with用法

介詞with用法詳解

是一個十分有用的介詞，其用法也比較複雜，以下用法值得注意：

1. 表示方式、手段或工具等時（=以，用），注意不要受漢語意思的影響而用錯搭配，如「用英語」習慣上用in English，而不是with English。

2. 與某些抽像名詞連用時，其作用相當於一個副詞。如：

with care=carefully 認真地

with kindness=kindly 親切地

with joy=joyfully 高興地

with anger=angrily 生氣地

with sorrow=sorrowfully 悲傷地

with ease=easily 容易地

with delight=delightedly 高興地

with great fluency =very fluently 很流利地

3. 表示條件時，根據情況可與虛擬語氣連用。如：

With more money I would be able to buy it. 要是錢多一點，我就買得起了。

With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是設備好些，我們完成這項工作還要快些。

4. 比較with和as：兩者均可表示「隨著」，但前者是介詞，後接名詞或代詞；後者是連詞，用於引導一個句子。比較：

He will improve as he grows older. 隨著年齡的增長，他會進步的。

People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 時代變了，人們的觀念也會變化。

5. 復合結構「with+賓語+賓語補足語」是一個很有用的結構，它在句中主要用作狀語，表示伴隨、原因、時間、條件、方式等；其中的賓語補足語可以是名詞、形容詞、副詞、現在分詞、過去分詞、不定式、介詞短語等。如：

(1) with+賓語+形容詞

He often sleeps with the windows open. 他常開著窗睡覺。

Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要滿嘴巴食物說話。

(2) with+賓語+ 副詞

He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低著頭站在老師面前。

He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。

(3) with +賓語+ 介詞短語

She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含著眼淚說了聲再見。

The man was asleep with his head on his arms. 這個人頭枕著胳膊睡著了。

(4) with+賓語+現在分詞

He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他沒熄燈就睡著了。

I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因為媽媽有病, 我無

法去度假。

(5) with +賓語+ 過去分詞

He sat there with his eyes closed. 他閉目坐在那兒。

All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整個下午他都鎖著門在房裡

工作。

(6) with +賓語+ 動詞不定式

I can’t go out with al l these clothes to wash. 要洗這些衣服, 我無法出去了。

With such good cadres to carry out the Party’s policy we feel safe. 有這樣的好幹部執行黨的政策, 我們感到放心。

(7) with +賓語+ 名詞

He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl. 他去世時，女兒還是個小學生。

Without介詞用法1.缺乏;沒有;無：Without good health happiness is impossible. 沒有良好的健康，不可能有幸福。/He always goes out without a hat on no matter how cold it is.無論天氣多麼冷，他出門總是不戴帽子。/Mother cannot live without her child and her child cannot live without her.媽媽沒有她的孩子就不能活，她的孩子沒有她也不能活。/ He always does up to his parents』biddings without any hesitation.他父母囑咐他的話他總是毫不猶豫地做到。

2.(舊用法)在……的外面：Negotiations are carried out within and without the House.磋商在議院內外進行。/ The king showed so much courtesy to his honoured guests that he met them without the gate of his palace.國王對他的貴賓如此禮遇，他在宮殿大門外迎接他們。

◆本詞也是副詞(舊用法)，詞義為：在外面We all detest things fair without and foul within.我們都憎惡外觀美麗內中醜惡的事物。/Children all play indoors because it is cold without.孩子們都在屋裡玩，因為戶外很冷。

A prophet is not without honour，save in his own country. 〈諺語〉先知者在故鄉無人尊重;外來的和尚會唸經。A saying goes： a prophet is not without honour，save in his own country，so our factories and enterprises all employ foreign experts with high rewards，though they are not the least better than our own.諺語云：外來的和尚會唸經，所以我們的工廠企業都以重金聘請外國專家，雖然他們一點也不比我們自己的專家高明。be the better without 如果沒有(某事物)就更好：Our circumstances will be the better without those chemical works which contaminate the air. 如果沒有那些污染大氣的化工廠，我們的環境會更好些。