森的《帕美勒》的启发作家之间的不同：Richardson —— no humor, minces words, moralizes. 不幽默，咬文嚼字，说教Fielding —— direct, vigorous, hilarious, and coarse to the point of vulgarity，full of animal spirits, tells the story of a vagabond life 语言直接、生动、欢快、粗糙，甚至有点俗,精神焕发，讲述流浪者的故事。