托福TPO14听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析
听说教程1Unit14Advertising听力原文答案注释
Unit 14 AdvertisingPart ACommunicative Function Agreement or Disagreement1. a. Agree b. Disagree2. a. Agree b. Disagree3. a. Agree b. Disagree4. a. Agree b. Disagree5. a. Agree b. Disagree6. a. Agree b. Disagree7. a. Agree b. Disagree8. a. Agree b. DisagreeScript1. --Do you think we should put an ad in the newspaper to sell our apartment?--Sure, why not?2. --Campus Daily isn't very interesting this week.--You can say that again.3. --I hear putting an ad in a newspaper costs a lot of money.--It depends.4. --In my opinion watching so many TV ads is a waste of time.--I couldn't agree with you less.5. --You don't care for commercials on TV, do you?--I'll say I don't.6. --Didn't you think the movie we saw last night was fascinating?--I wouldn't say that.7. --There'll be a football match between England and France on Channel 10 tonight.--Are you absolutely sure?8. --The design of the movie ads appeals to me very much.--You said it.NotesWe can express disagreement either directly or indirectly. You disagree directly when you are sure of the fact or when you think your opinion is more reasonable. Otherwise indirect disagreement often sounds more polite. "Are you absolutely sure?" and "I wonder if there's a mistake" are examples of showing disagreement indirectly.Listening StrategyDistinguishing Signal WordsWords like "but", "although" and "however" give a signal that the speaker (or writer) is going to say something different from what has been said. On the other hand, words like "and", "besides" and "also" only add something similar to what has been said. The ability to recognize these signal words while listening is a great help in understanding a text correctly.Listen to the short conversations and choose the right answers to the questions you hear.1. a. Yes b. No2. a. Yes b. No3. a. Yes b. No4. a. Yes b. No5. a. Yes b. No6. a. Yes b. No7. a. Yes b. No8. a. Yes b. NoScript1. --How do you like our campus, John?--Well, it's very large but it's not clean enough.Q: Does John have a favorable opinion of the campus?2. --How do you like your English teacher, Li Ming?--She's very strict and her classes are always well-organized. Besides, she often givesup her free time for her students.Q: Does Li Ming like her English teacher?3. --How did you enjoy your vacation, Jack?--Although it was short, I visited many museums and art galleries.Q: Did Jack enjoy his vacation?4. --Michael, everybody says Professor Fall is a boring teacher. What do you think?--Everyone falls asleep in his class. And he's hard to talk to.Q: Is Professor Fall popular among his students?5. --What's your impression of New York, Barbara?--I really like the stores and the museums appeal to me, too.Q: Does Barbara like New York very much?6. --Do you like living on campus?--I think so. But sometimes the dorm is so noisy that I can't get anything done.Q: Does the woman have a completely favorable opinion of living on campus? 7. --Do you think you will major in medicine, Mary?--I think being a doctor means a lot of study and then working all sorts of hours.Q: Does Mary want to major in medicine?8. --How do you like living with your roommates?--Well, sometimes it's hard to share a room with others but you get along with yourroommates by compromising.Q: Does the woman get along with her roommates?Part BListening TasksScriptPlacing an Ad(Ring …Ring … Sound of phone being picked up)John: Hello, Campus Daily, advertising department. This is John speaking.Maggie: Hi. I'm calling to place a couple of ads.J ohn: Sure. Under what classification?Maggie: Well, I'd like one in the "Roommates Wanted" section.J ohn: All right. And how would you like your ad to read?Maggie: It should read "Female roommate wanted for pleasant, sunny two-bedroom apartment on Fifth Avenue, three blocks from campus. Share rent and utilities. AvailableSeptember first. Call between 5 and 9 p.m. and ask for Maggie."John: Fine. And what about your other ad?Maggie: That one I'd like under "Merchandise for Sale", and I'd like it to read "Matching blue sofa and easy chair for sale, excellent condition, $350 or best offer. Call between 5 and9 p.m. and ask for Maggie." Did you get all that?J ohn: Uh, huh. You'll want your phone number on these, right?Maggie: Oh sure. Thanks for reminding me. It's 555-6792.John: And how long do you want these ads to run?Maggie: For a week, I guess. How much would that be?John: Let's see—it's $8 a week per line. Your two ads will both take up three lines, so that's $24 per ad.Maggie: All right.Language and Culture Notes1.Background information University and college students often run their own newspapers to keep the university community informed of what happens on campus. They cover major school events, notices issued by the school authorities, sports and entertainment news, and articles written by students to air different viewpoints. A special column called "classifieds", or "classified ads", is devoted to advertisements for jobs, accommodation news, sale of used things -- books, furniture, cars, etc.—under such headings as "Help Wanted", "Services", "Furniture for Sale", "Roommates Wanted", "Miscellaneous". To place an ad, one can call the advertising department of the paper to arrange it and pay a small fee. For example, a student-run paper at an American university in New York charges the following advertising rates: 8 dollars for the first 20 words, 25 cents for each individual word and 50 cents for a box.2. Campus Daily Name of a school newspaper3. How would you like your ad to read?What words would you like to put in your advertisement?4. Roommates Wanted A type of classified advertisement. You place your ad in this column in order to find others to share your apartment.5. utilities Supplies of water, gas, electricity and sometimes, telephone.6. Available September first. The earliest date for the roommate to move in will be September 1st.7. Matching blue sofa and easy chair The sofa and easy chair are of the same design and color8. ... or best offer Or highest price offered by a potential buyer9.it's $8 a week per line It costs $8 for one line to run /appear a week in the paper.Exercise 1: Listening for general understandingListen to the recording once and choose the right answers to the questions you hear.1. Who are the two speakers in the telephone conversation?a. A newspaperman and a reader.b. An advertising agent and a client.c. A real estate agent and a tenant.d. A shop assistant and a customer.2. What is Maggie doing in the conversation?a. She is applying to work for a newspaper.b. She is trying to sell her apartment through a local newspaper.c. She is running the ads column of a campus newspaper.d. She is having two ads run in a school newspaper.3. What can you infer about Maggie?a. She will graduate soon.b. She feels lonely living in an apartment all by herself.c. She will move out of a two-bedroom apartment.d. She might be unable to afford a two-bedroom apartment alone.Exercise 2: Listening for detailsListen to the recording once again and fill in the blanks with the missing information.Part CAdditional ListeningA Passage Different Kinds of AdvertisingListen to the passage and fill in the blanks with the missing information.ScriptDifferent Kinds of AdvertisingAdvertising is an important part of marketing. V ery few companies are able to sell a product without advertising. It is possible, but very unlikely. There are many different kinds of advertising. The simplest is called promotion. Promotion is using brochures or pamphlets to advertise. Theses can be handed to people on the street or they can be mailed. If they are mailed, it is called direct mail advertising. After direct mail advertising, there are: newspaper advertising, radio advertising, magazine advertising and television advertising. Newspaper advertising is the cheapest kind, while television is the most expensive.Television ads are generally used by large companies selling a product to a large market segment. Television advertising can be very successful because it reaches such a large audience. Small companies may find television advertising too expensive, so they often use newspapers to advertise. However, large companies also like newspapers because of their wide circulation.Part DTest Your ListeningA Compound DictationListen to the passage three times and supply the missing information.Advertising is an important part of the free enterprise 1) system. This is because different businesses are 2) competing for the same market. For this reason, they buy advertising 3) space in newspapers or magazines and advertising time on radio or TV. They each hope that advertisements will increase 4) demand for their products.In order to do well in the market, advertisers need to decide on a target; in other words, who are possible 5) buyers for their product? For example, what is the age and sex of their target group? How much education do they have? What are their political 6) beliefs and values? How much money do they make? Some companies such as McDonald’s target various groups, so they have many different ads—one for 7) teenagers, one for families and several in different languages.8) After advertisers decide on who, they need to determine where. What is a good place for their advertisement? Sellers of toys often advertise during children’s TV programs on Saturday morning. Sellers of expensive clothing advertise in V ogue and other fashion magazines.9) Advertisers also need to think about people’s motivation—their reasons for buying something. What makes people buy one product but not another? There are many possible reasons: health, profit, love, entertainment, etc. A study of advertising can also be a study of psychology. 10) When we think about the products that people buy, we learn about their needs, wants, fears, and values.。
托福TPO1听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析
托福TPO1听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO1听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO1听力Conversation1文本Student: Hi, um…, I really hope you can help me.Librarian: That’s why I’m here. What can I do for you?Student: I’m supposed to do a literature review for my psychology course, but um… having a hard time finding articles.I don’t even know where to start looking.Librarian: You said this is for your psychology course, right? So your focus is on …Student: Dream Interpretation.Librarian: Well, you have a focus, so that’s already a good start. Hmmm… well, there’re a few things… oh wait… have you checked to see if your professor put any material for you to look at on reserve?Student: Aha, that’s one thing I did know to do. I just copied an article, but I still need three more on my topic from three different journals.Librarian: Let’s get you going on looking for those then. We have printed versions of twenty or so psychology journals in the Reference Section. These are the ones published within the last year. Then I think about it… there’s a journal named Sleep and Dream.Student: Oh, yeah, the article I just copied is from that journal, so I’ve got to look at other source s.Librarian: Ok, actually, most of our materials are available electronically now. You can access psychology databases or electronic journals and articles through the library’s computers,and if you want to search by title with the word ‘dream’ for exampl e, just type it in and all the articles with ‘dream’ in the title will come up on the screen.Student: Cool, that’s great! Too bad I cannot do this from home.Librarian: But you can. All of the library's databases and electronic sources can be accessed through any computer connected to the university network.Student: Really, I can’t believe I didn’t know that. It still sounds like it’sgoing to take a while though, you know, going through all of that information, all of those sources.Librarian: Maybe, but you already narrow your search down to articles on Dream Interpretation, so it shouldn’t be too bad. And you probably notice that there’s an abstract or summary at the top of the first page of the article you copied. When you go into the databases and electronic sources, you have the option to display the abstracts on the computer screen, skimming those to decide whether or not you want to read the whole article should cut down some time.Student: Right, abstracts! They’ll definitely make the project more doable. I guess I should try out the electronic search while I’m still here then, you know, just in case.Librarian: Sure, er… that computer’s free over there, and I’ll be here till five this afternoon.Student: Thanks, I feel a lot better about this assignment now.托福TPO1听力Conversation1题目1.Why does the student go to see the librarian?a) To sign up for a seminar on using electronic sources for researchb) To report that a journal is missing from the reference areac) To find out the procedure for checking out journal articlesd) To ask about how to look for resources for a class paper2.What does the librarian say about the availability of journals and articles in the library?a) They are not easy to find if a professor put them on reserve.b) Most of them are accessible in an electronic format.c) Most of them can be checked out for three weeks.d) Printed versions from the past three years are located in the reference section.3.What does the librarian suggest the student should do to save time?。
托福阅读TPO14答案解析
托福阅读答案1.prestige威望，声望，所以B的status正确。
原句说在很多地方马已经成为了什么的象征，后面一个让步说尽管牛羊也很重要，应该是说马更重要才对，所以兴趣的动物，利益的动物和要求的动物都不对。
2.以most mobile and most militarilistic做关键词定位至倒数第三句，说以马匹做运输工具和福利使得Inner Eurasia pastoralism最mobile，答案是B，C虽然提到了welfare，但不是 borrow的，所以不选。
3.profound深远的，所以答案far-reaching正确，选D。
原句说pastoralism的出现和发展对欧亚大陆内部有什么样的影响，后面又加了这个区域之外的欧洲和亚洲，所以应该是影响范围广大，所以答案是D。
C说反，后面都说了indirect；A奇特的B正面的没说。
4.首先找到对比，本段前两句分别说了游牧民族和定居民族的特点，一是依靠动物及其食物，一是驯养动物。
紧接着说了这种对比的结果，也就是作者做这个对比的目的。
游牧民族就像食肉动物一样，在食物链中占据了较高的等级，所以需要更多地盘。
所以对比的目的就是解释为什么游牧民族需要占领更多地方，答案是A。
此题特殊，修辞目的在修辞点所在句子后面，需要多加注意。
5.问题当中关键词难找，但可以从上题pastoralist和agriculturalist的对比，也就是本段的第一二两句中得出答案D，说游牧民族经常四处游走。
A和C原文都没说，B项与原文说反，原文第四句说游牧民族必须四处走以保证同样量的food and clothing，所以B错。
6.首先以Eastern Europe和Mongolia做关键词定位至第四句，原句单纯讲述了一个例子，所以往前看，前句说由于游牧民族的存在，出现了很大一块地域范围内共享相似的生态上的，文化上的甚至语言上的特点。
紧接着就说了语言上的一个例子，所以语言的这个例子是为了证明前文的，答案是D。
新托福TPO口语参考答案——TPO14
1. People enjoy reading many different types of books such as mystery, biography, romance, etc. Of all the different types of books that there are. What type do you most enjoy? Explain why.I enjoy biography most, because reading biography tells me a life story of a great person. I get to know the great person’s ups and downs during his or her life and how he or she managed to get through all the difficulties. For example, the biography of Steve Jobs recounts how he was kicked out of Apple. But he continued his career in Computer Science and founded Pixar which created the world-famous film, Toy. Besides, he was invited back to Apple and saved Apple by introducing Ipod. I specially enjoy this part of his life, his great second-coming. I gain inspiration from his experience and from many other biographies and that’s why I enjoy reading biography most.2. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? One of the best ways to learn is by making mistakes. Use specific examples and details to support your opinion.I totally agree with this statement that making mistakes is one of the best ways to learn. Through mistakes, we can learn what we don’t understand. After understanding the things we don’t know previously, we improve. Like in high school I had difficulty solving math problems. But I always remembered the problems I couldn’t solve. After asking teachers and discussing with classmates, I could work out these problems easily. Then I improved. Also, sometimes making a mistake is like learning a lesson. When I first went to a western restaurant, I directly went in to find empty seats. Fortunately, my American friend pulled me back and told me that I should wait until a waiter comes by and takes me to the seats. I make a mistake but I gained knowledge.3. The man expresses his opinion about the proposal in the newspaper Briefly summarize the proposal. Then state the man's opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.The writer proposes that university should allow students to eat in the classroom so that students can concentrate better and can have in-class parties on the last day of class. The man doesn’t think the proposal is a good idea. For its first reason thatstudents can concentrate better, The man says it indeed helps the person who eats snacks to concentrate but others will be disturbed and interfered by the eating noise. So other students can’t pay attention with all the eating noise around. For its second reason, The man says it’s not appropriate to have parties in the last class, because the last class is very important. Students do reviews for the final exam. If they spend time doing other things, they won’t be well-prepared.4. Using the example from the lecture, explain the comfort zone bias.Comfort Zone Bias is a tendency that we prefer to remain in comfortable, familiar situations rather than enter into new, unfamiliar ones. The reason is that we naturally prefer what we already know and want to avoid risks. The professor takes his friend as an example to explain comfort zone bias. His friend always wanted to be a film reviewer, because his friend loved to write about movies. So when his friend graduated, his friend looked for a job as a film reviewer. But he couldn’t find one. Then he took a position as a news reporter, investigatingstories and writing about events. At first, he wasn’t sure he would be good at this but he adjusted, gained confidence and became a pretty good reporter. After a few years, he was offered a job to be a film reviewer and the new job would actually pay him more. But he didn’t take it. He turned it down because he’d gotten used to being a news reporter. He didn’t want make a change because chances are that the new job might not work out.5. Briefly summarize the problem the speakers are discussing. Then state which solution you would recommend. Explain the reasons for your recommendation.The man is worrying about his housing next semester, because his great roommate is moving off campus. In the conversation, they talk about two possible solutions. The first one is waiting the university to assign a new roommate to him. But the man thinks the new roommate may have a different study habit. Like, the man is used to studying late at night. What if the new roommate likes to go to bed early. Then this will throw off the man’s study schedule. The second solution is to live in a house off campus with other students. But the thing is the house is very far awayfrom the campus. The man has to get up much earlier to get to campus on time. In my opinion, the man had better choose the first solution, to let university assign a new roommate for him. Chances are that the new roommate also likes to study late at night. The man shouldn’t assume that the new roommate will have a completely different habit. Besides, living on campus is a lot more convenient than living off campus.6. Using the examples of the eel and the angler fish, explain two types of adaptations that help animals survive in the deepest parts of the oceanThe professor uses two examples to illustrate two adaptations that help animals survive in the deepest parts of the ocean. The first example is a kind of eel fish. This eel fish has body features that allow it to eat prey larger than itself. It has an enormous mouth and a stomach that can expand. So when it captures a big prey, it gains a lot food, a lot of nutrition. This allows eel fish to sustain very long before it find another prey. The second example is angler fish. Angler fish has the ability to generate light. It has a little structure on its head which produces lightand glows in the dark. The light is close to the fish’s mouth and many other fishes are attracted to this light. So they swim straight toward it and make it easier for angler fish to capture food.。
2022年1月14日托福听力真题及答案分析
2022年1月14日托福听力真题及答案分析我给大家整理了2022年1月14日托福听力真题及答案分析，欢迎参考。
2022年1月14日托福听力真题回顾资料Conversation1：student and housing employee同学去找管理Housing的职员要换一间宿舍，同学现在住的是single-room，由于暑假有课和工作，但是遇到问题是旁边宿舍太吵了，影响了他的作息。
想要换一间离他们远点的单人宿舍，但是employee 说发过邮件告知不能在暑假,但是同学没收到。
最终housing employee 还是给出了一些关心，说是换一个double room或者out of campus，但是同学都提出了质疑和自己的顾虑。
由于没有单间了，最终cheap price同学打算去double room。
Lecture1：the problems and solutions of flotsam science先提出flotsam science理论，professor介绍了一些ships停留在海上，被冲走了，科学家通过tracing the movement of the ships把握了ocean currents的一些规律。
先提到第一个问题，有—种device可以去探测，但是由于距离海面的深浅问题不行，举例了cargo ship in pacific ship。
还提到了organism thrive in upper portion of the ocean，其次个问题是battery，电池很难维持很长时间。
后面讲到一些关于glacier melt时候用到的device disappear 了。
最终有人提出a new way用yellow ducks可以来prevent cold and pressure,并且more durable and inexpensive。
Lecture2：dissonance讲到2个概念Artusi Me……，其次种形式的imperfection体现了dissonance。
托福TPO4听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO4听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO4听力Conversation1文本 Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a librarian. Librarian: Can I help you? Student: Yeah, I need to find a review. It’s for my English class. We have to find reviews of the play we are reading. But they have to be from when the play was first performed, so I need to know when that was and I suppose I should start with newspaper reviews and… Librarian: Contemporary reviews. Student: Sorry? Librarian: You want contemporary reviews. What's the name of the play? Student: It’s Happy Strangers. It was written in 1962 and we are supposed to write about its influence on American theatre and show why it’s been so important. Librarian: Well, that certainly explains why your professor wants you to read some of those old reviews. The critiques really tore the play to pieces when it opened. It’s so controversial. Nobody had ever seen anything like it on the stage. Student: Really? Is that a big deal? Librarian: Oh, sure. Of course the critics’ reaction made some people kind of curious about it. They wanted to see what was causing all the fuss. In fact, we were on vacation in New York. Oh, I had to be, oh, around 16 or so, and my parents took me to see it. That would’ve been about 1965. Student: So that was the year it premiered? Great! But uh, newspapers from back then aren’t online, so, how do I… Librarian: Well, we have copies of old newspapers in the basement, and all the major papers publish reference guides to their articles, reviews, etc. You will find them in the reference stacks in the back. But I start with 1964, I think the play had been running for a little while when I saw it. Student: How do you like it? I mean just two characters on the stage hanging around basically doing nothing. Librarian: Well, I was impressed. The actors were famous, and besides it was my first time in a real theatre. But you are right. It was definitely different from many plays that we read in high school. Of course, in a small town the assignments are pretty traditional. Student: Yeah, I’ve only read it but it doesn’t seem like it would be much fun to watch. The story doesn’t progress in any sort of logical matter, doesn’t have real ending either, just stops. Honestly, you know, I thought it was kind of slow and boring. Librarian: Oh, well I guess you might think that. But when I saw it back then it was anything but boring. Some parts were really funny, but I remember crying too. But I’m not sure just reading it. You know, they’ve done this play at least once on campus. I’m sure there is a tape of the play in our video library. You might want to borrow it. Student: That’s a good idea. I’ll have a better idea of what I really think of it before I read those reviews. Librarian: I’m sure you will be surprised that anyone ever found it radical. But you will see why it is still powerful, dramatically speaking. Student: Well, there must be something about it, or the professor wouldn’t have assigned it. I’m sure I’ll figure it out. 托福TPO4听力Conversation1题目 Question 1 of 5 Why does the man need the woman’s assistance?Click on 2 answers. A. He does not know the publication date of some reviews he needs. B. He does not know the location of the library’s videos collection of plays. C. He does not know how to find out where the play is currently being performed. D. He does not know how to determine which newspaper he should look at. Question 2 of 5 What does the woman imply about critical reaction to the play Happy Strangers?。
【托福听力备考】TPO14 听力文本——Lecture 1
【托福听力备考】TPO14 听力文本——Lecture 1众所周知，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。
相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
TPO 14 Lecture 1 PsychologyNarrator:Listen to part of a lecture in a psychology classProfessor:We’ve said that the term “Cognition” refers to mental states like: knowingand believing, and to mental processes that we use to arrive at those states. Sofor example, reasoning is a cognitive process, so is perception. We useinformation that we perceive through our senses to help us make decisions, toarrive at beliefs and so on. And then there are memory and imagination whichrelate to the knowledge of things that happen in the past or may happen in thefuture. So perceiving, remembering, imagining are all internal mental processesthat lead to knowing or believing.Yet, each of these processes has limitations and can lead us to hold mistakenbeliefs or make false predictions.Take memory for example, maybe you have heard of studies in which people heara list of related words. Um…, let`s say a list of different kinds of fruit.After hearing this list, they are presented with several additional words. Inthis case, we`ll say the additional words were “blanket” and “cherry”. Neitherof these words was on the original list, and while people will claim correctlythat “blanket” was not on the original list, they’ll also claim incorrectly thatthe word “cherry” was on the list. Most people are convinced they heard the word“cherry” on the original list. Why did they make such a simple mistake? Well, wethink because the words on the list were so closely related, the brain storedonly the gist of what it heard. For example, that all the items on the list weretypes of fruit. When we tap our memory, our brains often fill in details andquite often these details are actually false.We also see this “fill-in” phenomenon with perception. Perception is thefaculty that allows us to process information in the present as we take it invia our senses. Again, studies have shown that people will fill in informationthat they thought they perceived even when they didn`t. For example, experimentshave been done where a person hears a sentence, but it is missing the word thatlogically completes it. They’ll claim to hear that word even though it was neversaid. So if I were to say…er…the Sun rises in the…and then fail to complete thesentence, people will often claim to have heard the word “east”.In cognitive psychology, we have a phrase for this kind of inaccurate“filling in of details”--- it’s called: A Blind Spot. The term originally refersto the place in our eyes where the optic nerve connects the back of the eye tothe brain. There are no photoreceptors in the area where the nerve connects tothe eye. So that particular area of the eye is incapable of detecting images.Itproduces “A Blind Spot” in our field of vision. We aren’t aware of it, because the brain fills in what it thinks belongs in the image, so the picture always appears complete to us. But the term “blind spot” has also taken on a more general meaning--- it refers to people being unaware of a bias that may affect their judgment about a subject.And the same “blind-spot phenomenon” that affects memory and perception also affects imagination. Imagination is a faculty that some people use to anticipate future events in their lives. But the ease with which we imagine details can lead to unrealistic expectations and can bias our decisions.So…um…Peter, suppose I ask you to imagine a lunch salad, no problem, right?But I bet you imagine specific ingredients. Did yours have tomatoes, Onion, Lettuce? mine did. Our brains fill in all sorts of details that might not be part of other people’s image of a salad, which could lead to disappointment for us. If the next time we order a salad in a restaurant, we have our imagined salad in mind, that’s not necessarily what we’ll get on our plate. The problem is not that we imagine things, but that we assume what we’ve imagined is accurate. We should be aware that our imagination has this built-in feature, the blind spot, which makes our predictions fall short of reality.。
口语TPO14 答案整理
TASK3The letter proposes that the university should allow students eating in class because students could concentrate better and they can hold inclass parties at the end of the semester.However, the man in the conversation have an opposite idea.The first reason is that eating in class creates noise and distracts other students from listening to the teacher.The second reason is that the last classes are important to review for final exams. If students eat food and have parties on the last day of class, no one will be well prepared for the exams.Comfort Zone Bias is a tendency that we prefer to remain in comfortable, familiar situations rather than enter into new, unfamiliar ones. The professor takes his friend as an example.his friend firstly wanted to seek a job as a film reviewer according his interest. But instead, he only found a job as a newspaper reporter. After several years, the man became a successful reporter.One day, he got an opportunity to be a film reviewer with even higher salary. But he turned down the offer and chose to stay in his comfort zone which was his newspaper reporter position. The reason is that he wanted to keep on doing something familiar rather than take risks.The man has to settle on where he is going to live for the next semester, since his roommate has moved out from the dormitary.One solution is that the university will arrange a new roommate and man can share his current dorm room with him.Another solution is that he can live with his old roommate in a new house off campus.I think the man should live outcampus with his old roommate because although it takes him more time to go to class, it is a good way to have fun with friends and exercise in the morning. If he wait for the arrangement of school，it will be difficult to live with a new roommate with different habit such as the time scheduleThe professor introduces two examples to illustrate how deep-sea animals adapt to the environment where is cold and dark with scarce food.The first adaptation is that an enormous mouth and a large stomach of the eels enable them eat preys larger than themselves. So when it captures a big prey, it gains a lot food, a lot of nutrition.The second adaptation is that the angler fish has a particular structure on the head near its mouth, so it can generate light to attract food. Many other small preys will be attracted, So they swim straight toward it and make it easier to capture food.。
托福听力真题与解析
托福听力真题与解析lecture1.animal grooming2.physical ecology3.静物绘画4.历史上飞机场的建造5.发展心理学小孩心理发展的四个阶段6.艺术史中国青铜器7.earth science8.黄金比例 1.69.物理10.art history11.English literature12.urban planning13.美索不达米亚地区和埃及两种城市化的对比14.青蛙叫15.deer management16.天文学 the death of star17.文艺复兴艺术家赞助商客户conversation1.女生问一个管理员他们的电影社需要的东西，管理员说他不负责这个，但是可以帮她宣传，然后女生就在说自己的电影社2.男生去找自己的anthropology教授3.学生要改善自己的住宿环境4.学生询问作业的选题5.honey bees新托福听力题完整版第一套:Conversation1-论文-选题-English Literature学生提到写罗宾汉Robin Hood。
Conversation2-宿舍-改善住宿环境两个建议：在新造的停车场与宿舍之间种树，改善房屋的保温效果。
Lecture1-物理学-布朗运动(旧题=2016.10.15)布朗运动和random motion。
科学家希望将布朗运动应用到工业上，但是因为particle运动是很难控制的，然后提到了难以控制的原因，而且说这种原因学生们肯定已经知道了，然后说到运用bacteria会更好地控制他们向同一个方向运动，而且可以通过控制氧气的浓度来控制bacteria运动的速度。
Lecture2-艺术史-中国青铜器【此篇对于中国学生来说送分】中国青铜器的鼎盛年代(小黑板：Shang Dynasty Zhou Dynasty)，特点：帝王和贵族使用，用于religious ritual，普通人喝水什么的用陶器，青铜器比同时期希腊的好得多，上面有复杂的雕饰。
托福TPO14听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO14听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO14听力Conversation2文本 Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor. Professor: Hey, Jane, you look like you are in a hurry. Student: Yeah, things are a little crazy. Professor: Oh yeah? What’s going on? Student: Oh, it’s nothing. Well, since it’s your class, I guess it’s OK. It’s, it’s just that I am having trouble with my group project. Professor: Ah, yes, due next week. What’s your group doing again? Student: It’s about, ur, United States Supreme Court Decisions. We are looking at the impact of recent cases on property rights, municipal land use cases, owning disputes. Professor: Right, OK. And it’s not going well? Student: Not really. I’m worried about the other two people in my group. They are just sitting back, not really doing their fair share of the work and waiting for an A. It’s kind of stressing me out, because we are getting close to the deadline and I feel like I’m doing everything for this project. Professor: Ah, the good old free rider problem. Student: Free rider? Professor: Ah, it’s just a term that describes this situation, when people in the group seek to get the benefits of being in a group without contributing to the work. Anyway, what exactly do you mean when you say they just sit back? I mean, they’ve been filing following the weekly progress reports with me. Student: Yes, but I feel like I’m doing 90% of the work. I hate to sound so negative here, but honestly, they are taking credit for things they shouldn’t be taking credit for. Like last week in the library, we decided to split up the research into 3 parts and then each of us was supposed to find sources in the library for our parts. I went off to the stack and found some really good material for my part, but when I got back to our table, they were just goofing off and talking. So I went andgot materials for their sections as well. Professor: Um…you know you shouldn’t do that. Student: I know, but I didn’t want to risk the project going down the drain. Professor: I know Teresa and Kevin. I had both of them in other courses. So, I’m familiar with the work and work habits. Student: I know, me too. And that’s why this has really surprised me. Professor: Do you…does your group like your topic? Student: Well, I think we’d all rather focus on cases that deal with personal liberties, questions about freedom of speech, things like that. But I chose property rights. Professor: You chose the topic? Student: Yeah, I thought it would be good for us, all of us to try something new. Professor: Um…maybe that’s part of the problem. Maybe Teresa and Kevin aren’t that excited about the topic? And since you picked it, have you thought…talk to them at all about picking a different topic? Student: But we’ve got all the sources and it’s due next week. We don’t have time to start from scratch. Professor: OK, I will let you go ‘cause I know you are so busy. But you might consider talking to your group about your topic choice. Student: I will think about it. Got to run, see you in class. 托福TPO14听力Conversation2题目 Question 1 of 5 What is the conversation mainly about? A. Methods for finding appropriate sources for a project. B. Reasons the woman is having difficulties with a project. C. Criteria the professor uses to evaluate group projects.。
新托福tpo14综合写作及阅读听力材料
新托福tpo14综合写作及阅读听⼒材料新托福tpo14综合写作范⽂及阅读听⼒材料 新托福tpo14综合写作材料就森林回收性砍伐的利弊进⾏了讨论。
下⾯是⼩编整理的新托福tpo14综合写作材料和范⽂，欢迎阅读! 新托福tpo14综合写作范⽂： The lecturer and the reading passage hold completely different views toward the practice of salvage logging, which is the removal of dead trees from a forest after a fire or a storm. First, the lecturer states that removing dead trees is not good for the health of a forest because it deprives it of the nutrients necessary for future tree growth, which dead trees release into the soil as they decompose. In contrast, the reading passage states that removing old trees provides more space in which new generations of fresh trees can grow more healthily. Second, the lecturer argues that some insects and birds that inhabit dead trees are beneficial for tree growth, and a few that are thought to be harmful have shown no evidence of causing significant damage to the forest. So by eliminating both harmful and beneficial birds and insects, salvage logging may cause unwanted damage to the forest in the long run. The reading, however, mentions only harmful insects and the spruce bark beetle in particular. It points out that because clearing the forest of dead trees also destroys the habitat of these harmful insects, it ensures the healthy recovery of a forest after a fire. Finally with regard to economic impact, the lecturer argues against salvage logging because the dead trees can only be salvaged at a very high cost, and the employment associated with salvage logging is often temporary and taken by non-native residents. On the other hand, the reading argues that this practice provides many industries with the wood necessary to sustain their production and offer employment opportunities to local people. 新托福tpo14综合写作阅读材料： Every year, forest fires and severe storms cause a great deal of damage to forests in the northwestern United States. One way of dealing with the aftermath of these disasters is called salvage logging, which is the practice of removing dead trees from affected areas and using the wood for lumber, plywood, and other wood products. There are several reasons why salvage logging is beneficial both to a damaged forest and to the economy. 每年，在美国西北部，森林⽕灾和⼀些严重的暴风⾬会给森林造成严重的损害。
视听说教程14单元optionallistening部分听力原文及答案
Unit 1Optional Listening 1A. Emily is at the airport. Listen and check the correct box.Josh: Hello?Emily: Hi, Josh? It’s Emily.Josh: Hi, Em. Are you at the airport with Uncle Tim?E: Yes, I’m here, but Idon’t see Uncle Tim,tell me again--- whatdoes he look like?J: He’s tall, and he’s in his 30s. He has long brown hair.E: Ok…J: Oh, and he wears glasses E: No, I don’t see him…Optional Listening 2A. Listen to the description of a family photo. Then drag the names from the box and drop them on the right personEmilio is in his fifties. He is tall--- about 182 cm. He is average weight. He has brown eyes. He has short, curly, gray hair.Kathy is in her forties. She is short. she is slim. she has blue eyes. She has long, straight, blond hair.Michael is young. He is tall. He is average weight. He has dark, brown eyes. He has short, curly, blond hair.Alexis and Ashley are twins. They are young. They are average height. They are slim. Alexis has blue eyes, but Ashley has green eyes. They both have long, curly, red hair.B. Now listen to these people introducing themselves, Then answer the questions asked.1. I’m Carrie Brown from New York. I’m an art strdent ans I like listening to music ans playing basketball.2. Hello, everyone. My name is Ann Andrews. I come from Wellington, New Zealand. I’m a teacher and I like shopping and hanging out with friends.3. Hi, I’m Julia Sanchez. I’m a reporter from Lima, Peru. I like srufing and blogging.4. My name is Charles Horton. I live in Boston. USA. I’m a chef. In my spare time, I like painting and traveling.5. I’m George Simmel from Berlin, Germany. I’m a fashion designer. I like watching films and jogging very much.6. My name is Kevin Smith. I come from Sydney, Australia. I like cooking and reading detective stories. I’m a finance manager.Optional Listening 3A. Look at the picture and listen to the e-mail message. Then tell which one in the picture is Mr. Ryder.Dear Mr. Peters,Please meet Mr. James Ryder at the airport station at 11:00 tomorrow. His flight is UA 238 from Los Angeles. HE is a tall man in his sixties with gray hair, and he wears big glasses. His meeting with the Marketing Department is at 4:00.Thank you.Kyra GreeneMarketing DepartmentB. Listen to another e-mail message. Then tell which one in the picture is Tom.Gina---HELP! Can you meet my friend Tom at the airport tomorrow? My car has big problems and I can’t drive it. Tom is coming on flight KX 661 from Denver at 11:00. He’s average height and kind of thin, with long blond hair and a mustache. Thanks a million!ChrisOptional Listening 4: Celebrity doublesA. Now listen to the passage. Do you think Andrew Barn is happy being a celebrity double?A group of teenagers is standing outside a hair salon in Manchester, England. Many of them have cameras and are looking I the salon window. Then want to see soccer player David Beckham/ A man in the salon looks like Bechham ( he has blond hair and Beckham’s good looks). But the man in the salon isn’t the famous soccer player. He’s Andrew Barn--- Atwenty-two-year-old hairdresser.Barn isn’t surprised by the teenagers. People often stop him on the street and want to take his picture. Barn is a hairdresser, but he also makes money as a Beckham double. Barn travels all over Rurope as David Beckham. Newspapers often take his photo. It’s an exciting life for the hairdresser from Manchester.Today, many companies work with celebrity doubles. The most popular celebrity foubles. The most popular celebrity doubles look like famous athletes,pop singers, and actors. The companies pay doubles to go to parties and business meetings. Doubles are also on TV and in newspaper ads.Why do people want to look like a celebrity? An Anna Kournikova double in the U.S. says, “ I can make good money. I also make a lot of people happy./eng/nsclass2_1.html/eng/nsclass2_2.htmlBook1-Uint 2Optional Listening 1: Conversation 1Man: next, please!Woman: Hi, here’s my ticket.M: And where are you going today, Ms. Gregory?W: Berlin.M: May I see your passport, please?W: Sure, here you are.M: And how many suitcases do you have ?W: Just one.Conversation 2M: Too bad it’s our last day in New York. There’s a lot to see.W: I know. But at least we’re here at the Statue of Liberty. Isn’t it beautiful?M: Yeah, it is. Hey, we need a photo. Excuse me?M2: Yes?M: Can you take our picture, please?M2: Sure.Conversation 3W: Welcome to the Ritz Carlton, Shanghai.M: Thank you. My name is Ian Walters. I have a room for myself and my wife.W: Okey. Can I see a credit card and ID, Please?M: Of course. Here’s my card and my passport.W: Thank you. Here are your keys, Mr. Walters. Enjoy your stay.Optional Listening 2: Travel tips for ThailandThailand is a nice country in Southeast Asia, with something for every visitor. There is a lot for you to discover there.But before you go, you should make a plan to help you be better prepared. Here are some tips.Firstly, the weather in Thailand is hot and humid all year, so you should pack sunglasses, T-shirts, and sandals with you. Secondly, you should buy your plane ticket early. Thailand is a very popular place for a vacation, and the planes are very full. Thirdly, the traffic in this country is very bad and people drive really fast, so you should rent a car. Another tip is that you should drink a lot of water and juice to stay cool. Finally, and this is a very important tip, you shouldn’t take photos outside in the afternoon. It’s too sunny and bright! Remember these tips and you’ll have a great time there.Have fun in Thailand!Optional Listening 3:A. Watch the Weather!Most people plan their vacations very carefully. They think a lot about plane tickets, passports, and hotel reservations. But they often forget about one important thing--- the weather. You should learn about the tight time to visit your vacation spot. Here is some information to help you pan your next vacation.Italy. The weather is sunny all year, but it’s sometimes cold in winter. April and May are warm and beautiful. From June to September, it’s very hot.Australia. Summer here is from December to April. It sometimes rains, but the weather is usually very good. In winter, it snows a little in some places, but most of Australia isn’t very cold.B. Hong Kong, China. The Weather is hot and very humid here a lot of the year. In July and August, it’s sometimes very windy, and there are bad storms. October and November are warm and not so humid, but in December and January, it gets very chilly sometimes.Germany. From November to April, the weather is cold, cloudy, and snowy. In spring it’s warn, but there’s a lot of rain. July and August are usually warm and sunny.India. You shouldn’t travel to India from June to September. There is a lot of rain everywhere. From November to April, after the rainy season, the weather is nice and cool. In April and May, it often gets very hot.Optional Listening 4In Tokyo, it’s an envelope with $850,000 in cash. At Florida’s Disney World, it’s a glass eye. At a hotel in England, it’s a goat and a false leg. How are all of these things similar? They are unusual things that people leave in hotel rooms, in airports, and on city streets. Irish Martino works in the lost and Found Center at an airport in a U.S. city. “Sure, we find the usual stuff—cell phones, keys, sunglasses and wallets,” she says. “But people also forget some weird things at the airport, too.” “What does Ms. Martino find? A woman’s false teeth in the bathroom. A mannequin in an airport waiting area. “ How do you forget those things?” Martino wonders. Nobuo Hasuda works for the Lost and Found Center in downtown Tokyo. The Center has almost 800,000 items Three hundred thousand od them are umbrellas! There are also many other things--- jewelry and briefcases, snowshoes and musical instrument. Mr. Hasuda keeps the lost items for six months and two weeks. After this time, the finder can take the item. This is good luck for some people. Remember the envelope in Tokyo with $ 850,000? The owner did not claim it. Now the money belongs to the finder!Key: OL1: A. 1. checking in at the airport; 2. looking at; 3. checking into a hotel. B. Berlin; 2. New York; 3. ShanghaiOL2: A. 5 tips; B. 1. sunglasses; 2. plane; 3. really fast; 4. shouldn’t.OL3: Italy: April and May; Because April and May are warm and beautiful. Australia: From December to April; Because weather is usually very good. B. Hong Kong, China: October and November; Because it’s warm and not humid. Germany: July and August; Because it’s usually warm and sunny. India: From November to April; Because the weather is nice and cool.OL4: A.They are all in a Lost and Found Center. B. 1. 850,000; 2. goat, false leg; 3. cell phones, keys, sunglasses, wallets. 4. 300,00/three hundred thousand; 5. finder.OL5: 1. packing; 2. souvenirs; 3. bringing; 4. explains; 5. niece; 6. belongs; 7. bear; 8. gift; 9. travel; 10. partner.Book 1-Unit 3Optional Listening 1Dad: Ashley?Ashley: Yeah, Dad! I’m in my room. I’m packing.Dad: Hi, honey. I can’t believe you’re going to college!Ashley: I know.Dad: So, what do you want to study?Ashley: Art.Dad: Art?Ashley: I am serious, Dad.Dad: I think you should study business so you can get a good job.Ashley: Business?Dad: Yes, you’re a smart, organized young woman. It’s perfect for you.Ashley: But, Dad…there’s a lot I can do with an art degree. The business world is very competitive…Dad: I don’t know, Ashley…Ashley: Come on Dad. Let’s look at the university website. There’s more information there.Optional Listening 2A: I interviewed Sara Foxx. She likes sales, but wants to work part time.B: Hmm…I spoke with Jason Gray, and he wants to work at home but likes responsibility.A: Does he want to work full time?B: Yes, he does. How about Sara?A: Well, she wants to work part time, but she plans to stay at the sales position for at least two years. And she loves people.B: What does she plan to do in two years’ time?A: She expects to go to grad school in the future, but she likes the job.B: Jason likes the job too. He wants to make a good salary and he loves to travel.A: Well, Sara hates to fly. It seems Jason would be the person we need.B: Unfortunately, he doesn’t have any sales experience.Optional Listening 3A. I’m Don Pierce. A good actor works very, very hard. People think that actors spend their time at a lot of parties and nightclubs, but that isn’t true. Actors spend hours-many hours-studying their lines for each movie. And you really have to understand people so that you can understand your characters in the movie.I’m Janice. I think the most important thing for a good doctor is being a good listener. You have to understand people and their problems. A good doctor likes to solve problems and always wants to help his or her patients. And you can’t be impulsive---you should always be careful. Sometimes the first answer you think of isn’t the right answer. Doctors need a lot of energy, because they are usually hardworking.Hi, I’m Daniel. To be a success in business, you have to work well with groups of people. At the same time, you need to have strong opinions and be able to explain your opinions clearly. Good business-people always like to make new things and try new ideas. They are very organized, and they work very long hours.Optional Listening 4The Dreamer:A dreamer thinks there is a “right” way to do things. This person wants to live in the “perfect world”. A Dreamer is often hardworking and organized. Many are good listeners and like to help others. Many Dreamers work as teachers, lawyers, and in leadership roles.The Partner: A Partner wants to be in a group. For this person, rules and group harmony are important. These rules keep peace in the group. Partners are often serious, careful people. Many do well as teachers, managers, police officers, and politicians.The Thinker: For Thinkers, understanding things is very important. They like to solve problems and make new things. Thinkers can also be competitive. They like to win. They are independent and often have very strong opinions. Many Thinkers work as scientists, inventors, politicians, and engineers.The Artist: Artists want to be free. They don’t want to follow the rules all the time. Artists like action and are often impulsive. They also like trying new things. Like Thinkers, many Artists have strong opinions. Many Artists are creative and do well as musicians, actors, fashion designers, and athletes.Key OL1: A. Ashley’s major at school. B. 1. arts; 2. business; 3. a lot; 4. too competitiveOL2: A. C; B. Sara: 1,5, 6OL3: B. 1. doctor (d); 2. actor (a), d, businessperson (b); 4. b; 5. a. d; 6. d; 7. b; 8. d; 9. b; 10.b. C. 1. hardworking; 2. competitive; 3. independent; 4. careful; 5. serious.OL4: 1. P; 2. D; 3. A; 4. T; 5. D, P; 6. P, T; 7. A; 8. T.OL5: 1. sports; 2. times; 3. swimming; 4. competitive; 5. invites; 6. serious; 7. fun; 8. agree; 9. athletic.Book 1- Unit 4Optional Listening 1A. Interviewer: And welcome back to the KPLX radio in Los Angeles. We’re talking this morning with Europe’s hottest singer, Yeliz. Thanks for joining us.Yeliz: Sure! Hello Los Angeles!Interviewer: So, tell us a little about yourself, Yeliz. Where are you from exactly?Yeliz: I was born in Istanbul, but I live in Scotland now. My dad’s Scottish. My mom’s Turkish.Interviewer: You’re only seventeen. What’s it like being successful at your age?Yeliz: It’s pretty exciting. I get to travel, and meet some interesting people.(B. )Interviewer: You’re touring now, but what are your plans for the future?Yeliz: After the tour, I want to take a break. Then, later this year, I plan to make a new CD.Interviewer: Do you have any advice for other young artists?Yeliz: Well, I’d say follow your dreams. Work hard, and you can be successful.Optional Listening 2If you want to become a successful businessman, you should do three things. First, you should think about your goals every day. Make plans for today, tomorrow, and next year. Second, you should join a business club. You can learn a lot from the other members, and they can give you good advice. Third, you shouldn’t work every night and every weekend. Sometimes you should take a break. You get more energy and ideas when you relax. And you need a lot of energy and ideas to make money!Optional Listening 3---Find your dreamWe all have dreams, but some people actually take their dreams come true. Their secret? They quit dreaming. And they start doing. Even a very big dream starts with small steps, and small goals. Maybe your dream is to become a doctor. Start by thinking about small goals for yourself. Ask, “What can I do today?” You can’t start medical school today, but you can send e-mails and make phone calls to get information about medical schools. Make a list of schools to call, and then call a few of them every day. What do you need for your dream? Tell friends and family members—many of them can help you. For example, you want to become an artist. You need a lot of cheap paper for drawing. Maybe your friend’s brother throws away a lot of big paper at his office. So, share your dream with the world! Another good idea is talking to people who are doing your dream job. Do you dream about having your own restaurant? Go to your favorite restaurant and ask the owner lots of questions. Most people like to talk about their work.Optional Listening 4 ---A lifetime dreamEveryone has his or her own dream jobs. Let’s listen to Yi Wang, a 29-year-old young teacher, and Hicham Nassir, who are going to talk about their dream jobs.“At the moment, I’m teaching chemistry at a university in Beijing. It’s a good job, but my dream is to make films. In China, young artists move to Beijing from all over the country. Many of them are painters, writers, and actors. I’d like to make a film about their lives and their work.” Wang is writing the film now with help from her friends. But it isn’t easy. “At the moment, the biggest problem is money,” explains Wang. “We don’t have much.” But this isn’t going to stop Wangand her partners. She says, “First, we are going to make this movie. Then, we’d like to show it in China and, maybe someday, at film festivals around the world. ”16-year-old Hicham Nassir is a soccer player. He’s getting ready for a soccer match with his teammates. Hicham, the team’s star player, is a native of Morocco. He now lives in London with his family. “My parents want me to go to college, and major in business or law,” he explains. “They want me to become a lawyer or a successful businessman. I understand them, but I want to change their minds,” says Hicham, “I want to play soccer professionally. It’s my dream”Key: OL1: A. 1. singer; 2. Turkish (Scottish is also an acceptable answer.); 3. 17; 4. travels a lot.OL2: 1. think about your goals every day; 2. join a business club; 3. work every night and every weekend.OL3: B. 1. doing; 2. information; 3. help; 4. Talking.OL4: B. 1. Chemistry; 2. films; 3. money; 4. China, around the world; 5. play soccer; 6. business, law; 7. change their minds.OL5: 1. style; 2. haircut; 3. quit; 4. travel; 5. famous; 6. movie; 7. write; 8. million; 9. book; 10. starts.。
托福听力TPO14原文Lecture1
托福听力TPO14原文Lecture1托福听力TPO14原文Lecture1下面就让小编来为大家介绍一下托福听力TPO14原文中Lecture1的文本内容吧，大家要好好把握，这些都是非常有价值的材料，同时，大家也可以登录前程百利论坛进行TPO练习辅导，希望能够给准备托福听力的同学带来帮助。
TPO14Lecture1PsychologyProfessor：We’ve said that the term“Cognition”refers to mental states like:knowing and believing,and to mental processes that we use to arrive at those states.So for example, reasoning is a cognitive process,so it’s perception.We use information that we perceive through our senses to help us make decisions to arrive at beliefs and so on.And then there are memory and imagination which relate to the knowledge of things that happen in the past and may happen in the future.So perceiving,remembering,imagining are all internal mental processes that lead to knowing or believing.Yet,each of these processes has limitations, and can lead us to hold mistaken believes or make false predictions.T ake memory for example, maybe you have heard of studies in which people hear a list of related words.Ah…,let`s say a list of different kinds of fruit.After hearing this list,they are presented with several additional words.In this case,we`ll say the additional words were“blanket”and“cheery”.Neither of these words was on the original list,and,well,people will claim correctly that“blanket”was not on the original list,they’ll also claim incorrectly that the word“cheery”was on the list.Most people are convinced they heard the word “cheery”on the original list.Why do they make such a simple mistake?Well,we thinkbecause the words on the list were so closely related,the brain stored only the gist of what they heard.For example,that all the items on the list were types of the fruit.When we tap our memory,our brains often fill in details and quite of ten these details are actually false. We also see this“fill-in”phenomenon with perception.Perception is the faculty that allows us to process information in the present as we take it via our senses.Again,studies have shown that people will fill in information that they thought they perceived even when they didn`t.For example,experiments have been done where a person hears a sentence,but itis missing the word,that logically completes it.They’ll claim to hear that word even though it was never said.So if I were to say…er…the sunrise is in the…and then fill to complete the sentence,people will often claim to have heard the word“east”.In cognitive psychology,we have a phrase for this kind of inaccurate“filling in of details”---it’s called:A Blind Spot.The term originally refers to the place in our eyes where the optic nerve connects the back of the eye to the brain.There are no photo receptors in the area where the nerve connects to the eye.So that particular area of the eye is incapable of detecting images.It p roduces“A Blind Spot”in our field vision.We are unaware of it, because the brain fills in what it thinks belongs in its image,so the picture always appears complete to us.But the term“blind spot”has also taken on a more general meaning---it refers to people being unaware of a bias that may affect their judgment about the subject. And the same“blind-spot phenomenon”that affects memory and perception also affects imagination.Imagination is a faculty that some people use to anticipate future events in their lives.But the ease with which weimagine details can lead to unrealistic expectations and can bias our decisions.So…er…Peter,suppose I ask you to image a lunch salad,no problem,right?But I bet you imagine specific ingredients.Did yours have tomatoes,Onion,Lettuce?mine did?Our brains fill in all sorts of details that might not be part of other people’s image of a salad,which could lead to disappointment for us.If the next time we order a salad in a restaurant,we have our imagined salad in mind,that’s not necessarily what we’ll get on our plate.The problem is not that we imagine things,but that we assume what we’ve imagined is accurate.We should be aware that our imagination has this built-in feature, the blind spot,which makes our predictions fall short of reality.《心理学》教授：我们已经说过，“认知力”指的是这样的精神状态：熟悉某事并相信它确实存在，精神层面上我们曾经达到这样的状态。
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为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO14听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO14听力Conversation1文本
Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a library employee.
Student: Hi, I am looking for this book, The American Judicial System, and I can’t seem to find it anywhere. I need to read a chapter for my Political Science class.
Library Employee: Let me check in the computer. Um, doesn’t seem to be checked out, and it’s not on reserve. You’ve checked the shelves, I assume?
Student: Yeah, I even checked other shelves and tables next to where the book should be.
Library Employee: Well, it’s still here in the library, so people must be using it. You know, this seems to be a very popular book title. We show six copies, none are checked out, and yet you didn’t even find one copy on the shelves. Is it a big class?
Student: Maybe about seventy-five?
Library Employee: Well, you should ask your professor to put some of the copies on reserve. You know about the reserve system, right?
Student: I know you have to read reserved books in the library and that you have time limits, but I didn’t know that I could ask a professor to put a book on reserve.
I mean, I thought the professors make that kind of decision at the beginning of the semester.
Library Employee: No, they can put books on reserve at any time during the semester.
Student: You know, reserving books seems a bit unfair. What if someone who’s not in the class wants to use the book?
Library Employee: That’s why I said some copies!
Student: Ah! Well, I’ll certainly talk to my professor about it tomorrow. But what am I going to do tonight?
Library Employee: I guess you could walk around the Poli/Sci section and look at the books waiting to be re-shelved.
Student: There do seem to be more than normal.
Library Employee: We’re a little short-staffed right now. Someone quit recently, so things aren’t getting re-shelved as quickly as usual. I don’t think they’ve hired a replacement yet, so, yeah, the un-shelved books can get a bit out of hand.
Student: This may sound a bit weird, but, I’ve been thinking about getting a job. Um, I’ve never worked in a library before, but…
Library Employee: That’s not a requirement. The job might still be open. At the beginning of the semester, we were swamped with applications, but, I guess everyone who wants a job has one by now.
Student: What can you tell me about the job?
Library Employee: Well, we work between six and ten hours a week, so it’s a reasonable amount. Usually we can pick the hours we want to work, but since you’ll be starting so late in the semester, I’m not sure how that would work for you. And, uh, we get paid the normal university rates for student employees.
Student: So, who do I talk to?
Library Employee: I guess you’d talk to Dr. Jenkins, the head librarian. She does the hiring.
托福TPO14听力Conversation1题目
1.Why does the student go to see the man?
A. To find out the status of her job application.
B. To get help locating a book she needs for a class.
C. To request a book that her professor put on the reserve list.
D. To ask how to look up books on the library's computer system.
2.Why is the student having a problem getting the book she wants?
A. Other students are using the book in the library.
B. The book is kept in the political science library.。