新东方托福作文内容整理
新东方托福写作语料库大全
新东方托福写作语料库大全写作离不开积累，下面小编为大家提供新东方托福写作语料库精选，希望你们喜欢。
新东方托福写作语料库：学生们是否应被鼓励玩游戏【观点类】Some people believe that video games could inspire young students’ interest and make their study more efficient rather than distracting them and a waste of time, so young students should be allowed to play video games. Do you agree or disagree? 有人认为游戏可以激发学生的学习兴趣，提高他们学习效率，而不是分散他们的精力和浪费他们的时间，是否认同? (2016年1月23日) 【头脑风暴】我们已从互联网时代进入到无线互联网时代。
手机游戏成为年轻人放松娱乐的重要方式之一。
游戏是一把双刃刀，对于玩家而言，在放松消遣的同时，也耽误了宝贵的时间，影响了学习和工作。
但是，我们不能因噎废食。
【作家立场】尽管游戏可能给学生们带来一些弊端，但是，只要可以合理安排和控制学生们的游戏时间，阻止他们玩游戏也是没有必要的。
【思路拓展】1 鼓励孩子们玩游戏的利好① 丰富多彩的游戏节目成为很多学生缓解压力，释放情绪的一种有效方式。
设想，孩子们在校努力学习，课后读补习班，作业繁重，鲜有大量的时间休闲娱乐，玩游戏可令学生们暂时忘记现实生活中的烦恼和压力。
② 一些竞技类的游戏其实是锻炼玩家的反应能力和布局能力的，因此，学生玩家也会培养多方面能力，例如手眼并用，危机处理，团队协作等。
③ 有些游戏的设计，以学习为导向，寓教于乐，让玩家在娱乐中学习知识，这也可以提高他们的学习效率，激发他们的学习热情。
2 鼓励孩子们玩游戏的弊端① 学生们的主要任务是学习知识，考虑到孩子们的自律性较差，允许孩子们玩优秀容易使他们分散精力，耽误学习。
新东方托福写作总结
托福作文得分点：1、清晰的文章脉络三部分：1、开头(introduction)2、主体(main body)3、结尾(conclusion)主题脉络：论点要有论据，论据要有例子，例子要有细节。
2、自然的段落衔接重要连词：1、首先：first and for-most, to begin/start with, in the first place, for one thing.2、其次：furthermore, moreover, in addition, what’s more.3、最后：in the end, at last, ultimately.3、注意语言、词汇的选用6大恶心词：big, important, but, and, think, make.Big：might, enormous, tremendous, massive.Important：vital, essential, critical, significant.But：though, although, despite, whereas, conversely, nevertheless, in spite of, in contrast, on the contrary, regardless of.And：as well as, together with, along with.Think：As I see it, From my point of view, Where it comes to me, As far as I am concerned.Make：使得.4、字数综合写作：200-300.独立写作：350-550.5、避免语法错误6、符合托福的行文规范：杜绝口语化的表达(禁止缩写)审题2类：1、单观点：题干一般为疑问句2、双观点：题干中会有比较(prefer, better, or, more important)的词汇Sample:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The only thing that government can do for energy conservation is to increase the price of gasoline and electricity?Sample:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is better to use our personal knowledge and experience to solve problems,rather than asking other people for advice.Sample:Some people prefer to spend money on something that lasts for a long time, such as an expensive piece of jewelry. Others prefer to spend the money on something that provides a short-term pleasure such as a vacation. Which way would you prefer?立意：审题之后列提纲，写下简要理由。
新东方TOEFL作文题选编（2）
新东方TOEFL作文题选编（2）新东方TOEFL作文题选编(2)26. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement.A student's main purpose in getting an education is to earn a lot of money. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.27. Some students like to attend a large university that has many students. Others prefer to attend a small university that has fewer students. Which type of university do you prefer?Use specific reasons and example to support your answer.28. Some students like to have outdoor activities. Others like indoor activities. Which do you prefer? Give specific reasons and examples to illustrate your answer.29. How do movies or TV influence people's behavior? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.30. Some people like to buy books to read, others like to borr4Dw books from libraries or from other people. Compare the advantages of these two ways of reading. Which do you prefer? Why?31. Some universities arrange a long period of vacation for students in the school year, others arrange several short vacations. Which kind of vacation do you prefer---a long vacation or a short one? Give specific reasons and examples for your answer.32. Some people like to communicate by telephone, Other people like to communicate by letter. Which do you prefer to communicate-by phone or by letter? Use specific and details to explain your answer.33. Some people like to listen to classical music, others liketo listen to popular music (including popular songs). Which kind of music do you prefer? Give specific reasons for your answer.34. Games teach people about life. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Give specific s for your answer.35. Many important natural resources such as water, forests, oil, etc, are running out in the world today. What。
新东方托福写作语料库精选
新东方托福写作语料库精选写作离不开积累，下面小编为大家提供新东方托福写作语料库精选，希望你们喜欢。
新东方托福写作语料库：环保个人是否可以作为环保类：Do you agree or disagree：The environmental issue is too complex to be handled by the individual. 环境问题太复杂了，个人无法解决，是否认同?作家立场：环境保护，个人可以也必须发挥作用;推荐写法：1. 一边倒支持：个人可以环保2. 让步反驳写法：个人可以环保薛鹏思路拓展：个人环保的方式：1. 个人可以减少对于高科技产品的使用，具体来说，减少家用电器使用的频率。
(例证：空调，热水器)2. 个人可以培养环保的意识，珍惜自然资源，过简单生活。
具体而言，可以购买小排量汽车或者乘坐公共交通工具;周边游不是长途游等。
(细节展开)3. 个人可以参加环保组织，做环保志愿者，宣传环保，反对有害环境的政策的出台和推广。
薛鹏原创语料库：1. environmental pollution = environmental contamination n 环境污染2. environmental issues = environmental problems n环境问题3. various environment-related issues n 各种与环境相关的问题4. live a simple life = choose a simpler lifestyle v 过简单生活5. embark on simple lifestyle = opt for a simple lifestyle v选择简单生活6. environmental conservation = environmental protection = environmental preservation n 环境保护(经典三剑客)7. raise the environmental protection awareness amongst the general public v提高公众的环保意识(环保必背)点评：raise = enhance = improve v 提高……点评：awareness = consciousness n 意识8. take public transit = take public transport v 乘坐公共交通工具9. foster water-wise lifestyle v 培养节水的生活方式点评：foster = cultivate = nurture v 培养…… (经典三剑客)10. reduce the use of paper v减少纸张的使用点评：reduce = minimize = diminish v减少……11. People should be encouraged to purchase compact cars with low emissions. 我们应该鼓励人们购买小排量的汽车。
托福综合写作汇总
托福综合写作汇总托福综合写作可是个很有趣又有点小挑战的部分呢。
一、托福综合写作的结构。
1. 阅读部分。
在托福综合写作里呀，阅读部分是个很重要的开头。
一般会给我们一篇小短文，这个短文就像是一个知识小宝藏。
它会有个明确的观点，比如说可能是讨论某种动物的习性是天生的，然后会给出几个理由来支持这个观点。
这些理由呢，就像是小短文的骨架一样，把整个观点撑起来。
就像我们平常给小伙伴们讲一个事情，先说出自己的看法，再讲为什么这么想。
阅读部分的内容一般都比较学术，但是别怕，它不会特别难理解啦。
2. 听力部分。
接下来就是听力部分啦。
这个就像是对阅读部分的回应。
听力里的教授或者说话者呢，可能会同意或者不同意阅读中的观点。
如果不同意的话，那可就有意思了，他会一条一条地反驳阅读中的理由。
比如说阅读里说某种动物习性是天生的，听力里可能就会说其实是后天环境影响的，然后详细地说出为什么是后天环境影响的，就像是在和阅读部分进行一场小小的辩论。
这时候我们就得竖起小耳朵，仔细听清楚那些反驳的点啦。
3. 写作部分。
最后就到我们大展身手的写作部分喽。
这个时候呢，我们要把阅读和听力的内容都结合起来。
先简单概括一下阅读的观点和理由，然后再把听力中对阅读的回应，不管是同意还是反驳，都清楚地写出来。
就像是在给另外一个朋友讲述这场阅读和听力之间的小“战斗”一样。
我们要让自己的文章条理清晰，就像我们平时给朋友讲故事，也要有个先后顺序，不能东一榔头西一棒槌的。
二、托福综合写作的常见话题。
1. 生物类。
生物类话题可多啦。
像什么动物的灭绝原因呀，有些动物是因为栖息地被破坏，就像那些可爱的小熊猫，它们的竹林要是被砍了，就没地方住啦。
还有动物的行为习性，是群居还是独居，这些都可能在托福综合写作里出现。
有时候还会讨论某种新发现的生物的特征呢，就像是发现了一个神秘的小生物，然后大家来探讨它到底是怎么生存的。
2. 历史文化类。
这个话题也很有趣哦。
可能会说到古代文明的兴衰，比如说玛雅文明为什么突然消失了呢？是因为战争，还是环境变化，或者是其他神秘的原因？还有历史建筑的意义，像埃及的金字塔，它到底是仅仅作为法老的陵墓，还是有其他更神秘的用途呢？这些话题让我们感觉像是穿越回了古代，去探寻那些古老的秘密。
新东方名师托福综合写作介绍及深度解析
新东方名师托福综合写作介绍及深度解析为了帮助大家高效备考托福，熟悉托福综合写作，新东方在线托福网为大家带来新东方名师托福综合写作介绍及深度解析一文，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。
更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福网!在和很多TOEFLers聊天的时候，发现他们往往会忽略托福综合写作的备考准备;在分析很多考生写作成绩的时候，发现很多同学在综合写作上只得了fair。
这篇文章，我们就来一起聊聊综合写作。
1托福综合写作考试内容综合写作是托福考试写作部分的第一个任务，考生首先将在屏幕的左侧读到一篇230-300词左右的文章，阅读时间为3分钟，阅读时间结束后，阅读文章消失在屏幕上，紧接着的是一篇与阅读材料相关的约2分钟左右的讲座，讲座中的教授就阅读中的同一话题从不同角度提出自己的观点并给出详细的细节信息。
在现行的考试中，听力中的观点一般是对阅读中的观点进行反驳。
听力结束后，阅读文章将会再次出现在屏幕的左侧，考试将有20分钟的时间在屏幕右侧的答题区域内进行答题。
官方指南中指出，一篇有效的作文大约在150-225词左右，如果写作字数超出225词并不会扣分。
2托福综合写作考试解析为什么会在TOEFL iBT考试中出现综合写作?综合写作的本质其实是课堂论文写作，考查学生的信息获取能力和信息整合能力。
托福官方指南(the Official Guide)明确指出，TOEFL考试整体都是对北美教学场景的再现，阅读文章主要来自大学课本，并尽可能少地做改动;听力对话主要围绕教学及教学服务，讲座主要是课堂场景再现;口语考查学生在学术环境下的表达能力及信息整合能力。
综合写作也不例外，可以这样认为，三分钟的阅读可以当做课前预习课文，两分钟左右的讲座就是课堂上教授的分析，接下来的写作相当于北美常见的课堂论文写作过程。
所以在写作中增加综合写作这一项，也是帮助非英语国家的考试适应北美的教学环境。
3托福综合写作评分方式从2014年起，综合写作的评分发生较大的变化：e-rater加入到综合写作的评分中。
托福写作常考话题及素材内容整理
托福写作常考话题及素材内容整理托福写作常考话题汇总及素材内容整理导语：托福写作备考期间大家可以多积累一些话题，然后对应话题找一些扩充的.资料，备考期间通过不断的积累可以帮助我们在写作中有丰富的内容可以写，以下是小编为大家整理的托福写作常考话题汇总及素材内容，欢迎阅读。
1. 全球化影响There is a disagreement on the impact of increased business and culture contact between countries on a country’s identity. What is your opinion?2. 政府投资People should keep all the money they earn and should not pay taxes to the state. Do you agree or disagree?3. 科技影响Many employees may work at home with modern technology. Some people claim that it benefits only workers, but not employers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?4. 文化类i. It is more important for a building to serve its purposes than to look beautiful. Architects do not need to worry about whether it is a real work of art. Do you agree or disagree?ii. The international tourism is the biggest industry in theworld. To what extent do you think its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages?5. 生活工作Some people think that changing jobs periodically is good. What is your opinion?6. 传媒类Some people suggest that there should be restrictions on a detailed description of crimes in the newspapers and on television. To what extent do you agree or disagree?7. 广告类There are many advertisements directed at children. Parents argue that children are misled, while advertisers consider advertising a source of useful information. What is your opinion?8. 环境类It is said that the best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the price of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?9. 动物类Far too little has been done to prevent animals and plants from dying out, although people have noticed this problem for a long time. Why have people failed to improve this situation? What are your suggestions?10. 教育类i. Some people believe that educating children altogether will benefit them. Others think intelligent children should be taught separately and given special courses. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.ii. Today, more school leavers are unable to find jobs. Discuss the causes of rising unemployment among young adults and suggest any solutions.。
新东方托福写作：学会用好机经
新东方托福写作：学会用好机经为了关心大家备考托福写作，提高托福分数，下面我给大家带来新东方托福写作：学会用好机经，来学习一下吧！新东方托福写作：学会用好机经!口语一二题预备时间十几秒，托福写作一共也就30分钟，但是最少300词，建议写到400词。
在这么严酷的时间之下，我们真正说出来，写出来的内容，就是我们的实际能力。
换句话说，口语和托福写作机经，其实最大的作用，就是让我们能在事先想一下〔作文〕和口语的思路，口语的话，可以试试回答里面的几个题，也就是这样了。
最聪慧的托福写作机经使用〔方法〕，就是在考前花足够的时间，磨练自己的实力，口语的话，就是要矫正自己的发音，同时要多说。
作文的话，就是要让自己的作文写得更地道，这就是最好的方法!同时也只有这种方法，才能最大程度的提升自己的托福写作考试分数。
同时最可怕的就是，把每一次考试都当成自己最终一次考试，然后每次都是急功近利把全部盼望都放在短短几天的冲刺上，然后每一次都绝望而归。
说真的，在考前猛扑在托福写作机经身上，倒不如一开始就把今日这份资料打印出来，每天想几条写作的理由，这样比考前的机经、冲刺靠谱多了!不知大家读了上文，有没有受到启发，托福写作机经的使用不是单纯地背诵而已!2021年1月1112日托福写作机经小范围预报1. What is the most important thing for a country’s leader to assure the prosperity of the country?1) Creating more jobs for unemployed worker2) Increasing agriculture and lowering the food price3) Increasing access to affordable houseThe leaders of a country have no shortage of difficult decisions to make. For example, should they lead their countryto success by creating jobs, by promoting agriculture, or by ensuring housing is affordable? Leaders should certainly invest into all of those options, but I believe that the government should use most of its resources to lower the cost of housing.Ensuring low cost housing is better than creating more jobs because creating government jobs is only a Band-Aid solution. It offers a temporary solution, not a permanent one. If there’s a lack of jobs, then that’s a sign that the economy is hurting. If that’s the case, then low-cost housing would actually help more than the government creating unnecessary jobs. As the cost of housing comes down, people will have more disposable income. Businesses will grow, and thus will provide more jobs. It’s a win-win scenario.Similarly, lowering the cost of housing is also better than promoting agriculture in order to reduce the cost of food. While it is true that everyone must eat, it’s also true that everyone must live somewhere. The difference is that a country’s citizens must live in housing within that country, but they don’t need to eat food that comes from that country. These days, we import a large portion of our food from other countries. If a country’s agriculture isn’t providing enough food, then perhaps that country’s land just isn’t ideal for agriculture and it would be a waste of money to attempt to force more agriculture to happen. A better solution would be to focus on the problem it can fix: housing.Meanwhile, reducing the cost of housing is a realistic goal for a country to tackle, and it has long-term benefits that produces a natural boost to the economy. Housing takes up thelargest chunk of most people’s paycheck. For example, we learned in my personal finance class that people should expect to pay between 20% to 30% of their monthly salary on housing. With lower housing costs, people would be able to survive with a lower-end job. People would be able to afford imported food. The economy would improve because people would have more money to spend. This is the solution the government should focus on.In the end, government leaders should invest in the success of the country in every way they can. However, I think investment in lowering the cost of housing will bring the best results.2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Success in school and work, the ability to adapt or adjust to a changing condition or circumstance is more important than having excellent knowledge of a job or in a field of study. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.Nowadays, employers are highly selective: requiring employees to have both academic proficiency and social flexibility. Hence, to increase your chances of getting a desired job, having the ability to adapt to a changing condition is as important as having excellent knowledge of a job or in a field of study. Academic data being equal, the ability to reduce conflict and increase participation is a decisive factor that contributes to your career success.To begin with, the ability to reduce conflict in school and work is partly the course of socialization going beyond the school curriculum. Whereas excellence in any field of study is essential, your success in work depends not only on academicknowledge but also on how to adjust to a changing circumstance. Therefore, it is advisable to learn to be able to adjust to a rather conflicting society because this kind of social flexibility can facilitate your interaction with other people. In other words, communicating respect for potential friends and mates is instrumental to avoiding conflict, particularly in the workplace. In reality, the process of learning this skill begins in school, in both verbal and non-verbal ways. It may be said that without acquiring the ability to reduce conflict, you may run the risk of becoming what is called a social ineptitude, far away from the spirit of teamwork.In certain respects, the success in school and work is a matter of the behaviorism to get flexible in social participation. Thus, you are supposed to learn to be as agreeable and acceptable as need be, mainly through taking part in (without intruding into) a variety of social activities, verbally as well as non-verbally. Verbally, you can increase participation by using the skill to say the right thing at the right time in the right place. It is because positive participation implies your good skill in listening as much as speaking. Similarly, in a non-verbal manner, you can increase participation by doing the right thing at the right time in the right place. In short, you had better adapt yourself to a changing condition or circumstance and behave correspondingly in the right behavior.Finally, worthy of mentioning is that, although socialization may differ from culture to culture, the rules are invariably related to skills to help reduce conflict and increase participation in school and work. Not underestimatingthe importance of having excellent knowledge of a job or in a field of study, you ought to also learn those essential social skills to become successful in life. Academic proficiency and social flexibility should not be considered as something like black and white, you may just as well think that the job market is largely in the color of grey.托福写作的字数都有什么讲究新托福作文需要行文不啰嗦，〔句子〕应越短越好，假如一个字能说清晰的，就不要用两个字。
托福 新东方写作万金油
一.经济economy表达：economy--economic（efficient，efficacious）经济的，有效率的--economical（saving，provident节俭的）节约的，节省的成本（cheap）：costless for，economical，cost-effective，reduce the costs of （expensive）：cost more，costly费钱的，increase the financial burden负担 on 收益增收：generate生成 incomes，provide financial benefits to，increase sales and profits of producer减收：suffer financial loss遭受经济损失范围：job hunting就业，career，work，profession，occupation职业，agriculture，farming农业，industry，manufacture工业，service industry服务业，business world/area/realm/field商业，wage，payment工资，income，revenue收入，expenses，consume支出，efficiency效益[080302] the best to travel is in a group led by a tour gaide.二.便利convenience表达：convenience--time/energy/labor-saving，effortless=easy不费力的，accessible可进入的，flexible有弹性的，suitable for适合inconvenience--time consuming费时的，laborious费体力的，troublesome麻烦的，stubborn顽固的，onerous繁重的[080223] technology makes people’s lives more complicated三.健康与安全 health and safety表达：（促进健康）improve health:①allow participants to engage/join in physical exercise.推论：physical exercise improves muscular and bone development, strength, endurance持久力 and immunity免疫力.②（释放压力）relieve stressallow people to immerse themselves in沉浸于…推论：provide a temporary暂时的 escape from the day-to-day life.take people’s minds off matters that cause worry and stress.（危害健康）undermine/endanger health:①reduce/take up/occupy physical exercise and make life overly sedentary久坐的.it’ll cause some problems/leading to…obesity肥胖，hypertension高血压，heart diseases②create excessive过度的 stress/anxiety焦虑/depression抑郁/mood swing纠结③unhygienic不卫生（用于饮食，宠物话题）bacterium细菌，parasites寄生虫，contagious传染的 diseases（影响安全）safety/security:*:financial loss，physical injuries，accidents，crimes，unemployment…① increase/entail/heighten the risks of + *② protect sb. against/involve less risks of + *范围：nutrition营养，food safety食品安全，life style，habit生活习惯，take exercise，do sports体育锻炼，life生命，property，possession，belongings财产[140] some people prefer to spend their free outdoors. other people prefer to spend their leisure time indoors.[150] watching television is bad for children四.知识与学习 knowledge and learning表达：（正面影响）① provide plenty of useful information about nature, science, local/foreignhistory, culture and customs, products and services.broaden horizon to be open-minded.supplement补充 school education and improve academic performance.② enhance life skills强化技能communication/ organizing/ planning skills. leadership（负面影响）adversely affect the academic performances① distract破坏 students from studies分心.② excessively过度地 consume消耗 time and energy for study.范围：travel旅行，media媒体，activity活动，party聚会[080607] playing computer games is a waste of time. children should not be allowed to do so.五.品格与观念 merits and values表达：establish values and principles价值观和品质（原则）的建立persistence坚持不懈，perseverancehardworking勤奋努力，diligence勤奋，sedulity（sedulous adj.）optimism积极乐观，discipline纪律，independence独立，responsibilityteamwork团队合作，cooperation，collaborationdedication奉献，devotionnational pride爱国，patriotism，national unityhonesty诚实/consideration关心/tolerance宽容/confidence自信/modesty谦虚/enthusiasm热情/generosity慷慨/prudence谨慎/bravery勇敢/sportsmanship体育精神/integrity正直（负面）（abasement减少） negative habits/attitudes/thoughtIndolence懒惰，slothArrogance自负/selfishness自私/irresponsibility不负责任/timidity 胆怯/self-complacence自满/self-contempt自虐[090509] it is better for parents to let children manage their pocket money when they are young[23] a good idea? in some countries, teenagers have jobs while they are still students [182] such relationships good? many people have a close relationship with their pets. these people treat their birds, cats, or other animals as members of their family.六.成功 success表达：accumulate积累 experience，knowledge，skills，and capital资本provide blue print and lay good foundations基础create healthy pressure and competition to motivate推动 individualsprovide advice to dilemma困境 and solution to problems（个人选择题万能）the source of motivation, confidence, and self-actualization, the sense of achievement[090307] it is better to use our personal knowledge and experience to solve problems, rather than asking other people for advice.[64] would you rather work someone else or own a business?七.关系与交流 relationship and communication表达：有利： improve personal relationship①建立 establishallow people to meet friends of diverse多种多样的（varies） backgrounds widen circles and build social connection人脉关系网/net workprovide company, relieve loneliness(can enrich life, broaden horizon, boost career)②加强 enhanceimprove effective communicationincrease quality time有效陪伴有害：estrange疏远 personal relationshipreduce effective communication （quality time）八.生态与环境 ecology and environment表达：（有利）：eco-friendly环境友好的have minimally最低 negative impacts on the environmentcontribute to sustainable development可持续发展（concept of SD可持续发展观）（有害）：have negative impacts on the environment[080426] governments should spend more money on medical care than on protecting the environment。
新东方托福作文背诵50篇
新东方托福作文背诵50篇01The Language of MusicA painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall,and everyone can see it.A composer writes a work,but no one can hear it until it is performed.Professional singers and players have great responsibilities,for the composer is utterly dependent on them.A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique,for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer.Singers practice breathing every day,as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support.String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down,while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm—two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune.Pianists are spared this particular anxiety,for the notes are already there,waiting for them,and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for them.But they have their own difficulties;the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion,and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors:they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound,and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding.Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.02Schooling and EducationIt is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless,it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school.The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than cation knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere,whether in the shower or in the job,whether in a kitchen or on a tractor.It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning.The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio,from a child to a distinguished scientist.Whereas schooling has a certain predictability,education quite often produces surprises.A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions.People are engagedin education from infancy cation,then,is a very broad,inclusive term.It is a lifelong process,a process that starts long before the start of school,and one that should be an integral part of one’s entire life.Schooling,on the other hand,is a specific,formalized process,whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next.Throughout a country,children arrive at school at approximately the same time,take assigned seats,are taught by an adult,use similar textbooks,do homework,take exams,and so on.The slices of reality that are to be learned,whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the working of government,have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught.For example,high school students know that there not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with.There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.03The Definition of“Price”Prices determine how resources are to be used.They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers.The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services,including labor,professional,transportation,and public-utility services.The interrelationships of all these prices make up the“system”of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad,complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define“price”,many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or,in other words that price is the money values of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is,of course,valid as far as it goes.For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction,much more than the amount of money involved must be known.Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount,but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged,the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made,the form of money to be used,the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction,guarantees on the product or service,delivery terms,return privileges, and other factors.In other words,both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total“package”being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.04ElectricityThe modern age is an age of electricity.People are so used to electric lights,radio,televisions,and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them.When there is a power failure,people grope about in flickering candlelight,cars hesitate in the streets because there areno traffic lights to guide them,and food spoils in silent refrigerators.Yet,people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago. Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years.Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.All living cell send out tiny pulses of electricity.As the heart beats,it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram,which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working.The brain,too,sends out brain waves of electricity,which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram.The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small–often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them.But in some animals,certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all.When large numbers of these cell are linked together,the effects can be astonishing.The electric eel is an amazing storage battery.It can seed a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it live.(An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.)As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel’s body are specialized for generating electricity,and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body.05The Beginning of DramaThere are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.The on most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual.The argument for this view goes as follows.In the beginning,human beings viewed the natural forces of the world-even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable,and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers.Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals.Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites.As time passed some rituals were abandoned,but the stories,later called myths,persisted and provided material for art and drama.Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music,dance,masks,and costumes were almost always used,Furthermore,a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate,a clear division was usually made between the"acting area"and the"auditorium."In addition,there were performers,and,since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites,religious leaders usually assumed that task.Wearing masks and costumes,they often impersonated other people,animals,or supernatural beings,and mimed the desired effect-success in hunt or battle,the coming rain,the revival of the Sun-as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling.According to thisvies tales(about the hunt,war,or other feats)are gradually elaborated,at first through the use of impersonation,action,and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person.A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.06TelevisionTelevision-----the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies,marked by rapid change and growth-is moving into a new era,an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility,which promises to reshape our lives and our world.It is an electronic revolution of sorts,made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies.The word"television",derived from its Greek(tele:distant)and Latin(visio:sight)roots,can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance.Very simply put,it works in this way:through a sophisticated system of electronics,television provides the capability of converting an image (focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera)into electronic impulses,which can be sent through a wire or cable.These impulses,when fed into a receiver(television set),can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.Television is more than just an electronic system,however.It is a means of expression,as well as a vehicle for communication,and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First,there is broadcast television,which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals.Second,there is nonbroadcast television,which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.Traditionally,television has been a medium of the masses.We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today.During those years,it has been controlled,for the most part,by the broadcast networks, ABC,NBC,and CBS,who have been the major purveyors of news,information,and entertainment.These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well.We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.07Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie,known as the King of Steel,built the steel industry in the United States,and,in the process,became one of the wealthiest men in America.His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline,when most of his competitors were reducing their investments.Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work,but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society.He opposed charity,preferring instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves."He who dies rich,dies disgraced,"he often said.Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name,including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh,which has a library,a museum of fine arts,and a museum of national history.He also founded a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University.Other philanthrophic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations,the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research,and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts.Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity.His contributions of more than five million dollars established2,500libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.08American RevolutionThe American Revolution was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework,such as later occurred in France and Russia,when both were already independent nations.Significant changes were ushered in,but they were not breathtaking.What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution.During the conflict itself people went on working and praying,marrying and playing.Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting,and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.America's War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations.One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States.Another was Australia,which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors.The third newcomer-the United States-based itself squarely on republican principles.Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose.In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island,the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials,everywhere ousted,were replaced by a home-grown governing class,which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament.07Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie,known as the King of Steel,built the steel industry in the United States,and,in the process,became one of the wealthiest men in America.His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economicdecline,when most of his competitors were reducing their investments.Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work,but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society.He opposed charity,preferring instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves."He who dies rich,dies disgraced,"he often said.Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name,including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh,which has a library,a museum of fine arts,and a museum of national history.He also founded a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University.Other philanthrophic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations,the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research,and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts.Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity.His contributions of more than five million dollars established2,500libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.08American RevolutionThe American Revolution was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework,such as later occurred in France and Russia,when both were already independent nations.Significant changes were ushered in,but they were not breathtaking.What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution.During the conflict itself people went on working and praying,marrying and playing.Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting,and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.America's War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations.One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States.Another was Australia,which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors.The third newcomer-the United States-based itself squarely on republican principles.Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose.In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island,the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials,everywhere ousted,were replaced by a home-grown governing class,which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament.11ArchaeologyArchaeology is a source of history,not just a bumble auxiliary discipline.Archaeological data are historical documents in their own right,not mere illustrations to written texts,Just as much as anyother historian,an archaeologist studies and tries to reconstitute the process that has created the human world in which we live-and us ourselves in so far as we are each creatures of our age and social environment.Archaeological data are all changes in the material world resulting from human action or,more succinctly,the fossilized results of human behavior.The sum total of these constitutes what may be called the archaeological record.This record exhibits certain peculiarities and deficiencies the consequences of which produce a rather superficial contrast between archaeological history and the more familiar kind based upon written records.Not all human behavior fossilizes.The words I utter and you hear as vibrations in the air are certainly human changes in the material world and may be of great historical significance.Yet they leave no sort of trace in the archaeological records unless they are captured by a dictaphone or written down by a clerk.The movement of troops on the battlefield may"change the course of history,"but this is equally ephemeral from the archaeologist's standpoint.What is perhaps worse, most organic materials are perishable.Everything made of wood,hide,wool,linen,grass,hair, and similar materials will decay and vanish in dust in a few years or centuries,save under very exceptional conditions.In a relatively brief period the archaeological record is reduce to mere scraps of stone,bone,glass,metal,and earthenware.Still modern archaeology,by applying appropriate techniques and comparative methods,aided by a few lucky finds from peat-bogs, deserts,and frozen soils,is able to fill up a good deal of the gap.12MuseumsFrom Boston to Los Angeles,from New York City to Chicago to Dallas,museums are either planning,building,or wrapping up wholesale expansion programs.These programs already have radically altered facades and floor plans or are expected to do so in the not-too-distant future.In New York City alone,six major institutions have spread up and out into the air space and neighborhoods around them or are preparing to do so.The reasons for this confluence of activity are complex,but one factor is a consideration everywhere-space.With collections expanding,with the needs and functions of museums changing,empty space has become a very precious commodity.Probably nowhere in the country is this more true than at the Philadelphia Museum of Art,which has needed additional space for decades and which received its last significant facelift ten years ago.Because of the space crunch,the Art Museum has become increasingly cautious in considering acquisitions and donations of art,in some cases passing up opportunities to strengthen its collections.Deaccessing-or selling off-works of art has taken on new importance because of the museum's space problems.And increasingly,curators have been forced to juggle gallery space,rotating one masterpiece into public view while another is sent to storage.Despite the clear need for additional gallery and storage space,however,"the museum has no plan, no plan to break out of its envelope in the next fifteen years,"according to Philadelphia Museum of Art's president.13Skyscrapers and EnvironmentIn the late1960's,many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized.Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities.Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers,and wasters,of electric power.In one recent year,the addition of17million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by120,000kilowatts-enough to supply the entire city of Albany,New York,for a day.Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful.The heat loss(or gain)through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board.To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment,builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass,and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain.However,mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings.Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city's sanitation facilities,too.If fully occupied,the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate2.25million gallons of raw sewage each year-as much as a city the size of Stanford,Connecticut,which has a population of more than109,000.14A Rare Fossil RecordThe preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rate occurrence in the fossil record.The tiny, delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers or destroyed by weathering before they can be fossilized.Ichthyosaurs had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures because,as marine animals,they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion.Still,their fossilization required a suite of factors:a slow rate of decay of soft tissues,little scavenging by other animals,a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones,and fairly rapid burial.Given these factors,some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils.The deposits at Holzmaden,Germany,present an interesting case for analysis.The ichthyosaur remains are found in black,bituminous marine shales deposited about190million years ago.Over the years,thousands of specimens of marine reptiles,fish and invertebrates have been recoveredfrom these rocks.The quality of preservation is outstanding,but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from6different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden,suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time.The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development;their paddles,for example,are already well formed.One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal.In addition,the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between20and30inches long.Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare elsewhere?The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.15The Nobel AcademyFor the last82years,Sweden's Nobel Academy has decided who will receive the Nobel Prize in Literature,thereby determining who will be elevated from the great and the near great to the immortal.But today the Academy is coming under heavy criticism both from the without and from within.Critics contend that the selection of the winners often has less to do with true writing ability than with the peculiar internal politics of the Academy and of Sweden itself.According to Ingmar Bjorksten,the cultural editor for one of the country's two major newspapers,the prize continues to represent"what people call a very Swedish exercise:reflecting Swedish tastes."The Academy has defended itself against such charges of provincialism in its selection by asserting that its physical distance from the great literary capitals of the world actually serves to protect the Academy from outside influences.This may well be true,but critics respond that this very distance may also be responsible for the Academy's inability to perceive accurately authentic trends in the literary world.Regardless of concerns over the selection process,however,it seems that the prize will continue to survive both as an indicator of the literature that we most highly praise,and as an elusive goal that writers seek.If for no other reason,the prize will continue to be desirable for the financial rewards that accompany it;not only is the cash prize itself considerable,but it also dramatically increases sales of an author's books.16.the war between Britain and FranceIn the late eighteenth century,battles raged in almost every corner of Europe,as well as in the Middle East,south Africa,the West Indies,and Latin America.In reality,however,there was only one major war during this time,the war between Britain and France.All other battles were ancillary to this larger conflict,and were often at least partially related to its antagonist’goals andstrategies.France sought total domination of Europe.this goal was obstructed by British independence and Britain’s efforts throughout the continent to thwart Napoleon;through treaties. Britain built coalitions(not dissimilar in concept to today’s NATO)guaranteeing British participation in all major European conflicts.These two antagonists were poorly matched,insofar as they had very unequal strengths;France was predominant on land,Britain at sea.The French knew that,short of defeating the British navy,their only hope of victory was to close all the ports of Europe to British ships.Accordingly,France set out to overcome Britain by extending its military domination from Moscow t Lisbon,from Jutland to Calabria.All of this entailed tremendous risk,because France did not have the military resources to control this much territory and still protect itself and maintain order at home.French strategists calculated that a navy of150ships would provide the force necessary to defeat the British navy.Such a force would give France a three-to-two advantage over Britain.This advantage was deemed necessary because of Britain’s superior sea skills and technology because of Britain’s superior sea skills and technology,and also because Britain would be fighting a defensive war,allowing it to win with fewer forces.Napoleon never lost substantial impediment to his control of Europe.As his force neared that goal,Napoleon grew increasingly impatient and began planning an immediate attack.17.Evolution of sleepSleep is very ancient.In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds:it may extend back as far as the reptiles.There is some evidence that the two types of sleep,dreaming and dreamless,depend on the life-style of the animal,and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep.In dream sleep,the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli.Dreamless sleep is much shallower,and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep.The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among pray today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection,and it makes sense that today,when sleep is highly evolved,the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones.But why should they sleep deeply at all?Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved?Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in genera seem to sleep very little.There is,by and large,no place to hide in the ocean.Could it be that,rather than increasing an animal’s vulnerability,the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have suggested this to be the case.It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quite on their own initiative are,during periods of high risk,immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep.The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals.This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.。
新东方托福写作语料库
新东方托福写作语料库写作离不开积累，下面小编为大家提供新东方托福写作语料库精选，希望你们喜欢。
新东方托福写作语料库：家庭聚餐是否依然重要It is less important to eat with families regularly nowadays. 和家人有规则地聚餐已经不再那样重要，是否认同?作家立场：和家人有规律地聚餐依然非常重要。
【思路拓展】家庭聚餐的利好1. 增强家庭纽带，和谐家庭关系，为家人交流创造更多的机会。
2. 家庭聚餐更加健康，更加经济。
相反，经常外出吃饭不仅仅不健康，而且增加经济负担。
3. 父母一起买菜做饭是一种生活情趣，为子女做出榜样，家庭聚餐可以提高家人厨艺。
【薛鹏原创语料库】1. strengthen the family tie v增强家庭纽带2. harmonize the family relationship v和谐家庭关系3. set a fine learning example for their children v为孩子们树立榜样4. impose much pressure upon a family economically v增加家庭的经济负担5. add financial burden to a family v增加家庭的经济负担6. improve one’s cuisine v提高厨艺【解析】cuisine = cooking skill n厨艺7. eat out v 外出吃饭【拓展】eat out for a change 出去吃饭，换换口味8. create splendid opportunities for family communication v 为家庭交流创造美好机会9. enjoy the happiness of family reunion v享受家庭团聚的乐趣10. family meal is, comparatively speaking, more economical v家庭聚餐相比较而言，更加经济。
2024托福综合写作范文
2024托福综合写作范文一、关于托福综合写作。
托福综合写作呀，就像是一场小小的学术辩论会。
你得先看阅读材料，那里头有一些观点或者现象的阐述。
然后呢，你再听一段听力材料，这个听力材料往往是和阅读材料相关的，要么是支持阅读里的观点，要么就是反驳。
咱们写作文的时候呢，就得把阅读和听力里的关键信息都整合起来。
这就像是在当一个小裁判，把两边的情况都给说明白。
二、一篇可能的范文示例。
1. 开头引入。
今天咱就来聊聊一个超有趣的托福综合写作话题。
比如说这个话题是关于城市里到底要不要建大型购物中心。
阅读材料就开始说了，它觉得建大型购物中心可好了。
为啥呢？它提到了很多好处呢。
比如说能给城市带来好多就业机会。
你想啊，一个大型购物中心，那得有多少店铺呀，每个店铺都得招人，从售货员到经理，从保安到保洁，一下子就能解决好多人的就业问题呢。
而且呀，还能让城市看起来更现代化。
那种高楼大厦、灯火辉煌的购物中心，就像是城市的一张闪亮名片，让别人一看就觉得这个城市很有活力，很时尚。
2. 听力反驳观点。
但是呢，听力可就不这么认为啦。
听力材料就开始反驳了。
它说虽然看起来能有就业机会，但是这些工作大多都是低薪的、临时性的工作。
就像那些售货员，可能工资就那么一点点，还没有什么福利保障呢。
而且呀，关于让城市更现代化这个说法，听力觉得大型购物中心会破坏城市原有的文化特色。
好多城市本来有自己独特的小街区、小店铺，那些才是城市文化的精髓。
结果大型购物中心一建起来，就把这些小地方的生意都抢光了，城市慢慢就变得千篇一律了，到处都是连锁商店，一点个性都没有了。
3. 继续阐述。
再说说交通方面吧。
阅读材料觉得大型购物中心能方便大家集中购物，大家都去一个地方买东西，交通就更有序了。
可是听力又不同意了。
听力里说，恰恰相反，大型购物中心会让交通变得更糟糕。
因为大家都往那一个地方涌，车流量、人流量都会大大增加。
周围的道路会堵得水泄不通，停车场也不够用，到时候大家都在那干着急，哪还有心情购物呀。
新东方托福强化班讲义之写作部分(李笑来)
今天是作文,最令我意外的就是作文老师居然是传说中的李笑来.他首先提醒我们,没有经过充分准备的考生千万别进考场,如果参加了考试的,确定自己肯定拿不到自己理想的分数的.请在考试最后记得cancel 掉自己的考试成绩,因为ETS的评分是按照平均水平来的,如果你confirm了你的成绩,在无形中就提高了别人的成绩.一. 1,评分标准要one by one的仔细研读.这个我也觉得很重要,他花了好长时间分析了评分标准,我觉得这个直接影响你的写作思路和方向.大家要抓住评分标准里面的关键词.更重要的是,在评分过程中,是一个找宝的过程,他给我们看了一篇1分—2分的作文.这篇作文貌似组织良好,但是里面隐藏着许多逻辑错误.2,Sample response from ETS and the readers comments.后者更加重要,要抓住comments里关键词3,关于展开论点.OG,P259—260 要很好的展开论点,运用恰当清晰的解释,例证和细节.评分人员会评估考生的作文是否切题,文章中的细节,事例,理由在多大程度上支持论点.不要光为了增加文章字数而死记硬背一些冗长的首,末段.二. 1,在综合写作部分,要快速阅读给出段子的首句,第一段要读前两句,尽量笔记下关键词.2,关注名词概念.主要靠平时积累三.在阅读部分如何作笔记:1,用缩写代替名词概念2,用符号代替逻辑关系四.不要在以下四方面浪费时间:1,不要在意美英之间的差异.2,不要在意口语和书面语之间的差异3,不必在意任何文化差异. ,例如同性恋问题,185中不涉及文化问题.4,不必在意语言是否地道,只写acceptable writing English. 他的意思就是,以我们大家现在的水平是不可能写的出地道的英文,写出能让人接受的正规格式的英文就足够了.五.Step by step1,列大纲,落实具体细节.根据心理学,人类思考并不一定依赖语言,所以列大纲并不一定要用美国人思维方式,记得一定要用中文列大纲.并且大纲内容一定要平实朴素无修饰.(在写作过程中如果遇到不会写的专有名词时,可用拼音代替,在后面用一句话来解释一下即可)2,永不轻言放弃.在遇到不会表达的地方可用同位语解释.3,具体具体再具体.这一点在口语中也有提到.一定要具体到具体的时间地点.可把大纲扩充成分,也可变强调句.老美就爱这个,没办法.所以一定要具体具体再具体.六.排比句的技巧:1,公整对照.2,句法大同,词汇小异3,遵循二分法七.3A1,Start anyway 好的文字是改出来的,而不是倒出来的.所以一定要逼自己动手写下去.2,Continu anyway 直到最后,不管用多长时间一定要坚持写到底.3,Close anyway 给自己一个期限.不能无限制的写下去而又写不完.在思想上给自己一个约束.TIPS:1,IBT的写作是要求说明性,说理性文字,而非散文和诗歌2,特定的文章用特定的阅读方法.3,快速阅读并不是快速移动你的眼睛.4,考前至少背5篇有代表性的范文.5,在平时练习的时候遇到生词一定要记录到自己的笔记本上.定期反复复习6,要具有清楚的,恰当的举例说明能力.平时可以用中文练习.在语言上尽量简洁,朴素,有效.7,第一次练习写作的时候借助一切可以借助的手段,用心写,不必限时.长此以往,写作文的时间会越来越短的.8,关注李笑来的个人网站9,郑渊洁的Blog.5th Feb Writing独立测试部分一简单说明文第一部分1段 Background information**Thesis statement第二部分2-3段 Supporting例平均寿命1段上世纪本世纪增长了20岁主题句Among various factors that have made people live long are A,B,C.2 段 A 食物条件改善A is very important factor……(what / why /how)粗粮-细粮肥肉-精肉牛奶Water from river of well…..now from tap water……Mineral water such as soft drink…..利用googleB 医疗技术Equally important is B(形容词提前体现句法的多样性并且equally 是上下文紧密连接)C 社会稳定Match A and B is another essential factor C.**写主题句的建议1 尽量不要使用只抽象名词主题句好结论句没必要写2 尽量暗示文章将来结构3 主题句应该值得解释，值得证明4 使用绝对词应该慎重（经常问Is this always true?）但不是段首句时，可放宽标准二对比对照第一部分1段Background information第二部分2段Compare and contrast第三部分1段Thesis statement (A>B)例P.7 (4) 说服重于表达列出A,B的缺点和优点然后A>B第一部分Some people assert that B is better than A. However, I want to reason that A is in fact better than B.第二部分第一种方法第二种方法A的优点1，2，3，A缺点1 A的优点1，2，3，B优点1B的缺点1，2，3, B优点1 B的缺点1，2，3, A 缺点1第三部分A>B**说服的原则1 不要站在人家对立面上2 不要告诉他结论，你要让他想结论3 不要盲目追求标新立异三立论文第一部分1段Background information第二部分2段-3段Supporting第三部分1段Rebuttal—驳证(可放在任何地方)第四部分1段Thesis statement例保护濒临灭绝动物很多人的立场是反对保护濒临灭绝动物我的立场是反对盲目地保护濒临灭绝的动物。
托福 听力和作文的新东方笔记
一、听力包含2个或3个section，每个section包含1个conversation（5题）和2个lecture （6题）共14道题，每个section需要10min 完成。
（一）读音问题1.连读●辅音和元音的连读call it a day 到此为止●元音和元音的连读前一个元音以[i]或[i:]结尾+后一个单词以元音开头eg：I am前一个元音以[u]或[u:]结尾+后一个单词以元音开头eg：You are●4组固定的音变（1）前一个音以[d]结尾+后一个音以[j]开头：would you，could you [zh] （2）前一个音以[t]结尾+后一个音以[j] 开头：last year [ch] （3）前一个音以[s]结尾+后一个音以[j] 开头：this year [sh] （4）前一个音以[z]结尾+后一个音以[j] 开头●另外注意[h]: 常不读出eg: isn’t heI just hopejust stick aroud hereIf I see her2. 弱读want to wannagoing to gonna3.失音以辅音结尾，后一个单词以同样的辅音开头：只读其中一个up-side down4.失爆只存在于爆破音中：[b] [p] [d] [t] [k]，前一个单词以爆破音结尾，后一个单词的开头是不同的另一个爆破音本身不发这个音，但要将这个音发的时间保留（二）听力练习方法听原文；看原文；划原文（将读音规则划出）；跟读和模仿（三）思路问题1. 在听力中，如果听到询问、请求或邀请，则重点听这些句子，因为它完全提供了下一个人说话的思路。
I doubt you are right. 我认为你是错误的。
I suspect you are right. 我认为你是正确的。
具有否定意义的词：doubt，neither，hardly，skip听力重点题型总结：语气题：语气变化的地方，停顿之后是考点，转折题：“but”转折之后几乎是考点建议性的内容：let’s 表示建议，建议的地方几乎都成为考点if 表示条件概念just 表示建议maybe 表示建议，也表达了不确定性remember 表示强调本身就强调的东西：what is important ...强调的句型：I do like it. It is/was ...that ...表示询问、邀请、请求的地方：不仅要听出问题，还要听出下一个人的回答表示最高级的内容表示个人的观点、意见、想法每段对话的开头：经常考到的第一道题就是主旨题，通常在两个人对话开头就提到了。
新东方TOEFL作文题选编_托福_
新东方TOEFL作文题选编1. Some people think that parents should plan their children's leisure time carefully. Other people believe? that children should decide for themselves how to spend their free time, Which idea do you agree with? Give reasons for your choice.2. People should be realistic rather than romantic in order to live a better life. Do you agree or disagree? with the statement. Use specific reasons to support your answer.3. People should never be satisfied with what they have, they should always want something new or? something different Do you agree or disagree with the statement. Give reasons for your choice.4. Some people think that the family is the most important influence on young adults. Other people think? that friends are the most important influence on young adults. Which view do you agree with? Use examples to) support your position.5. Some students participate in school activities such as clubs and sports. Other students do not take part in?? such activities because they spend more time on their studies. Tell why you think the two groups of? students spend their time differently? Which type of student do you prefer to be? Explain why.6. Travelling is more important than reading books in order to understand the people and the world Do you? agree or disagree with the statement Use specific reasons to support your answer.7. Some people like different friends. Others like similar friends. Compare the advantages of these two? kinds of friends. Which kind of friend do you prefer. Explain why?8. After they complete their university studies, some studentslive in their hometowns, others live in? different towns or cities. Which do you think is better ... living in your hometown or living in different towns or cities. Give specific reasons for your answer.9. Some people believe that newspaper are the best source of news. Others think that the news is presented? better on radio or television. Which of these sources of news do you prefer? Use specific examples to? support your choice.10. Some people learn best when a classroom lesson is presented in an entertaining , enjoyable way. Other? people learn best when a lesson is presented in a serious, formal way. Which of these two ways of? learning do you prefer? Give reasons to support your answer.11. Some people say that the best preparation for life is learning to be cooperative. Others take the opposite? view and say that learning to be competitive is the best preparation. Tell which one you agree with and explain why.12. Some people pay money for the things they want or need. Other people trade products or goods for? what they need. Compare the advantages of these two ways of obtaining things. Which way do you? prefer? Explain why.13. Some people believe that growing up in a large family, with several sisters and brothers, offers? more advantages than disadvantages. Other people think that being the only child is more? advantageous. Write a short essay in which you discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each position. Explain which position you support.14. Some people think studying in a university is worthwhile only because you can get a degree. Do you? agree or disagree with the statement? Give specific reasons to support your answer.15. Inventions such as eyeglasses and the sewing machinehave had an important effect on our lives.? Choose another invention that you think is important. Give specific reasons for your choice.16. Someone think that playing a game is fun only when you win. Do you agree or disagree with the? statement. Use specific reasons to support your answer.17. A research center is going to be established in a university. There is an argument whether to establish an agricultural center or a business one. Which do your think is better. Use specific reasons to support your answer.18. "Fiction (such as short stories or novels) can teach us more about life than textbooks can". Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Use specific examples to support your answer.19. Living in big cities has more advantages dm living in small towns or countryside. Do you agree or disagree with the statement. Use specific reasons to support your answer.20. Some university students want to live in a room alone. Others prefer having roommates. Which do you like betterkliving alone or living with roommates? Give specific examples to support your answer.21. Some people like to travel alone, other like to travel together with several friends. Which do you prefer, Why?22. Which is more important for you in your life? Knowledge from books you read, or personal experiences in reality. Please use details to explain your answer.23. Newspapers contain many information topics such as sports, current event, business and entertainment. Which topic do you like to read most often. Give reasons to explain your answer.24. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People should always show their strong emotions (such as excitement, anger, or joy). Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.25. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Dissatisfaction leads to progress. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.。
新东方托福作文课件
新东方托福强化写作讲义一、托福作文概述独立写作•A or B型%) Some people believe that university students should be required to attend classes. Others believe that going to classes should be optional for students.Which point of view do you agree with?Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer.•agree or disagree型(33%) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? High schools should allow students to study thecourses that students want to study. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.•发散型%)What are some important qualities of a good supervisor (boss)? Use specific details and examples to explain why these qualities are important.综合写作二、写作分数的明白得530%29%28%27%425%24%22%21%320%18%17%15%三、评分标准详解ADDRESSES THE TOPIC AND TASK5 Effectively addresses the topic and task4 Addresses the topic and task well, though some points may not be fully elaborated3 Addresses the topic and task2 Limited development in response to the topic and taskORGANIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT5 Is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplification, and/or details4 Is well generally organized and well developed, using appropriate and sufficient explanations, exemplification, and/or details3 Using somewhat developed explanations, exemplification, and/or details2 Limited development in response to the topic and task. Inadequate organization or connection of ideas. Inappropriate or insufficientexemplifications, explanations, or details to support or illustrate generalizations in response to the taskUNITY, PROGRESSION AND COHERENCE5 Displays unity, progression, and coherence4 Displays unity, progression, and coherence, though it may contain occasional redundancy, digression or unclear connections3 Displays unity, progression, and coherence, though connections of ideas may be occasionally obscuredGRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY5 Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammaticalerrors4 Displays facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and range of vocabulary, though it may have occasional noticeable minor errors in structure, word form, or use of idiomatic language that do not interfere with meaning.3 May demonstrate inconsistent facility in sentence formation and word choice that may result in lack of clarity and occasionally obscure meaning.May display accurate but limited range of syntactic structures and vocabulary2 A noticeably inappropriate choice of words or word forms; an accumulation of errors in sentence structure and/or usageADDRESSES THE TOPIC AND TASK1.Rephrase the topic – raise the issue2.answer the question – give your conclusion opinion = unsupported conclusion conclusion = supported opinionEg. 1 Nowadays, food has become easier to prepare. Do you agree or disagree: this change has improved the way people live? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.(1) I agree with this point.(2) I agree that having food that is easy toprepare has improved our lives.At present, various foods are available in markets so that people can easily access them and prepare a happy dinner. I think such a phenomenon is desirable.Eg. 2 Agree or Disagree: Government should spend the large amount of money that is channeling into artistic and cultural projects on basic infrastructure projects instead.Some people are critical of the government using taxpayers’ money to set up statues in the streets or other public places, complaining that this money should be spent more wisely, say, for helping needy people. I beg to differ.Eg. 3 Agree or Disagree: It is inevitable that as technology develops traditional cultures must be lost. Technology and tradition are incompatible and you cannot have both together.(1)It is a fact of life that the development of science and technology has been accompanied by a decline in traditional culture. In my opinion, this is not necessarily a bad thing, because some aspects of traditional culture hamper progress andshould be abandoned.(2)It is an undeniable fact that scientific and technological developments bring great benefits to people. Especially since the Industrial Revolution took place, our lives have been made much more convenient by inventions such as trains, planes and computers. But I think that the loss of our traditional culture is too high a price to pay for this.With the fast development of science and technology, …Every coin has two sides. … are a double-edge sword. … have both advantages and disadvantages.Eg. 4 Today, people can work and live in anywhere they want, because of the improvement of communication technology and transport. Do advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?As my personal experience, I can really clearly to feel about these improvement, such as communication technologies andtransportations.Eg. 5 Agree or Disagree: Universities should not provide so much theoretical knowledge but give students more practical training. Nowadays, recruiting exhibitions holds frequently in many cities. Students graduating from universities and colleges lately are usually worried to take part in because quite a lot of them could not find a satisfying job. What makes it so serious?Eg. 6 Supporters of technology say that it solves problems and makes life better. Opponents argue that technology creates new problems that may threaten or damage the quality of life. Which side do you support? Why?Technology is used in everyday life. People use it in different ways. It can make our lives better, but I think it can be cruel if it’s used for bad purpose.小结：Address the topic and task要幸免：•把题目狭义（举例不妥、说明过度）•把题目中的conclusion当做opinion•把题目中的opinion当做conclusion•表态含糊，没有直接、明确地回答下列问题I partly agree.I prefer the former with some conservation.1. 语序倒置some people ...1 others (2)Make life convenient and easy →easy and convenientLoss of respect and discipline →indiscipline and disrespect3.词性转变Is difficult to …→ has difficulty toHarm sth. → do harm to sth.Make life convenient →bring convenience to life → facilitate/ease life4.换一下主语Sports benefit people. →people benefit from sports.Food is easy to prepare. → People prepare food easily.主动语态<-> 被动语态5.同义词替换6.代词<->名词This → such a practicePhenomenon, behavior, idea, opinion, approach, methodactivity, attitude7.加减修饰语Others believe …→ Other people deem …Some people think → Some believeIt provokes widespread discussion about …It provokes widespread discussion that / whether …… be faced with such a dilemma: whether …There is a growing tendency for sb. to sth.A criticism often heard today is that …I am always amazed when I hear people saying that …When it comes to the issue that …, I/some people believe that …Some deem that …, while others believe that …Deem, think, believe, considerClaim, hold, maintainSupport, advocate, bolster, buttress, sustain, championArgue, contend, dispute, opposeSome claim that …, while others differ. I side with/support the former/ the latter.I deem that schools should require students to attend classes.Schools, I deem / as for me / as I see it / from my perspective, should require students to attend classes.Schools are considered by many should require …Formulated writingI think sports benefit people.ORGANIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT•Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer.•Use specific details and examples to explain why these qualities are important. •Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.•Using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplification, and/or detailsThink: specific, detailExplanation = reason + exampleI think I deem, believe, maintain Something, someone, somebody, sometimes, often, used to, in the future, somewhere, a place, an area, many, someKnowledgeIf I am a good person, she will marry me.If I were a good person, she would marry me. Ads make many mass media inexpensive. The media like newspapers and TV receive their major income from the ads, so they do not have to charge much of the buyers. For example, GZ Daily costs only one yuan. We can watch a large number of TV programs by paying only some twenty yuan per month. Otherwise / In contrast / On the contrary / However, if there were no ads, these media would not be the extent that they are today. They might be more expensive, …Enable me to make friends.Help extend my social network.If 一样此刻时，一样以后时。
托福0430综合写作
托福0430综合写作一、阅读部分。
阅读文章讲了一个关于某种动物栖息地减少的事儿。
就说那个地方本来是这个动物特别美好的家呢。
那里有好多它们爱吃的东西，像那种小虫子啦，还有一些嫩嫩的草之类的。
而且那个栖息地的环境特别适合它们生存，温度啊，湿度啊，都刚刚好，就像为它们量身定制的小窝一样。
可是呢，现在这个栖息地在不断缩小。
主要原因就是人类的活动啦。
人类在那里搞建设，盖房子呀，建工厂呀。
那些大机器轰隆隆的，一下子就把动物们的家给破坏了。
而且人类还会在那里种一些不是本地的植物，这些外来植物可霸道了，把原来动物们吃的那些植物的生存空间都给抢了，搞得那些小动物们都没东西吃了。
还有哦，人类的一些污染行为也对这个栖息地影响很大。
比如说乱排污水，那些脏水把小动物们喝水的地方都给污染了，它们要是喝了那些脏水，肯定会生病的。
这就好像我们人类要是喝了不干净的水，也会肚子疼一样呀。
二、听力部分。
听力里面就不同意阅读的观点啦。
听力里说虽然看起来栖息地是在减少，但是实际上有很多保护措施在进行呢。
比如说有一些专门的保护组织，他们可热心了，一直在努力保护这个栖息地。
这些组织会在栖息地周围设置一些保护区域，不让那些破坏环境的人随便进去。
而且关于那些外来植物的问题，也不是像阅读里说的那么严重。
其实当地政府已经意识到这个问题了，他们采取了一些措施来控制外来植物的生长。
比如派专人去清理那些外来植物，然后再种上本地的植物，这样就又能给小动物们提供食物啦。
还有那个污染的事儿，也有改善的情况哦。
现在有很多新的环保技术，工厂也开始重视这个问题了，他们会处理污水之后再排放。
并且当地居民也很配合，大家都知道这个栖息地对小动物们很重要，所以都在努力减少污染，像不乱扔垃圾之类的。
三、对比分析。
从阅读和听力的内容来看，差别还挺大的呢。
阅读就一直在强调栖息地在减少，都是人类的错，把情况说得特别糟糕。
但是听力呢，就比较乐观，它看到了很多积极的方面，像保护组织的努力、政府的措施还有大家环保意识的提高。
2024年托福写作模板托福考试范文
2024年托福写作模板是一门考察英语能力的重要考试。
随着技术的不断发展，托福考试将会出现一些新的变化，比如说考试形式、考试内容等，这些变化都将会对考生造成一定影响。
接下来，本文将为大家讲解一下2024年托福考试的写作模板及范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
第一部分：独立写作（Independent Writing）独立写作将给出一些话题，请考生就话题进行阐述，支持并解释观点。
这部分共有两个问题，每个问题需要写作一篇文章，时间限制30分钟。
写作模板：第一段：引入话题第二段：阐述观点第三段：提供例子第四段：反面观点的解释第五段：总结观点范例：题目：是否应该让学生早年结交朋友？第一段：介绍话题随着科技的不断发展，很多孩子都通过智能手机上的社交软件来认识朋友，而有些人认为孩子通过社交软件结交友谊并不是一种好的方式。
但我认为我们应该鼓励孩子在早年结交朋友。
第二段：阐述观点孩子在成长过程中需要在智力上和情感上得到支持，朋友能够给他们提供这种支持。
在朋友的陪伴下，孩子将能够更多地了解自己，并有更多的机会去尝试新事物。
结交朋友也有助于帮助孩子学会迎接挑战，解决问题，培养社交能力和协作精神。
社交软件上结交朋友的方式可能会让孩子对网络上的虚拟世界产生过多的兴趣，而这种趋势并不健康。
第三段：提供例子美国一项调查显示，与年轻人相比，中老年人的社交圈子更小，而且孤独感和抑郁症的发病率也更高。
因此，我们应该纠正这种社交关系的问题，其中最重要的一点就是让孩子更多地与现实世界中的朋友建立起良好的社交关系。
在这个过程中，父母和老师都应该给予孩子强大的支持。
第四段：反面观点的解释然而，也有人认为孩子在第一时间结交他人并不是一种好的做法，各种注意力问题、短期快乐症状等负面影响，也会影响孩子的个人成长。
这些担忧是合理的，但是我们仍然不能忽视结交朋友的重要性。
如果我们让孩子远离社交软件，他们可能会无法理解"现实中的朋友是什么样的？"第五段：总结观点尽管在一定程度上与新兴科技有关，但孩子和年轻人之间的社交圈子关系是我们应该认真关注的问题。
托福范文(共15篇)
一、举实例思维短路，举实例!提出一个观点，举实例!提出一个方案，举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子!In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.更多句型：To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example二、做比较方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的;世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点(through comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。
下面是一些短语：相似的比较：in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner相反的比较：on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …托福范文第2篇托福tpo真题写作53作文范文，托福tpo53独立写作independentwriting范文+题目解析是托福考试官方指南（officialguide），tpo21-54 独立写作范文+独立写作批改服务，真题解析，解析，模版解析，文笔分析，写作技巧等，是托福考试官方给出的考试指南。
新东方托福写作满分范文
在新托福写作考试中拿到好分数是每个考⽣的愿望，我们整理了部分新东⽅托福写作满分范⽂供⼤家欣赏和参考，希望同学们能从中获得启发和灵感，创作出优秀的新托福作⽂。
新东⽅托福写作满分范⽂ What discovery in the last 100 years has been most beneficial for people in your country? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. I think the most important discovery that has been the most beneficial for people in my country is the invention of Internet. So far as I can tell, the Internet has been beneficial to people around the globe. My view is a commonsense one, based on the fact that the Web is a vast storehouse of information and opinion, which can be scientific, literary, political, sporting or sexual. Anyone with access to a computer and a dialup connection can unlock the door and trawl through its offerings. The Internet can be used as a broad base of knowledge that contributes to the educational system. Students and teachers benefit from the use of the Internet, as well as administrators and others outside of formal education. Students benefit because the Internet provides a resource to supplemental information for any subject. Educators benefit because the Internet provides a vast knowledge base to prepare for topics. People are not only learning from the Internet, they are contributing and sharing knowledge through networked communities. The Internet is the advancement of education for all its users. Internet can deliver better customer services to people. The Internet is changing the way we do business. Using Internet broadcasting, we are able to target the right audience, prepare and present a technical presentation on a popular topic, interact with new customers, and collect hundreds of highly qualified leads. As Internet companies continue to find innovative ways to leverage the capabilities of the Internet for businesses, the more we will learn how to provide optimal solutions for customers. Which in turn, will greatly benefit people. The Internet today is a way to transfer and share information. On the whole, it is a benefit to individuals of all kinds. We do have problems surrounding the Internet that need to be solved, but as with all new technologies there are debates and opinions. Since the Internet technology is spreading, it will soon become as popular as all other forms of communication. If you have not tried it, do so.以上是编辑整理的新东⽅托福写作满分范⽂，预祝⼤家考试顺利通过，店铺⼀切顺利！。
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新东方内容整理7．11：Writing:A.托福写作主要是注重daily affairs,而不是political issues.注重的是examples,而不是critical thinking and reasoning.是低级写作，而不是高级写作。
注重vocabulary和sentence structure.B. score5：a．Effectively address the topic and task.b. well organized:Structure: IntroductionBody1Body2Body3ConclusionC. unity(切题)，progression(层次)，coherence(连贯，承接词)Firstly, . Theoretically speaking,. For instance,. Moreover, .Briefly, .d．Word choice, syntactic variety词汇的转换：E.g. 好：good better best nice(低级)Excellent, perfect, （中级）Outstanding, brilliant, fantastic, awesome, remarkable,impressive, extraordinary, fabulous （高级）词组的转换：由低级结构向高级结构转化。
陈强调了由adj.+n.向n.+of+n.的转化。
E.g. A man of wisdomAn individual of intelligenceA man of respectA book of deep philosophyA magazine of good salesA flower of beautyPatriotism is the tree of liberty refreshed from time to time with the blood of tyrants and patriots. Thomas JeffersonIt was the best of time, it was the worst of time; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of light, it was the season of darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair. We have everything before us, we have nothing before us; we are all going direct to the heaven, we are all going direct to the other way.句子结构的转换：Sentence: 今天天不好On this cloudy day rises my gloomy mind. 倒装It is the cloudy day that breeds my gloomy mind.强调The cloudy day does contribute to my mind of gloom.强调The cloudy day is the reason to my gloomy mind.主系表There is the gloomy mind of mine from this cloudy.There beTo be honest, the cloudy day actually stimulates my nostalgia, cultivates my gloom over those unfortunate, and cultivates my pity for the suffering of mankind. 主谓宾+ 平行结构下面着重讲了强调句的使用条件和方法：使用条件：出现介词短语时，介词短语提前。
E.g. In the temple lives a monk;In the monk’s heart hides a girl of beauty;From the eyes of the girl rises a true meaning of romance.Go, come, lie, sit, stand, jump, rise, fly, appear, emerge, floatE.g.In the classroom sit 101 students.From the eyes of the students rises the hope of life.In this society appears a public admiration to the celebrities.C(B.点好长啊，都绕不过来了。
)背景综述式的开头：With the growth of social education jumps out a topic of interest, which concentrates on the effectiveness of university education to the students. To be honest, the scale of my judgment will definitely incline toward the benefits of such education. In other words, such a system will stimulate their PI, enlarge their HR and create the priceless basis for their FD. The following examples and reasons will be in favor of my side.同时陈强调了连接词的重要性。
Effectively就是这样体现的。
the scale of my judgment will definitely incline toward the benefits of the latter.（个人认为这句虽然是模板，但很摆，还是放上来。
替代第二板块的。
）又show名人名言了：For our children, for our family, for our homeland, we march! For duty sake, for honor sake, for glory, we march!D.下午主要讲的就是logical thinking。
还有就是很流氓地把一个话题往很多个题目上去扯。
a．按人性分类：Humor, smart, honest, independent, strong mind, confident, brave, diligent, experience, responsibility, morality, cooperation, communicative, logical, creativity, kind, generous, optimistic貌似陈对humour还特别感兴趣：Humour----more communication---exchange of ideas--- deeper thinking----better understanding----…..b.按微观，中观，宏观分类：微观：对自己：IndependenceInterestExperienceKnowledgeMorality中观：对朋友，对同事，对家人：CooperationCommunicationFriendshipFamily宏观：对社会，对国家，对自然，对地球，对生态，对历史发展进程。
ContributionSocial dutyc．对于事物的评价（non-living）3e+csEconomyEfficiencyEnvironmentConvenienceSafetyd.最后一点：凡出现Best, most, always, only, unique, necessary这些绝对化的词语时，一般disagree。
Too much: agree. negative consequences: 对象7.15D. TOPIC SENTENCE:a.模板式：The point of pinnacle importance for my preference focuses on________________. With the first point stands the second demonstrating_________________________. Impressive as the above points are, the third enjoys the same value, stating that __________________________________.Of the top value comes my first point, which highlights .b.递进，顶真，倒装，对比。
Rather than / instead of / however : 使用插入的形式，使语言更具有变化。
E.g.: First of all, personal interest, rather than a dispensable luxury, is thebest teacher of both life and career.E.g.: MJ is fat; he, however ,climbs the tree quickly.The more…,the more…, and thus / consequently / therefore / thereby the more….:使用递进和顶真。
E.g.:Conspicuously, the more knowledge we have, the more experiences we enjoy, and thus better solutions we will reach.因果关系：Give rise to / give birth to / breed / cultivate…表示结果发生。