爱尔兰的介绍英文版

The MLeabharlann ddle Ages• From around 800 onwards Viking marauders attacked Ireland,as well as England. These raids continued right through the 9th century and were followed by a second major wave early in the 10th century .As the major centres of population and wealth, monasteries were the main targets of the Vikings
Modren Ireland
• To courter just such bloody and futile rebellions ,a constitutional movement seeking Home Rule was instituded up by Isaac Butt .The home rules ,who sought a separate Irish parliament subording to London ,won half of the Irish seats in the 1876,it proved no more than a token gesture and was easily put down
• Ireland along established trade routes ,perhaps as early as the 6th infiltraded into Inland along established century BC,with subsequent groups arriving up to the time of Christ ,about 2 thousand
Unit 11
Land , People and History
Geography,Land and Environment
• Ireland is a small island off the northwest coast of Great Britain,ddivided from Scotland by a narrow strait of water.
• Rival colonialists of the Neolithic,or new Stone Age ,period reached Irelang around 3000BC. these were farmers who raised animals and cultivated the soil.
Ireland
Population
• The rural landscape of Ireland is highly populated,but mostly by ghosts.
• Although the visitor may believe himself alone in a landscape that looks not only uninhabited but even positively wild,he will find that every field has a name and a history,and that often the wild undergrowth will conceal a Stone Age ring fort or an old field wall or the outlines of a farmhouse or even a deserted village.
Prehistory
• The earliest settler arrived around 7000 BC in the Mesolithic or middle Stone Age period. Evidence suggests that they arrived in the nonth of the island,across the narrow strait from northern Britain.these people were mainly huners.
The 18th Century
• In implementing such repressive measures ,the island of the Bitish colonies .But it have been rendered British colony -in the American war of independence (1776-1783)was the revolt of another British colony. that initiated radical changes in the Irish politics .Encouraged by the Americn examples.,the Protestant ascendancy began to press for a measure the American examle.
Early Mondern Period
• Also from the 16th century onwards ,the English sought to consolidate their military victoies over their Irish colony by seeking to impose their own brang of Christianity ,called Protestantism . Partly because of its close association with the repressive repressive policies of the english adminisration ,the new reformed version of Christianity was resisted fiercely in Ireland.
The Coming of Christainity
• Christainity was introduced into Ireland some time in the 5th century.
• Traditionally it was said to have been brought by Saint Patrick.Although there were some Christainity in Ireland before arrival,by the time of his death in 461AD,much of the island was effectively Christain.
• the constant friction between English colonial mastes and the Irish colonists was ,during this period ,exacerbated by those beween English landlords and their Irish tenant farmers.
• Today,when people use the word "Ireland" they may mean the whole island,which is actually divided into two quite distinct jurisdictions,that of Northern Ireland,which is a povince of Great Britain, and the present Republic of Ireland.
The Celts
• It is important to emphasize that ireland already had quite a sophisticated before the which were to transform it radically;that of the celts. it is believed that the celtics,originally thougt to be in the invaders , gradually into i