乙酸乙酯的反应器设计流程

摘要

乙酸乙酯是一类重要的有机溶剂和有机化工基本原料，其用途非常广泛，目前我国采用传统的方法制备即乙酸和乙醇为原料，浓硫酸为催化剂直接催化合成乙酸乙酯。所以通过对乙酸乙酯的理化性质，社会用途与需求和国内外发展现状进行研究调查以及乙酸乙酯在实验室制法和工业生产各方面对比之后，为此对乙醇和乙酸的缩合进行了乙酸乙酯合成工艺的课程设计。本选题为年产量为年产5017吨乙酸乙酯的反应器的设计。对工业生产中的物料衡算，热量衡算和合成工艺的设备等方面为间歇釜式反应器的工业设计提供较为详尽的数据与图纸。本选题为年产量为年产5017吨乙酸乙酯的反应器的设计。

关键字：乙酸；乙醇；乙酸乙酯；合成工艺；间歇式反应器

Abstract

Ethyl acetate is a kind of important organic solvents and basic organic chemical raw materials, its application is very broad, our country prepared using traditional methods that acetic acid and ethanol as raw material, concentrated sulfuric acid catalyzed direct synthesis of ethyl acetate. So through the social use of physical and chemical properties of ethyl status quo needs, and conduct research and development at home and abroad as well as various aspects of ethyl acetate after comparing laboratory and industrial production system of law, for the condensation of ethanol and acetic acid were synthesis of ethyl curriculum design. The topic for the annual production of 5,017 tons annual output of ethyl reactor design. In industrial production of material balance, heat balance and synthesis process equipment to provide more detailed data and drawings for the batch tank reactor industrial design. The topic for the annual production of 5,017 tons annual output of ethyl reactor design.

Key words: Acetic acid; Ethanol; Ethyl acetate; Synthesis process; Batch reactor

目录

摘要 (Ⅰ)

Abstract (Ⅱ)

第一章前言 (8)

1.1 乙酸乙酯概述 (8)

1.1.1 乙酸乙酯的简介 (8)

1.1.2 乙酸乙酯的用途 (8)

1.1乙酸乙酯的产能和市场需求 (9)

1.2.1 世界乙酸乙酯的产能与消费情况 (9)

1.2.2 我国乙酸乙酯的产能与消费状况 (9)

第二章工艺流程的比较 (12)

2.1 本课题设计内容和要求 (12)

2.1.1 设计要求 (12)

2.1.2 具体设计内容 (12)

2.2 设计方案的确定 (12)

2.2.1反应原理 (12)

第三章工艺设计方案 (14)

3.1原料路线确定的原则和依据 (14)

3.1.1乙醇乙酸酯化法 (14)

3.1.2乙醛缩合法 (14)

3.1.3乙烯加成法 (15)

3.1.4乙醇脱氢法 (15)

第四章工艺设计计算 (17)

4.1 设计依据 (17)

4.2设计方案 (17)

4.3设计条件 (17)

4.4反应条件 (17)

4.5工艺计算及方案选择 (17)

4.5.1反应器的的操作有间歇操作和连续操作 (17)

4.5.2间歇反应釜进料 (18)

4.5.3 流量的计算 (18)

4.5.4 反应体积及反应时间计算 (19)

4.6连续性反应釜进料的计算 (20)

4.6.1流量的计算 ................................................................................................................... 20 4.6.2反应体积及反应时间计算 ............................................................................................. 21 4.6.3设备和工艺流程图 .. (23)

第五章 热量衡算 ................................................................................................................................ 24 5.1热量衡算总式 (24)

5.2每摩尔各种物值在不同条件下的m p C ,值 ................................................................................. 24 5.3各种气象物质的参数如下表 .................................................................................................... 25 5.4每摩尔物质在80℃下的焓值 ................................................................................................... 25 5.5总能量衡算 ............................................................................................................................. 26 5.6 换热设计 .............................................................................................................................. 27 5.7 水蒸气的用量 ....................................................................................................................... 27 第六章 设备设计与选型 (28)

6.1反应釜体及夹套的设计计算 (28)

6.1.1 筒体和封头的几何参数的确定 ..................................................................................... 28 6.1.2 筒体和封头的型式 ....................................................................................................... 28 6.1.3筒体和封头的直径 ........................................................................................................ 28 6.1.4 确定筒体高度H ........................................................................................................... 28 6.1.5 夹套直径、高度的确定 ................................................................................................ 29 6.2釜体及夹套厚度的计算 .. (29)

6.2.1设备材料 ....................................................................................................................... 29 6.3 设备的壁厚计算 (29)

6.3.1 釜体筒体壁厚计算 ....................................................................................................... 29 6.3.2 内压设计计算 .............................................................................................................. 29 6.3.3 外压设计计算 .............................................................................................................. 30 6.3.4 釜体封头壁厚计算 ....................................................................................................... 30 6.3.5 夹套筒体壁厚设计计算 ................................................................................................ 31 6.3.6 夹套封头壁厚设计与选择 ............................................................................................ 31 6.3.7 反应釜设计参数 ........................................................................................................... 31 6.4搅拌器设计 .. (32)

6.4.1 搅拌器的形式选择 ....................................................................................................... 32 6.4.2 搅拌器转速n ： ........................................................................................................... 32 6.4.3 传动功率P ： ............................................................................................................... 32 6.4.4 电机功率 ...................................................................................................................... 32 6.4.5 减速器的选择 .............................................................................................................. 32 6.4.6 电动机的选择 .............................................................................................................. 32 6.5搅拌轴直径的设计计算 .. (33)

6.5.1 搅拌轴材料： .............................................................................................................. 33 6.5.2 搅拌轴强度计算 ........................................................................................................... 33 6.5.3 搅拌轴刚度计算 ........................................................................................................... 33 6.6.夹套式反应釜附属装置的确定 (33)

6.6.2 反应釜总重 ................................................................................................................ 33 6.7 人孔C .................................................................................................................................... 33 6.8接管及其法兰选择 (34)

6.8.1 水蒸气进口管： ........................................................................................................... 34 6.8.2 冷却水出口管： ........................................................................................................... 34 6.8.3 进料管 . (34)

第七章 总 结 ................................................................................................................................ 36 参考文献 . (37)