自考《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料
《外刊经贸知识选读》7-15课复习资料
《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料第七章一、术语1．free trade 自由贸易2．trade sanctions 贸易制裁3．fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划managed trade 管理贸易4．trade balance 贸易差额5．multilateral rules 多边规则6．economic cycle 经济周期7．budget deficit 预算赤字8．trade reprisals 贸易报复9. market share市场份额10.White Paper白皮书11.vested interests既得利益12.civil service行政部门13.wholesaler批发商14. Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI)日本通商产业省15. households save 家庭储蓄16. economic cycle 经济周期17. parts and components 零件、部件、零部件二、词语释义：1. draw the line: set limits; refuse to go as far as or beyond （划定界限；不肯做到或超越某种程度）2. die down: disappear gradually3. foreshadow: is a sign of; represents; indicates4 capitulate to: yield to5. thrust: principal concern or objective6. geared to: adjusted to7. take sb to task for: reprimand sb for; criticize sb for8. is at pains to: makes a great effort to; works hard to9. of its own accord: voluntarily; spontaneously10. export-driven: export-led; export-oriented11. in due course: at the right time12. cave in to: give in to三、句子翻译1. The strongest signal came last week，when Mickey Kanter，(the U.S. trade representative), moved quickly to cite the 12-nation European Community for (“intolerable”discrimination against U.S. companies)seeking government contracts withinthe community. The administrationwill begin retaliating in six weeks ifEC policies remain unchanged.最强的信号来自于上周，美国贸易代表米奇·凯特引用欧共体的话指出，12国欧共体谋求共同体内部的政府间合同是对美国公司的“令人无法忍受的”歧视。
外刊经贸知识选读_重点.
外刊经贸知识选读最新串讲资料第一章一、术语制成品manufactured goods 资本货物capital goods 国际收支balance of payments 经常项目current account 有形贸易项目visible trade account 无形贸易项目invisible trade account 贸易顺差trade surplus 贸易逆差trade deficit易货贸易barter 补偿贸易compensation trade 反向贸易counter-trade 组装生产assembly manufacturing 工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax 合资企业joint venture 延期付款deferred payment 买方信贷buyer credit 卖方信贷supplier credit 软贷款（低息贷款）soft loan 最惠国待遇MFN treatment (Most Favored nation treatment)永久性正常贸易关系PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations) 国民收入NI(National Income) 国民生产总值GNP(Gross National Product) 国内生产总值GDP(Gross Domestic Product) 国际复兴和开发银行IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) 国际开发协会IDA(International Development Association) 国际金融公司IFC(International Finance Comporation) 经济合作和发展组织OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)国际清算银行BIS(Bank for International Settlement) 欧洲经济共同体EEC(European Economic Community) 欧洲联盟EU(European Union) 外商直接投资FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)1.The special Economic Zone 经济特区2.a well-placed source 一位高层消息灵通人士3.infrastructure 基础设施4.capital stock 实际资本5.consumer goods 消费品6.preferential tax rate 优惠税率7.cooperative enterprise 合作（经营）企业8.ETDZ （ Economic &Technical Development Zone ）经济技术开发区9.entrepreneurship 企业家精神10.means of production 生产资料11.stock-taking 评估12.Allocation of resources 资源配置13.macroregulation and control 宏观调控14.fiscal policies 财政政策15.tight monetary policy 紧缩的货币政策16.working capital 运营资本17.basic policy 基本国策18.technical transformation 技术革新一、术语：1.economic heavyweight 举足轻重的经济强国mercial hub 商业活动中心3.Per capita 人均4.Gross National Product 国民生产总值5.punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税6.securities 有价证券7.real estate market 房地产市场8.“ Greater China”trade bloc “大中华”贸易集团9.conglomerate 跨行业公司10.consortium 国际财团11.GATT:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定1．centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济2．market economy 市场经济3.disinflationary (anti-inflationary) policies 反通货膨胀政策4.deflation 通货紧缩5.short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元利率modity market 商品市场7.nominal (dollar) terms 名义（美元）价8.constant (dollar) terms 不变（美元）价9.business cycle 商业周期10.weighted average 加权平均数11.hard currencies 硬通货12.fiscal adjustment 财政调整13.portfolio investment 有价证券投资14.market diversification 市场多元化15.tight credit policy 紧缩的信贷政策16.exchange-rate devaluation 汇率贬值17.accommodative monetary policy 融通性货币政策18.yield curve 收益曲线19.per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值20.GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定21.EMS: European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系22.GDP deflator 消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数（ GDP 平减指数）23.CMEA (Comecon): Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 经互会24.LIBOR: London Inter-Bank Offered Rate 伦敦同业银行优惠利率22.per capita income 人均收入23.multilateral trade agreements 多边贸易协定24．Portfolio investment 证券投资25.cyclical deceleration in investment spending 生产总值通货膨胀因素指数26.the population-weighted growth rate 人口加权增长率trade representative 贸易谈判代表government procurement 政府采购NAFTA （ North America Free Trade Agreements ）北美自由贸易协定trade sanctions 贸易制裁trade hawks 贸易中主张强硬路线的鹰派人物一、术语：the single market 统一大市场 Maastricht Treaty 马斯特里赫特条约barrier-free market 无壁垒市场 free-trade zone 自由贸易区referendum 公民复决投票 merger 兼并budget cuts 预算削减 political and economic integration 政治经济一体化deregulation 放松管制 privatization 私有化二、词语释义：substantially : dramatically, significantly, considerably subsequently: afterwardsexacerbate: deteriorate, worsen; aggravate; make worsewithdraw: cancellationtheme: principlein return for: in exchange fordisrupt: interruptdestined: designedpronounced: markedin the wake of: following; after withundue: too much; unbearablereverse: change to the oppositebuoyant: briskoutcome: resultboost: stimulate; promote; developrecover: reboundfacilitate: make easyrun-down: reductionmount exhibitions: hold exhibitionsinsofar as: to the extentbottlenecks: obstacles二、词语释义：1.in piecemeal form: piece by piece; gradually 逐渐的2.showpiece: a prime or outstanding example 典范3.pipedream: fantasy; daydream; dream that cannot be realized 白日梦4.from scratch: from the very beginning 从零开始，从最初开始5.grassroots: basic level 基层6.the dust settles: the confusion ends 尘埃落定7.in the driver’s seat: in the dominant position二、词语释义：1.jockey: move2.is bustling with: is filled with3.giddy: dizzy; euphoric4.farfetched: improbable; incredible5.clear: earn a net profit6.deal a hard blow t strike heavily7.rung: level8.retaliation: return of ill treatment for ill treatment; revenge; reprisal9.career out of control: run out of control二、词语释义：1.in a row: in succession2.easing: slowing down; decrease3.momentum: force of movement4.underlying: being at the basis of5.slackening: slowing of speedpound: worsen7.moderate inflation: ease inflation8.robust: strong and healthy9.setbacks: frustrations10.slump: depression11.edge down: move slowly down12.depreciation: devaluation13.spike: abrupt increase14.pick-up: recovery15.rein in: control16.bottoming-out: reaching the lowest point before rising again （止跌回升）17.stagnat: stop; almost二、词语释义：1.tough: uncompromising （不妥协的，强硬的）2.discrimination: unfair treatment3.sanctions: penalty4.escalate: develop; intensify5.frictions: conflicts6.procurement: purchase7.be bullied into doing: be forced to do8.is awake t is conscious of9.amenable to responsive to10.a ragged start: a poor start11.intolerable: unbearable12.retaliate: revenge; reprisal13.impose: exert; influence14s.drawn-out: prolonged and boring15.shock: impact16. prompting: provoking17. tactical: skillful18. underpinning: foundation19. peeved: annoyed20. embrace: acceptance二、词语释义：big bang: strong and powerful effect; impact （不同凡响的效果）sour: worsen backlash: a strong adverse reactionbe bursting to: be eager to （迫不及待地… ） skid: slide; fall gush about: talk about with excessive enthusiasm （滔滔不绝地谈论）translate into: transform into hang over: impend over; threaten 三、句子翻译1．During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrializatio n programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。
1《外刊经贸知识选读》资料-词汇练习
一、单项选择题1. The pattern of China's foreign trade has changed substantially since the founding of People's Republic.A. modelB. traditionC. structureD. aim2. In 1997 China's foreign trade realized rapid growth rate of 12.1 percent.A. appreciateB. achieveC. graspD. follow3. The foundation or all this was assembled in piecemeal form, beginning in mid -1979 with the State Council's decision to set up four SEZ’s in t he south.A. establishmentB. designedC. declareD. invite4. A clearly confident China has rolled up a large section of its bamboo curtain.A. differentB. certainC. greatD. believing5. Zhangjiagang is a commercial hub of Jiangsu, the fastest-growing province in China.A. cityB. subwayC. centerD. street6. Beijing has been not only the world's fastest-growing economy but a magnet to many international companies.A. attractionB. enemyC. friendD. head7. The Clinton policy will end up being defined by a flurry of battles.A. explainedB. characterizedC. praisedD. concluded8. Direct investment by multinational corporations is becoming a hugely importantforce in the world economy.A. bodyB. driveC. bloodD. trend9. The administration will begin retaliating in six weeks if EC policies remain unchanged.A. taking actionB. taking revengeC. giving inD. submitting10. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences.A. tacklesB. bringsC. explainsD. predicts11. Sooner or later they will begin to lose their edge much as the United Statesdid against Japan.A. strengthB. advantageC. powerD. might12. The draft agreement contains many sensible few rules for global trade.A. carefulB. reasonableC. perceptibleD. sentimental13. Stock-taking Of the open policy will come later this year.A. holdingB. passingC. perfectingD. evaluating14. Resources may be pillaged as is happening in Asia's forests.A. produceB. robbedC. importD. destroy15. Aggregate output for developing country advanced by slightly less than 2 percentduring 1991.A. realB. actualC. totalD. gained16. The pattern of China's foreign trade has changed substantially since the founding of the People's Republic.A. actuallyB. unimportantC. triviallyD. punny17. Figures show that the bulk of China's foreign obligations consists of non-bank trade-related credits which exceed US＄4 billion.A. quantityB. qualityC. the greater partD. the smaller part18. Trade and investment liberalization will aggravate the competition on the domestic and international markets.A. annoyB. angryC. exasperateD. slowly19. If there is a road o China's future, Highway 204 out of shanghai is it.A. carB. pathC. vesselD. plane20. For foreign investors, the prospect of having access to a market of 1 billion consumers will be true.A. foregroundB. retrospectC. dreamD. concept21. China is reaping the rewards of reforms first launched by Deng Xiaoping in 1979.A. startedB. endedC. arrivedD. prepared22. Economic planners in Beijing are determined to channel foreign money more explicitly to meet their own needs.A. decidedB. choseC. finishedD. worked23. The reactions to these first signals from the Clinton team have been sharply divergent.A. differentB. similarC. importantD. significant24. The underlying arguments for growth in foreign direct investment remain unchanged.A. aggravateB. confidentC. basicD. substantial25. While that has bolstered the South's security, it has also detracted from its economic growth.A. supportedB. harmedC. damagedD. withstood26. 1992 is a set of laws, and because of the mutual stakes no one would take a breach of those laws lightly.A. searchB. dangerC. breakingD. obeying27. The WTO has been so successful that more than 30 countries are now queueing up to join.A. detachB. partC. separateD. take part in28. The economic transformation taking place today is extremely complex, and in social and political terms.A. happeningB. finishingC. bringingD. driving29. Critics called the appointments a slight to Japan.A. neglectB. littleC. noticeD. respect30. China has the most dynamic economy in the world today.A. staticB. increaseC. activeD. large31. The relationship between trade and the environment is the thorniest of all.A. connectionB. reportingC. statementD. narration32. These new issues are likely to get even thornier as the WTO admits new members.A. pointsB. problemsC. editionsD. themes33. Coca -Cola seems determined that Slice's sales won't come at the expense ofSprite.A. strengthenedB. brittleC. convincedD. weakened34. China entered the "top10" of the world's trading nations in1997.A. CountriesB. StatesC. ProvincesD. companies35. As China is a developing country, her main trading partners wouldn't care much about their trade imbalance with China.A. minorB. unimportantC. juniorD. chief36. China's access to substantial sums of money from the World Bank also reduces the need to borrow on commercial terms.A. unimportantB. actualC. smallD. little37. In1991, the economies of low -in -come and middle -income countries virtually stagnated, as measured by an increase in per capita GDP.A. estimatedB. reckonedC. appraisedD. surveyed38. International conditions for growth in developing countries deteriorated inA. reducedB. improvedC. worsenD. increased39. Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down.A. willinglyB. unwillinglyC. naturallyD. unnaturally40. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is takinga stand that could lead to a trans -Pacific confrontation.A. giving upB. giving inC. acceptingD. refusing41. Another explanation is that many of the market's original 282 directives have already been implemented.A. instructionsB. recordsC. figuresD. directions42. The round's other success was the creation of the WTO.A. inventionB. failureC. demolishD. ruin43. Expansion has transformed places like Jiangsu province, where GDP grew 25 percent last year.A. formedB. changedC. spreadD. reached44. Last year China's trade surplus surged, buoyed by exports of toys, textiles and consumer electronics.A. flourishedB. supportedC. boughtD. floated45. Mr. Bergsten said he saw little evidence of a strategy, except for a desire to mollify these industries' powerful congressional protectors.A. bullyB. angerC. relieveD. frighten46. The authorities are willing to permit a run-down in the country’s international reserves over the next few years as means of accelerating the introduction of foreign technology.A. speeding upB. speeding onC. speeding offD. speeding down47. Another 20% worked well, but the remaining 60% should have been scrapped.A. scratchedB. renovatedC. stimulatedD. introduced48. Now Zhangjiagang is China’s seventh largest port and a tumultuous construction zone of half-built office buildings and hotels.A. tremendousB. numerousC. noisyD. orderly49. Against this deteriorating global background, the improvement in economic performance in a few developing regions in 1991 was especially noteworthy.A. determinatingB. toleratingC. improvingD. worsening50. Balanced against that criticism is the positive reaction in Latin America to Mr. Clinton’s embrace of the free-trade agreement.A. hugB. embarrassmentC. acceptanceD. balance。
全国自考外刊经贸知识选读试题
全国自考外刊经贸知识选读考前密卷00096(含答案)一、单项选择题〔本大题共15小题，每题2分，共30分〕在每题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。
错选、多项选择或未选均无分。
第1题 .【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第2题 .【正确答案】 A此题分数2分第3题 .【正确答案】 B此题分数2分【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第5题 .【正确答案】 B此题分数2分第6题 .【正确答案】 A 此题分数2分【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第8题 .【正确答案】 B此题分数2分第9题 .【正确答案】 D 此题分数2分【正确答案】 B此题分数2分第11题 .【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第12题 .【正确答案】 D 此题分数2分【正确答案】 A此题分数2分第14题 .【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第15题 .【正确答案】 D二、将以下英语单词或词组译成中文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕第1题 trade sanctions第2题 intellectual property right【正确答案】知识产权第3题 conglomerate【正确答案】跨行业公司第4题 exclusive contract【正确答案】独家经销合约第5题 trade reprisal【正确答案】贸易报复第6题 sovereignty dispute【正确答案】主权争端第7题 allocation of resources【正确答案】资源配置第8题 auction【正确答案】拍卖第9题 tough policy【正确答案】强硬的政策第10题 surplus labour【正确答案】剩余劳动力三、将以下汉语词组译成英文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕第1题现货市场【正确答案】 spot market第2题反垄断【正确答案】 anti—trust第3题合资企业【正确答案】 joint venture第4题试销【正确答案】 test marketing第5题反补贴税【正确答案】 countervailing duty第6题国民生产总值【正确答案】 Gross National Product(GNP)第7题高增长率【正确答案】 high rates of growth第8题通货紧缩【正确答案】 deflation第9题中央银行【正确答案】 central bank第10题试销市场【正确答案】 test market四、简答题〔本大题共2小题，每题9分，共18分〕The Chinese, who constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population, prefer b rown eggs over white. In fact, 90 per cent or more of the fresh eggs c onsumed are brown. The major outlets for white eggs are hotels, Westernstyle restaurants and fast food shops.Chinese consumers prefer the deeper color of brown egg yolks—often consideredessential to the color of many Chinese dishes. Chinesestyle restaurants also f ind that brown eggs are more popular with customers.Chinese eggs have a unique odor that can be an advantage or a disadvantage , depending on the consumer.To the Chinese consumer, the odor is indicative of a “good egg〞 and isan important reason, in addition to a price advantage, for the popularity of Chinese eggs. The odor, however, is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hotels, Westernstyle restaurants and fast food outlets.第1题How many per cent do the Chinese constitute of Hong Kong’s popula tion【正确答案】 Chinese constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population.第2题 What kinds of eggs are more popular with customers【正确答案】 Fresh eggs with brown color.第3题What is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hote ls【正确答案】The odor is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hotels.Some of the Clinton administration’s tough talk appears tactical, intended topressure trading partners into offering concessions and to unblock stalled negot iations on several fronts. But it appears that officials are prepared to tur n up the temperature on trade—and live with the consequences. In some ways, Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the same welltrod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against the Community last year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement thatwould provide only small gains for US companies. The same political pressur es from trade hawks in Congress that the Bush officials felt are now beari ng down on the Clinton team.第1题Why does the Clinton administration put pressure on its trading part ners【正确答案】The Clinton administration has made up its mind to force its trading part ners to offer concessions so that it can resume negotiations with them on several fronts.第2题What are the consequences that the American officials are prepared t o see【正确答案】They are prepared to see US trade relations with its trading partners goi ng from bad to worse.第3题Please paraphrase “Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the s ame welltrod path as the Bush administration.〞【正确答案】Mr. Clinton and his advisers are adopting the same tough trade policies as the Bush administration.五、正误推断题〔本大题共10个题，每题2分，共20分〕如果正确，请写“T〞；如果错误，请写“F〞。
自考外刊经贸知识选读重点词汇3月共35页文档
11、获得的成功越大，就越令人高兴 。野心 是使人 勤奋的 原因， 节制使 人枯萎 。 12、不问收获，只问耕耘。如同种树 ，先有 根茎， 再有枝 叶，尔 后花实 ，好好 劳动， 不要想 太多， 那样只 会使人 胆孝懒 惰，因 为不实 践，甚 至不接 触社会 ，难道 你是野 人。(名 言网) 13、不怕，不悔(虽然只有四个字，但 常看常 新。 14、我在心里默默地为每一个人祝福 。我爱 自己， 我用清 洁与节 制来珍 惜我的 身体， 我用智 慧和知 识充实 我的头 脑。 15、这世上的一切都借希望而完成。 农夫不 会播下 一粒玉 米，如 果他不 曾希望 它长成 种籽； 单身汉 不会娶 妻，如 果他不 曾希望 有小孩 ；商人 或手艺 人不会 工作， 如果他 不曾希 望因此 而有收 益。-- 马钉路 德。
55、 为 中 华1、 天 下 之 事 常成 于困约 ，而败 于奢靡 。——陆 游 52、 生 命 不 等 于是呼 吸，生 命是活 动。——卢 梭
53、 伟 大 的 事 业，需 要决心 ，能力 ，组织 和责任 感。 ——易 卜 生 54、 唯 书 籍 不 朽。——乔 特
自考外刊经贸知识选读复习资料
自考《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料Lesson One China in the Market Place一、术语：manufactured goods 制成品capital equipment 资本货物balance of payments 国际收支current account 经常项目!visible trade account 有形贸易项目invisible trade account 无形贸易项目trade surplus 贸易顺差trade deficit 贸易逆差barter 易货贸易compensation trade 补偿贸易counter-trade 反向贸易《assembly manufacturing 组装生产industrial and commercial consolidated tax 工商统一税joint venture 合资企业deferred payment 延期付款buyer credit 买方信贷supplier credit 卖方信贷soft loan 软贷款（低息贷款）)MFN treatment: Most Favored Nation treatment 最惠国待遇PNTR: Permanent Normal Trading Relations 永久性正常贸易关系NI: National Income 国民收入GNP: Gross National Product 国民生产总值GDP: Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴和开发银行IDA: International Development Association 国际开发协会:IFC: International Finance Corporation 国际金融公司OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作和发展组织BIS: Bank for International Settlement 国际清算银行EEC: European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体EU: European Union 欧洲联盟FDI: Foreign Direct Investment 外商直接投资二、词语释义：￥exacerbate: deteriorate 恶化disrupt: interrupt 中断in the wake of: following 继┉之后breakdown: analysis by classification 分类分析buoyant: brisk 上扬的，增产的run-down: reductionmount exhibitions: hold exhibitions、insofar as: to the extent 在┉范围之内bottlenecks: obstacles; problems that retard or halt free movement or progress三、句子翻译：Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing undue strain on the national economy.官方认为，外国技术可在中国经济现代化中起重要作用，这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。
7月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案解析
全国2018年7月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. The pattern of China’s foreign trade has changed greatly since the founding of the People’s Republic. ( )A. substantiallyB. initiallyC. secondlyD. commercially2. I declared at the meeting that I did not support him. ( )A. attractedB. prolongedC. transformedD. announced3. China’s special economic zones will still be “special”after the country’s entry to the WTO.( )A. companiesB. areasC. producesD. funds4. Now the world has witnessed China’s emergence and its impact on both the US and the Asia-Pacific region. ( )A. emergencyB. existenceC. appearanceD. distance5. In 1991, the economies of low-income and middle-income countries virtually stagnated.( ) A. reversed B. stoppedC. registeredD. consolidated6. An economic confrontation will be destroying in its own way depending on how long it is carried on. ( )A. conflictB. combinationC. consequenceD. connection7. Europe has just traversed one of its roughest economic storms in years.( )A. transmittedB. passedC. transportedD. soured8. Regional and bilateral trade agreements form an integral part of the US approach to international trade policy. ( )A. standB. issueC. wayD. thrust9. There is a trend in an attempt to compete against Microsoft’s dominance in desktop applications. ( )A. rivalB. reachC. outstripD. forge10. The UAE remains wary about Iraq’s threat to Kuwait and, therefore, to the Gulf.( ) A. massive B. parallelC. reasonableD. watchful11. A business tax cut is needed to spur industrial investment. ( )A. stimulateB. squanderC. surpriseD. sustain12. Dealers continue to secure parts sales from aftermarket (配件市场) channels.( ) A. exert B. flourishC. acquireD. subsidize13. This measure aims to support commercial promotion in order to increase enterprise competitiveness in thefield. ( )A. placeB. pushC. pressureD. pull14. It could make sense to subsidize the preschool activities of children of poor families since these children maywell receive inadequate care without such subsidies. ( )A. supportB. provideC. supplyD. furnish15. The UN Terrorism Prevention Branch describes various types of conventional terrorist weapons. ( )A. transitionalB. tropicalC. translationalD. traditional二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. compensation agreement17. test market18. currency movement19. security20. good resistance21. tough policy22. impose import23. Special Drawing Right24. GNP (gross national product)25. per capita income三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 最惠国待遇27. 贸易顺差28. 硬通货29. 银行兼并30. 易于变卖的资产31. 闭关自守的国家32. 贸易谈判33. 据粗略估计34. 中国出口商品交易会35. 外汇储备四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）Passage 1If there is a road to China’s future, Highway 204 out of Shanghai is it. Along its two dusty lanes, local trucks and buses jockey with Cadillacs driven by financiers from Taiwan and Hong Kong investors. Migrant workers crowd the narrow shoulders. Factories line the highway, producing sneakers, toys, plastics, clothes, aircraft components and medical equipment. Eventually industry gives way to ricefields, which is being dug up to build still more factories. Cranes turn overhead as dump trucks and cement mixers nose onto the road. Outside the town of Jiading, one tractor-trailer leaves Asia’s largest container plant every three minutes, carrying goods bound for the Shanghai docks.36. What does “it” in the first sentence refer to? What does the sentence “the local trucks and buses jockey withCadillacs” imply?37. What do “eventually” and “give way to” mean respectively in the passage?38. Where is the biggest container plant in Asia situated? Where are the tractor-trailors going?Passage 2Gold: lower. after coming in for early support on news of strike action affecting mines belonging to gold fields of South Africa, values declined in line with platinum and New York advices as miners were encouraged to return to work by management promises of negotiation. The fall in oil prices also brought pressure to bear but good resistance at around the 400 dollars per ounce level permitted a brief rally. However, values suffered a late decline to below 400 dollars per ounce in line with New York as the dollar strengthened on news of a decline in the U.S. budget trade and a cut in the bank of Japan’s discount rate.39. W hat were “New York advices”?40. What happened to the gold price when the dollar strengthened?41. What brought about the strength of the dollar according to the passage?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1Every market activity is an investment in time, energy and money. Few companies would spend a large sum of money on, say, a purchase of capital equipment without a full investigation into why it is needed, the choices available, and the expected return. Yet every year the vast majority of companies invest a large amount of money in marketing actions without knowing what their financial worth to the company or likely return will be. By introducing the disciplines arising from market planning, a company should be able to ensure that the costs of marketing planning show a reasonable return and are calculated in the same way as all other business investments.Many managers believe that the costs of marketing form an additional expense. Whilst it is true that many companies use certain tools of marketing for this purpose, it is also true that the most successful companies accept marketing as an essential part of the company’s total commercial operation, for it is an essential cost in the same way as production or finance.Companies often avoid planning marketing procedures in detail because of the effort needed to express their forward policy in a written form. In fact, the manager who spends his time on dealing with current administrative detail is almost certain to have ignored proper planning in the past. For, if properly prepared, the marketing plan will contain sufficient details of the company’s policy and operational strategy for the work to be done by an assistant.For a marketing-oriented activity to produce lasting results, the entire operation has to be systematically planned. By producing basic information in written form and establishing aims for the future, the company is creating standards against which actual performance can be measured. Documentation of detailed policy actions then provides the basis for controlling the company’s operation. Future trends may be predicted through the investigation of all factors likely to influence company results.42. The purpose of this article is to discuss every market activity. ( )43. It is reasonable for companies to expect return for their expense in marketing.( ) 44. The most successful companies believe that marketing forms an additional expense.( )45. In order to make a good marketing plan, it is necessary to focus on current administrative detail. ( )46. As marketing creates standards to measure actual performance, it will produce lasting results.( )Passage 2Apart from the various subsidies governments offer to their exporters, governments also refund to their exporters the product tax, the import tariff of the components of the exported finished products. This is justifiable as they are finally to be borne by the customers in the importing nations and so the funding is not taken as a kind of subsidy. Now the average product tax refunding rate of the exported products in China is about lower than 10%.Developing nations can also adjust down the exchange rate of their currencies with foreign currencies to encourage export. This is sometimes very effective because it means to reduce prices of their goods in foreign markets. But this will also mean great loss in paying off the foreign loans and shatter the standing of their currencies in international financial markets.Nations also negotiate among themselves to ease the trade among them. They might reach various trade agreements. The present trend is regional economic integration, of which the first stage is free trade area, within which the international flow of goods is free of tariff imposition. North American Free Trade Area is such an instance. The second stage is tariff union, within which the countries not only adopt free trade policy but also united tariff system. Caribbean Community is such an example. The third stage is common market, which is more integrated in that it also allows free flow of labor and capital within this area. Finally, there is economic union, which requires its member countries to adopt uniform economic systems, such as those in finance and social welfare. They will also use the same currency.47. Product tax is a kind of government subsidy.( )48. The customers who buy the imported goods from China pay 10% less of the tariff.( ) 49. By lowering the exchange rate of its currency, the country can market its goods at a lower price in the importing country. ( )50. Adjusting down the exchange rate will sometimes make the currency less strong.( ) 51. All the forms of economic integration across the border aim at keeping trade balances.( ) 六、翻译题（本大题12分）Clearly, China’s economy is a work in progress, nowhere near realizing the potential of its billion-plus population. Its gross domestic product last year was, according to the official measure, $420 billion —no more than that of southern California. China remains primarily a nation of farmers, and the transition to an industrial free market is much like the traffic on Highway 204—unpredictable. Few state-owned firms have been sold, and most are laggard behemoths. Growth is driven by new joint ventures, collectives and private businesses, which now account for more than 50 per cent of China’s industrial production.。
自考笔记.自考考前压题预测.0096外刊经贸知识选读串讲讲义
第一部分导言一、内容梗概《外刊经贸知识选读》这本教材以课文为核心，选文题材包括与我国经贸研究与实际工作有关的几个主要方面：中国对外贸易与吸收外资的概况以及其改革开放的大背景，国际经贸的宏观形势，世界经济和贸易大国的贸易政策和问题，亚洲新兴经济的状况和问题，日益激烈的市场竞争，从关贸总协定到世界贸易组织，初级产品市场的前景预测和市场变化的微观报导等。
这些课程内容的表达上语言上则提供了大量的、丰富的经贸研究与实际工作经常需用的词语、句式和文体及其应用的范例。
二、课程目标学习本课程，要求学生初步掌握使用英语从西方报刊或相类的材料中直接了解并获取经贸信息的基本知识和技巧。
为了实现这一最终目的，必须在学习过程中切实达到下列目标：1、熟悉并掌握课文中出现的经常用于报刊经贸文章（或相类材料）的词、片语和句型；2、能比较熟练地运用这些语言知识并结合所学的经贸业务和背景知识正确地理解教材中的课文练习用文、补充阅读材料等，并能得其要旨。
三、课程性质《外刊经贸知识选读》课程是全国高等教育自学考试国际贸易专业的必考课和英语专业的选修课，是为培养和检验自学应考者的阅读和理解西方报刊经贸文章所需的专业英语的基本知识和应用能力而设置的一门专业英语课程。
这一课程是英语阅读和理解课的一个专业分支。
其特点是：阅读材料以当代国际经贸活动为主要内容和背景；文章是用相关的英语表达的课程的设计和教材的编写着力于提示和总结这类材料的语言运用规律的启发有关经贸知识的应用。
由于课程内容的高度经贸专业化，学习本课程之前应完成经济学和其他国际贸易基础课程的学习。
四、学习方法1、首先要反复认知和记忆教材中出现的在西方经贸报刊文章（英语）中经常使用的词、片语和句型，了解其含义，掌握其用法，能够熟练地运用在阅读理解之中；2、在初步掌握了有关语言知识的基础上，在阅读中要结合所学文章的上下文和内容背景运用这些基本语言知识去正确、深入、灵活地理解。
这里所谓“灵活”，就是说一个词，片语或句型具体用在一句一段一篇里时其含义以至其用法经常有所变化，报刊文字尤其如此，而读者在理解上也要有随和应变之巧，不可一味墨守而不得其真义。
《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料
《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料第一章、术语制成品manufactured goods资本货物capital goods国际收支balance of payments经常项目current account有形贸易项目visible trade account无形贸易项目invisible trade account贸易顺差trade surplus贸易逆差trade deficit易货贸易barter补偿贸易comp ensation trade反向贸易counter-trade组装生产assembly manufacturing工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax合资企业joint venture延期付款deferred p ayment买方信贷buyer credit卖方信贷supp lier credit软贷款（低息贷款）soft loan最惠国待遇MFN treatment ( Most Favored nation treatment )永久性正常贸易关系PNTR( Permanent Normal Trading Relations )国民收入 NI ( National Income )国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product )国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product ) 国际复兴和开发银行IBRD (International Bank forReconstruction and Devel opm ent ) 国际开发协会 IDA (International Development Association国际金融公司 IFC (International Finance Comporation 经济合作和发展组织 OECD (Organization for EconomicCoop eration and Devel opm ent )国际清算银行 BIS (Bank for International Settlement 欧洲经济共同体 EEC ( European Economic Community 欧洲联盟 EU ( European Union )外商直接投资 FDI (Foreign Direct Investment ) 、词语释义::dramatically ，significantly ，considerablywithdraw : cancellation theme ： p rinc iplein return for : in exchange for disr upt : interru pt destined : designed pronounced : markedsubstantially subsequentlyafterwardsexacerbate : deteriorate worsen ； aggravate ； make worsein the wake of : following after withundue : too much ； unbearable reverse :change to the opposite buoyant : brisk outcome : result boost : stimulate ； pro mote ； devel op recover : rebound facilitate : make easy run-down : reductioninsofar as : to the extent bottlenecks : obstacles三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exp orted agricultural p roducts to the USSR and East Europ ean countries in return for manufactured goods and the cap ital equipm ent required for the country industrialization p rogramme which pl aced emp hasis on the devel opm ent of heavy industry.重工业的发展。
外刊经贸知识选读复习（自考）课后习题答案
外刊经贸知识选读复习（自考）课后习题答案三、课后问题：1、What‘s the meaning of ―the pattern of China‘s foreign trade‖?―The pattern of China‘s foreign trade‖ refers chiefly(主要的) to thecommodity structure of China‘s foreign trade and her trade partnership with theworld.2、What kind of clause is introduced by ―when‖ in the sentence of the thirdparagraph, section 1? An adverbial (状语) clause or an attributive (定语)one?An attributive clause3、“Official recognit ion that foreign technology could playa major role inmodernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain （过度负担）on the nationaleconomy.‖(中国政府认识到，国外技术对本国经济现代化作用重大，这使1978年中国的进口额增长了50%以上，结果国民经济背上了沉重的负担。
) Why did the more than 50% rise in imports of 1978 place undue strain on C hina‘s national economy?More foreign exchanges(外汇) is required for more imports. All sections of China‘s national economy would have to work harder and better to export andearn more for the imports increased.4、What‘s ―a net grain exporter(粮食净出口国)‖? Does it mean one who hasnever done any imports?“A net grain exporter‖ should be one who has done both imports and exportsof the item, but finally exported more than imported withina period of time.5、―The strong increase in imports last year is att ributed to buoyant economicactivity as well as to the success of the Government‘s trade and foreigninvestment policies.‖(去年进口额的大大增加不仅是由于政府贸易政策与对外投资政策的成功，而且是由于趋于上升的经济。
全国自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试历年真题
全国自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试历年真题全国2004年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题Ⅰ.Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following statements or best completes them:(30%)1.Unlike cereals and other farm goods, which the Uruguay round aimed to bring within the GATT’s jurisdiction for the first time, oilseeds already fall within it.（）A. justificationB. authorityC. justiceD. announcement2.Speculators profited handsomely from the price fluctuation of the 1990s.（）A. stabilityB. flexibilityC. volatilityD. regulation3.In this project everybody does his own share of the work.（）A. participationB. portionC. promotionD. production4.The treaty stipulates a member’s obligations and benefits.（）A. privilegeB. dutyC. abilityD. action5. Facing the challenge of cheap American corn in the 1870s, Danish farmers developed a lucrative market exporting butter, eggs, and bacon to the UK.（）A. smoothB. profitableC. substantialD. sophisticated6.It is not a blueprint for how the single market will actually work.（）A. detailed planB. blue colorC. legal frameworkD. blue printer7.In this area, some foreign investors can enjoy tax breaks.（）A. intervalsB. preferential gapsC. restsD. preferential policies8.The foreign company locates an agent in Shanghai.（）A. situatesB. securesC. placesD. flourishes9.The store discounted all clothing for the sale.（）A. expanded on scaleB. extended to some degreeC. put to an endD. reduced in price10.Major suppliers to the Hong Kong egg market are making greater efforts to increase thecompetitiveness of their products.（）A. capability of competitionB. possibility of competitionC. probability of competitionD. competitor11.There is a rigid export quota in that country.（）A. flexibleB. stupidC. rapidD. stiff12.Foreign trade plays a major role in the Four Modernizations program.（）A. partB. ruleC. partnerD. roll13. Businessmen battled with bureaucracy in an effort to fulfill their hopes.（）A. turn outB. fill outC. carry outD. come out14.Some Western experts are predicting that China could become the world’s dominant economy in the near future.（）A. directingB. proceedingC. indicatingD. foretelling15.There were no breakthroughs in the Uruguay Round ofGATT negotiations on key elements.（）A. achievementsB. failuresC. accommodationsD. sluggishnessⅡ.Translate the following phrases into Chinese:(10%)16.trade fairs and exhibitions17.preferential tax rate18.vested interests21.European integration22.bilateral pacts23.countervailing duty24.fledgling industries25.deinflationary policiesⅢ.Translate the following phrases into English:(10%)26.国际收支27.经济特区28.高技术29.证券投资30.自由市场31.贸易壁垒32.供应过剩33.对等价值34.经济衰退35.贸易制裁Ⅳ.Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English:(18%)passage 1The company’s new formula was designed partly to keep Coke’s sales growing overseas. Compared with Americans, whoguzzle more soda than water, the rest of world is still in the sipping stage. Coca-Cola’s goal is to kick up its slowing growth rate outside the U.S. from about 3% a year to 10%. Company executives think a less filling, more “guzzleable” new Coke will help.Domestically, sales of soft drinks have been bubbling a long nicely. They grew 6% last year, vs. 2% to 3% a few years ago. But the cola makers may experience more growing pains, at least with the high-calorie colas that account for half of all sales (diet colas hold about 12%). Baby-boomers are showing a strong preference for healthier, less fattening drinks as they age-every-thing from diet soda to bottled water to fruit juice.36.What is the difference between “guzzle” and “ sip” in meaning?37.What doe s “less filling” mean?38.Could you tell the reason why there is a slow increase of high-calorie-cola sales?Passage 2Zhangjiagang is a commercial hub of Jiangsu, the fastest-growing province in China. China has the most dynamic economy in the world today. Its boom radiates from Guangdong, its richest province, but it has spread as far west as Xingjiang, where foreign investors are searching for oil and other natural resources. It is creeping inland, from Jiangsu to the cities of Congqing and Wu-han, where businessmen from Hong Kong and Taiwan are starting to spend billions of dollars to build factories. And it has penetrated the northeast, where the city of Shengyan, long a moribund center of state industry, is bustling with new private business, from trading companies to prostitution. Back in Beijing, officials at China’s state council, or cabinet, are giddy withexcite-ment-and exhaustion. “We don’t have people, we don’t have time,” says one. “Things are moving too fast.”economy early in the 21st century.39.What do the phrases “dynamic economy” and “the world’s dominant economy” mean?40.What is the meaning of “We don’t have people” in the underlined sentence?41.What are some Western experts predicting?Ⅴ.Read the following two passages and decide wheth er the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given:(20%)Passage 1In April, the EC imposed a ban on livestock, meat and dairy products from 18 eastern countries following an outbreak of hoof and mouth disease in Croatia. Hungarian Foreign Minister Geza Jeszenszky told EC leaders that the “entirely unwarranted (move) smacks of a most regrettable survival of the notion of an Eastern bloc.”The EC followed with antidumping duties and “voluntary”export restraints on cert ain steel products from Hungary and Poland. And just days after signing the EFTA free trade agreement in early April, Austria introduced import quotas on chemicals, cement agricultural machinery, and steel from Eastern Europe. West Europeans claim that their eastern neighbors have an unfair advantage because of low wages, state subsidies and low environmental standards.Although the EC and EFTA agreements are supposed to lift tariffs and trade barriers on most industrial goods over 10 years, most agricultural products are not included in the agreements. This is critical for Hungary, with its extensive farm sector.“The EC is never going to let Hungary achieve its potential output,” says Iowa David Andres, who has studied Hungarian agriculture firsthand ,” They’re already afraid of Hungary.”Statements:42. “In April, the EC imposed a ban on livestock, meat, and dairy products from 18 eastern countries following an outbreak of hoof and mouth, disease in Croatia.” Here imposed a ban means shut out imports. ( )43. With the EC and EFTA agreements, there will hardly be any improvement in exports of Eastern Europe’s agricultural products. ( )44.The EC and EFTA agreements will let Hungary achieve its agricultural potential output.45.There will be a lot of improvement in exports of Eastern Europe’s products except agricultural products. ( )46.The EC and EFTA agreements are supposed to lift tariffs and trade barriers on all the products over 10 years. ( ) Passage 2It is time to junk much conventional wisdom about the US economy. Until recently, most analysts assumed the recovery from recession would remain abnormally weak. And looking further ahead they assume that the US would continue to decline economically relative to other industrial countries, principally Japan and a more unified European Community.Both assumptions are now looking shaky. A clutch of much stronger than expected data suggests the US recovery is finally beginning to take off. Output per hour increased 2.7percent last year-the fastest productivity growth in 20 years.With productivity increases translating into impressive gains in corporate profits, US share prices are hitting record high andthe dollar is beginning to climb relative to other leading currencies. For internationally mobile capital, the attractions of the US economy are enhanced by worse than expected performance just about everywhere else. Growth throughout Europe is being held back by the strains imposed by German unification andencouraging inflation outlook for a generation. Consumer prices are expected to rise by only about 2.5% to 3% this year and next.Mr. Clinton, however, in his State of Union address on February 17, is expected to announce an economic stimulus worth about US $ 30 billion, or 0.5 percent of GDP. He will also announce longer term plans to tackle the familiar budget deficit, now running at about $ 300 billion but expected nearly to double within a decade because of runaway growth of spending on health care and other ‘entitlement’ programs.Statements:47.The conventional wisdom about the US economy assumed that the recovery would remain abnormally weak.( )48.The US economy recovery becomes more attractive for internationally mobile capital because the US recovery is abnormally strong.( )49.Both assumptions are now looking right.( )50.Mr. Clinton will make effort to slash the familiar budget deficit.( )51. The budget deficit of US is expected to be worse in the next ten years.( )Ⅵ.Translate the following passage into Chinese:(12%)The local Arabic press has given full coverage to the council’s debates and to a series of informal majlis discussionsheld weekly during Ramadan. In the latter, the issues of youth unemployment, drugs, the role of women and the size of the immigrant population were freely discussed. However, observers say Western-style democracy is not on the political agenda as the majlis system enjoys legitimacy and appears well-suited to the tribal traditions of Gulf society.全国2005年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题1. After the president’s speech, the stock pr ice slumped by10 percent yesterday.（）A. increasedB. droppedC. wavedD. showed2. Jack finally reached a bargain with the antique dealer over the vase.（）A. a sanctionB. an approachC. a traditionD. an agreement3. The following year, a tax law for joint ventures was promulgated.（）A. draftedB. issuedC. broadcastD. proposed4. Sales forecasts are outside my province —you should discuss them with the manager.（）A. problemB. programC. fieldD. task5. These eggs have a unique odor that can be an advantage or a disadvantage, depending on the consumer.（）A. an onlyB. a pleasantC. a desirableD. an unusual6. “The trade surplus itself will be the No.1 problem this year,”says the Chinese official. “After Japan, we’ll be first in line for retaliation.”（）A. revengeB. recoveryC. reflectionD. inflation7. We are not safely beyond a backlash against the new world competition.（）A. instanceB. resistanceC. momentD. background8. If companies can’t get their products distributed nationwide, marketing them will be more expensive.（）A. spreadB. spentC. contributedD. attributed9. The real estate has increasingly become vulnerable to business setbacks and changes of economic climate.（）A. strongly resistant toB. gradually accustomed toC. more adapted toD. easily attacked by10. At five o’clock in the afternoon the city streets are a series of bottlenecks.（）A. bottling chambersB. narrow parts of bottlesC. bottlenosesD. traffic jams11.We had a dispute about how much money he owes me.（）A. disposeB. discountC. quarrelD. quota12. The bilateral surplus with America is also growing rapidly.（）A. one-edgedB. two-edgedC. one-sidedD. two-sided13. There were several rounds of negotiation before China entered WTO.（）A. mistakesB. sensesC. circlesD. sessions14. The economic crisis has seriously affected French exports.（）A. effectedB. reflectedA. influencedB. bargainedC. offendedD. balanced第二部分非选择题(共70分)II. Translate the following phrases into Chinese: (10%)16.unfair trade17.exclusive contract18.per capita income19.long-term strategy20.GATT21.financial crisis22.trade representative23.physical market24.financial deregulation25.sovereignty disputeIII. Translate the following phrases into English:(10%)26.利息付款27.外商独资28.技术转让29.国内需求30.出口导向31.贸易差额32.产地证书33.期货市场34.市场份额35.进口税IV. Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English:(18%)Passage 1In the past few days differences between the United States and the European Community on farm trade have narrowed almost to nothing. As a result the world is now close to concluding the Uruguay round of GATT talks. That deal is admittedly far from perfect, a series of messy compromises. The cause of free trade will have many more battles to fight. Never mind. On a conservative estimate the Uruguay round would permanently raise global welfare by more than $100 billion a year, spur economic growth everywhere and extend competition to hitherto sheltered, and therefore backward, parts of all economies. By any standards, it would be a hugely valuable achievement.36.Why does the passage say that the Uruguay round is close to conclusion?37.What do “far from” and “sheltered” mean?38.How can the Uruguay round be described by a non-conservative estimate?Passage 2Nations with serious debt problems, such as Mexico, Brazil and Argentina, have been compelled to devote almost all But counter trade is not the exclusive province of debtor nations. Says Yoffie, “Even countries with strong foreign exchange positions, such as Australia, Canada and Indonesia, are insisting on countertrade in certain areas. Linking imports and exports is a way to exert power over multinational corporations. Countries that lack expertise in international marketing try to use counter trade as leverage to tap the networks of global firms.”39.What are the advantage and disadvantage of barter?40.What does “global firms” refer to?41.Why do countries with strong foreign exchange positionneed counter trade?V. Read the following two passages and decide whether the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given: (20%)Passage 1Holst and Company, a member of the Northwest Holst Group, has introduced flexible working hours for all its staff at its head office. It claims to be the first UK construction company to do this. The three-month trial period is being conducted with the approval of the overwhelming majority of the head offices. All 150 employees must be at their job during the “core time”from 10 am to 4 pm, less a one-our lunch break. They may choose arrival and departure times from 8 to 10 am and 4 to 6 pm. 150 hours have to be put in over each four week period. Credit or debit time of up to 7 and 1/2 hours may be carried forward to the next four-week period. Hengstler Flextime recording equipment is being used for the trial. The managing director of Holst, Mr Colin Cashmore, commented, “This is an exercise in responsibility. We regard our staff as very responsible people and it is only on this basis that the flexible working hours system can succeed.”He emphasized that if after the trial a majority of the staff was opposed to the system, it would not be continued. If, on the other hand, it proved successful, the company would consider extending Flextime to its other offices throughout the country.Statements:42. The Northwest Holst Group has introduced flexible working hours for all its staff at its head office. （）43. Every employee must be at his or her job during the “core time”from 10 am to 4 pm, including a one-hour lunchbreak.（）44. All 150 employees are free to choose their arrival and departure times during the day.（）45. If all the staff of Holst and Company were not responsible, the flexible working hours system could not succeed.（）46. Holst and Company has decided to carry out the flexible working hours system even if the majority of the staff is opposed to it.（）Passage 2Japan’s economy is in the most wrenching adjustment since the oil-price shock of the early 1970s. The optimists have predicted that the powerhouse economy is suffering only a temporary slowdown. Yet virtually every key indicator continues to deteriorate. The much-vaunted “soft landing”is cleaning not in the cards. Recovery is further away than many people imagine, and it will be slow and erratic when it does come.Alarmed at the rapid asset-price inflation of the mid-1980s, bureaucrats intervened to head off a crash.Japan dipped decidedly into recession as GDP fell 0.2％in the second quarter of 1992, 0.4% in the third and 0.3% in the fourth. Industrial output shrank 6.1% last year. Now we’re starting to see bankruptcies by industrial and service companies. The recession is no longer confined to the bubble economy-it has entered the real economy.Japanese companies do have an impressive track record of responding to crisis situations. They rebounded very quickly from the oil-price shock in 1973 and more recently offset the rising Yen by boosting productivity and shifting operations overseas.This time around, however, they face a much harder andlonger road to recovery. Recession is going to be very difficult for Japan.The restructuring trend may itself exacerbate the problem. To try to shore up faltering profits, companies will slash capital investment and employee benefits. This in turn will further damage consumer confidence. Around 20% of Japan’s GNP comes from business investment, with a whopping 60% from consumer spending.Consumer confidence has also been hurt by layoffs and cuts in overtime pay and bonuses. For a long time there have been more new job offers than there were seekers, but this has fallen recently. For most Japanese this is an extraordinary occurrence.Statements:47. Japan’s economy is in the most wrenching adjustment since the oil-price shock of the early 1970s. Here“the most wrenching adjustment”means“the most painless adjustment”.（）48. As GNP fell successively and there are bankruptcies in some companies, we can say for certain that the economy is undoubtedly in recession.（）49. Japanese industries were known to be remarkably flexible in adjusting to economic crisis. This time it’s going to be very difficult for them to emerge from recession. （）50. Consumer c onfidence is vitally important to Japan’s economy, because employee benefits were slashed.（）51. The recent occurrence of layoffs and cuts in overtime pay and bonuses is quite unusual to most Japanese, as fora long time there have been more job offers than seekers. （）VI. Translate the following passage into Chinese: (12%)Barter endured for thousands of years as the primary means of trade. Colonial powers forced bilateral barter upon their client states, making the colonies take expensive manufactured goods in return for bargain-price raw materials, and prohibiting them from trading with other nations. International trade was supposed to be freed from bartering’s constraints in July 1944, when diplomats and economists attended the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.全国2006年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题I. Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following statements or best completes them:(30%)1.Farmers bartered rice for machinery.A. exportedB. importedC. exchangedD. charged2. Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.A. procedureB. stimulusC. potentialD. section3. For China’s newly-rising enterprises, profits are up throughout the region — thanks largely to low wages.A. productsB. salesC. bonusesD. returns4. The workers demanded the same wage and the same treatment! There must be no discrimination.A. distributionB. prejudiceC. agreementD. performance5. Victims of the world’s largest industrial accident got $470 million compensation.A. conversationB. paymentC. preparationD. competition6. South Korea needs only some degree of sweat and some degree of technological sophistication.A. effortB. waterC. feverD. sweet7. Experts predict that the stock market will remain buoyant.A. buyingB. risingC. decliningD. descending8. International conditions for growth in developing countries deteriorated in 1991.A. betteredB. determinedC. worsenedD. damaged9. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation.A. pointB. pressureC. pullD. priority10. Measures to reduce costs are beginning to take effect.A. affect all sidesB. produce desired resultsC. impact costD. have influence11. A business tax cut is needed to spur industrial investment.A. spreadB. spoilC. stimulateD. spill12. I wanted to go out, but I had no money. I had no alternative but to stay at home.A. alternateB. chooseC. alertD. choice13. A key element of his economic program is the promotion of free trade and investment.A. encouragementB. protectionC. excitementD. innovation14. Speculators deserted the security and big yields afforded by the equity and money markets.A. stockB. assetC. equalityD. salesC. localD. abroadII. Translate the following phrases into Chinese: (10%)16.most-favored nation treatment17.trade surplus18.hard currency19.merger of banks20.liquid assets21.a hermit nation22.trade negotiation23.at a rough estimate24.Chinese Export Commodities Fair25.foreign exchange reservesIII. Translate the following phrases into English:(10%)26.独家经销合同27.经常项目28.清算协议29.人均收入30.无壁垒市场31.双重税32.房地产33.试销34.知识产权35.商业周期IV. Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English:(18%)Passage 1A clearly confident China has rolled up a large section of itsbamboo curtain, declared itself “open to the outside world” and hung signs on nearly all its cities inviting foreign investors to come and do serious business.For foreign investors, the prospect of having access to a market of 1.3 billion consumers no longer seems like a pipedream. The Chinese－in particular the rural population－are getting richer and now want visible improvements to their standard of living: they aspire to own colour TV sets, refrigerators, trucks, washing machines and better radios, bicycles and clothing. Even local factories are taking note of the vast potential sales in their own domestic market.36.Please paraphrase “has rolled up a large section of its bamboo curtain” in Line 1.37.What is implied by using the word “better”? Does it refer merely to the quality of goods here or something more?38.What do “having access to” and “sales” mean?Passage 2Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down. No longer, it seems. The Clinton administration strongly believes in exerting such pressure. Its policy is to open some Japanese markets (which it deems to be closed) by setting import targets－an approach to trade policy that supporters call “result-oriented”. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead toa trans-Pacific confrontation.39.Please give a synonym to the expression “give in” and explain the meaning of “draw the line”.40.What would Japan do in the past when foreign countriesput pressure on its international trade policy?41.Plea se paraphrase the underlined sentence “No longer, it seems”.V. Read the following two passages and decide whether the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given: (20%)Passage 1China is now reaching for the next rung on the economic ladder. Last fall Beijing agreed to open its markets to more U.S. goods, including everything from Polaroid film to automobiles. In return, Washington would support China’s membership in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Membership in this club, which includes all the world’s leading economies, could provide a huge boost for a low-wage export economy. Already though, China’s commercial strength is starting to worry competitors. Last year China’s trade surplus surged, buoyed by exports of toys, textiles and consumer electronics. Its trade surplus with the United States hit a record $18 billion. Only Japan’s was larger. With the U.S. Congress due to consider the renewal of China’s most -favored nation trade status in June, officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China. “The trade surplus itself will be the No.1 problem this year,” says one Chinese official. “After Japan, we’ll be first in line f or retaliation.”Statements:42. China’s trade surplus, mainly from exports of toys, textiles and consumer electronics, decreased last year.43. The strategy of opening markets to more U.S. goods is adopted by Chinese leaders in the hope of obtainingWashi ngton’s support in winning back China’s membership in GATT.44. China became the country which held the largest trade surplus with the U.S. last year.45. In the past, the trade imbalance was regarded as the more important source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China than human rights.46. Officials in Beijing attach much importance to the trade surplus.Passage 2Nike is the world’s largest supplier of athletic footwear and among the most successful consumer-products companies to have emerged in the past 20 years. Part of that success has come about by paying rock-bottom wages to the workers who make the shoes. All but 1% of the 90 million shoes Nike makes each year are manufactured in Asia.Nike is as American as Coca-cola. Part of its appeal to the millions of people around the world who buy its athletic shoes is that Nike is selling a sense of freedom. “Just do it!” exult Nike’s advertisements.But there is a rough side to this dream: the ruthlessness with which Nike pares its costs. The company is forfactories; 20 have closed in the past five years or so and another 35 have opened.Nike may look like an all-American enterprise, but its success relies on its ability to harness Asia’s spectacular manufacturing expertise. “We’re always looking fo r new manufacturing sources,”says Nike’s vice-president for production. “People ask why we don’t produce more in Eastern Europe, but we’ve concluded that the most capable manufacturers are in Asia.”The organization of Nike is simple and effective. All the production risk is taken by contractors. “We don’t know the first thing about manufacturing,” says Nike’s vice-president for Asia-Pacific. “We are marketers and designers.”There are the areas on which it concentrates its resources. Yet it retains the advantages of firms which produce in-house, namely a high degree of control over quality and the ability to respond rapidly to changing tastes.Until recently, almost all Nike’s shoes were made in South Korea and Taiwan, but as labor costs there have soared, the firm’s contractors in these two areas have moved much of their production to cheaper sites in Indonesia and Thailand.Statements:47. The most important ingredient of Nike’s success is giving people a sense of freedom.48. The quantity of shoes Nike manufactures in Asia each year is about 90 million.49. As all the production risk is taken by contractors, Nike’s main concentration is on marketing and designing.50.Nike prefers to produce in Asia rather than in Eastern Europe because they think the Asian market is bigger than Eastern Europe’s.51. To keep costs low, Nike’s most important strategy is to produce in countries where labor costs are still low.VI. Translate the following passage into Chinese: (12%)52.In matters relating to the environment, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held in June 1992, produced an “Earth Charter,” or declaration of basic principles for the conduct of nations and peoples with respect to environment and development; agreements on specific legal。
外刊经贸知识选读
One1.pattern (n.)式样，样品，方式，方针1）These patterns are quite popular in the international market.这些产品的款式是目前国际市场上比较流行的。
2）A complete range of patterns was sent to you by express airmail yesterday.全套样品已于昨天以航空特快寄给贵方。
3）Each trade in each country has its own patterns of sales channels.任何国家的任何交易都有它自己的销售渠道方式。
4）There patterns of trade are changing.这些贸易方针正在变化。
2.contract (n.)合同，合约1）Contracts have been signed but work hasn’t begun yet.合同已经签订，但工程还没开始。
2）We will have the contract ready for signature.我们将备好合约待签。
(v.)缩小，收缩1）The volume of foreign trade contracted sharply during past two years.过去两年间，对外贸易额大幅下降。
2）Matals contract as they become cool.金属冷却则收缩。
3.account (n.)账目，账户，账单，会计科目1）The account will be used for payment under letters of credit,collection orders and remittances. 本账户用于信用证，托收和汇款的结算。
2）The account sales of your parcel shall be forwarded in my next letter.贵公司寄售商品的销售账单，我们将于下次函寄。
外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案解析
34. I __________ the movie, but now I hardly remember it. Can you remind me of its name?
4. His whole school education ________ only 2 years because of his illness.
A.added up B.added up in C. added up to D.was added up ABCD 正确答案： C
5. Are you _________ your classmates well?
A.hopes B.suggests C.advises D.lets ABCD 正确答案： C
27. The two main popular__________ of Easter are the Easter bunny and the Easter egg.
A.signs B. symbols C. marks D.signals ABCD 正确答案： B
A.anyone ’s B.anyone ’ s else C.anyone else ’s D.anyone else ABCD 正确答案： C
33. The number of tall buildings __________ greatly in Tianjin in the last few years.
14. I want your_________, sir. I don t know what to do. A.advices B.piece of advices C.advice D.advise ABCD 正确答案： C
2023年自考专业(国贸)《外刊经贸知识选读》考试历年真题摘选附带答案版
2023年自考专业(国贸)《外刊经贸知识选读》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】Where was __________ you met with the famous scientist?A.it thatB.itC.the placeD.there2.【单选题】—Shall we go outing this weekend?—Oh, with all this work ______ ____,I don ’ t know if I ’ ll have time to go out.A.to doB. doingC.doneD. do3.【单选题】The number of tall buildings __________ greatly in Tianjin in the last few years.A.is increasingB.has increasedC.are increasedD. have increased4.【单选题】When Bob woke up he found himself in hospital, but he didn t__________.A.came aboutB. came outC. came alongD.came across5.【单选题】At this moment the bell rang, ________ the end of class.A.announcedB.. having announcedC.announcingD.to announce6.【单选题】His backache is only _________ for not watering the flowers.A.a reasonB.a causeC.an excuseD.reasons7.【单选题】We are living a_____A.stillB.quietC.calmD.silent8.【单选题】The cost of the various repairs amounts __________ total to just over a hundred pounds.A. toB.inC.byD.for9.【单选题】The speech is strongly impressed ________ my memory.A.toB.overC.byD.on10.【单选题】__________ twenty-fifth of December is __________Christmas Day.A.The; /B.The; theC.The; aD.A; the11.【单选题】The boy bought a new dictionary__________ he turned for help.A.from whichB. into whichC. whichD. to which12.【单选题】For some reason, it __________ all day over the two weeks.A.rainedB.rainsC.was rainingD.has been raining13.【单选题】I _________when I was a young girl.A.kept a diaryB.wrote a diaryC.made diariesD.kept diaries14.【单选题】Mary ’ s pronunciation is much better than __________ in her class.A.anyone ’sB.anyone ’ s elseC.anyone else ’sD.anyone else15.【单选题】We ________in the neighborhood.A. happened beingB. happened beC.happened to beD.are happened to be16.【单选题】Wood is often _________ paper.ed to makinged to makeed to be madeed making17.【单选题】You should try to write __________ eve n when you ’ re busy. As you know, practice makes perfect.A.now and thenB.more or lessC.sooner or laterD.here and there18.【单选题】One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain __________ good knowledge of basic word formation.A./B.theC.aD.one19.【单选题】I don ’ t want to buy the sweater because I don ’ t like the color.__________, it is too expensive.A.ExceptB.Except forC.HoweverD.Besides20.【单选题】You __________ put your computer in your bedroom.A.don ’ t needB.had not betterC.had better notD.ought not第2卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】His whole school education ________ only 2 years because of his illness.A.added upB.added up inC. added up toD.was added up2.【单选题】The world ’ s smallest baby, a __________ girl weighed just 24 grams when she was born .A.three monthsB.three-month-oldC.three months oldD.three-months-old3.【单选题】John said he would pay __________ second visit to China __________ next month.A.the; /B. the; theC.a; theD.a; /4.【单选题】Will you _________ playing basketball?A.join us inB. join toC. join us toD. to join us5.【单选题】Our teachers made us ________a lot of homework after school.A.to doB.doingC.doD.to have done until seven o clock.6.【单选题】This is the first time that I_________ at the meeting.A. had spokenB. have spokenC.amD. was7.【单选题】The shop _________ until 7 o ’ clock.A. stays openedB.continues openC. stays openD. continues opened8.【单选题】It's seven thirty. I_________ go to school.A.have gotB.have got toC.got toD.had got to9.【单选题】He came into the classroom_________.A.very upsetB.being upsetC.to upsetD.to be upset10.【单选题】Mr White ________ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn ’ t show up.A.should have arrivedB.should arriveC.should be arrivingD.arrived11.【单选题】I __________ the movie, but now I hardly remember it. Can you remind me of its name?A.may seeB. can seeC. may have seenD. can ’ t have seen12.【单选题】I don't know_________.A.how can I finish my homework on timeB.how I could finish my homework on timeC.I can how finish my homework on the timeD.how I can finish my homework on time13.【单选题】Are you _________ your classmates well?A.getting alongB.get long withC.getting long withD.getting along with life in the country.14.【单选题】No one _________of it.A.dared to speakingB.dared speakC. can dared speakD.dare speaking15.【单选题】She would rather have a room __________ than sleep with her sister.A.on her ownB.of her ownC.of hersD. for her16.【单选题】— It ’ s a warm day, isn —’ Yes, t it? it ’ s __________ cold. I just wear a jacket.A.not a bitB.a bitC.a littleD. not a little17.【单选题】An A4 sized panel ( 太阳能板) put onto the back of a jacket costs__________ US$15. It could __________ a cellphone during a summer walk.A.at most; workB.at least; controlC.at least; fuelD.at most; charge18.【单选题】America is an __________ country. You can hear __________ everywhere.A.English-spoken; English speakingB.English-speaking; English spokenC.speaking-English; English spokenD.spoken-English; English speaking19.【单选题】Our teacher __________ us to practise our spoken English as often as possible.A.hopesB.suggestsC.advisesD.lets20.【单选题】The storm died away at last with the golden waves __________ the shore in peace.A.beatB.to beatC.beatingD. beaten第1卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：A2.正确答案：A3.正确答案：B4.正确答案：A5.正确答案：C6.正确答案：C7.正确答案：B8.正确答案：B9.正确答案：D10.正确答案：A11.正确答案：D12.正确答案：D13.正确答案：A14.正确答案：C15.正确答案：C16.正确答案：B17.正确答案：A18.正确答案：C19.正确答案：D20.正确答案：C第2卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：C2.正确答案：B3.正确答案：C4.正确答案：A5.正确答案：C6.正确答案：B7.正确答案：B8.正确答案：B9.正确答案：A10.正确答案：A11.正确答案：C12.正确答案：D13.正确答案：D14.正确答案：B15.正确答案：B16.正确答案：A17.正确答案：D18.正确答案：B19.正确答案：C20.正确答案：C。
外刊经贸知识选读
外刊经贸知识选读全真一英译汉1.the Special Drawing Right 特别提款权2.OPEC 石油输出国组织3.coastal cities 沿海城市4.trade sanctions 贸易制裁5.the state apparatus 国家机器ernment procurement 政府采购7.free-trade-zone 自由贸易区pensation trade 补偿贸易9.White Paper 白皮书10.consumer goods 日用消费品汉译英1.贸易谈判trade negotiation2.跨行业公司conglomerate3.不公平贸易unfair trade4.欧洲一体化European integration5.政府津贴state subsidy6.经济衰退economic recession7.招标invite tender8.撤销金融管制规定financial deregulation9.供应过剩glut of supplies10.金融危机financial crisis全真(二）英译汉1.state-run enterprises 国营企业2.trade fairs and exhibitions 贸易展销会3.primary production 初级产品4.European Community 欧洲共同体5.austerity program 紧缩计划6.risk-weighted assets 高风险资产7.market regulation 市场调查8.equivalent value 对等价值9.supermarket 超级市场10.protectionism 保护主义汉译英1.外汇收入foreign exchange income2.供求模式the pattern of supply and demand3.活期账户current account4.时髦词语buzzword5.股票市场stock market6.补偿贸易协定compensation trade agreement7.质量证书certificate of quality8.期货futures9.仓库交货Ex-warehouse10.拍卖auction全真（三）英译汉1.b arter 易货贸易2.cooperative enterprise 合作经营企业3.punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税4.consortium 国际财团5.hard currency 硬通货6.deinflationary policies 反通胀政策7.licenser 转让费8.market forces 市场力量9.exclusive contract 独家经销合同10.discount rate 贴现率汉译英1.非耐用商品soft commodity2.经济技术开发区ETDZ(Economic & Technical Development Zone)3.贸易顺差trade surpuls4.个人所得税personal income tax5.无偿还能力insolvency6.软饮料soft drink7.收盘价closing price8.现货市场spot market9.出口配额制export quota system10.快餐店fast food shops。
外刊经贸知识选读重点词汇与课后答案
Lesson 1 China’s Foreign Trade(中国的对外贸易)重点词组：1、link 连接（这里为往来2、pattern 模式、结构*3、substantially 相当大的、重大的*4、in return for 作为…地交换5、manufactured goods 工业产品6、capital equipment 资本设备7、industrialization programme 工业项目8、heavy industry 重工业9、produced gains in 从… 中获利*10、economic imbalances 经济失衡11、national income 国民收入12、contract 收缩、下降13、aid 援助14、shift away form …towards 从…转移到…*15、consistent theme 一贯的主题16、strong emphasis placed on 强调、重视17、trade relating 贸易往来18、fell sharply 急剧下降（下滑）19、grown rapidly 迅速增长*20、sign in 签订21、in the wake of 在…之后22、normalization of diplomatic relations 外交关系正常化23、come into force 生效*24、most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇25、accounted for 占……*26、category 种类*27、item 项目28、US dollar value of 以美元计算的29、increased at an average rate of 平均以……比率增长 *30、per annum 每年31、visible trade surplus 有形贸易余额32、rise sharply 迅速上升、猛增*33、play a major role 起重要作用*34、undue strain 沉重负担35、a net grain exporter 粮食净出口国*36、pattern 模式*37、reverse 逆转，相反38、jump 暴涨*39、visible trade account 有形贸易收支40、in deficit 赤字、逆差*41、buoyant 趋于上升*42、attribute to 归因于……43、re-reported 再出口*44、leading 最主要的*45、decline 下降、减少*46、supplier 供应者*47、industrial country 工业化国家48、expect 期望*49、boost 推动、提高*50、recovered strongly 很大恢复*51、introducing advanced technology of 向…引进先进技术*52、sophistication 精密、尖端53、invisible account 无形贸易收支54、balance of payments 国际收支55、earnings 收益、收入*56、current account 经常项目57、in surplus 处于顺差、有盈余*58、reserves 储备、储量*59、the balance 收支平衡*余额60、specializes in 专门从事*61、balance 平衡*62、earnings and requirements 收入和需求63、run-down 减少、缩减*64、as a means of 作为65、international economic co-operation 国际经济合作66、mount 举行、进行67、trade fairs 商品展销会68、practice 惯例69、compensation trade 补偿贸易70、raw materials 原材料71、in return 作为报答72、barter 易货贸易73、counter-trade 反向贸易74、a series of 一系列75、designed to 旨在76、joint venture 合资企业77、The China International Trust Investment Corporation(CITIC)中国国际信托投资公司78、transfer 转让*79、for the time being 目前、暂时80、direct investment 直接投资81、access 接近的机会、享用权*82、the international capital markets 国际资本市场83、commercial terms 商业条件84、compile 收集、汇集85、OECD 经济合作和发展组织86、Bank for International Settlements 国际清算银行87、bulk 绝大部分、主体88、in the short-term 从短期来看89、over the longer term 从长期来看90、representative offices 办事处三、课后问题：1、What’s the meaning of “the pattern of China’s foreign trade”?“The pattern of China’s foreign trade” refers c hiefly(主要的) to the commodity structure of China’s foreign trade and her trade partnership with the world.2、What kind of clause is introduced by “when” in the sentence of the third paragraph, section 1? An adverbial (状语) clause or an attributive (定语) one?An attributive clause3、“Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain （过度负担）on the national economy.”(中国政府认识到，国外技术对本国经济现代化作用重大，这使1978年中国的进口额增长了50%以上，结果国民经济背上了沉重的负担。
外刊经贸知识选读材料
account for vt./vi. 解释，说明 e.g. Bank shall account for all shares of
stock and cash held by it. 银行将说明其持有的股票和现金。 account for v. to be a part of sth. 占 e.g.The Japanese market accounts for
energy constraints， have been tackled.
翻译：
许多开展中国家面对的债务问题使 中国在引进外国技术时下了这样的 决心：采纳直接投资和优惠付款方 法融资，而不是在国际资本市场筹 集大额的资金。在经济中的许多实 际瓶颈，如运输网络的缺少和能源 缺少被克服以前，官方认为招来大 笔外债的做法是不妥当的。
place/put/lay emphasis on 强调，重视 which 引导定语从句用来修饰emphasis
5.disrupt v. to make it difficult for sth. To continue in the normal way 扰乱，中断
e.g. Bus services will be disrupted tomorrow because of the bridge closure.
e.g. I felt obliged to ask them to dinner. 我不得不邀请他们来晚餐。、
oblige sb.(by doing sth.) oblige sb. With sth 援助，效劳 e.g. I’m happy to oblige.我乐意效劳。 obligation n. 职责，责任，义务
normalize v. to fit or make sth. fit a normal condition. 正常化，常规化， 标准化
最新《外刊经贸知识选读》复习(自考)
《外刊经贸知识选读》第一章一、术语1. 制成品 manufactured goods2. 资本货物 capital goods3. 国际收支 balance of payments4. 经常项目 current account5. 有形贸易项目 visible trade account6. 无形贸易项目 invisible trade account7. 贸易顺差 trade surplus8. 贸易逆差 trade deficit9. 易货贸易 barter10. 补偿贸易 compensation trade11. 反向贸易 counter-trade12. 组装生产assembly manufacturing13. 工商统一税 industrial and commercial consolidated tax14. 合资企业 joint venture15. 延期付款 deferred payment16. 买方信贷 buyer credit17. 卖方信贷 supplier credit18. 软贷款 (低息贷款) soft loan19. 最惠国待遇 MFN treatment (Most Favored nation treatment)20. 永久性正常贸易关系 PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations)21. 国民收入 NI(National Income)22. 国民生产总值 GNP(Gross National Product)23. 国内生产总值 GDP(Gross Domestic Product)24. 国际复兴和开发银行 IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)25. 国际开发协会 IDA(International Development Association)26. 国际金融公司 IFC(International Finance Corporation)27. 经济合作和发展组织 OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)28. 国际清算银行 BIS(Bank for International Settlement)29. 欧洲经济共同体 EEC(European Economic Community)30. 欧洲联盟 EU(European Union)31. 外商直接投资 FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)32. The special Economic Zone 经济特区33. a well-placed source 一位高层消息灵通人士34. infrastructure 基础设施35. capital stock 实际资本36. consumer goods 消费品37. preferential tax rate 优惠税率38. cooperative enterprise 合作(经营)企业39. ETDZ ( Economic &Technical Development Zone )经济技术开发区40. entrepreneurship 企业家精神41. means of production 生产资料42. stock-taking 评估43. Allocation of resources 资源配置44. macro regulation and control 宏观调控45. fiscal policies 财政政策46. 15.tight monetary policy 紧缩的货币政策47. 16.working capital 运营资本48. 17.basic policy 基本国策49. 18.technical transformation 技术革新50.二、词语释义：substantially： dramatically，significantly，considerably 显著地，相当大地subsequently： afterwards 随后，后来exacerbate： deteriorate，worsen；aggravate；make worse 恶化withdraw： cancellation 撤回，撤销theme： principle 主题，原则in return for： in exchange fordisrupt： interrupt中断，打断destined： designed] 注定的，目的是，有计划的pronounced： marked 宣布，宣称in the wake of： following； after with 在……之后undue： too much； unbearable 过度的，过分的reverse： change to the opposite 反转，颠倒，反向，相反buoyant： brisk 活跃的outcome： result 结果boost： stimulate； promote； develop 促进，提高，刺激recover： rebound 恢复facilitate： make easy 促进；使容易；帮助；使便利run-down： reduction 减少，降低mount exhibitions： hold exhibitions 举办展览insofar as： to the extent 在……范围内bottlenecks： obstacles障碍三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country…s industrialization programme which plac ed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。
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自考《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料Lesson One China in the Market Place一、术语：manufactured goods 制成品capital equipment 资本货物balance of payments 国际收支current account 经常项目visible trade account 有形贸易项目invisible trade account 无形贸易项目trade surplus 贸易顺差trade deficit 贸易逆差barter 易货贸易compensation trade 补偿贸易counter-trade 反向贸易assembly manufacturing 组装生产industrial and commercial consolidated tax 工商统一税joint venture 合资企业deferred payment 延期付款buyer credit 买方信贷supplier credit 卖方信贷soft loan 软贷款（低息贷款）MFN treatment: Most Favored Nation treatment 最惠国待遇PNTR: Permanent Normal Trading Relations 永久性正常贸易关系NI: National Income 国民收入GNP: Gross National Product 国民生产总值GDP: Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴和开发银行IDA: International Development Association 国际开发协会IFC: International Finance Corporation 国际金融公司OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作和发展组织BIS: Bank for International Settlement 国际清算银行EEC: European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体EU: European Union 欧洲联盟FDI: Foreign Direct Investment 外商直接投资二、词语释义：exacerbate: deteriorate 恶化disrupt: interrupt 中断in the wake of: following 继┉之后breakdown: analysis by classification 分类分析buoyant: brisk 上扬的，增产的run-down: reductionmount exhibitions: hold exhibitionsinsofar as: to the extent 在┉范围之内bottlenecks: obstacles; problems that retard or halt free movement or progress三、句子翻译：Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing undue strain on the national economy.官方认为，外国技术可在中国经济现代化中起重要作用，这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。
The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China"s determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets. … The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy, such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints许多发展中国家面临的债务问题使中国加强了这样的决心：通过外国直接投资和优惠付款方式引进国外技术，而不是利用在国际资本市场上筹集大笔资金的方式。
……在经济中的许多实际障碍―如运输能力不足和能源缺乏―被克服之前，中国政府认为招来大笔外债的做法是不妥当的。
《外刊经贸知识选读》的串讲资料（二）！！！Lesson two The Curtain Goes up一、术语：The special Economic Zone 经济特区a well-placed source 一位高层消息灵通人士infrastructure 基础设施capital stock 实际资本consumer goods 消费品preferential tax rate 优惠税率cooperative enterprise 合作（经营）企业ETDZ （Economic &Technical Development Zone ）经济技术开发区entrepreneurship 企业家精神means of production 生产资料stock-taking 评估二、词语释义：in piecemeal form: piece by piece; gradually 逐渐的showpiece: a prime or outstanding example 典范pipedream: fantasy; daydream; dream that cannot be realized 白日梦from scratch: from the very beginning 从零开始，从最初开始grassroots: basic level 基层the dust settles: the confusion ends 尘埃落定in the driver"s seat: in the dominant position三、句子翻译：In the SEZs, which are being built almost from scratch, foreigners can invest in anything which the state deems useful for the country, be it, for example, production of goods for export or construction of private-housing estates.在一切几乎从零开始的经济特区，只要中国政府认为对国家有益，外国人可对任何项目进行投资，例如出口货物的生产或私人住宅的房地产开发。
So, while comprehensive framework for the country"s modernization has been provided by the central committee"s 21 October 1984 decision to reform the economic structure, it will be some time before the dust settles and local authorities and foreign investors can deal with one another in a systematic way.因此，虽然中央委员会1984年10月21日的改革经济结构的决定为该国的现代化提供了一个综合的框架，但要等尘埃落定、要等地方政府与外国投资者能有条不紊的打交道却还需要一段时间。
Lesson Three Beijing Rising一、术语：economic heavyweight 举足轻重的经济强国commercial hub 商业活动中心Per capita 人均Gross National Product 国民生产总值punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税securities 有价证券real estate market 房地产市场“Greater China”trade bloc “大中华”贸易集团conglomerate 跨行业公司consortium 国际财团二、词语释义：jockey: moveis bustling with: is filled withgiddy: dizzy; euphoricfarfetched: improbable; incredibleclear: earn a net profitdeal a hard blow to: strike heavilyrung: levelretaliation: return of ill treatment for ill treatment; revenge; reprisalcareer out of control: run out of control三、句子翻译：With the U.S. Congress due to consider the renewal of China"s most-favored nation trade status in June, officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China. Beijing has cut this year"s growth target from 10 to 8.5 per cent, in an effort to keep the economy from careering out of control just as it was cut back in 1989 and 1990 when it overheated. Lesson four The Economic Scene: A Global Perspective一、术语：centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济market economy 市场经济disinflationary (anti-inflationary) policies 反通货膨胀政策deflation 通货紧缩short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元利率commodity market 商品市场nominal (dollar) terms 名义（美元）价constant (dollar) terms 不变（美元）价business cycle 商业周期weighted average 加权平均数hard currencies 硬通货fiscal adjustment 财政调整portfolio investment 有价证券投资market diversification 市场多元化tight credit policy 紧缩的信贷政策exchange-rate devaluation 汇率贬值accommodative monetary policy 融通性货币政策yield curve 收益曲线per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定EMS: European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系GDP deflator 消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数（GDP 平减指数）CMEA (Comecon): Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 经互会LIBOR: London Inter-Bank Offered Rate 伦敦同业银行优惠利率二、词语释义：in a row: in successioneasing: slowing down; decreasemomentum: force of movementunderlying: being at the basis ofslackening: slowing of speedcompound: worsenmoderate inflation: ease inflationrobust: strong and healthysetbacks: frustrationsslump: depressionedge down: move slowly downdepreciation: devaluationspike: abrupt increasepick-up: recoveryrein in: controlbottoming-out: reaching the lowest point before rising again （止跌回升）三、句子翻译：Although the weakness in demand in the United States led to a sharp decline in short-term dollar interest rates—a positive development for many developing countries—it also contributed to a drop of over 6 percent in nonoil commodity prices and to a slackening, to 3 percent, in the growth of world trade. Increasingly buoyant intraregional trade in East Asia may be viewed as evidence of an ongoing process of “market-oriented” regional integration, a development that could partially offset lackluster progress in the area of multilateral trade agreements.Lesson Five U.S. is Prepared to See Trade Relations Worsen一、术语：trade representative 贸易谈判代表government procurement 政府采购NAFTA （North America Free Trade Agreements ）北美自由贸易协定trade sanctions 贸易制裁trade hawks 贸易中主张强硬路线的鹰派人物二、词语释义：tough: uncompromising （不妥协的，强硬的）discrimination: unfair treatmentsanctions: penaltyescalate: develop; intensifyfrictions: conflictsprocurement: purchasebe bullied into doing: be forced to dois awake to: is conscious ofamenable to: responsive toa ragged start: a poor start三、句子翻译：Administration officials see little risk that this more aggressive policy could escalate into a full-fledged trade war that would shock the world"s fragile economies. Thus, the administration will not be deterred by complaints that it has moved to “protectionism.” In some ways, Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the same well-trod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against the Community last year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement that would provide only small gains for U.S. companies.《外刊经贸知识选读》的串讲资料（三）！！！Lesson four The Economic Scene: A Global Perspective一、术语：centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济market economy 市场经济disinflationary (anti-inflationary) policies 反通货膨胀政策deflation 通货紧缩short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元利率commodity market 商品市场nominal (dollar) terms 名义（美元）价constant (dollar) terms 不变（美元）价business cycle 商业周期weighted average 加权平均数hard currencies 硬通货fiscal adjustment 财政调整portfolio investment 有价证券投资market diversification 市场多元化tight credit policy 紧缩的信贷政策exchange-rate devaluation 汇率贬值accommodative monetary policy 融通性货币政策yield curve 收益曲线per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定EMS: European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系GDP deflator 消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数（GDP 平减指数）CMEA (Comecon): Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 经互会LIBOR: London Inter-Bank Offered Rate 伦敦同业银行优惠利率二、词语释义：in a row: in successioneasing: slowing down; decrease momentum: force of movementunderlying: being at the basis ofslackening: slowing of speedcompound: worsenmoderate inflation: ease inflationrobust: strong and healthysetbacks: frustrationsslump: depressionedge down: move slowly downdepreciation: devaluationspike: abrupt increasepick-up: recoveryrein in: controlbottoming-out: reaching the lowest point before rising again （止跌回升）三、句子翻译：Although the weakness in demand in the United States led to a sharp decline in short-term dollar interest rates—a positive development for many developing countries—it also contributed to a drop of over 6 percent in nonoil commodity prices and to a slackening, to 3 percent, in the growth of world trade. Increasingly buoyant intraregional trade in East Asia may be viewed as evidence of an ongoing process of “market-oriented” regional integration, a development that could partially offset lackluster progress in the area of multilateral trade agreements.外刊串讲（四）Lesson Six Economic Troubles Cloud New Market"s Future一、术语：the single market 统一大市场Maastricht Treaty 马斯特里赫特条约barrier-free market 无壁垒市场free-trade zone 自由贸易区referendum 公民复决投票merger 兼并budget cuts 预算削减political and economic integration 政治经济一体化deregulation 放松管制privatization 私有化二、词语释义：big bang: strong and powerful effect; impact （不同凡响的效果）sour: worsen backlash: a strong adverse reactionbe bursting to: be eager to （迫不及待地…）skid: slide; fallgush about: talk about with excessive enthusiasm （滔滔不绝地谈论）translate into: transform into hang over: impend over; threaten三、句子翻译：Yet in its current dour mood, Europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step forward it has taken in creating the world"s largest and wealthiest barrier-free market — and on a continent where, for centuries, economic battles have led to some of history"s bloodiest wars. But perhaps the major reason is the dark economic clouds now hanging over Europe. One of the central justifications for the single market was its ability to create greater prosperity, but it is making its debut just as Europe traverses one of its roughest economic storms in years.Lesson Seven Japan Says No一、术语：free trade 自由贸易trade sanctions 贸易制裁fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划managed trade 管理贸易trade balance 贸易差额multilateral rules 多边规则economic cycle 经济周期budget deficit 预算赤字trade reprisals 贸易报复二、词语释义：draw the line: set limits; refuse to go as far as or beyond （划定界限；不肯做到或超越某种程度）die down: disappear gradually foreshadow: is a sign of; represents; indicatescapitulate to: yield to thrust: principal concern or objectivegeared to: adjusted to take sb to task for: reprimand sb for; criticize sb foris at pains to: makes a great effort to; works hard to of its own accord: voluntarily; spontaneouslyexport-driven: export-led; export-oriented in due course: at the right timecave in to: give in to三、句子翻译：Its policy is to open some Japanese markets (which it deems to be closed) by setting import targets—an approach to trade policy that supporters call “results-or iented”. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation. In addition to the customary dry analysis, this year"s edition will put Japan"s side of an argument that has, until now, been dominated by American and European critiques. It follows another MITI report, published this week, that takes America, the European Community and other large trading partners to task fo r their “unfair trading practices”.外刊串讲（五）Lesson Eight Here Comes Korea, Inc.一、术语：Silicon Valley 硅谷state-of-the-art technology 最先进的技术microprocessor 微信息处理机dumping 倾销licensor 转让人insolvency 无偿还能力market forces 市场力量a hermit nation 一个闭关自守的国家fledgling industries 新兴工业nouveau riche 暴发户brain trust 智囊团technocrat 技术专家治国论者tax breaks 减税；税额优惠bankruptcy 破产xenophobia 排外；对外国人恐惧或仇视二、词语释义：delve into: make researches into is poised for: is ready forchurn out: produce in large quantities clout: influence; powerbe lost on: fail to influence or attract the attention of edge: advantageupset one"s apple cart: spoil one"s planhouse of cards: a structure, plan or situation which is too badly arranged to succeed 不可*的计划或体制the lion"s share: the largest portioncurb money market: a market for trading in securities not listed on a stock exchange 场外证券交易市场三、句子翻译：Their often helter-skelter expansion has created monopolies in many industries and resulted in widespread inefficiency; some companies are run by managers whose qualifications are limited to their family ties to the founder. And because most of this expansion has been financed through borrowed money, the chaebol have grown increasingly vulnerable to business setbacks and changes of economic climate. As a Western banker in Seoul bluntly puts it: “It"s a house of cards.” The challenge for Chun is to rein in the chaebol without damaging their absolutely essential contribution to the Korean economy - and without stepping on the toes of the chaebol"s enormously powerful chieftains.Lesson Nine Prosperity Persists in the UAE一、术语：GCC (Gulf Co-operation Council) 海湾合作委员会sovereignty dispute 主权争端Ramadan 斋月carbon tax 双重税surcharge 附加税OPEC （Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ）石油输出国组织tenders 招标reexports 再出口；复出口certificate of origin 原产地证明书loss leader philosophy 亏本招徕方式二、词语释义：add weight to one"s voice: add to one"s influencehead off: preventbe forthright about: be straightforward aboutis riding high on: is having great successspin-off: derived effect; by-product 副效应；副产品show teeth: show power; show effective means of enforcement 显示威力；显示效力up for grabs: available for anyone to take or win 群起而争的；待价而沽的三、句子翻译：Dubai traders are not unduly concerned by the introduction on 21 March of an Iranian 20 percent import surcharge as they consider demand for goods to be so strong that the surcharge will have little impact. It is no coincidence that government departments in the various emirates are welcoming bids from consultants that are new to the area外刊串讲（六）Lesson Ten Freer Trade, with Luck一、术语：anti-dumping measures 反倾销措施subsidies 补贴countervailing duties 反补贴税government procurement 政府采购barriers to trade (trade barriers) 贸易壁垒intellectual property 知识资产trade liberalization 贸易自由化WTO: World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织CAP: Common Agricultural policy 共同农业政策二、词语释义：carry one"s heart in one"s boots: feel afraid and worried 提心吊胆subsidy: money granted by government to an industry to keep prices at a desired levelallow for: take into considerationsnag: bog down, impede三、句子翻译：On a conservative estimate, the Uruguay round would permanently raise global welfare by more than $100 billion a year, spur economic growth everywhere (especially in the world"s poorest countries) and extend competition to hitherto sheltered, and therefore backward, parts of all economies. By any standards, it would be a hugely valuable achievement. No industry in the world has been pushed further, or so needlessly, from the liberal ideal of guiding resources to their best use by means of prices set in markets.Lesson Eleven The Comeback of International Barter一、术语：convertible currency 可兑换货币cartel 卡特尔debt service 债息支付debtor 债务人creditor 债权人The United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference 联合国货币金融会议IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织二、词语释义：proceeds: money gained from the sale of something 收入，收益dip into: spend; use up 动用（存款）hammer out: talk about in detail and come to a decision; produce by hard work 经详细讨论得出；经过大量工作而作出break down: collapsepay a premium for: pay a higher price for三、句子翻译：Barter endured for thousands of years as the primary means of trade. Colonial powers forced bilateral barter upon their client states, making the colonies take expensive manufactured goods in return for bargain-price raw materials, and prohibiting them from trading with other nations. International trade was supposed to be freed from bartering"s constraints in July 1944, when diplomats and economists attending the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, hammered out agreements that led to the creation of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and regulation of the worldwide currency exchange system.Linking imports and exports is a way to exert power over multinational corporations. Countries that lack expertise in international marketing try to use countertrade as leverage to tap the networks of global firms.外刊串讲（七)Lesson Twelve Soft Drink Wars: the Next Battle一、术语：market share 市场份额test market 试销市场coupons 赠券price promotion 价格促销hard sell 强行推销手段franchise 特许经营权二、词语释义：be spoiling for (a fight): be very eager (to fight) 一心想；切望pick on: single out, esp for sth unpleasantlive up to: keep to the high standards ofmake way for: allow room for 让位flagship brand: leading brand; chief brandwork off: dispose ofniche: a suitable placelet much to chance: let chance to decide; let luck to decide三、句子翻译：If these products live up to their early performance in test markets—a big if—they could produce $3 billion a year in retail sales. The skirmishes between the cola giants will precipitate a battle for supermarket shelf space and for the loyalty of bottlers. The big guys will press bottlers to drop competing brands to make way for their new product. The bottlers may not go along. Much of the expense of introducing a new product—blitzing consumers with coupons and offering deep discounts to retailers to get the product on the shelves—is borne by the bottler. He is reluctant to walk away from his investment in an existing brand to pony up for something new.Lesson Thirteen Hong Kong is Tops at Cracking U.S. Shell Eggs一、术语：fast food stores 快餐店supermarket 超级市场the wet market 出售未经加工的肉、鱼、禽的市场二、词语释义：outlets: a store or dealer through which a product is marketedmonopolize: have complete control ofwholesaler: a middleman who sells goods in large quantities chiefly to retailers for resale to the public三、句子翻译：Major suppliers to the Hong Kong egg market are making greater efforts to increase the competitiveness of their products in order to maintain or expand market shares. To promote sales of Chinese eggs, the Chinese Eggs and Products Company recently held a “luck draw” — a popular promotional activity in Hong Kong —with prizes in solid gold for winning retailers. Attractive posters are designed to promote both fresh eggs and preserved Chinese eggs.。