(完整版)非谓语动词与从句的转换
知识讲解
知识点1：不定式（短语）与从句的关系
1.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作主语，其功能相当于一个主语从句，因此二者之间可以转换。
(1).To be able to help you is really an honor.
(=That I’m able to help you)
(2).He seemed to know the way.
(=It seemed that he knew the way.)
(3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea.
(= It is said that Bush has decided to attack North Korea.)
2.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补，相当于一个宾语从句(1).We still don’t know when and where to build a school.(宾语)
(=when and where we should build a school)
(2).I advised him to go and see the doctor.(宾补)
(=that he should go and see)
(3).He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. .(宾语)
(=That he hadn’t invited her.)
3.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible.
(=that they should leave)
(2).My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding. (=that they can get a good understanding)
4.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作定语.，相当于一个定语从句(1).The question will be discussed at the conference shortly to open in Beijing. (=that is shortly to open in Beijing)
(2).All dead, I was the only one to grow up.
(=that grew up)
5.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作目的．结果状语.，相当于一个目的．结果状语从句(1).He came to the area in order/so as to study the folk music there.
(=in order/so that)
(2).The lady was so excited as not to say a word.
(=so excited that she couldn’t…)
6.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作原因状语.，相当于一个原因状语从句(1).I trembled to think of being punished by the boss.
(=because I though of being punished by the boss)
(2).We were disappointed to have lost the game.
(=that we have lost the game)
知识点2：动名词（短语）与从句的关系
1.【考查点】：动名词（短语）在句中作主语，相当于一个主语从句
(1).Your going away (=That you went away) made the professor angry.
(2).Mary’s not being made monitor (=That Mary was not made monitor ) made us sad. 被动的动名词在句中作主语时一般不能省
(3).Being called a fool(=That he was called a fool) hurt Bob badly.
2.【考查点】：动名词（短语）再句中作宾语或宾补语，相当于一个宾语从句
(1).I remember being taken to Beijing(=that I was taken to Beijing) when I was five.
(2).He admitted having married Mary to a soldier(=that he had married Mary to a soldier).
3.【考查点】：动名词（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).My duty is serving the people heart and soul.
=(that I’ll serve the people heart and soul).
(2).The problem is his not having prepared his lessons for the exam.
=（that he hasn’t prepared his lessons fo r the exam）.
(3).The difficulty is Mary’s being caught between the two trees.
=（that Mary is caught between the two trees）.
4.【考查点】：介词＋动名词（短语），相当于一个从句(1).He was afraid of being scolded by his mistake.
(=that he was…)
(2).He was astonished at her knowing you.
(=that she knew you)
(3).We heard the news of our team having won.
(=that our team had won)
知识点3：分词（短语）与从句的关系
1.【考查点】：分词（短语）作定语，相当于一个定语从句
(1).The hospital was an old building built in 1931(=that was built in 1931).
(2).Do you know the girl standing over there(=who is standing over there)?
(3).The man speaking to us the other day(= who spoke to us the other day) has gone to Japan.
2.【考查点】：分词独立结构，相当于一个状语从句，其中伴随状语多与并列句转换(1).Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow.
(=If weather permits)
(2).The dark clouds having disappeared, the sun shone again.
(=When the dark clouds had disappeared)
(3).The monitor being ill we’d better put the meting off.
(=As the monitor was ill)
(4).Other things being equal(=If other things are equal), I’d b uy the black dress.
(5).Given more time(=If we were given more time), we could have done it better.
(6).He came back, his hands tied to his back(=his hands were tied to his back).
3.【考查点】：分词短语，相当于一个状语从句
(1).On arriving(=As soon as I arrive) there, I’ll telephone you.（时间）
(2).(While)waiting(=While I was waiting )for the bus, I caught sight of her．（时间）
(3).Educated(=As he was educated ) by the party, he became a great fighter.（原因）
(4).Not having received(=Because I hadn’t received an answer, I wrote to him again.（原因）
(5).(If) given(=If we had been given )enough time, e could have done it better.（条件）
(6).(Though) having made(=Though he had made) great achievements, he didn’t pride.(让步)
4.【考查点】：分词短语作状语，可表伴随，结果，相当于and 的并列句，也可和with 转换
(1).He died, leaving his daughter much money.(=and left)
(2).The teacher entered the lab, followed by our students.
(=and he was followed by our students =with us following him=and we followed him)
5.【考查点】：分词短语在句中作宾语或宾语补足语，相当于一个宾语从句
(1).He found the windows broken.(=He found that the windows were broken.)
(2).I felt my heart beating fast at the news of bomb explosion.
(=I felt that my heart was besting fast at the news of bomb explosion)
知识点4：特殊转换
1.【考查点】：动名词复合结构相当于从句
(1).Sophia’s having seen them(=That Sophia had seen them) didn’t surprised us.
(2).I can’t bear his (him) staying up so late(=that he stays up so late).
(3).We encourage students’ living in the school(=that students live in the school).
(4).What was disappointing was our not being able to go for a picnic (that we were not able to go for a picnic).
2.【考查点】：there+being+其他成分
(1).There being nothing to do, we played games.(=Because there was nothing to do) (原因)
(2).They closed the store, there being no customers.(=Because ther was no customers) (原因)
四、例题精析
【例题1】
Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.
A. enter
B. to enter
C. entering
D. entered
【答案】B
【解析】容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词could 就断定此处应填动词原形enter。其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句，即在could 后省略了动词do，若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语(to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。
【例题2】
He knows nothing about it, so he can't help _______ any of your work.
A. doing
B. to do
C. being doing
D. to be done
【答案】B
【解析】容易误选A，根据can't help doing sth 这一结构推出。其实答案应选B。比较以下结构：can't help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事can't help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事
【例题3】
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.
A. not make
B. not to make
C. not making
D. do not make
【答案】B
【解析】容易误选C，受题干中的逗号的影响，认为是现在分词表结果的用法。其实答案应选B，句中的逗号相当于连词and 或but，not to make it more difficult 是对逗号前的不定式to make life easier 的补充说明。此句的意思是"新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易，而不是使生活变得更困难"。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语purpose 的内容。