高考重点词之抽象名词具体化

高中英语：27个抽象名词和可数名词之间的转换
在特殊情况下，有些抽象名词可以进行具体化。

这时，不可数的抽象名词可以用来表示可数的人或事物，即名词的数和词义发生了变化。

以下为高中课本中出现的一些抽象名词。

1.achievement
2.attraction
3. beauty
4. comfort
5. danger
6. death
7. delight
8. difficulty
9. experience
10. failure
11. help
12. honour
13. joy
14. kindness
15. pity
16. pleasure
17. satisfaction
18. shame
19. success
20. surprise
21. trouble
22. wonder
23. worry
24. sight
25. knowledge
26. room
27. fortune
1. achievement [U］达到，完成，成就;[ C］一种成就，成绩，功绩之事之人.
2. attraction [ U］吸引,吸引力; [C]有吸引力的人或事物.
3. beauty [ U］美,美丽; [C]美丽的人或事物
4. comfort [ U］安慰,慰藉,宽恕; [C]令人感到安慰的人或事物
5. danger [ U］危险,风险; [C]危险的人,危险因素
6. death [ U］死,死亡; [C]死亡的人
7. delight [ U］高兴,愉快,快乐; [C]令人高兴的事,乐事,乐趣
8. difficulty [U］困难,艰难,难度,困难性; [C]难做,难懂,难应付的事,难事,难点,难题
9. experience [U］经验; [C]经历,体验
10. failure [ U］失败; [C]失败的人或事物
11. help [ U］帮助; [C]有帮助的人或事物
12. honour [ U］荣幸,荣誉; [C]给某人/某事增光的人或事物
13. joy [ U］高兴,愉快,喜悦; [C]令人高兴的人或事,乐事,乐趣
14. kindness [ U］亲切,和蔼,仁慈,好意; [C]友好或仁慈,体贴的举动,好心的行为
15. pity [ U］怜悯,同情; [C]可惜的事,遗憾的事
16. pleasure [ U］高兴,快乐,愉快; [C]乐事,趣事
17. satisfaction [ U］满足,满意; [C]令人满足或带来乐趣的事情
18. shame [ U］羞耻,羞愧,惭愧; [C]遗憾的事,可耻的人或事物
19. success [ U］成功,成名; [C]成功的人或事物
20. surprise [ U］惊奇；[C]令人惊奇的事或消息,意想不到或突然的事
21. trouble [ U］困难,苦恼,痛苦; [C]麻烦事,困难事,负担
22. wonder [ U］惊奇,惊讶,惊异,惊叹,惊愕; [C]令人感到惊奇的事情,奇迹,奇观
23. worry [ U］担心,担忧,忧愁; [C]烦恼事,令人担忧的人
24. sight [U]视力，视觉[C]情景，景象
25. knowledge [U]知识[C]（一门）学问
26. room [U]空间[C]房间
27. fortune [U]运气；机会[C]财产，财富
详解：
1.achievement [U］达到，完成，成就;[ C］成就，成绩，功绩.
Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement.
Women of achievement
David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character，and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation. ……《社会动物：爱、性格和成就的潜在根源》…….
Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense
of 62 (achieve). (2016 全国卷II)
Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.（2015高考英语重庆 E篇）……一种成就…….
2. attraction [ U］吸引,吸引力; [C]有吸引力的人或事物.
The idea of traveling to the moon has little attraction for me.
The city's bright lights, theatres, and movies are great attractions.
One of the main attractions of the job is the high salary.
3. beauty [ U］美,美丽; [C]美丽的人或事物
She was a famous beauty in her youth.
That new car is an absolute beauty.
4. comfort [ U］安慰,慰藉,宽恕; [C]令人感到安慰的人或事物
The news brought comfort to all of us.
His husband was a great comfort to her when she was ill.
5. danger [ U］危险,风险; [C]危险的人,危险因素
Children's lives are in danger every time they cross this road.
out of danger
Police said the man was a danger to the public.
6. death [ U］死,死亡; [C]死亡的人
Air pollution alone causes about three million deaths every year.
仅空气污染就造成了每年近三百万人死亡.
If the hurricane had happened during the daytime, there would have been many more deaths. 若飓风发生在白天,那么死亡的人会多的多.
7. delight [ U］高兴,愉快,快乐; [C]令人高兴的事,乐事,乐趣
To our great delight, the day turned out fine.
The guitar is a delight to play.
Her singing is a delight.
8. difficulty [U］困难,艰难,难度,困难性; [C]难做,难懂,难应付的事,难事,难点,难题
She got the door open with difficulty. 她艰难地把门打开了.
I had the great difficulty in persuading her.
我为了说服她,费了好大的劲儿.
He wants to marry her, but his parents are making difficulties.
他想娶她,但他父母从中阻挠.
She met with many difficulties when traveling.
9. experience [U］经验; [C]经历,体验
Do you have any previous experience of this kind of work?
你以前做过这种工作吗?
Valuable experience 宝贵的经验
He hand many interesting experiences while traveling in Africa.
10. failure [ U］失败; [C]失败的人或事物
The success or failure of the plan depends on you.
Failure in one examination should not stop you trying again
The whole thing was a complete failure.
She was a failure as a teacher.
11. help [ U］帮助; [C]有帮助的人或事物
A tape-recorder or a mp3 is a great help for you to learn English.
I am a good help to my mother at home.
12. honour [ U］荣幸,荣誉; [C]给某人/某事增光的人或事物
We fought for the honour of our country.
It is a great honour for me to be present at the conference.
13. joy [ U］高兴,愉快,喜悦; [C]令人高兴的人或事,乐事,乐趣
jump with joy 高兴得跳起来
The game was a joy to watch. 看这场比赛真是开心.
He is a great joy to listen to. 他这个人,听他讲话就是极大的乐趣.
14. kindness [ U］亲切,和蔼,仁慈,好意; [C]友好或仁慈,体贴的举动,好心的行为
She always shows kindness to children and animals.
He did it entirely out of kindness, not for money.
It would be a great kindness to see him while he is so ill.
15. pity [ U］怜悯,同情; [C]可惜的事,遗憾的事
feel pity for 对...同情
out of pity出于同情
It's a pity the weather is not good for our outing today.
It's a pity that you can't go to the theatre with us tonight.
16. pleasure [ U］高兴,快乐,愉快; [C]乐事,趣事
take (a) pleasure in 以...为乐
with pleasure 愉快地,高兴地
It is my pleasure. 我乐意做的事情.
It is a pleasure to work with you.
It has been a pleasure meeting you.
She has few pleasures left in life
17. satisfaction [ U］满足,满意; [C]令人满足或带来乐趣的事情
with satisfaction满意地
Playing the piano was one of his greatest satisfactions. 弹钢琴是他的最大乐趣之一.
It is a great satisfaction to know that he has arrived home safely.
18. shame [ U］羞耻,羞愧,惭愧; [C]遗憾的事,可耻的人或事物
He felt no shame for what he had done.
It is a shame to deceive the old man.欺骗
What a shame that it rained so much during the vocation.
19. success [ U］成功,成名; [C]成功的人或事物
He's proud of his daughter's successes.
Of his experiments, three were successes and one was a failure. 在他的实验中,有三个成功,一个失败.
20. surprise [ U］惊奇；[C]令人惊奇的事或消息,意想不到或突然的事
in surprise吃惊地
Her letter came as a complete surprise. 万万没想到会收到她的信.
21. trouble [ U］困难,苦恼,痛苦; [C]麻烦事,困难事,负担
She's had so many troubles that she looks fifty, although she's only thirty.
She has always been a great trouble to her father and mother.
22. wonder [ U］惊奇,惊讶,惊异,惊叹,惊愕; [C]令人感到惊奇的事情,奇迹,奇观
in/with wonder 惊奇地
no wonder 毫不奇怪
The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world.长城是世界奇迹之一.
23. worry [ U］担心,担忧,忧愁; [C]烦恼事,令人担忧的人
Her face showed signs of worry. 她脸上显出担忧的神情.
My father has a lot of worries. 烦恼.
Forget your worries and enjoy yourself!
24.sight [U]视力，视觉[C]情景，景象
Out of sight, out of mind.
眼不见，心不想；去者日以疏；离久情疏。

I cannot endure the sight. 我不能容忍这种情景。

It was a touching sight.
It was a magnificent sight.
25.knowledge [U]知识[C]（一门）学问
Knowledge begin with practice. 认识从实践开始。

Knowledge is no burden. 艺不压身。

Knowledge is power.-- Bacon 知识就是力量。

－－培根
I want an assistant with a knowledge of English and experience of office routine.
我需要一名懂英语和具有例行公事经验的助手。

He has only a theoretical knowledge of the language. 他只有这种语言的理论知识。

26. room [U]空间[C]房间
There's no room for this piano.
Stay with us for several days. We have 20 rooms in the village.
过来和我们住一段时间吧。

我们在村里有20间房子。

27. fortune [U]运气；机会[C]财产，财富
Fortune Fools have fortune. [谚]傻人有傻福。

Roll up a huge fortune 积聚起大笔财产
He cleaned up a small fortune. 他发了一笔小财.
He dreamed of making a fortune. 他梦想发大财。

He made a fortune in oil.
二、表示“一次”、“一场”、“一段”等“一……”的概念，常与动词连用构成短语，名词前常有形容词修饰。

1. have a good time ，have a wonderful supper ，have a good knowledge/understanding of；have a population of ，cover an area of，reach a height of
2. 与动词have, take, make, give等连用，表示某一次短暂的动作。

如：
have a swim/rest/look/trip/discussion/smoke/wash/sleep
take a walk/bath
give/take a try
make an advance/an early start/an apology
take/have a great interest
go out for a walk
3. 接同源宾语的短语如：
live/lead a happy/simple/hard/poor/bitter life，dream a strange dream，die a heroic death。