阅读理解同义词转换
阅读细节题中常考的同义词转换
阅读细节题中常考的同义词转换(重要, 多看，特别是考前一两天)1 free from==without2 question==challenge=defy3 precision=exact 精确的=accurate=accuracy4 personal=individual=private=privacy5 finally = eventually6 postpone=delay7 prove, proof=evidence8 recognize=identify9 outweigh=surpass10 abandon=desert=give up11 superficial=not deep=on the surface12 rash=increase13 advance=move forward=raise14 impact=effect=affect=influence15 condition=control16 apart from=except=inaddition to17 debate=argue18 replace=substitute19 support=advocate=favor20 worry=concern21 decline=reduce=lower=drop=shrink=become small=lessen=cushion22 deceive=cheating=deceptive=dishonest=deceitful23 employ=hire24 adolescent=teenage=children25 reject=refuse26 novel=new27 abundant=sufficient28 yearly=annual29 drown=die under water30 same=identical31 cause=bring out32 unwilling=reluctant33 overcome=conquer=defeat34 be attached to=be fond of35 permanent=(over)lasting36 temporary=short-termed37 coordinate=cooperative=cooperation38 hazard=danger39 stand out=outstanding=popular40 intelligent=gifted41 hospitable=friendly42 hostile=enemy43 vanish=disappear44 emerge=appear45 be aware of=be conscious of46 stop=prevent=block47 involve=include48 depend on=rely on49 be conditioned to=be accustomed to50 lack of=lose51 by chance=by accident=accidentally52 be alike=resemble53 be alert to=sensitive观点态度题: (attitude tone)1 命题规律: a 中心思想 b 首尾段 c 引语2 选项词汇:褒义:positive 肯定的, 积极的concerned 关心的, 有关的optimistic 乐观的enthusiastic 热心的, 热情的贬义:negative 否定的, 消极的pessimistic 悲观的, 厌世的critical 批评的disgusted 厌恶的, 厌烦的ironic 讽刺的sarcastic 讽刺的中性:neutral 中立的×indifferent 漠不关心的×impersonal 不带个人感情的×objective 客观的√impartial 公平的, 不偏不倚的√3 方法:a :scanb:中心思想c:positive negative 选一为答案d:optimistic pressimistic选一为答案。
重点揭秘如何理解阅读理解题的同义替换
重点揭秘如何理解阅读理解题的同义替换阅读理解题是考查学生对文章内容的理解和推理能力的一种题型，同义替换是其中的一个重要考点。
理解阅读理解题中的同义替换可以帮助我们准确答题，提高得分。
接下来，本文将重点揭秘如何理解阅读理解题中的同义替换。
一、什么是同义替换？同义替换是指在文章中，用不同的词语或短语来表达相同的含义。
同义替换的存在使得理解文章内容变得更加复杂，需要我们通过推理和辨别来准确理解文章表达的含义。
二、为什么要理解同义替换？理解同义替换对于解题至关重要。
如果我们不能准确地识别同义替换，就很容易误解文章的真实含义，从而选择错误的答案。
三、如何理解同义替换？1. 上下文提示在阅读理解题中，经常会通过上下文来提示同义替换的存在。
我们可以通过判断上下文的逻辑关系来推测同义替换的可能性。
2. 词义猜测通过对文章中单词的词义进行猜测，我们可以更好地理解同义替换的含义。
需要注意的是，同义替换不一定完全相同，可能会稍微改变词义或引入一些修饰语，但核心含义是相似的。
3. 语法结构同义替换可能在语法结构上有所改动，例如主语、谓语的变化，形容词、副词的转换等。
我们需要注意这些语法结构的变化，以便准确理解同义替换的含义。
4. 文章的逻辑关系通过理解文章的逻辑关系，我们可以更好地判断同义替换的可能性。
同义替换通常会在句子间或段落间的逻辑关系中出现，我们可以根据上下文的逻辑关系来推测同义替换的存在。
5. 常见的同义替换形式在阅读理解题中，同义替换的形式有很多，例如词性转换、同义词、近义词、反义词、否定词等。
我们需要熟悉这些常见的同义替换形式，以便更好地理解文章的含义。
综上所述，理解阅读理解题中的同义替换是提高解题准确性的重要方法。
通过上下文提示、词义猜测、语法结构、逻辑关系和常见的同义替换形式，我们可以更好地理解文章的真实含义，准确选择答案。
在备考过程中，我们需要进行大量的练习和积累，提高对同义替换的敏感度和识别能力。
高中英语 阅读理解题文同义转换词汇
同一意思
多种表达
舒适
_c_o_m__fo_r_t_a_b_l_e_, _a_t_e_a_s_e__
展览着 _o_n__s_h_o_w_/_d_is_p_l_a_y_/e_x_h_i_b_i_ti_o_n_
十年
__d_e_ca_d__e_, _te_n__y_e_a_r_s__
勇敢(去做) b__e_b_r_a_v_e_t_o_, _h__a_v_e_c_o_u_r_a_g_e_t_o__
出版
_c_o_m_e__o_u_t___, _b_e__p_u_b_l_is_h_e_d__
缺席
_b_e_a_b_s_e_n_t_f_r_o_m__, _b_e__n_o_t_p_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_
尤其
_p_a_r_t_ic_u_l_a_r_ly_, _in__p_a_r_t_ic_u_l_a_r
目前
_n_o_w_a_d__a_y_s __, _a_t_p_r_e_s_e_n_t__,
_a_t_t_h_e_p_r_e_s_e_n_t_t_im__e__
锻炼
_e_x_e_rc_i_s_e_, _w__o_r_k_o_u_t___
宣布
_a_n_n_o_u_n_c_e_/_d_e_c_la_r_e_s_t_h_,
两周
_f_o_r_t_n_ig_h_t__, _t_w_o__w_e_e_k_s__
违法的 _i_ll_e_g_a_l_, _n_o_t_l_e_g_a_l_, _a_g_a_in_s_t_t_h_e__la_w__
二十
_s_c_o_r_e_, _t_w_e_n_t_y___
满足需要 __ca_t_e_r_t_o_/_m_e_e_t_/s_a_t_is_f_y_t_h_e_n__ee_d__
雅思阅读同义词替换介绍整理
让知识带有温度。
雅思阅读同义词替换介绍整理雅思阅读同义词替换介绍1. outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2. overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3. insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4. supply=provide=furnish=give 供应v.5. launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开头，投放v.6. suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7. detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8. handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9. peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10. positive=optimistic=uplifting 乐观的adj.11. administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12. funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.第1页/共2页千里之行，始于足下。
13. interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 浇灌n.15. sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀n.【雅思阅读同义词替换介绍】文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
高考英语 阅读常见同义替换
阅读选项66对经典替换词详解Unit 11. bring about/result in/lead to/contribute to/account for/cause/make for A2. result from=arise from3. in particular=particularly=especially in peace=peacefullyin silence=silently in harmony=harmoniously in part=partly in evidence=evidently4. be accused of=be charged with5. in advance=ahead of time=ahead of schedule6. put forward=come up with7. at random= randomly8. object to doing something =oppose to doing something=be opposed to doing something =raise an objection to doing something9. support=be in favor of=favor=subscribe to=side with10.date back to=date from=be traced to =be traced back to11.on behalf of=represent; symbolizeUnit 212.on top of/apart from/aside from=besides=moreover=furthermore=in addition =as well as except=but 13.a variety of+n. = varieties of+n. =various+n.=all kinds of=all sorts of14.make full use of=make the most(best) of= take advantage of15.show up=turn up=appearshow offsport =to have or wear sth in a proud way16.cause sb to participate in sth=involve sb in sth17.be related to= be associated with= belinked to=be connected with跟...有关18.put off doing=delay doing=postpone doing19.approach=deal with=cope with=handle=tackle20.have an effect/impact/influence on=affect21.an approach to doing sth.=a way of doing sth.=a way to do sth.=How to do sth.22.consist of=be made up of=be composed ofA class consisting of 50 students=A class made up of 50 students Unit 323.on one's own=by oneself=alone=independently24.be aware/conscious of-realize=recognizeawareness=consciousness-sense25.escape from=flee26.at the same time=meanwhile27.replace B with A=substitute A for B=take the place of B28.resemble=look like=be similar to =bear a resemblance tobe identical toidentityidentify29.at hand=handy=convenient 30.account for=make up=take up=occupy31.be accessible to=be available to32.be drunk with=be addicted to =be hooked on=be obsessed withbe absorbed in = be lost in33.be consistent with =be in line with=correspond to= agree with=consist with=conforn to-comply withdiffer from=be different fromtell the difference between A and B=make a distinction between A andB=tell/distinguish A from BUnit 434.manage to do something=succeed in doing something35.to be honest/frank/strict=honestly/frankly/strictly speakingto be precise=precisely speaking36.as soon as=upon/on doing37.make fun of=laugh|at=tease=mock38.be responsible for=take responsibility for=answer for=be liable for responsibility=liability39.be tired/sick of=be bored with=be fed up with40.have an edge/advantage over=be superior to= be better than... be inferior to=be worse than41.the remaining money=the money left42.face sth=be faced with sthfacing sth=faced with sth（状语）Confront something=be confronted with She was confronted with severe money problems43.beyond belief=incredible=unbelievable44.treat sb badly=abuse sb=maltreat sbUnit 545.convince sb=make sb convincedconvinced convincingI am strongly convinced that=I strongly believe that..…46.be unaware of=be unconscious of=fail to notice= overlook = ignore = neglect =disregard47.take pride in=be proud of48.be dressed in something=wear something49.burst into tears=burst out cryingburst into laughter-burst out laughing50.stress /underline/ emphasize=place/put great emphasis on = attach great importance to51.look after=take care of=attend to52.seek=look for=search for...=be in search of53.starve to death=die of hunger/starvation54.sth benefit sb=sth be beneficial to sb=sth be of benefit to sb=sb benefit from sthpensate for=make up forUnit 6mit oneself to doing=promise to docommit crime commit suicidedevote...to doing something=dedicate....to doing something57.sth kill sb=sth cost sb the life=claim one's life58.matter/count/be important/be significant/be crucial/be critical/be vital / be essential59. be tired out= be worn out= be exhausted= be burnt out= be weary60.catch on.= be popular-be fashionable=in fashion=in stylebe unfashionable =out of fashion=out of style61.now and then=sometimes=occasionally62.make one's dream come true=realize/fulfill/achieve/accomplish one's dream63.be able to do sth.= be capable of sth.abilitycapabilitycapacityfacultye up= run out of... run out= give out= be used up Give out（散发放出，停止运行）65.most of the people=the majority of the peoplethe minority of。
阅读理解中的同义词替换
阅读同义替换词1. difficult = demanding = hard = tough困难的2. absorb = take in 吸收3. settle on = make choice of = decide on选定4. advantage = edge = upper hand 优势5. accompany = keep sb company = go with 陪伴，伴随6. view = belief = opinion = insight观点7. charge = fee = fare 费用8. involve ... with = associate ... with = link ... to = relate ... to与…有关联9. release = issue = launch = convey = deliver 发行，发表10. particular = special = specific = unique特别的，独有的11. task = job = work = labour 任务，工作12. instantly = rapidly = immediately立即地13. react = respond 反应14. subjective views = personal/individual views (opinions) 主观观点15. understand = see = follow = grasp = comprehend = take in = figure out 理解，想出16. assessment = evaluation = estimate = judgment评估，估计17. appear = surface = come to light 出现18. remain = keep = stay = maintain保持19. development = evolution = growth = progress 发展20. foster = raise = bring up培养，养育21. overtake = catch up = sweep over赶上，压倒22. initial = original = premier最初的，开始的23. whereas = however = while = nevertheless = but = yet然而，但是24. reduce = decrease = lessen = cut 减少，减小25. postpone = put off = delay 延期，推迟26. crucial = important = critical = vital = necessary = essential 至关重要的27. attempt = effort 尝试，努力28. encourage = promote = fuel = further 激发，促进29.lie in = consist in = exist in 在于。
阅读理解同义词替换技巧
阅读理解同义词替换技巧1. 阅读理解里同义词替换啊，就像给老词儿换身新衣裳。
比如说“美丽”这个词，在文章里可能就会变成“漂亮”或者“迷人”。
这就像是你平常出门，今天穿T恤牛仔裤，明天就换成连衣裙，都是为了表达差不多的意思呢。
2. 同义词替换在阅读理解里可是个小窍门哟。
你想啊，“高兴”这个词，文章有时候不写“高兴”，写成“喜悦”或者“愉快”。
这就好比你和朋友形容一个好玩的事儿，你可以说“超搞笑”，也可以说“太逗了”，都是在说这事儿有趣呗。
3. 阅读理解里的同义词替换技巧，可太有用啦。
就拿“伤心”来说吧，在文中可能出现“难过”或者“悲伤”这样的同义词。
这就像同一道菜，不同的厨师可能给它取不同的名字，但吃起来味道都差不多，都是那种让人心里不好受的感觉。
4. 嘿，同义词替换在阅读理解里就像密码一样。
比如说“大”这个词，文章里可能用“巨大”“庞大”来代替。
这就像你跟小伙伴形容一个大房子，你可以说“房子好大”，也可以说“房子巨大无比”，反正都是说房子的规模不小。
5. 你知道吗？阅读理解中的同义词替换超有趣。
像“快”这个词，在文中可能是“迅速”或者“飞快”。
这就如同赛跑，你可以说一个人跑得“快”，也可以说他跑得“迅速”，就像不同的人对他速度的不同形容。
6. 同义词替换在阅读理解里可是个宝藏技巧呢。
拿“小”来说，有时候文章里会写“微小”或者“细小”。
这就像看小动物，你可以说这个动物“小”，也可以说它“微小”，表达的都是它的体型不大。
7. 阅读理解中的同义词替换，感觉就像魔法一样。
“聪明”这个词，在文章里可能变成“聪慧”或者“机灵”。
这就像夸奖一个孩子，你可以说他“聪明”，也可以说他“聪慧过人”，都是在夸他脑袋灵光。
8. 同义词替换技巧在阅读理解里很关键哦。
就像“冷”这个词，文中可能会出现“寒冷”或者“冰冷”。
这就好比你冬天出门，你可以说“外面冷”，也可以说“外面寒冷刺骨”，都是在描述天气的温度低。
9. 哇，阅读理解里的同义词替换超酷的。
100 个阅读同义替换
100 个阅读同义替换第一组：1.rigid/stiff/unchanged/little change 僵硬的，一成不变的2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/ crucial/巨大的,明显的，程度大的3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost4.proportion/percentage 比例5.be involved (in)/involve in/involvement[n.]涉及，卷入，参与6.given/considering , in regard to/despite/although 有鉴于、考虑到，尽管7.induce [v] 引入，引导，引诱/inductive [n] 归纳>< deduce/deductive 推断8.deplete 开采完，耗尽/exhaust–exhaust emission (尾气)排放/exploitplex 错综复杂的/complicated/sophisticated 老奸巨滑的，复杂的10.capacity 能力，容量/competence(竞争)能力/ability 能力(笼统的)第二组：11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ensure (insure)/guarantee 押金12.solely/merely/only13.a vast array of 系列/a great variety of 花样，品种/a great rang 系列of14.pesticide 杀虫/suicide 自杀/homicide/murder 杀人15.believe/assume(responsibility)/suppose16.授权，委托：authorize/commission 佣金/entitle 头衔+ment =right (权利)17.purchase/buy18. ethnic 种族的/ethic 伦理，道德的+ s =[n]19. modify/change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]20. insight/knowledge/learning/understanding/knowing第三组：21.网恋：virtual love/cyber love22.网友：on-line/net/cyberfriend上网(聊天)chat on line/go on-line cyber café/网吧22.evolve-evolution 进化/revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/involve-involution 卷入，涉及24. indicator/predictor 表示诠释，预测25.indicate/demonstrate/display/exhibit/betray26.therapist/expert/specialist27. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/merit/virtue/length28. commonest/frequent29. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/underdeveloped30. 退化：degenerate；generate 生产，制造；degrad grade 等级；deteriorate恶化，每况愈下第四组：31.分类：category-categorize/class-classify32.consequence 后果，影响；subsequence 紧跟其后；sequence=order 秩序；frequency 频率33.clash 冲突(民族，种族)；crash 飞机坠毁33. substitution；substitute sth for sb/replace35.alternative 选择性，代替性，辅助性36.孤立：isolate/alienate/insulate 隔绝，排外，孤立；be alien to/insulate 绝缘，隔(体)37.缺点，不足之处：defect/flaw/failing/disadvantage/drawback38.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive/innovative)/creative/ingenious/novel/creative/revolutionary (易错拼写：environment/convenient)39.neutral 中立的，中性的/negative 否定，消极，阴性的/positive 肯定，积极，阳性的40.ambiguous,ambiguity 模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscure第五组：municate 沟通，传达，通报42.accommodate1 供...食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4 使…停靠mitment1 ~ to sth. 奉献2 责任,义务44.contribute to 导致result in/account for(占据)导致45.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/insufficient/deficient/lack (of)/short(of) 明显的：apparently 显而易见的/patently 道貌岸然的/obviously=>evidently46.对…怀疑：(be)/skeptical/skeptical/dubious/suspicious (about/of)47.缺点，缺陷：drawback/fault/defect/imperfection/failing/weakness/shortcoming/flaw48.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/flagrant/smelly/odorous49.机构，组织：association/structure/organization50.超过：exceed/surpass第六组：51.岩浆：molten rock/lava/magma52.语言：linguist 学家/lingual 和......有关的/bilingual/双语53.多种多样的：diversity/variety/breed/species54.dialect 方言accent 腔调55.开始的，初步的：begin/launch/initial首字母，开始的/initiate 开始，发动initiative 原创性origin56.贫穷：poor/in poverty/impoverished( 被剥夺财产的)57.杰出：eminence (-t)/prominence(-t)/unusual58.gene/genetic defect 缺陷/anatomy 解剖/conceive 构思，怀孕/deliver 分娩59.辅助性：alternative 补充性/therapist60.演绎，推理：deduce，deductive/inferential ，induce 引导，引入，归纳induction 归纳第七组：61.令人困惑的：bewildering/puzzling/perplexing62.apply：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于63.subsidize 辅助/subsidy 补助，补贴/subsidiary64.a factor in sth/depend on sth65.be preferred by/choice66.attitude to/how67.the present century/modern society68. 强调：emphasize/stress/highlight/focus on/concentrate on69.in term of 按照，在…方面，关于/with regard to, in spite of 不顾，尽管70. small-scale 小范围/marginal 边缘处的第八组：71. physical/medical72.negotiation/agreement 谈判，洽谈/商定，协议73.evolve/develop 来源：壹壹英语74.apartment/accommodation 公寓/住房75.virtual (love)/simulate 模拟的(网恋)/模拟76.catastrophe/disaster 大灾难/灾难，不幸77.innovate/invent 革新，创新/发明，创造78.sculpture/craft 雕刻，雕塑/工艺77.exorbitant/expensive 过度的，极高的/费用大的，昂贵的79. be participant in/take part in/participate inbour[美，澳]/work第九组：81.attend to/take care of82.dual employment/dual-worker 双职工(家庭)83.indicate/predict 指示，表明，象征/预料，预言A major contributor to/be central to 来源，起点/是…的主要，中心原因84.expert/therapist 专家，能手;知识丰富的/某个专科的专家85.lead to/be associated with 相联系(带来…的好处)86.balanced/equitable 平等的87.handicap/disabled/primitive 残疾的，落后的88. could not-and cannot/has always been unable to by/from89.benefit/advantage90.substantialinfluence/greater likelihood第十组：91.agree on/define92.considereddesirable/effectiveness93.masquerade/(in) disguise 伪装94.insignificant/didn’t seriously 不重要/不严重的95.inspect/examine 审核,检查96.caliber/criterion 标准97.no-one know，notorious 无人知晓，臭名昭著的98.dissatisfy/argue 不满意/厌恶，讨厌99.pessimism/negative/blue 悲观的，忧郁的，optimistic 乐观的100.unsatisfactory/hardly be looked upon。
阅读理解常见同义替换词
阅读理解常见同义替换词1、处理：resolve=handle=tackle=deal with=cope with=dispose=address2、繁荣：prosperous=flourish=boom(繁荣)→loom(朦胧)→gloom(忧郁，阴暗)→doom(末日)3、首位：predominance=primary=primitive=primacy4、源于：origin=come from=be from=originate from=stem from=evolve from=derive from5、合并：merger and acquisition=consolidation=concentration6、相关：relevant=related=A has sth.to do with B7、财产：property=real estate=estate=asset8、精确：precision=accuracy9、创新：thinking ability=critical thinking=creative=innovation10、认为合理：think proper=logical thinking11、推理：reasoning=logical thought=thought12、大众文化：popular culture=common culture13、文化力：cultural power=assimilating power14、阻止：prevent=hinder=refrain=deter15、法官：judge=Justice16、忧虑：apprehension=worry=anxiety=depression=gloomy=frustration17、人：mind(有才智的人;精英)=people=individual18、信心：faith=confidence=assertiveness19、斥责：dismiss=rebuke=criticize20、tap(开发)：tap the market=explore the market=expand the market21、处理：resolve=handle=tackle=deal with=cope with=dispose=address22、繁荣：prosperous=flourish=boom23、合并：merger and acquisition=consolidation=concentration24、转变，转换：alter=change=transform=shift=switch=modify=convert=vary25、替换：replace=substitute=displace=change26、首位：predominance=primary=primitive=primacy27、参加：attendance=join in=take part in=participate(participant参与者)=be present at28、强调：stress=highlight=emphasize=underline29、增加：increase=rise=raise=boost=skyrocket=advance=progress=improve=grow=enh ance=soar=develop30、数据：data=statistics=figure31、复杂：complicated=mixed=complex=perplex=intricate=sophisticated=confused32、影响：impact=affect=influence33、压力：stress=pressure=press=strain34、政客：politician=statesman35、特点：feature=characteristic=trait36、改革：reform=revolution37、心情：mood=emotion=atmosphere38、愤怒：rage=outrage=grievance=indignation39、怀疑：skeptical=suspicious40、奇怪：weird=odd=peculiar=strange41、多样：various=diverse42、直接：frank=straight=directly43、模糊：dim=vague=obscure=loom44、营养不良：malnutrition=under-nutrition45、忍受：stand=bear(反义：withstand(反抗))46、薪水：salary=pay=wage=emolument47、花费：expenses=income=revenue=gain=earning48、津贴：subsidy=pension=allowance49、高贵：noble=royal(区别：loyal忠诚)50、谦卑：humble51、告示：announcement=notice=poster=bulletin52、限制：limit=restrict=constrict=discipline=confine=hold back=scale back=curb on(遏制)53、地位：status=rank54、可用的：usable=available=applicable=leisure(空闲的)55、偏见：bias=prejudice=discrimination=inequality56、加强：promote=facilitate=enhance=strengthen=reinforce57、顾客：customer=client=consumer=guest58、信息：information=message=data=figure=statistics59、故意：deliberately=intentionally=purposely=on/in purpose60、吸引：appeal=attract=fascinate=tempt61、地区：regions=scope=range=sphere(势力范围)62、观察：perceive=observe63、公平，公正：fair(fairness)=impartial=just=unbiased=disinterested64、保护：protect=guard=safeguard=defend(defendant辩护，被告)=shield65、生产：yield=manufacturer=generate66、脆弱：vulnerable=weak=feeble=fragile=susceptible67、关于：concerning=in terms of=with respect to68、谋生：earn one's living=make one's living =live off69、遵守：comply with=conform to70、培养：nurture=foster=cultivate71、奇怪：weird=odd=peculiar=strange72、模糊：dim=vague=obscure=loom73、薪水：salary=pay=wage=emolument74、津贴：subsidy=pension=allowance75、告示：announcement=notice=poster=bulletin76、痛苦：misery(miserable)=suffering=pain=unpleasant=grief=grievance(还有“不满，愤怒”之意)77、迷惑的，欺骗的：misleading=confusing=deceptive=unrealistic=misrepresentative=false78、不清楚的，不确定的：unclear=uncertain=doubtful=undecided=unsure=in doubt=vague=ambiguous79、认为：argue=maintain=allege=insist=affirm=hold=think=suppose80、表明：show=prove=illustrate=demonstrate=confirm=indicate=establish=suggest=rev eal=uncover=disclose=make known81、招收：enroll=employ=take on=enlist=draft(征募)=engage(聘用)=conscript=sign up=enroll=hire=recruit=select(选拔)82、供给：supply=stock=provide=furnish=feed=provision83、怀疑的：doubtful=suspicious=questionable=dubious=skeptical84、难以置信地：incredibly=unbelievably85、保护：protect=defend=guard=shelter=shield=preserve86、例外：exception=exclusion87、自然地：naturally=certainly=surely=indeed(反义是artificially(人工地))88、全体人员：personnel=staff=faculty(全体教员)=crew=workers89、适当地，正确地：properly=appropriately=suitably=correctly90、源于：derive from=originate from=stem from=come from91、完全地，彻底地：completely=entirely=utterly=fully=altogether=thoroughly=absolutely=perfectly= totally92、方面，外观：aspect=appearance=look=view93、性格，品质：character=quality=personality=nature94、无意识的：unconscious=unaware=absent-minded=unintentional95、描述：describe=portray=represent=picture96、一致的：consensus=consistent=unanimous=coherent97、商品：commodity=merchandise=purchase(购置物)98、小册子：brochure=booklet=pamphlet99、遗传，继承：inherit=heritage=legacy=successor100、传统的：conventional=traditional=orthodox=used to do101、损害：impair=damage=ruin=harm102、显然的：conspicuous=obvious=evident103、反驳：refute=retort=contradict104、庄严：solemn=sacred=majesty105、更新，恢复：renovate=revive=refresh=rejuvenate=regain=restore106、转变：alter=change=transform=shift=switch=modify=convert107、数据：data=statistics=figure108、大的：giant=massive=tremendous=dramatic109、复杂：complicated=mixed=complex=confused110、安乐死：mercy killing=euthanasia=physician-assisted suicide111、重要：vital=critical=crucial=essential=significant112、充足的：ample=affluent=plentiful=sufficient=superfluous=abundant=adequate113、假冒，模仿：simulate=imitate=disguise=mock=forge=hypocrisy=pattern 114、渗透：permeate=penetrate=saturate115、租：lease=rent=tenant=hire116、暂时的，临时的：temporary=transient=interim=tentative=briefly117、气味：scent=odor=fragrant=perfume118、腐败，侵蚀：corrode=rot=decay=corrupt=stale=degenerate119、退：repel=recede=retreat=retire120、鄙视：contempt=despise=scorn=disdain=look down upon121、波动：swing=sway=vibrate=fluctuate122、微不足道的：negligible=trivial=insignificant123、脆的，易碎的：fragile=brittle=crisp=delicate124、杰出的：prominent=eminent=renowned125、要回，索取：reclaim=refund=retrieve=withdraw126、附属：affiliate=appendix=auxiliary127、活力的：energetic=robust=vigorous=brisk=dynamic128、讽刺：satire=sarcastic=irony129、声誉：reputation=celebrity=fame=prestige130、隐伏的：underlying=implicit=latent=loom=potential131、工作：vocation=occupation=pursuit132、治疗：remedy=therapy=medication133、开始：commence=outset=threshold134、管理：supervise=administrate=manage=regulate135、枯燥的：tedious=monotonous136、迅速的：swift=prompt=instant137、堆：heap=stack=pile138、养育：nourish=nurture=rear=foster139、可能：likelihood=possibility=potentiality140、真正的：authentic=genuine=real141、固有的：inherent=intrinsic=innate=inborn142、原始的：primitive=primeval=incipient143、剩余的：remainder=surplus=redundant=remnant=excess144、依靠：rely on=count on=depend on145、特点：feature=characteristic=trait146、因此：thus=whereby=therefore=hence=accordingly=consequently147、心情：mood=emotion=atmosphere148、焦虑：anxiety(anxious)=depression(depressed)=gloomy=frustration(frustrated)149、愤怒：rage=outrage=grievance=indignation150、高兴：happy=light-hearted=joy=relived151、限制：limit=restrict=constrict=discipline=confine=hold back=scale back=curb on152、偏见：bias=prejudice=discrimination=inequality153、发行：issue=release=distribute=launch154、会议：conference=meeting=convention155、结束：fulfill=finish=accomplish=carry out=achieve=complete156、精确：accuracy=precision157、加强：promote=facilitate=enhance=strengthen=reinforce158、前景：prospect=future=expectation=outlook159、公司：enterprise=firm=company=corporation(区别：cooperation合作)160、抱怨：complain=moan=groan161、有希望的：promising=hopeful=brightenings162、责备：condemn=blame163、谋生：earn one’s living=make one’s living=live off 164、换句话说：put another way=in other words165、培养：foster=cultivate=nurture(区别：nature自然)。
四六级阅读同义词替换
四六级阅读同义词替换所有考试的阅读理解都离不开“同义替换”这个出题人惯用的手法。
可是由于表达意思一致，而被出题人用来替换，并且可以混淆视听让考生以为这个表述与原文不一致。
由于这些是阅读替换词，有很多用法、语法、含义不一样，所以只适用于阅读，不适用于写作时用来替换。
一、同义/近义类替换通过同义词、近义词或者反义词的否定形式来进行替换（一）人物类高频替换词1. exceptional=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable=excellent 优秀；出色2. poor=bad=not very good=weak 差劲；弱；不擅长3. unsurpassed=top=greatest=finest=best 最好的；无人能超越的4. astounded=startled=be taken aback=astonished=amazed=surprised 惊讶的5. earnings=salary=income=pay=wage 工资；收入6. rage=indignation=wrath=anger 愤怒；愤慨7. celebrated=renowned=eminent=prestigious=well-known=famous 著名的（二）文化类高频替换词1. destruction=loss 损失；损坏2. play a part in=contribute to 对...有作用；促进3. vital=crucial=essential=important 重要4. mating=courtship 交配5. intensify=expand=widen 加强；扩大6. unfashionable=old-fashioned=outmoded=outdated=traditional 过时的；传统的7. enchanting=intriguing=appealing=attractive=interesting 有趣的；吸引的（三）教育类高频替换词1. syllabus=curriculum=course 课程2. rudimentary=degenerated=underdeveloped 不发达的3. confront=face=encounter=meet 面对；遇到4. instruct=coach=train=teach 指导；教导5. shield=safeguard=guard=protect 保护6. accountability=liability=responsibility=obligation=duty 责任；义务7. modify=alter=change 改变（四）科普类高频替换词1. impetus=stimulus=root=origin=factor=reason 动力；原因2. pinpoint=diagnose=identify 查明；判断；鉴定3. prolonged=enduring=abiding=lingering 持久的4. chronic=lasting=long-standing=long-running=long-term 长期的5. link to=be connected to=be linked to 联系6. stalk=track=tail=follow 跟踪；跟随7. optimum=ideal 最合适的；理想的8. resemble=similar=alike 相似的9. escalate=climb=grow=increase==rise=go up 上升10. varied=wide-ranging=diverse=mixed 多样的二、解释类替换通过用更简单但更篇幅更长的文字来解释其意思，从而达到同义替换的目的。
阅读同义词替换
1. ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视v.2. encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.3. mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4. easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5. change=modify(modification) 改变v.6. destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7. investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=gointo=probe=look into 调查v.8. where=geographical location 表地点9. important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10. reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus 原因n.11. protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12. newspapers, television=media媒体n.13. where to live=habitat居住地n.14. get warmer=global warming变暖n.15. contribute to=play a part有助于v.16. survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.17. curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18. link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19. underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20. poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impres sive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.22. mating=courtship交配. 23. follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.24. good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25. best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-break ing极好的adj.26. surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27. volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28. similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29. blind=can not see瞎的adj.1. initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.2. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pickup=widen=be on the increase=intensify=expand=build up 上升，增加v.3. teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4. more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5. determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6. young people=teenager=youth=in yourteens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.7. community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashion able传统的adj.9. fail=failure=notsucceed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do no good=fall through失败v.10. endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.11. diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12. inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid 不可避免的adj.13. differ from=unusual与…不同v.14. reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.15. consult=ask somebody's advice=seekadvice=get/obtain advice资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation= variant另一个17. therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness 临床医学家n.18. retrain=taking courses再教育v.19. salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lif elong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.21. complaint=complain=make acomplaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22. illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.23. connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.24. beneficial=be good for you/ do somebodygood=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.25. insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解n.26. physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.27. hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n. 28. accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随29. mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.30. possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.31. reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.32. class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33. rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习n.34. peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc 同伴n.35. defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.36.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tacti cs 方法，功略n.37. assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.38. specific=give (somebody) more details=expandon=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be more specific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39. substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.40. surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.41. engage=give somebody a job=employ=takeon=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.42. combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43. survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge 4 TEST 31. quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writing because it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2. exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example of something 例证v.3. explain=tell=say what/why/whereetc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed lighton=set out解释v.4. outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v.5. purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.6. encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up to鼓励v.7. loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.8. poverty= being poor贫穷n.9. crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.10. reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.11. employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.12. courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.13. storage=keep=store=keep something instorage=preserve 存储n.14. facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competit ive= determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.16. effort=to try very hard to do something=attempt=campaign=drive努力n.17. feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of the land, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.18. planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.19. unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.20. machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.21. ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in the future= final最终的，根本的adj.22. atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛; 大气n.23. occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.24. expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.25. form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.26. emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现v.27. emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射n.28. situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况n.29. self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.30. generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.31. various=there are several different types of thatthing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.32. convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that is convenient 方便的adj.33. objective=impartial=neutral=not takesides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.34. enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查35. observe=notice=can see/cantell=see=spot=detect=note becomeaware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive观察v.36. comment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论37. include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括v.38. focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.39. affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响v.40. gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derivefrom/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.41. concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.1. official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的adj.2. athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj.3. intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的adj.4. burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发5. recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.6. inadequate=not enough=toolittle=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short 不足的adj.7. develop=come from=be based on=originate=go backto=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=developfrom=evolve from发展，生长v.8. enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v.9.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected =guess in advance预测v.10. specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.11. theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience理论的adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple= crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech 基本的adj.13. nature=plants/animals etc=somebody'scharacter=qualities of something=type自然n.14.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=e nd目的n.15. translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.16. ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj.17. realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的18. field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.19. document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on a computer文件n.20. equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.21. influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响n.22.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good= be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.23. compare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different from each other=liken=make a comparison=draw ananalogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.24. economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv.25. establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.26. sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.27. realize=know=be/become aware=cantell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectlywell=know/learn from experience意识到v.28. limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制29. produce=form=create=generate生产v.30. guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证v.31. liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.32. independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.33. consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used to show approval持续的adj.34. underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are 低估v. 35. provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n.1. produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2. central=middle中心的adj.3. did not have=without没有v.4.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer 带来v.5. time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.6. increase=goup/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pickup=widen=intensify=build up增加7. assistant=helper=coach 助手n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous =tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.9. illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.10. quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.11. predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.12. rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者n.13. distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.14. fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness=bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点15. cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16. confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.17. stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.18. prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19. contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.20. grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.21. fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremely interesting吸引，使着迷v.22. disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.23. expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.24. psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.25. obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.26. identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27. severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.28. unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.29. deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.30. moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between good and evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.31. prior to=before=previous在…前面32. repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times 重复n.33. genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.34. sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important 牺牲v. 35. victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.36. forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.37. persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.38. surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.39. extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.40. abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.41. exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.42. phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.43. perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.44. impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.45. entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.46. distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.47. dispose=to arrange things or put them in theirplaces=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.48. intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering thefacts=instinct 直觉n.49. emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.50. diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.51. postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.52. crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential至关重要的adj.53. pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a bad result=getting worse悲观的adj.54. attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge 5 TEST 21. similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2. derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=enc ouragement 动机，动力n.4. generate=produce=bring intoexistence=make=manufacture产生v.5. couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.6. factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.7. unique=have thedistinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.8. advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.9. field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.10. alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.11. like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12. resource=material=source资源，来源n.13. limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14. involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.15. current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.17. draw on=absorb=do with吸收v. 18. settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.19. superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.20. accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.21. view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.22. artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.23. involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.24. release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.25. difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.26. task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.27. instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.28. react=respond 反应v.29. relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.30. subject views=outlook=personal/individualviews=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.31. distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to report something in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v.32. figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.33. assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment 评估，估计v.34. emerge=appear=come forth出现v.35. remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.36. exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.37. foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.38. overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.39. initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.40. whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.1. outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2. overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3. insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4. supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.5. launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.6. suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7. detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8. handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent障碍，困难n.9. peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10. positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.11. administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12. funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.13. interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.15. sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀n.16. interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v. 17. process=procedure=method=approach过程n.18. threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.19. valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.20. construct=build=make=found 建造v.21. blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪v.22. stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.23. long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.24. impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.25. occur=happen=exist=come发生v.26. contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.27. military=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28. separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.29. vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.30. consciousness=awareness 意识n.31. ignite=light=inflame点燃v.32. encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.33. reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel 认为v.34. widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.35. launch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.36. contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.37. potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.38. prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.39. perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.1. community=organization=group=body团体n.2. fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3. remote=distant 遥远的adj.4. require=desire=order=command要求v.5. inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.6. consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv.7. destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.8. throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv.9. operate=act=run运转v.10. output=product输出，产品n.11. decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12. undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.13. revive=renaissance复兴v.14. unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.15. ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16. fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17. break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.18. interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19. insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.20. expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.21. suppress=control=restrain=repress=putdown=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v.22. speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v. 23.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigat e检查，调查v.24. dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.25.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=ins pect 察觉，发现v.26. claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.27. cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.28. unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.29. be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30. encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.31. considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.32. regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾33. adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.34. assure=makesure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保v.35. suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.1.exchange=apply something learned in one toothers=change 交流v.2.expertise=skill 专门技术n.3.employ=analyze=study 使用v.4.investigation=analysis 调查n.5.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.6.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.7.funded support=finance 资金n.8.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.9.calculate=measure 计算v.10.event=championship 赛事n.11.plan=prepare=design 计划v.12.improve=grow=get better 进步v.13.trade=economy 贸易n.14.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.15.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.16.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.17.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.18.delivery=export or import 运输n.19.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.20.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.21.shipping=freight 船运n.22.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.23.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.ndscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.25.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.26.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities必需品n.27.supply=provision=support 供给n.28.grow=increase=rise=improve=goup=boost=expand=extend 增长v.29.respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.30.understanding=knowledge 了解n.31.well-being=health 健康n.32.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.33.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.34.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.35.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限36.not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的37.present inhabitant=descendant 居民38.give up=abandon 放弃39.mainly=heavily=most 主要地40.visit=venture 参观41.1. successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.42.2. people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.43.3. commute=travel 通勤v.44.4. higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.45.5. income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.46.6. beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.47.7. together=face to face 共同48.8. refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v. 49.9. accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.50.10. usage=use=benefit=profit 用处n.51.11. averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的52.12. limited=minimal 有限的adj.53.13. move from one to another=adopt one overanother 转移54.14. show=reveal=uncover=indicate=pointout=imply 表明55.15. related=associated 有关联的adj.56.16. suffer=be afflicted 忍受（病痛）v.57.17. research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.58.18. affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.59.19. disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.60.20. increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=goup=add=escalate 上升v.61.21. link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.62.22.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=ma rked大量的adj.63.23. reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.64.24. elderly people=old people 老人n.65.25. independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.66.26. regular=daily 定期的adj.67.27. exercise=physical activity 运动n.68.28. challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.69.29. decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease下降v.70.30. lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.71.31. hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.72.32. restricted=limited 有限的adj.73.33. concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.74.34. specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.75.35. early=older 早期的adj.76.36. fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.77.37. sufficient=enough 足够的adj.78.38. quantity=how many=amount 数量n.79.39. misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.80.40. prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.81.41. poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.82.42. newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.83.43. ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.84.1. teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.85.2. actor=star 演员n.86.3. first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.87.4. storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.88.5. globe=world 世界n.89.6. early=first=ancient 早期的adj.90.7. passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝91.8. describe=tell 描述v.92.9. realistic=achievable 现实的adj.93.10. target=goal=aim 目标n.94.11. feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.95.12. match to=suit to 合适96.13. reward=promotion oradvancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.97.14. link to=make something contingenton=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来98.15. achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.99.16. remuneration=payment 酬金n.100.17. tend to=prone to 倾向于101.18.feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.102.19. participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.103.20. staff=employee=worker 员工n.104.21. visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.105.22. clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.106.23.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appr aise 评判v.107.24. job=work=assignment 工作n.108.25.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=she lve=put off延后v.109.26. growing old=ageing 变老110.27. people=mortal=people=individual 人n. 111.28. life=lifespan 生命112.29.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opp ortunity=risk=luck 机会n.113.30. production=generation=output 产量n. 114.31. theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.115.32. focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于116.33. short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.117.Cambridge 6 TEST 4118.1. drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.119.2. promotion=marketing 营销n.120.3. increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.121.4. research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.122.5. work=be an effective way=beuseful=help=achieve=succeed=have aneffect=happen=turn out 奏效v.123.6.technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way技术n.124.7.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.125.8. moral=ethical 道德的adj.126.9. legitimate=have every right todo=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.127.10. money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.128.11. adults=men and women 成人n.129.12. maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.130.13. education=literacy=cultivation 教育n.131.14. child=infant=kid 孩子n.132.15. approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.133.16. impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.134.17. programme=campaign=project 项目n.135.18.common=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj.136.19. be halved=decline by 50% 减半137.20. key=mostimportant=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj.138.21.produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产v.139.22. detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.140.23. on its own=alone 自身141.24. however=but=yet 但是142.25. self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信n.143.26. effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的adj.144.27. distinguish=recognize thedifference=differentiate 区别v.Cambridge 7 TEST 11. rely on=depend on 依靠v.。
高考阅读100个同义词替换精髓词汇
高考阅读100个同义词替换精髓词汇1.important=crucial =significant=vital=essential=critical=fatal=indispensable=necessarymon=universal=ubiquitous=general=widely3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) =sufficient4.stick=adhere=cling(hold on something tightly) =insist=persist5.neglect=ignore=overlook=elide=lose sight of sth.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(two things next to each other)=adjoin(the same as adjacent) =close to7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seeksth, you try to obtain it.) =chase=aspire8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure=dim=indistinct=fuzzy10.top=peak=summit=acmepetitor=rival=opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable) =make illegal=abuse=censure=denounce=curse=imprecate13.opinion=perspective=standpoint=idea=viewpoint=point of view14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation=distinction15.build=erect=establish=foundhumble pie16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid) =put sb. to shameplain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way) =murmur at18.primary=radical(very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe) =lighten=ease=remit20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something he does not want to),compel=enforce=impel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is) =expansion=amplify=broadenplex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)=complicated=sophisticated23. lonely=solitary=lonesome=single24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment=commend26.hard-working=industry=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly)27.difficult=tough=bump=rub=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren=infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle=vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate=illustrate=prove=indicate=discover=find(to demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people.)31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent)=colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous=giant=huge=enormous=gigantic32.avoid=shun=escape=prevent=hide from33.fair=impartial=just=equitable=detached34.attack=assault(physically attack someone), assail(attack violently)=offend35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much) disagreeable=disgusting=hate36.ruin=damage=break=devastate=destroy=wreck=decay=ravage37.rare=infrequent(doesn’t happen often)38.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)39.always=invariably=often=usually= frequently40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal(a great enthusiasm), fervency(sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)=silent=calm44.expensive=high price=can’t be affordable=exorbitant (it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive)46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)=senseless=uninteresting=disappointed47.respect=esteem=honor48.worry=fret=apprehensive(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)=freeze50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.basedon=derived from /can see or notice them very easily)60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(come into existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)65.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)!66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful andsensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, orhis/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e= utilize (the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure andsatisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)#82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing canattract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly。
高中英语知识点归纳阅读中的同义词替换技巧
高中英语知识点归纳阅读中的同义词替换技巧同义词替换技巧是高中英语阅读中非常重要的一项技能。
掌握了同义词替换技巧，不仅能够提高我们阅读理解的效率和准确性，还能帮助我们更好地理解文章的意思。
本文将对高中英语知识点进行归纳，并介绍一些在阅读中常见的同义词替换技巧。
一、名词的同义词替换1. 人称代词替换：he/she → the man/woman, it → the object, they → the people/persons示例：原文句子：He is a famous scientist.替换后的句子：The man is a well-known scientist.2. 物体代词替换：it → the object, this/that → the thing示例：原文句子：I like this book.替换后的句子：I like the book.3. 动物替换：cat → the animal, bird → the creature示例：原文句子：The cat is sleeping.替换后的句子：The animal is sleeping.二、动词的同义词替换1. 行为动词的替换：do → perform, make → create, go → travel, eat → consume示例：原文句子：He does his homework every day.替换后的句子：He performs his homework every day.2. 感官动词的替换：hear → listen to, see → observe, touch → feel示例：原文句子：I saw a movie yesterday.替换后的句子：I observed a movie yesterday.3. 变化动词的替换：change → alter, become → turn into, increase → rise示例：原文句子：The weather changes a lot in spring.替换后的句子：The weather alters a lot in spring.三、形容词和副词的同义词替换1. 形容词替换：good → excellent, bad → terrible, beautiful → stunning示例：原文句子：She is a good student.替换后的句子：She is an excellent student.2. 副词替换：quickly → rapidly, slowly → gradually, happily → joyfully示例：原文句子：He runs quickly.替换后的句子：He runs rapidly.四、连词和介词的同义词替换1. 连词替换：but → however, and → in addition, so → th erefore示例：原文句子：I like to play soccer, but I don't have time.替换后的句子：I like to play soccer, however I don't have time.2. 介词替换：in → within, on → upon, with → along with示例：原文句子：He is in the room.替换后的句子：He is within the room.通过以上的同义词替换技巧，我们能够更好地理解文章的意思，提高我们的阅读理解能力。
阅读理解题文同义转换词汇共24页文档
11、战争满足了，或曾经满足过人的 好斗的 本能， 但它同 时还满 足了人 对掠夺 ，破坏 以及残 酷的纪 律和专 制力的 欲望。 ——查·埃利奥 特 12、不应把纪律仅仅看成教育的手段 。纪律 是教育 过程的 结果， 首先是 学生集 体表现 在一切 生活领 域—— 生产、 日常生 活、学 校、文 化等领 域中努 力的结 果。— —马卡 连柯(名 言网)
51、 天 下 之 事 常成 于困约 ，而败 于奢靡 。——陆 游 52、 生 命 不 等 于是呼 吸，生 命是活 动。——卢 梭
53、 伟 大 的 事 业，需 要决心 ，能力 ，组织 和责任 感。 ——易 卜 生 54、 唯 书 籍 不 朽。——乔 特
55、 为 中 华 之 崛起而 读书。 ——周 恩来
阅读理解题文同义转换词汇共24页文档
41、实际上，我们想要的不是针对犯 罪的法 律，而 是针对 疯狂的 法律。 ——马 克·吐温 42、法律的力量应当跟随着公民ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้就 像影子 跟随着 身体一 样。— —贝卡 利亚 43、法律和制度必须跟上人类思想进 步。— —杰弗 逊 44、人类受制于法律，法律受制于情 理。— —托·富 勒
45、法律的制定是为了保证每一个人 自由发 挥自己 的才能 ，而不 是为了 束缚他 的才能 。—— 罗伯斯 庇尔
31、只有永远躺在泥坑里的人，才不会再掉进坑里。——黑格尔 32、希望的灯一旦熄灭，生活刹那间变成了一片黑暗。——普列姆昌德 33、希望是人生的乳母。——科策布 34、形成天才的决定因素应该是勤奋。——郭沫若 35、学到很多东西的诀窍，就是一下子不要学很多。——洛克
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
阅读理解必备之同意转换(部分)
同意转换在阅读理解中非常重要,往往能快速决定一道题的答案,先给出部分以引导大家复习词汇的方向,其余陆续贴出. apart from-----except ,in addition to
proponent------sponsor ,supporter
free from ------without
question --------challenge ,defy
precision--------accuracy, exact
tilt ---------slope ,lean toward one side
cater to ------fit suit
personal-------individual, private
eventually-----finally
by virtue of------due to, owing to
possess ----------own, share
postpone---------delay
outweigh----------surpass
proof ------evidence
enhance-----------strengthen
advance ----------raise , move forward identify--------recognize
rash ----------increase ,large number debate---------controversy
condition-------control, influence allegiance--------loyalty
abandon--------give up ,desert
superficial--------not deep ,on the surface absorb ---------take in, comprehend temporary----------short termed
coordinated----------cooperative
hazard --------danger
soar------go up ,expand ,rocket
stand out --------popular, outstanding distrust -------suspect, doubt
get acquainted with--------be familial with concern--------worry
try out -------investigate
intelligent-------gifted
focus on --------concentrate on, emphasize ward off---------stop, prevent
hospitable--------friendly
inclined-----------tend to ,likely
protect ---------shelter, shield
vanish -------disappear
emerge----------appear, turn up
be aware of -------be conscious of
distinguish from--------differ from
involve--------include
emphasize---------stress
rely on -------depend on
be conditioned to------be accustomed to
lack of -------lose
distract--------draw attention from
substitute------replace
advocate -------support, sponsor
adolescent-------teenager
decline-------drop, cut,
lower,shrink,curb,lessen,diminish,decelerate deceive--------deceitful, deceptive, dishonest on the line,on the ropes-------in danger employee------staff, worker
drown--------die under the water
new-----novel
sufficient-----abundant
cause--------bring about
yearly-------annual
same--------identical
expect------anticipate
overcome------conquer
unwilling -------reluctant
permanent-----------everlasting
be attached to -------be fond of
take part in --------participate
by chance-------by accident, accidentally vulnerable------easily affected
scrutiny-------observe carefully。