货运代理经典英语试题
国际货运代理专业英语
1. Scope of …Originally,a freight forward was a commission agent performing on behalf of the export/import route tasks such as loading/unloading of goods,storage of goods,arranging local transport,obtaining payment for his customer,etc..However,the expansion of international trade and the development of different modes of transport over the years that followed enlarged the scope of his services.Today,a freight forwarder plays an import role in international trade and transport.The services that a freight forwarder renders may often range from routine and basic tasks such as the booking of space or customs clearance to a comprehensive package of servicies covering the total transportation and distribution process.(Export) Unless the consignor,the person sending goods,or the consignee,the person receiving goods,wants to attend to any of the procedural（程序上的）and documentary formalities(正式的) himself,it is usually the freight forwarder who undertakes on his behalf to process the movement of goods through the various stages involved.The freight forwarder may provide these services directly or through sub-contractors（转包商）or otheragencies employed by him.He is also expected to utilize,in his connection,the services of his overseas agents.Briefly,these services are：Study the provisions of the letter of credit and all Government regulations applicable to the shipment of goods in the country of export,the country of import,as well as any transit country,he would also prepare all the necessary documents.Pack the goods,taking into account the route,the mode of transport,the nature of the goods and applicable regulations,if any , in the country of export,transit contries and country of destination.Arrange warehousing of the goods,if necessaryWeigh and measure the goodsDraw the consignorˊs attention to the need for insurance and arrange for the insurance of goods,if required by the consignorTransport the goods to the port,arrange for customs clearance,related documentation formalities and deliver the goods to the carrier.Attend to foreigh exchange transactions,if anyPay fees and other charges including freightObtain the signed bills of lading from the carrier and arrange delivery to the consignor Arrange for transshipment en route of necessaryMonitor the movement of goods all the way to the consignee through contacts with the carrier and the forwarderˊs agents abroad.Note damages or losses,if any,to the goodsAssist the consignor in pursuing claims,of any,against the carrier for loss of the goods or for damage to themOn behalf of the consigeeMonitor the movement of good on behalf of the consignee when the consignee controls freight,that is,the cargoReceive and check all relevant documents relating to the movement of the goodsTake delivery of the goods from the carrier and if necessary ,pay the freight costArrange customs clearance and pay duties fees and charges to the customs and other public authoritiesArrange transit warehousing,if necessaryDeliver the cleared goods to the consigneeAssist the consignee,if necessary,in pursuing claims,if any against the carrier for the loss of the goods or any damage to themAssist the consignee ,if necessary,In warehousing and distribution2. Incoterms 2000---major trade termsInternational rules for interpretation of trade termsICC:International Chamber Of CommerceLater amendments and additions were made to it to bring the rules in line with current international trade practices（贸易惯例）,Eeach term specifies whether the buyer or the seller is responsible for arranging such necessary as export license,customs clearance,inspections,and other obligations.They specify at which point the risk of loss and /or damage passes from seller to buyer as well as which party pays for specific activities .A buyer and a seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms,therefore,will have a mutual understanding of their rights,cost,and obligations1. FOB---Free on board―Free on board‖ means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the shipˊs rail at the named port of shipment .This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point.The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export .This term can be used for sea or inland waterway transport.2. CFR---Cost and freight―Cost and freight‖ means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the shipˊs rail in the port of shipment.The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods,as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery,are transferred from the seller to the buyer. The CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.This term can be used only for sea and inland waterway transport..3. CIF---Cost,Insurance and freight―Cost Insurance and freight‖ means that the seller delivers when the goods psss the shipsˊs rail in the port of shipment.The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination BUT the risks of loss of or damage to the goods,as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the tine of delivery ,are transferred from the seller to the buyer.However ,In CIFthe seller also has to procuer insurance against the buyerˊs risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage.Consequently,the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurancepremium.The CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.3. Terms of shipment in the Contracts for the International Sale of goods When buyer and seller discuss the terms of the contract, terms of shipment are compulsory.Terms of shipment inculde methods of trasport , time of shipment,partial shipment and transshipment,port or place of loading and unloading ,shipping documents,etc,Here only time of shipment will be discussed.Time of shipment refers to the time limit for loading the goods on board the vessel at port of shipment ( If shipment is made by sea ).There are several ways of stipulating time of shipment :●Shipment on or about June 20,2002●Shipment not later than July 31st 2002.or latest shipment date:July 31st,2002●Shipment to be made during June/July ,2002●Shipment with 15 days after receipt of remittance.●Shipment with 30 days after receipt of L/C .In order to prevent the buyer from openingthe L/C later ,the export should stipulate at the same time ―The relevant L/C must reach the seller not later than August 20,2002.‖●According to UCP 500, if the experssion ―on or about‖or similar experssions areused,banks will interpert them as a stiulation that shipment is to be made during the period ,from five days before to five days after the specified date,both end days included.For example , if the L/C stipulates that shipment date is ―on or about July 20 ,2002‖. Then the goods can be shipper from July 15 to July 25.The word‖to‖, ―until‖, ―till‖,‖from‖and words of similar expressions applying to any date or period in the credit referring to shipment will be understood to include the date mentioned.The word ―after‖ will be understood to exclude the date mentioned.The terms‖first half‖, ―second half ― of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 15th , and the 16th to the last day of such month, all dates inclusive.The terms ―beginning‖ ,‖middle‖,or ―end‖ of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 10th , the 11th to the 20th ,and the 21st to the last day of such month ,all dates inclusive.When the traders discuss the time of shipment in the contract.1. The export should consider whether he can get the goods ready before the shipmentdate and whether the ship is available if the goods are ready.2. The time of shipment should be stipulated in a clear and flexible way.Stipulation like ―shipment on July 20‖ is clear,but not flexible, if the seller can not get the goods ready befort that, he will break the contract.Expressions such as ―prompt‖, ―innediately‖, ―as soon as possible‖, and the like should not be used .If they are used bankes will disregard them ,If these terms are used,disputes may occur because there is no uniform explanation of these terms.3. Sometimes ,the L/C simply stipulates an expiry date without a shipment date ,which means these two dates are the same ,For example, if the L/C stipulates that the expiry date is July 31st without a shipment date, then the latest shipment date is also july 31st .In this case,the exporter should ship the goods much earlier than july 31st so that he can leave enough time fou himself to get all the documents ready and present the documents to his bank within the validity of the L/C .If the exporter ships the goods on july 31,it is very difficult for him to present the documents to the bank on the same day.3. The Expiry Datea. If the expiry date of the credit and/or the last day of the period of time forpresentation of documents stipulated by the credit falls on a day on which the band to which presentation has to be made is closed,the stipulated expiry date and/or the last day of the period of tine after the date of shipment for presenation of documents, as the case may be ,shall be extended to the first following day on which such bank is open.b. The lastest date for shipment shall not be extended by reason of the extension ofthe expiry date and /or the period of time after the date of shipment for presentation of documents. If no such lastest date for shipment is stipulated in the credit or amendments,banks will not accept transport documents indicating a date of shipment later than the expiry date stipulated in the credit or amendments.4. Marine Cargo Insurance1. Principles of marine cargo insuranceThe marine cargo insurance is based on the principles of insurable interest ,utmost good faith ,and indemnity .No contract of marine insurance is valid unless the assured has an insurable interest in the subject matter insured at the time of loss. Cargo insurance is a contract of indemnity ,that is, to compensate for the loss or damage in terms of the value of the insured goods , The amount insured as agreed between the insurer and the assured forms the basic of indemnity .The principle of utmost good faith is indispensable in any insurance contract .A contract of marine insurance is a contract based upon the utmost good faith ,and ,if the utmost good faith be not observed by either party, the contract may be avoided by the other party .2. Insurance PremiumThe premium is the consideration which the insurers receive from the assured inexchange for their undertaking to pay the sum insured in the event insured against .The general guiding rate of the insurance premium is 1% of the amount insured .The premium rates may vary ,for example , from 0.5% to 2.5% or less depending on factors such as :type of goods ,the contry and distance of destination ,value of the goods ,mode of transportation, the type of risks covered ,container or bulk shipment and type of packing . The minimum amount insured should be the CIF or the CIP value of the goods plus 10%.3. Insurance PolicyInsurance policy is an evidence of insurance contract issued by the insurer or underwrite to the assured .It stipulates each party ˊs rights and responsibilities .The format of insurance policy forms varies from insurer to insurer. Insurance policy or certificate ,and endorsement are the main ones used in daily business. The policy must be issued and signed by an insurance company or its agent . If more than one original is issued and is so indicated in the policy , all the originals must be presented to the bank, unless otherwise anthorized in the letter of credit .4. Types of basic coverageThe basic coverage in PICC Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses is FPA , WA/WPA and All Risks Coverage .（1）Free From Particular AverageThe risks coverd in FPA coverage basically means that only total or constructive total loss of the whole consignment of cargo but no partial loss or damage is recoverable from the insurer resulting from natural calamities , such as heavy weather , lightning , tsunami ,earthquake and flood .Total loss or partial loss is recoverable from the insurer incurred as a result of specific casualties ,e ,g.,collision ,standing siking of the vessel .It also covers general average and salvaing the goods or averting or minimizing a loss recoverable under the policy .（2）With Particular Average (WA / WPA)WA / WPA provides larger cover than FPA since partial loss and damage is recoverable from the insurer resulting from natural calamities ,That is the only difference between WA / WPA and FPA in PICC Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses . （3）All RisksThis type of coverage is the most widely used in the transport of general cargo because it provides better coverage the WA / WPA type .Aside from the risks covered under WA / WPA type , it also provides insurance against all risks of less of or damage to the cargo insured arising from external causes in the course of transit . The All Risks does not cover risks of war , strike and other special additional risks such as failure to delivery , import duty , on deck , rejection ,aflatoxin etc .The general additional risks such as theft , pilferage & non—delivery risks , fresh water and /or rain damage risks shortage risks , intermixture and contamination risks , leakage risks ,clask and breakage risks , taint of odour risks , sweat and heating risks , hook damage risks , breakage ofpacking risks and rust risks are covered in All Risks coverage .5. The Practice Of International Ocean Cargo Transportation1. Transport GeographyAn internationanl freight forwarder should be familiar with international trade routes . He or she should have knowledge of main traffic routes location of ports ,trans—shipment points and inland centres . A freight forwarder shoule also have a general idea of the pattern of international trade and its changing trends .2.1) Conference linesA shipping conference is a group of shiping lines operating in any particular routeunder agreement to provide a scheduled service with a common tariff and a fixed itinerary of ports of call .The purpose of a shipping conference is to eliminate price competition among member lines and reduce outside competition by trying to capture most of the traffic for member lines through loyalty arrangements with shippers .The main advantages of the conference system to shippers are stability of freight rates and regularity of srevices . However , the disadvantages are obvious . Rates are usually high . Rates do not fluctuate accoding to supply and demand as in a tramp service Rules and procedures are inflexible .2) None—conference linesIn recent years , along most international routes , none—conference lines have posed a challenge to the conference system . This is attributable to the development of containerization and emergence of many independent carriers .As a result ,along some routes ,the conference lines have been forced to come to terms with the non—conference lines in regard to rates , and terms and condition of service .3) Non—vessel operating common carrier (NVOCC)An NVOCC is a carrier when operates a regular scheduled service . He does not own or operate the vessels by which sea transportation is provided . Although the NVOCC is a carrier in his relationship with the actual carrier . He is a shipper in his relationship with the actual shipper . He assumes the role of a principal and performs several functions . He assumes responsibility for ocean carriers , both conference and non—conference lines .He renders a useful service by providing grouppage or consolidation services , particularly to small shipper who do not have much bargaining power in nagotiating rates .4) Tramp serviceTramp service has on fixed itinerary or schedule and is operated on any route according to supply and demand Tramp vesseles are usually chartered at negotiated rates , particularly when the quantity of cargo is large .2. Shipping documentsThe documents commonly used in carriage of goods by sea are bills of lading , sea waybills, manifests , shipping notes , delivery orders and mat e′s receipt .The bill of lading by itself is not a contract of carriage as it is signed only by the carrier . Howerever , it provides evidence of contract of carriage . It serves as a receipt for goods delivered to the carrier . Besides , the bill of lading serves as a document of title enabling the goods to be transferred from the shipper to the consignee or any other party by endorsment .A sea waybill is the replacement of the traditional ocean bill of lading . The way billis a non—negotiable document and made out to a named consignee who is allowed , upon production of proper identification , to claim the goods without presenting the waybill .A cargo manifest provides information regarding cargo on board . A freightmanifest gives information regarding freight rates , surcharge ,rebates , etc . The manifest is prepared by the carrie r′s agent , but freight forwarder has to handle it while dealing with the customs and port authorities .A shipping note is issued by the shipper to the carrier requesting allocation ofshipping space . It is a commitment on the part of the shipper to ship the goods and serves as the basis for the preparation of the bill of lading .A delivery order is issued by the carrier or his agent to enable the consignee or hisforwarding agent to take delivery of the cargo (import cargo) from the vessel .A mat e′s receipt is the receipt issued by the carrier in the acknowledgement to thegoods received on board (export cargo)which is subsequently exchanged for the bill of lading .6. Documentary CreditIn international sales transactions different methods of payment are adopted depending mainly upon the relationship between the seller and the buyer . For example , if the seller and buyer know each other and have a long—standing business relationship , they may transact business on trust and the seller may periodically send invoices to the buyer for settlement . Payment may also be made by other methods such as ―cash with order‖ when the buyer sends a cheque or a bank draft with his order , or by ―documentary collection‖ , when the seller sends the buyer in the buye r′s country on the buyers′acceptance or payments , as may be specified in the documents .But in many cases , the seller and the buyer do not know each other and located in countries thousands of miles apart . They are not in a position to conduct their commercial transactions on trust . The seller is reluctant to part with his goods unless he is assured of possession of the goods . In order to reconcile the conflicting interests of both the parties and to provide a mechanism for payment in such situations , the International Chamber of Commerce has evolved what is knowm as ―Documentary Credit‖ . In simple terms , documentary credit means payment against documents instead of against goods . The documents transfer title to the goods .The ―Uniform Customs and Practive for Documentary Credit‖(UCP) Published by the International Chamber of Commerce contains detailed provisions dealing with the operation of documentary credit . It has been accepted and adopted by banks and banking associations throughout the world . It has brought the UCP into line with established and foreseeable practices regarding containerized transport and trade facilitation, the use of electronic data processing and the development of new types of credit like deferred payments and stand—by credits .As the documentary credit is operated through banks , therefore , it has certain advantages to both the seller and buyer : for the seller , it is a bank undertaking to which he can look for payment ; for the buyer , it is a conditional undertaking where payment can be made on his behalf only against the documents which will transfer to him the title to the goods .For practical purpose , assume that a local buyer agrees to buy goods from an overseas seller and under the sales contract , payment is to be made by banker′s letter of credit . To fulfill the contract , the buyer arranges with his bank to open a letter of cerdit for his account in favour of the overseas seller . The buyer is not required to pay for the goods until the arrival of the relevant shipping document . The seller , on receipt of a letter of credit , will have to prepare shipment of the contract goods within the delivery date . Once shipment of the goods is completed , the seller will be able to present all the documents to the negotiating bank for payment under the terms of the credit . The negotiating bank should ensure that the seller′s documents are drawn up in accordance with the credit terms before such documents are paid for and forwarded to the issuing the negotiated documents it will make up a debit note showing the total cost due and request payment from the buyer . Once the buyer accepts that the documents are in compliance with the terms of the letter of credit he must settle the bill in order to obtain the shipping documents so that he will be able to take delivery of the goods from the carrier or its agent . On settlement of the bill , the whole operation of documentary credit will be regarded as completed .8. Marine Bill of Lading---General Introduction1. General Concept of Marine Bills of LadingMarine Bills of lading are used primarily international sales of goods where the carriage of goods is by sea . Definitions of the bill of lading vary from country to country . Broadly , the bill of lading has been defined as receipt for goods shipped of board a ships , signed by the person ( or his agent ) contracts to carry them , and stating the terms on which the goods were delivered to and received by the ship . It is not the actual contract , but forms excellent evidence of the terms of the contract .2. Functions of Marine Bills of LadingMarine bills of lading perform a number of functions . Generally , it is receipt for thegoods shipped , a document of title to the goods and evidence of the terms of the contract of affreightment .A bill of lading is a receipt issued , by a carrier that an identifiable consignment ofgoods has been received by him for shipment , or actually loaded on board his ship .The bill of lading as a receipt willl show the quantity and condition of the cargo loaded ,ship′s name , port of loading , the destination , details of date and so on .A bill of lading is a document of title to the goods . The possession of a bill of lading isequivalent in law to possesion of the goods . The holder of the bill of lading is able to obtain delivery of the goods at the port of destination and during transit the goods can be sold merely by endorsing the bill of lading .Additionally , the terms of the bill of lading provide evidence of the contract of carriage between the carrier and the shipper . The terms of the bill of lading contain the terms of the contract .3. Types of Marine Bills of LadingThere are several forms of bills of lading and these include the following :1) Order of ladingOrder bills are issued by carriers to the order of shipper or conginee . This means that the carrier , shippower , charterer or master will deliver the goods at the port of destination not solely to the named consignee , but so any person designated by him .An order bill of lading is a negotiable document . Order bills made out to consignee ―or order ― can be transferred by them by endorsment .2) Straight Bills of LadingIn contract with the order bills of lading , straight bills are those made out to named consigness without the addition of the word ―or order ― . They are not negotiable and cannot be transferred to third parties . Delivery of goods , thereore , can only be taken by the named consignee .3) Shipped Bills of LadingShipped bills state definitely that the goods have been loaded . It confirms that goods are actually on board the vessel . Most bills of lading forms are printed as shipped bills and commence with the wording :‖shipped in apparent good order and condition .‖4) Received for Shipment Bills of LadingReceived for shipment bills state that the goods have been received for shipment , and do not indicate the actual date of loading . The received for shipment bill of lading grew up because with the development of the liner services it became the custom for the shipowner to receive the cargo some hours or even days before it was actually loaded .5) Direct Bills of LadingDirect bills of lading are those covering shipment between direct ports of lading or discharge .6) Through Bills of LadingThrough bills of Lading cover shipment from or to ports involving transport by two or more shipping or railways companies . The shipping company , for additional freight ,undertakes to make all arrangement to get the goods to their destination .7) Clean Versus Foul Bills of LadingThe clean bill of lading bears an indication that the goods were received without damages , irregularities or short shipment ,usually the words ―apparent good order and condition ―. ―clean on board ― or the like are indicated on the B/LThe foul bill of lading—unclean bill of lading , dirty bill of lading or claused bill of lading –is the opposite of the chean bill of lading . It bears an indication that the goods were received with damages , irregularities or short shipment , usually the words ― unclean on board ―or the like are indicated on the B/L , for example , ― insufficient padking ―,‖missing safety seal ― and ―one carton short ―.9.Marine Bills of Lading ( 2 )--Making and signing ofA marine bill of lading can be drawn up in a variey of ways , but it is nearly always prepared on a pre—printed form .whatever its form , a bill of lading may contain some main elements ,such as quantity of cargo ,accurate cargo description and condition ,date of the bill of lading ,names of shipper and consignee , ports of lading and discharging , ship′s name,terms and conditions of carriage and payment of freight.The shipp′s port agent , in fact , may be given the task of drawing up bills of lading .If there are subsequently required for letter of credit transactions , it is useful that the agent be supplied with appropriate details of that letter of credit so that all relevant material can be included in the wording .The main parties on a bill of lading are shipper,Conssignee. Notify Party and Carrier . The shipper is the person , usually the exporter , who sends the goods .Consignee refers to the person entitled to take delivery of the goods . Carrier is the person or company who has concluded a contract with the shipper for carriage of goods . Notify party is the party that the carrier must notify when the goods arrive at the port of destination . The carrier issues an Arrival Notice informing the Notify Party about the cargo discharge point , number of packages and other information.It is important to the date bills of loding correctly ,and as per the date on which the cargo is actually loaded . Cargo quantity and condition should also be adequately and correctly described in the bills of lading . Relevant comments should be entered in either tally or mate′s receipts , and thereafter in bills of lading .2. Issuing Marine Bills Of LadingAll bills should be signed by either shipping company or by a duly authorised agent .If time does not permit the ship′s master to sign the bills , a letter is usually dra wn up giving the port agent appropriate authority to sign bills of lading . The bill of lading must show how many signed originals were issued .The oringinals are marked as ―original ―on their face and all have equal value , that is , all have the same validity .The purpose of issuing more than one original is to ensure that the port of destination will receive the original when dispatched separately . The original B/ ;L are proof of ownership of goods , one of which must be surrendered to the carrier at destination , duly endorsed by the title holder in the goods in exchange for the goods or。
全国国际货运代理考试《货代英语》试卷及答案
一．单项选择题1. In international trade, redemption of documents under L/C operations means that ( B ).A. the beneficiary must pay the proceeds in order to get documents from the bankB．the applicant must pay the proceeds in order to get documents from the bankC．the beneficiary must tender the document to the bank in order to get the goodsD．the applicant must tender the document to the bank in order to get the goods2. The seller had made a sales contract with the buyer under the CFR term, therefore the scope of freight forwarder’s service on behalf of the seller normally does not include ( A )A. arranging import customs clearanceB．delivering the goods to the carrier at the port of shipmentC．arranging export customs clearanceD．booking space with the marine carrier3. According to INCOTERMS 2000, ( B ) means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named place of destination and also to procure insurance for the goods during the carriage.A. CPTB．CIPC．CFRD．CIF4. According to UCP 600, the term “shipment to be made at the middle of May” in the letter of credit shall be construed as ( A )A. from the 11th to the 20th of MayB．from the 15th to the 25th of MayC．from the 10th to the 20th of MayD．from the 16th to the 31st of May5. The All Risks in PICC Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses does not cover the risks of ( C )A. shortageB．rain damageC．import dutyD．taint of odour6. The vessel’s cubic capacity is usually stated both in grain capacity and in bale capacity. The ( B ) is the volume of a vessel’s hold to carry packaged dry cargo such as pallets, boxes, cartons etC．A. grain capacityB．bale capacityC．gross tonnageD．net tonnage7. The documents commonly used in carriage of goods by sea are bills of lading, sea waybills, cargo manifests, booking notes and delivery orders etC．Please point out the ( A ) are issued by the shippers or their agents.A. booking notesB．delivery ordersC．sea waybillsD．cargo manifests8. According to UCP600, the commercial invoice must be made out in the same currency as the ( C ).A. bill of ladingB．sale contractC．letter of creditD．insurance policy9. Please point out which of the following expressions is not the characteristics of settlement by letters of credit. ( D )A. L/C is a self-sufficient instrumentB．L/C is a document transactionC．The issuing bank’ s liabilities for paymentD．L/C is a cargo transaction10. In international air cargo transportation, ( A ) are rates which are applicable to any types of air cargo .A. General Cargo RateB．Class RatesC．Bulk Unitization RateD．Specific Commodity Rates11. The CMR convention is the convention on contract for international carriage of goods by road, according to the CMR, the carrier is responsible for ( D ).A. any wrongful act of the consignorB．inherent vice of the goodsC．neglect of the consignorD．omission of carrier’s servants12. Establishing only one agency to deal with is one of advantages in multimodal transport operation, her agency means ( C ).A. agent of cargo ownerB．agent of shipownerC．MTOD．broker13. In most supply chains, customer requirements are transmitted in the form of ( A ).A. orderB．inventory C transportD．warehousing14. ( B ) is a lump sum rate for the carriage of a container loaded with a particular commodity in marine container transportation.A. CIFB．CBRC．BAFD．CAF15. The marine bill of lading is one of the most of important documents in marine cargo transport and it serves as ( B ).A. contract of carriage of goods by seaB．evidence of contract of carriage of goods by seaC contract of carriage of goods by airD．evidence of contract of carriage of goods by air二．判断题16. One of the WTO basic functions is to implement, administer, and carry out IMF Agreement and it annexes. ( B )17. The forwarders take delivery of the goods from the consignor and issue the document of Forwarder’s Certificate of Receipt to the consignor. In this case the forwarders are also considered to be the agent of the consignor. ( A )18. The “beginning of a month” has the similar expression as “first half of a month” in the credit referring to shipment according to UCP600. ( B )19. UCP 600 applies to all letters of credit no matter weather it is expressly mentioned or not in the text of the L/C ( B ).20. An irrevocable confirmed documentary credit is one that contains the guarantee of payment to the beneficiary by both the issuing bank and confirming bank so long as the terms as condition of the credit are met. ( A )21. The charterers retain the property in bunkers which have been supplied and paid for by shipowner on board the vessel during the period of voyage charter. ( B )22. The sea waybill serves as same functions as marine bill of lading used in carriage of goods by rail and road and who is allowed, upon production of proper identification, to claim the goods without presenting the sea waybill. ( B )23. Both order bill of lading and straight bill of lading can be transferred to the third party by endorsement. ( B )24. The port clearance means that the cargo owner has got the permission of the customs authorities for import or export cargo. ( A )25. Under CMR convention, the carrier is responsible for loss of or damage to the goods occurring between the goods loaded on board the ship and the time of delivery at discharging port. ( B )26. The risk covered in FPA, WPA and All Risk in PICC Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses are not the same but all of them cover loss or damage caused by the intentional act of the InsureD．( B )27. Consolidation can not only benefit exporters, shippers and forwarders but also benefit carriers, because the carrier can take advantage of the FCL tariff rates. ( A )28. In international air cargo transportation, Specific Commodity Rate are only applicable to named types of cargo. ( A )29. According to INCOTERMS 2000, FCA may not be used for sea and inland waterway transport. ( B )30. A sound inventory is a primary responsibility of logistical management since a firm’s facility structure is used to ship products and materials to customers. ( B )三．多项选择题31. When the freight forwarder packs the goods in behalf of the exporter, he should take into account ( A B C ).A. the mode of transportB．the nature of the goodsC．the applicable regulationD．the route of transport32. According to INCOTERMS 2000, the following trade terms ( A D ) mean that the sellers must arrange goods transportation from port of shipment to the named port of destination.A. CFRB．FCAC．FOBD．CIF33. PICC Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses such as FPA, WPA and All Risk do not cover loss of or damage to cargo caused by ( B D ),A. fire or explosionB．fall of market priceC．sinking of the vesselD．delay in transit34. Currently, different types of multimodal transport operations involving different combination are taking place. The following combinations ( B C ) are involving rail transport.A. sea/airB．mini-bridgeC．land bridgeD．air/road35. In marine voyage chartering business, the shipowner is responsible for costs such as ( AB ).A. bunkerB．port chargesC．freightD．demurrage36. A beneficiary refers to the party in whose favor an L/C is opened．It usually refers to the ( A C ).A. buyerB．sellerC．importerD．exporter37. Normally the banks will not accept the marine bills of lading which contained the following words ( B C D ).A. apparent good order and conditionB．insufficient packingC．one carton shortD．missing safety seal38. There are some risks in multilateral trade. They mainly include economic risks and political risks. The economic risks include ( A B C D ).A. risk of insolvency of the buyerB．risk of exchange rateC．risk of failure of payment by buyerD．risk of non-acceptanceparing with UCP500, the major changes introduced by the UCP600 include ( A C ).A. the banks now have a maximum of five banking days for the examination of documentsB．the banks now have a maximum of seven banking days for the examination of documents C．Bs/L may now allow transshipmentD．Bs/L may not allow transshipment40.Please point out which of the following statements are not right. ( B D )A. inventory is one of areas of logistical workB．inventory is not one of areas of logistical workC．facility network is one of areas of logistical workD．facility network is not one of areas of logistical work四．完型填空The use of containers, which started more than 40 years ago, in intercontinental traffic is now available in most sea cargo transport worldwide. The unit ( 41 C ) is used to express the relative number of containers based on the equivalent length of a 20’ container. The ( 42 A ) container service broadly means that the whole container received by the carrier is pac ked at the shipper’s or the forwarder’s premises, and the delivery of that same whole container to the consignees. The ( 43 B ) container service broadly means that the whole container received by the carrier is packed at the shipper’s or the forwarder’s p remises, and that same whole container is emptied at the carrier’s container freight station at the port of destination. The ( 44 D ) broadly means that the delivery of the loose cargo to the carrier’s freight station at the port of origin is packed into t he whole container, and the delivery of that same whole container to the consignees. The ( 45 C ) container service broadly means that the delivery of the loose cargo to the carrier’s container freight station at the port of origin is packed into the whole container, and that same whole container is emptied at the carrier’s freight station at the port destination.41 A.30FTB．FEUC．TEUD．10FT42 A.CY/CY 来源：考试大B．CY/CFSC．CFS/CFSD．CFS/CY43 A.CY/CYB．CY/CFSC．CFS/CFSD．CFS/CY44 A. CY/CYB．CY/CFSC．CFS/CFSD．CFS/CY45 A. CY/CYB．CY/CFSC．CFS/CFSD．CFS/CYAccording to China Maritime Code, unless notice of loss or damage is given in writing by theconsignee to the carrier at the time of delivery of the goods by the ( 46 A ), such delivery shall be deemed to be ( 47 B ) of the delivery of the goods by the carrier as described in the transport documents and of the apparent good order and condition of such goods. Where the loss of or damage to the goods is not apparent, the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply if the consignee has not given the notice in writing within ( 48 A ) from the next day of the delivery of the goods, or, in the case of containerized goods, within ( 49 D ) from the next day of the delivery thereof. The notice in writing regarding the loss or need not be given if the state of the goods has, ( 50 A ), been the subject of a joint survey or inspection by the carrier and the consignee.46. A. carrier to the consigneeB．shipper to the consigneeC．consignee to the carrierD．consignee to the shipper47. A. conclusive evidenceB．prima facie evidenceC．absolutely evidenceD．evidence of contract48. A. three consecutive daysB．five consecutive daysC．seven consecutive daysD．ten consecutive days49. A. 1 dayB．3 daysC．7daysD．15days50．A. at the time of deliveryB．at the time of shipmentC．at the time of arrivalD．at the time of loading英语试题参考答案II一．英译汉1. Exchange Control 汇兑控制2. International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织3. Multilateral Trade Negotiation 多边贸易谈判4. Documentary Formalities 文件手续5. Commercial Invoice 商业发票6. Facility Network 设施网络7. Irrevocable Documentary Credit 不可撤销的信用证8. Non-vessel Operating Common Carrier 无船承运人9. Grain Capacity 散装容积10. Insurance Policy 保险单11. At the time of shipment of dangerous goods, the shipper shall, in compliance with the regulations governing the carriage of such goods, have them properly packed, distinctly marked and labeled and notify the carrier in writing of their proper description, nature and the precautions to be taken. In case the shipper fails to notify the carrier or notified him inaccurately, the carriermay have such goods landed, destroyed or rendered innocuous when and where circumstances so require, without compensation. The shipper shall be liable to the carrier for any loss, damage or expense resulting from such shipment.在运输危险品的时候，托运人应按照运输此类货物的规定，适当的包装、清晰的唛头和挂标示并以书面的方式，通知承运人有关货物的正确名称、性质和预防措施。
货代考试真题及答案货代英语
货代考试真题及答案货代英语文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]2014年货代考试真题及答案《货代英语》一．单项选择题1. There are some risks in multilateral trade. They mainly include economic risk and political risks. Economic risk do not include the risk of ( D ).A．insolvency of the buyerB．failure of payment by buyerC．exchange rateD．confiscation of the importer’s company2. the scope of freight forwarder’s service on behalf of the consignor normally does not include ( A ) when the consignor has made a sales contract with the buyer under the FOB terms A．arranging cargo insurance for sea carriageB．taking delivery of the goods to the carrierC．arranging export customs clearanceD．packing the goods3. According to INCOTERMS 2000,（B ）means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail at the named port of shipments. A．FCAB．FOBC．DDPD．CPT4. According to UCP600, if the L/C stipulates that shipment date is “on or about May 15, 2009”, the goods can be shipped ( C ). A．from the 1st to the 30thB．from the 15th to the 30thC．from the 10th to the 20thD．from the 1st to the 15th5. The All Risks in PICC Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses does not cover the risks of ( C ).A．heavy weatherB．earthquakeC．strikeD．hook damage6. Which of the followings best indicates the total quantity of cargo the vessel loaded? ( D )A．Net tonnageB．registered tonnageC．Gross tonnageD．Deadweight7. ( B ) service has no fixed itinerary or schedule and is operated on any route according to supply and demand oA．LineB．TrampC．NVOCCD．Non-conference lines8. According to UCP600, bill of lading may now allow ( D ) provided that the entire carriage is covered by one and the same bill of lading.A．after the expiry date of creditB．after the date of shipmentC．partial shipmentD．transshipment9. Which of the followings is one of the characteristics of settlement by letters of credit? ( B )A．seller’s liabilities for paymentB．L/C is a document transactionC．buyer’s liabilities for paymentD．L/C is a cargo transaction10. When the charterer uses more time than time stipulated in a voyage C/P to load his cargo, the ship- owner is entitled to ( C ). A．overtimeB．dispatchC．demurrageD．deadfreight11. The CMR convention is the convention on contract for International carriage of goods by road, according to CMR, the carrier is not responsible for ( C ).A．neglect of his servantsB．neglect of the persons whose services he makes use ofC．neglect of the consignorD．omissions of the agents12. To the individual consignor, the consolidator is the ( B ). A．agentB．carrierC．consigneeD．broker13. In designing a logistical system, a delicate balance must be maintained between transportation cost and ( C ).A．managementB．information flowC．service qualityD．service quantity14. ( B ) is a lump sum rate for the carriage of a container loaded with a particular commodity in marine container transportation. A．CIFB．CBRD．CAF15. The sea waybill is one of the documents in cargo transport andit serves as ( B ).A．evidence contract of carriage of goods by railB．evidence contract of carriage of goods by seaC．evidence contract of carriage of goods by roadD．evidence contract of carriage of goods by air二．判断题16. One of the WTO basic functions is to act as a forum for ongoing multilateral trade negotiations. ( A )17. The forwarders should always book space with the selectedcarrier on behalf of the consignor when the consignor had made a sales contract with the buyer under the FOB term. ( B)18. According to UCP600, the commercial invoice must be made out in the same currency as the L/C．( A )19. According to INCOTERMS 2000, FCA means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by the seller at the named place. ( B )20. Sight credits mean that the issuing bank effects payment or negotiation immediately upon receipt of the drafts and/or other documents that are in conformity with the credit stipulations ( A )21. During the period of time charter, the charterer is liable for cost directly connected with the use of the ship, such as bunker costs, crew wages and provisions. ( B )22. When the L/C simply stipulates an expiry date without a shipment date, which means these two dates are the same. ( A )23. According to UCP600, data in a document must not conflict with data in any other stipulated document or the L/C．( A )24. Straight B/L are those covering shipments between direct ports of loading and discharge. ( B )25. BAF,CAF and port congestion surcharges are normally levied by the port authorities in marine container transportation. ( B )26. Institute Cargo Clauses C covers loss of or damage to cargo caused by earthquake.( B )27. Multimodal transport can reduce the risk of loss of or damage to cargo. ( B )28. In international air cargo transportation, Special Commodity Rates are only applicable to named types of cargo, therefore they are always much higher than General Cargo Rates. ( B )29. According to Incoterms 2000, CFR means that the risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship’s rail at the named port of destination. ( B )30. Network design is a primary responsibility of logistical management since a firm facility structure is used to ship products and materials to customers. ( A )三．多项选择题31. Whn the freight forwarder provides services on behalf of the exporter, he would study the provisions of the L/C and all Government regulations applicable to the shipment of goods in the ( A B C ).A．ountry of exportB．country of importC．transit countryD．all countries32. According to INCOTERMS 2000, the groups of following trade terms ( A ) can be used for sea and inland waterway transport. ( ) A．CFR/CIFB．CPT/CIPC．FOB/FCAD．CIF/CIP33. Institute Cargo Clause B covers loss of or damage to cargo caused by( A B C D ).A．fire or explosionB．volcanic eruptionC．collision of vesselD．lightning34. Currency, difference types of multimodal transport operation involving different combination are taking place. The following combination are involving sea transport. ( A C ).A．sea/airB．rail/roadC．land bridgeD． air/road35. In marine time chartering business, the charterer is responsible for costs such as ( A B C ).A．bunkerB．port chargesC．canal tollsD．provisions36. An applicant is the party who applies to the bank for opening a letter of credit. It usually refers to the ( A C ) in the sales contract.A．buyerB．sellerC．importerD．exporter37. Normally the marine bills of lading contain some main elements such as ( A B C ).A．port of loading and dischargeB．date of issuanceC．payment of freightD．time of delivery38. The words ( A B D ) applying to any date or period in the credit referring to shipment will be understood to include the date mentione．A．untilB．fromC．afterD．to39. Confirmed documentary credit is one that contains the guarantee of payment to the beneficiary by the ( B C ).A．buyerB．issuing bankC．confirming bankD．advising bank40. Please point out which of the following statements are right. ( A C )A．Order processing is one of areas of logistical work.B．Order processing is not one of areas of logistical work. C．Transportation is one of areas of logistical work D．Transportation is not one of areas of logistical work四．完形填空题The ( 41 A - voyage chartering ) means that the shipowner promises to carry on board a specific ship a particular cargo for a single or several voyages from one or more loading ports to one or more discharging ports. The payment paid by the charterer to the ship owner for cargo transport by sea is called ( 42 D - freight) and the contact made by ship owner and charterer is called a voyage charter party. Under a voyage charter party, the actual operation of the vessel is left to the ( 43 C - shipowner ). There are the provision for the ( 44 B ), demurrage and dispatch money etc., in the voyage charter. There are more standard forms of voyage charter parties than any other form of contract of carriage. ( 45 D - GENCON) is the most popular and widely used general purpose voyage charter party ona global basis for numerous types of cargoes.41. A．voyage charteringB．time charteringC．bareboad charteringD．TCT42. A．commissionB．deadfreightC．hireD．freight43. A．agentB．brokerC．shipownerD．charterer44. A．deliveryB．laytimeC．off-hireD．redelivery45. A．BALTIMEB．BARECONC．NYPED．GENCONAccording to China’s Maritime Code, the responsibilities of the carrier with regard to the ( 46 B - containerized goods ) covers the entire period during which the carrier is in charge of the goods, starting from the time the carrier has taken over the goods at the ( 47 A - port of loading ), until the goods have been delivered at the ( 48 B - port of discharge ). The responsibility of the carrier with respect to ( 49 A - non-containerized goods ), covers theperiod during which the carrier is in charge of the goods, starting from the time of loading of the goods onto the ship until the time the goods are discharged (50 D - from the ship ). During the period the carrier is in chare of the goods, the carrier shall be liable for the loss of or damage to the goods.46. A．non-containerized goodsB．containerized goodsC．bulk goodsD．dangerous goods47. A．port of loadingB．port of dischargeC．ship’s railD．alongside ship48. A．port of loadingB．port of dischargeC．ship’s railD．alongside ship49. A．non-containerized goodsB．containerized goodsC．bulk goodsD．dangerous goods50. A．from container yardB．from CFSC．from the doorD．from the ship英语试卷II一．英译汉1. L/C 信用证2. Booking Space 订舱3. Inland Waterway Transport 内河运输4. IATA 国际航空运输协会5. Order Processing 订单处理6. CAF 货币贬值附加费7. Inherent Vice of the Goods 货物的内在缺陷8. UCP 跟单信用证统一惯例9. Document of Title 所有权证书, 物权证书10. GENCON Form 金康租约格式二．汉译英1. 国际贸易 International Trade2. 货运代理人 Freight Forwarder3. 货物灭失或损坏 Cargo Loss or Damage4. 物流管理 Logistics Management5. 路桥运输 Land Bridge Transportation6. 推定全损 Constructive Total Loss7. 保险凭证 Insurance certificate8．不可撤销信用证 Irrevocable Letter of Credit9. 记名提单 Straight Bill of Lading10. 提货单 Delivery Order一．英文单证操作题SALES CONTRACTCONTRACT NO.: CH2010501DATE: FEBRUARY 15，2010THE SELLERS: SHANGHAI AAA IMPORT AND EXPORT CO., LTD．THE BUYERS: SINGAPORE BBB TRADING CO., LTD．GOODS: 100% COTTON SHIRTQUANTITY: 200 CARTONS OF 40PCS EACH, TOTAL WEIGHT 20000KGS, TOTAL MEASUREMENT 28 CBMPRICE TERMS: CIF SINGAPORE USD2000 EACH CARTONAMOUNT: USD400,000.-TIME OF SHIPMENT: TO BE SHIPPED ON OR ABOUT APRIL 10，2010 LOADING AND DISCHARGE PORTS: FROM SHANGHAI, CHINA TO SINGAPORE PARTIAL SHIPMENT AND TRANSSHIPMENT: NOT ALLOWEDINSURANCE: TOBE EFFECTED BY THE SELLER FOR 110 PCT OF CIF VALUE AGINST ALL RISKS AND WAR RISK AS PER CIC OF THE PICC DATED01/01/1981TERMS OF PAYMENT: THE BUYER SHALL OPEN THROUGH A BANK ACCEPTALE TO THE SELLER AN IRREVOCABLE SIGHT LETTER OF CREDIT TO REACH THE SELLER 30 DAYS BEFORE THE SHIPMENT AND TO REMAIN VALID FOR NEGOTIATION IN CHINA UNTIL THE 15TH DAY AFTER THE FORESAID TIME OF SHIPMENT根据上述所提供的国际货物买卖合同主要条款，对信用证和托运单的内容进行审核，将错误的项目划掉，并填写正确的内容。
国际货代英语：货运代理选择题及答案
⼀、不定向选择题(答案可能只有⼀个，或者多个) 1.A consignor refers to the person who goods.A. receivesB. attends toC. sendsD.takes delivery of 答案：C 2. It is usually the who issues relevant documents such as the Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt, the Forwarders’Certificate of Transport, etc.A. consignorB. consigneeC. freight forwarderD. carrier 答案：C 3. Foreign exchange transactions, if any, are usually attended by the as well.A. commission agentB. exporterC. importerD. freight forwarder 答案：D 4. A freight forwarder originally was a(n) performing on behalf of the exporter/importer routine tasks.A. importerB. exporterC. shipperD. commission agent 答案：D 5. A freight forwarder shall take into account the route, the mode of transport and applicable regulations, if any, in theA. country of exportB. country of destinationC. country of transshipmentD. transit countries 答案：ABD 6. A freight forwarder, on behalf of the exporter, is expected to A. take delivery of the goods B. pay the freight costs C.arrange transit warehousing D.arrange customs clearance 答案：ABCD 7.Which of the following services are performed by the forwarder on behalf of the import . A. Monitor the movement of goods B. check the relevant documents C. Arrange import customs clearance D. Weigh and measure the goods. 答案：ABC 8. If there is damage of goods during shipment, the freight forwarder will on behalf of exporter. A. Note damages B. Pay fees to insurer C. Assist exporter in pursuing claims. D. Arrange for the insurance of goods. 答案：AC。
货代英语试题及答案讲解
货代英语试题及答案讲解一、选择题1. What does "FOB" stand for in international trade?A. Free On BoardB. Free of BoardB. Free of ChargeD. Full of Benefits答案：A. Free On Board2. The term "LCL" in shipping refers to:A. Less than Container LoadB. Large Container LoadC. Limited Container LoadD. Long Container Load答案：A. Less than Container Load3. Which of the following is NOT a document typically required for exporting goods?A. Commercial InvoiceB. Bill of LadingC. Packing ListD. Receipt of Payment答案：D. Receipt of Payment二、填空题4. The abbreviation "TEU" stands for _______.答案：Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit5. When a shipment is described as "CIF", it means the seller is responsible for _______.答案：Cost, Insurance, and Freight三、简答题6. What are the main responsibilities of a freight forwarder in the logistics process?答案：A freight forwarder is responsible for organizing and managing the transportation of goods from the point of origin to the final destination. This includes arranging for the necessary documentation, booking space on a vessel or aircraft, and ensuring the goods are properly loaded and secured for transport.四、翻译题7. 将以下句子翻译成英文：- 我们提供门到门的物流服务。
国际货代英语
《国际货代英语》考试试卷【A卷】考试班级：09国贸ABCD班（考试时间：14︰00—15︰00）注意事项一、国际货代英语试卷包括单项选择题、多项选择题、判断题、完型填空题，英汉互译题、英文单证操作题。
二、答题说明请将自己的姓名、班级，学号写在“答题卡”相应的位置上，写在试卷上的答案一律作废。
一、单项选择题（每题1分，共20分。
单项选择题的答案只能选择一个，多选不得分）1、The scope of freight forwarder’s service on behalf of consignors includes（）. A．booking space with exporter B．paying the freight to the exporter C．arranging export customs clearance D．booking space with the insurer2、According to INCOTERMS 2000, the “optional port” should be provided at most . A．4 B. 3 C．2 D．53、According to UCP500, the terms “beginning”of a month in the letter of credit shall be construed as（）.A．from the 1st to the last day of the monthB．from the 1st to the 15th of the monthC．from the 1st to the 10th of the monthD．from the 1st to the 5th of the month4、Which of the following insurance coverage means “一切险”? （）A．W A B．FPA C．A.R. D．Short Risk5. The Ch inese word “发票”is translated as（）.A. invoiceB. draftC. bill of ladingD. waybill6．Documentary credit means payment against _______instead of against _______.A. goods …documentsB. documents … goodsC. documents ...acceptanceD. Acceptance ... documents7．A freight forwarder is also calledA. exporterB. an importerC. a commission agentD. a customer8、Which of the following terms on the B/L shows that the Bill of Lading is clean B/L?（）A．insufficient packing B．one carton shortC．in apparent good order and condition D．missing safety seal9、The number of original AWB required by the L/C may be expressed as （）.A．3 originals and 3 copiesB．3 originals 6 copiesC．3 originals, 6 copies and 3 extra copies.D．6 originals and all should be given to the bank10. The person who is sending goods is named asA. the consignorB. consigneeC. the forwarderD. the captain11、The container transport is a kind of transport method.A．new B. traditionalC．old D．future12. Nowadays, in international transport there are mainly two kinds of container being applied:equivalent unit and equivalent unit.A. twenty-foot ; forty-footB. twelve-foot; forty-footC. forty-foot ; sixty-footD. twenty-foot; eight-foot13. What does L/C stands for?A．Letter of Credit B．Freight CostC．Mode of transport D．Bill of Lading14、The rate of FAK refers to（）.A．freight for class B．freight of all kindsC．weight/measure rate D．all inclusive rate15、CIF does not include .A．cost B．insurance C. freight D．tax16. means that the seller delivers when the goods pass over the ship’s rail at the named port of shipment.A. FOBB. CIFC. FCAD.CPT17. If the L/C stipulates that the expiry date is August 12, 2004, without a shipment date, then the latest shipment date is .A. August 11, 2004B. August 12, 2004C. August 13, 2004D. August 14, 200418. Commercial invoice is simply provided by the on its own form.A. buyerB. sellerC. opening bankD. carrier19. If the consignee is required to be filled with “空白抬头”，then should be putthere.A. to orderB. to bearerC. to the order of the shipperD. a blank20. Presently the airway bills used by different airline companies worldwide are basically .A. the sameB. differentC. negotiableD. changeable二、判断题（每题1分，共10分。
货代英语期末考试试题
货代英语期末考试试题### 货代英语期末考试试题一、词汇与短语翻译（每题2分，共20分）1. 货代公司2. 集装箱3. 报关4. 货物跟踪5. 船期表6. 货物保险7. 海运8. 空运9. 货物清关10. 物流链二、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. What does "FOB" stand for in international trade terms?A. Free on BoardB. Freight on BoardB. Cost and FreightD. Delivered at Place2. Which of the following is not a type of cargo?A. General cargoB. Bulk cargoC. Liquid cargoD. Virtual cargo3. What is the primary responsibility of a freight forwarder?A. To manufacture goodsB. To transport goodsC. To arrange the transportation of goodsD. To sell goods4. In which mode of transportation does the term "laycan" commonly apply?A. Road transportB. Rail transportC. Air transportD. Sea transport5. What does "CIF" mean in international trade?A. Cost, Insurance, and FreightB. Cost, Insurance, and Freight paidC. Cost, Insurance, and Freight to be paidD. Cost, Insurance, and Freight included三、完形填空（每题1分，共20分）In the world of freight forwarding, it is crucial to understand the various terms and their meanings. For example, when a company is looking to 1 goods overseas, they will need to find a reliable freight forwarder. This company will 2 all the necessary paperwork, including customs clearance and insurance. They will also 3 the best shipping method, whether it be by sea, air, or land. It is important to note that the freight forwarder is responsible for 4 the goods from thepoint of origin to the final destination, ensuring that all regulations are 5.四、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）Read the following passage and answer the questions:Freight forwarding is a critical component in the logistics industry. It involves organizing and managing the shipment of goods from one place to another. A freight forwarder acts asan intermediary between the shipper and various carriers.They take care of the documentation, customs clearance, andthe actual transportation of the goods.1. What is the role of a freight forwarder?2. Why is documentation important in freight forwarding?3. What are the different modes of transportation a freight forwarder might arrange?五、写作（共30分）Write an essay on "The Importance of Freight Forwarding in Global Trade." Discuss the following points:- The role of freight forwarding in facilitatinginternational trade.- The challenges faced by freight forwarders.- The impact of technology on the freight forwarding industry. 注意：请在规定时间内完成试题，确保答案准确无误。
货运英语面试题及答案
货运英语面试题及答案1. What does the term "FOB" stand for in shipping?FOB stands for "Free On Board," which is a term used in shipping to indicate the point at which the responsibilityfor the goods passes from the seller to the buyer.2. Explain the difference between "LCL" and "FCL" in cargo shipping.LCL stands for "Less than Container Load," which refers to shipping goods that do not fill an entire container. FCL stands for "Full Container Load," which means the goods fill an entire shipping container.3. What is the role of a freight forwarder in the shipping process?A freight forwarder acts as an intermediary between the shipper and the carrier, organizing the logistics of moving goods from the point of origin to the final destination. They handle documentation, customs clearance, and other shipping requirements.4. How do you calculate the cubic capacity of a cargo?The cubic capacity of a cargo is calculated by multiplying the length, width, and height of the cargo. The formula is: Cubic Capacity = Length (m) x Width (m) x Height (m).5. What is the meaning of "ETA" and "ETD" in shipping terminology?ETA stands for "Estimated Time of Arrival," which is the expected date and time a shipment will arrive at its destination. ETD stands for "Estimated Time of Departure," which is the expected date and time a shipment will leave its point of origin.6. Describe the process of container stuffing.Container stuffing is the process of loading cargo into a shipping container. It involves placing the cargo carefully to maximize space, secure the items, and ensure the container is ready for transport.7. What are the common types of shipping documents?Common types of shipping documents include the Bill of Lading, Commercial Invoice, Packing List, Certificate of Origin, and Insurance Policy.8. How does the Incoterms 2020 update affect international trade?The Incoterms 2020 update provides a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms in contracts for the sale of goods. It includes changes to existing terms and introduces new terms to reflect the current practices in international trade.9. What is the purpose of a Bill of Lading?A Bill of Lading is a legal document that serves as a contract of carriage between the shipper, carrier, and receiver. It lists the details of the cargo, the terms of the shipment, and acts as a receipt for the goods.10. Explain the term "Dead Freight" in shipping.Dead Freight refers to the cost incurred by a shipper or carrier when a container or vessel is not fully utilized, resulting in wasted space and reduced efficiency. It is the charge for the unused space.。
国际货代考试货代英语选择题精选100题
国际货代考试"货代英语"选择题精选100题1．Which of the following costs are payable by the charterer under a time charter party．〔C〕A．capital cost and demurrageB．hull insurance and port chargesC．port charges and bunker costsD．wages of crew and hull insurance2．Laytime and demurrage clauses normally appeared in the____ Charter Party．〔B〕A．timeB．voyageC．bareboatD．TCT3．Which of the following costs are payable by the ship－owner under a time charter party" 〔C〕A．bunker costsB．loading costsC．hull insuranceD．port charges4．TCT means that the charterer employs a vessel on the basis of____ for one or two voyages．〔A〕A．time charteringB．voyage charteringC．bareboat charteringD．COA5．In which of the following chartering，the vessel is pletely put at the disposal of the charterer without any crew______．〔C〕A．timeB．voyageC．bareboatD．TCT6．Which of the following standard charter party forms are used in a time charter______" 〔BD〕A．GENCONB．NYPEC．BARECOND．BALTIME7．Which of the following standard charter party forms are used in a voyage charter______" 〔B〕A．NYPEB．GENCONC．BARECOND．BALTIME8．Under voyage chartering，the ship－owner pays for______．〔ABCD〕A．bunker fuel supplyB．costs of vesselC．special voyage insuranceD．wages of crew9．The person who enters into a voyage chartering with charterer is called_____．〔A〕A．ship ownerB．carrierC．agentD．broker10．Bareboat chartering or demise chartering provides a vessel to a charterer and the ship－owner will_____ all responsibilities and rights in respect of his vessel to the charterer during chartering．〔C〕A．holdB．keepC．pass onD．undertaker11．The term under which the ship－owner is not responsible for loading and unloading but for stowage and trimming costs is_____．〔D〕A．FOBSTB．FIOSTC．FIOSD．FIO12．The term under which the ship－owner is not responsible for loading but for unloading stowage and trimming costs is_____．〔A〕A．F．I．B．FIOSTC．F．O．D．FIO13．The term under which the ship－owner is not responsible for unloading but for loading stowage and trimming costs is_____．〔C〕A．F．I．B．FIOSTC．F．O．D．FIO14．A voyage charter party mainly contains the_____ clauses．〔ABCD〕A．payment of freightB．loading and discharging portsC．dispatch and demurrageD．time for loading and unloading15．A time charter party mainly contains the_____ clauses．〔ABCD〕A．charter periodB．payment of hireC．delivery and redeliveryD．withdrawal of vessel16．The bunker is payable by the charterer under____．〔BC〕A．voyage charteringB．time charteringC．bareboat charteringD．contract of affreightment17．Which of the following risks are covered by the All Risks coverage of PICC Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses．____" 〔D〕A．war and fireB．strike and delayC．aflato*in and on deckD．heavy weather and fire18．Which of the following coverage does not cover partial loss or damage resulting from natural calamities" ____ 〔BC〕A．WAB．FPAC．Institute Cargo ClauseD．Institute Cargo Clause19．The marine cargo insurance premium rates may vary depending on factors such as ____．〔ABCD〕A．type of the goodsB．value of the goodsC．mode of transportD．type of risks covered20．Which of the following coverage does not cover total loss or damage resulting from natural calamities" ____ 〔D〕A．WAB．FPAC．Institute Cargo ClauseD．Institute Cargo Clause21．Which of the following coverage cover general average and salvage charges" ____ 〔ABCD〕A．WAB．FPAC．All RisksD．Institute Cargo Clause 〔A〕22．Which of the following coverage usually cover partial loss or damage resulting from natural calamities" ____ 〔ACD〕A．WAB．FPAC．Institute Cargo ClauseD．Institute Cargo Clause23．WPA is one of the ____．〔A〕A．basic risksB．additional risksC．special additional risksD．general additional risks24．_____ is described in the policy as fortuitous partial loss，that is，loss of goods that have suffered from accident or mishap during transportation，either partially or totally．〔C〕A．averageB．with averageC．particular averageD．general average25．Which of the following risks is not covered by the All Risks coverage of marine cargo transportation insurance" ____ 〔D〕A．marine perilsB．strandingC．pilferageD．inherent vice更多资料waimao.100*ue*i./复制上面地址到浏览器地址栏中翻开即可下载26．The Free from Particular Average of marine cargo transportation insurance covers risks of ____．〔BC〕A．riots and civil disturbanceB．total loss caused natural calamitiesC．general averageD．delay of goods27．Partial losses incurred as a result of specific casualties such as _____ are covered in FPA．〔ACD〕A．burning of the vesselB．earthquakeC．strandingD．sinking28．Institute cargo clause 〔B〕covers loss and damage to cargo caused by _____．A．volcanic eruptionB．tsunamiC．failure to deliveryD．shortage risks29．Institute Cargo Clause 〔C〕covers loss or damage to cargo caused by _____．〔D〕A．earthquakeB．volcanic eruptionC．lightingD．sinking of vessel30．Which of the following risks belong to special additional risks_____" 〔ABCD〕A．riots and civil disturbanceB．war and strikeC．rejection and on deckD．delay of goods31．The costs of providing shipping services consist of_____．〔A〕A．fi*ed and variable costsB．raw materials and production costsC．repair and maintenance e*pensesD．insurance and administrative costs32．When determining the freight rate，the age－old principle of "what the traffic can bear〞is increasingly substituted by the _____ principle nowadays．〔C〕A．open market rateB．surchargesC．service costD．stowage factor33．Which of the following do fi*ed costs involve" _____．〔ACD〕A．costs of officer and crewB．loading and unloading costsC．repair and maintenance e*pensesD．administrative costs34．When determining the freight rate，which factors should be taken into account_____" 〔ABC〕A．adjustment factorsB．stowage factorsC．profit factorD．market factors35．Which of the following do variable costs involve" _____．〔ABD〕A．port chargeB．loading and unloading costsC．repair and maintenance e*pensesD．costs of fuel36．_____refers to the average number of cubic meters required to stow one ton of a modity．〔B〕A．adjustment factorsB．stowage factorsC．profit factorD．market factors37．Which of the following statements are true about liner freight rates_____" 〔CD〕A．they fluctuate with market conditions of supply and demandB．liner freight rates are fi*ed by shipping conference and tramp service C．they are more related to the costs of operationD．freight forwarders are mainly concerned with liner freight rates 38．Which of the following statements are true _____" 〔BC〕A．tramp rates do not fluctuate with market conditions of supply and demandB．liner freight rates remains paratively steady over a period of timeC．fi*ed costs do not include fuel of costD．ocean freight rates may be broadly divided into container rates and liner freight rates39．A negotiable bill of lading can be transferred by _____．〔C〕A．negotiationB．amendmentC．endorsementD．selling40．When the sales contract stipulates "transshipment prohibited〞，the carrier should issue a____．〔A〕A．direct B/LB．through B/LC．straight B/LD．transshipment B/L41．What are the advantages of electronic delivery of bill of lading____" 〔ABCD〕A．it reduces the cycle time for the forwarding and presentation of documents B．it reduces the costs related to manual document preparationC．it allows a buyer to take title to the goods once they have arrived at port D．an easy－to use online bill of lading generator will save time and provide the documents instantly42．Which of the following statements are true about bills of lading____" 〔BC〕A．when one of the originals being surrender to the carrier，the others are still validB．the originals are marked as "original〞on their faceC．the original bills of lading are proof of ownership of goodsD．usually，only one original bill of lading is issued43．It is important that the bill of lading is available at port of____ before the goods arrive or at the same time．〔D〕A．shipmentB．departureC．loadingD．destination44．Marine bill of lading are used primarily in_____．〔B〕A．carriage of goods by airB．carriage of goods by seaC．road transportD．railway transportation45．When____ being submitted to the carrier at port of destination，the goods can be e*changed for．〔B〕A．all of the original Bs/LB．one of the original Bs/LC．all of the copy Bs/LD．one of the copy Bs/L46．Which of the following Bs/L bear an indication about apparent order and condition of the goods received_____" 〔C〕A．shipped B/LB．claused B/LC．clean B/LD．foul B/L47．_____ cover shipment from or to ports involving transport by two or more shipping or Railways pany．〔B〕A．shipped Bs/LB．through Bs/LC．straight Bs/LD．direct Bs/L48．If the goods haven’t been actually loaded on board，however，at the shipper’s request，the carrier or his agent may issue a bill of lading in advance，which is_____．〔C〕A．anti－date Bs/LB．post－date Bs/LC．advanced Bs/LD．direct Bs/L49．Which of the following statements are true about order bill of lading____" 〔ACD〕A．they are issued by carriers to the order of shipper or consigneeB．the carrier will deliver the goods at the port of destination solely to the named consigneeC．an order bill of lading is a negotiable documentD．the carrier can deliver the goods to any person designated by the named consignee50．Which of the following statements are not true about straight bills of lading____" 〔ACD〕A．they can be transferred to third partyB．delivery of goods can only be taken by the named consigneeC．they are a negotiable documentD．they are not document of title更多资料waimao.100*ue*i./复制上面地址到浏览器地址栏中翻开即可下载51．The booking note is issued by the ____ requesting allocation of shipment space．〔C〕A．carrier to the agentB．carrier to the shipperC．shipper to the carrierD．carrier to consignee52．AN NVOCC is a 〔n〕____ who operates regular scheduled services．〔B〕A．shipperB．carrierC．receiverD．charterer53．To the actual shipper，the NVOCC is a ____ while to the actual carrier，he is a ___．〔B〕A．actual carrier……carrierB．carrier……shipperC．shipper……carrierD．carrier……consignee54．The ____ is issued by the shipper to the carrier requesting allocation of shipment space．〔C〕A．cargo manifestB．mate’s receiptC．booking noteD．delivery order55．Which of the following documents can be issued by a carrier _____" 〔ABD〕A．bill of ladingB．mate’s receiptC．booking noteD．delivery order56．When the goods arrives at the port of destination，the_____ issues an Arrival Notice informing the notify party of the cargo discharge point and other information．〔B〕A．shipperB．carrierC．receiverD．consignee57．All bills of lading should be signed either the___ or____．〔D〕A．notify party……carrierB．carrier……shipperC．consigno r……consigneeD．carrier……his agent58．A document signed by the Chief Office acknowledging the receipt of cargo on board ship，and later e*changed for a B/L is called______．〔B〕A．sea waybillB．mate’s receiptC．booking noteD．delivery order59．Which of the following descriptions are true about NVOCC_____" 〔ACD〕A．he operates a regular scheduled serviceB．he owns or operates the vesselC．he provides a useful service by providing groupage or consolidation servicesD．he assumes double roles relationship with carrier and shipper60．Which of the following statements is unlikely to be found on a foul bill of lading____" 〔ABC〕A．insufficient packingB．missing safety sealC．two cartons shortD．apparent good order and condition61．According to UCP600，the terms "end〞of a month in the letter of credit shall be construed as ____．〔C〕A．from the 15th to the last day of the monthB．from the 16th to the last day of the monthC．from the 21st to the last day of the monthD．from the 20th to the last day of the month62．According to UCP600，the terms "second half〞of a month in the letter of credit shall be construed as ____．〔C〕A．from the 15th to the last day of the monthB．from the 15th to the 31st of the monthC．from the 16th to the last day of the monthD．from the 16th to the 31st of the month63．Which of the following words applying to any date or period in the credit referring to shipment will be understood to include the date mentioned" _____ 〔ABCD〕A．untilB．fromC．toD．till64．According to UCP600，the terms "beginning〞of a month in the letter of credit shall be construed as ____．〔C〕A．from the 1st to the last day of the monthB．from the 1st to the 5th of the monthC．from the 1st to the10th of the monthD．from the 1st to the 15th of the month65．Which of the following e*pressions are not suitable for stipulating the time for shipment" 〔ABCD〕A．quickB．immediatelyC．promptD．as soon as possible66．A buyer and a seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms will have a mutual understanding of their 〔〕A．obligationsB．freightC．rightsD．costs标准答案：a，c，d67．〔〕are the 3 traditional trade terms frequently used by traders in China 〔〕A．CFRB．CIFC．CPTD．FOB标准答案：a，b，d68．Under CIF ，the seller should pay 〔〕A．FreightB．InsuranceC．Customs dutyD．Cost标准答案：a，b，d69．Which of the following trade terms can be used for international multi－modal transport"A．FOBB．CIFC．CIPD．CPT标准答案：c，d70．Which of the following trade terms need the seller pay the freight"A．FOBB．CFRC．CIFD．CPT标准答案：b，c，d71．CPT stands for carriage paid to theA．named placeB．named portC．named port of destinationD．named place of destination。
2021国际货运代理考试专业英语试题及答案_1
2021国际货运代理考试专业英语试题及答案2021国际货运代理考试专业英语试题及答案一、单选题。
1. An NVOCC probably provides ( )A. tramp serviceB. consolidation serviceC. a vessel operated by itselfD. flight service答案：B2. The cargo manifest is prepared by ( )A. shipperB. carriers agentC. consigneeD. freight forwarder答案：B3. Which of the following documents can be used to exchange for the bill of lading ( )A. cargo manifestB. shipping noteC. delivery orderD. mates receipt答案：D4. Non-conference lines have no ( )A. fixed itineraryB. common tariffC. regular serviceD. vessel of theirs答案：B5.( )is subsequently exchanged for the marine bill of lading. ( )A. Booking noteB. Delivery orderC. Mates receiptD. Cargo manifest答案：C分析：参考书中大副收据的内容，这句话是书中的原话。
大幅收据以后可用来换取提单。
6.The booking note is issued by the ( ) requesting allocation of shipping space.A. carrier to the agentB. carrier to the shipperC. shipper to the carrierD. carrier to the consignee答案：C分析：参考书中托运单的.内容(shipping note), 托运单是由托运人签发给承运人要求分配舱位的单据二、多选题1.Conference lines have ( )A. fixed itineraryB. common tariffC. regular serviceD. stable freight rates答案：ABCD2.Tramp service have no ( )A. fixed itineraryB. common routeC. negotiated rateD. regular service答案：ABC3.Sea waybill is ( )A. a non-negotiable documentB. negotiable documentsC. named consigneeD. issued by shipper答案：AC4.Normally the marine bill of lading has three functions, namely ( ).A. evidence of the contract of carriageB. a receipt of goodsC. a document of title to the goodsD. the contract of carriage答案：ABC分析：提单的三大功用是：海上货物合同的运输证明;货物交付给承运人的收据;物权凭证三、判断题。
货代英语
分运单由航空公司签发。 是 否 b
登记货物运价用字母S表示。 是 否 b
在各种航空货物运价中，指定商品运价优先使用。 是 否 b
信用证受益人即B/L上的托运人。 是 否 a
信用证受益人即买卖合同中的卖方。 是 否 a
CIF合同卖方即C/P中的租船人。 是 否 a
A、 已交货完毕 B、发货人责任终止C、收货人有权提货 D、承运人责任已终止
18、到付运费支付时间在（C）。
A、B/L签发前 B、B/L签发后 C、D/O签发前或当时 D、交货后
19、集装箱进出港区时确定箱体交接责任的单证是（D）。
A、提单 B、大副收据 C、提货单 D、设备交接单
2、L/C CFS－CFS，但B/L记载CY－CY，通常可结汇的B/L是（A）。
A、H－B/L B、S-B/L C、M-B/L D、SWBL
3、L/C规定出具全程可转运B/L时，一程船和二程船公司责任划分依据是（D）。
A、全程B/L B、一程B/L C、二程B/L D、MEMO－B/L
C、必须是公路与海运之间D、必须是铁路与公路之间
23、多式联运经营人对货物承担的责任期限是（B）。
A、自己运输区段 B、全程运输 C、实际承运人运输区段D、第三方运输区段
24、卫检对集装箱查验，要求其做到（D）。
A、清洁、干燥B、无味、无尘 C、清洁、无味 D、清洁、干燥、无味、无尘
A、船公司 B、原收货人 C、第三方 D、货运代理人
（4）HBL、SBL哪一张是全程提单？（A）。
A、HBL B、SBL C、HBL、SBL均可作为全程提单 D、根据L/C
（5）HBL、SBL哪一张是结汇提单？（A）。
货代面试英语试题及答案
货代面试英语试题及答案一、选择题1. What does "FOB" stand for in international trade terms?A. Free On BoardB. Free of BoardC. Freight On BoardD. Full of BoardAnswer: A. Free On Board2. Which of the following is the most common mode of transportation for international cargo?A. AirB. SeaC. LandD. RailAnswer: B. Sea3. What is the role of a freight forwarder in the logistics process?A. To provide transportation servicesB. To arrange for the transportation of goodsC. To manufacture the goodsD. To sell the goodsAnswer: B. To arrange for the transportation of goods二、填空题4. The term "LCL" refers to _______.Answer: Less than Container Load5. When a shipment is "EXW", it means that the seller's responsibility ends _______.Answer: at the point the goods are made available to the buyer6. A "Bill of Lading" is a legal document that serves as a_______.Answer: receipt for goods, a contract of carriage, and a document of title三、简答题7. Explain the difference between "CIF" and "CIP" in terms of insurance coverage.Answer: CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight) includes insurance coverage up to the port of destination. CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid to) also includes insurance, but the coverage extends to a point named by the seller, which may be beyond the port of destination.8. What are the key responsibilities of a freight forwarderin the export process?Answer: Key responsibilities include obtaining necessary export documentation, arranging for the transportation of goods, negotiating rates with carriers, and ensuring timely and secure delivery of the goods to their destination.四、案例分析题9. A company is exporting goods to a foreign buyer under DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) terms. What are the steps a freight forwarder should take to ensure a smooth export process?Answer: The freight forwarder should:- Confirm the DDP terms with the buyer and seller.- Arrange for the transportation of goods, including booking space on a vessel or aircraft.- Obtain all necessary export and import documentation.- Ensure that customs clearance is completed at both the exporting and importing countries.- Arrange for delivery of the goods to the final destination, including paying any duties and taxes.- Provide tracking information and updates to both the seller and the buyer throughout the process.五、论述题10. Discuss the importance of effective communication in the freight forwarding industry.Answer: Effective communication is crucial in the freightforwarding industry for several reasons:- It ensures that all parties involved in the shipping process have a clear understanding of the requirements and expectations.- It helps in resolving any issues or discrepancies that may arise during the transportation process.- It facilitates timely updates and information sharing, which is essential for maintaining the trust of clients and ensuring the smooth operation of the supply chain.- It contributes to building strong relationships with carriers, customs authorities, and other stakeholders in the logistics ecosystem.。
物流英语考试题及答案
物流英语考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What does "LCL" stand for in logistics?A. Less than Container LoadB. Large Container LoadC. Limited Container LoadD. Local Container Load答案：A2. The term "FOB" is commonly used to indicate:A. Free on BoardB. Full of BoatC. Finished on BoardD. First on Board答案：A3. Which of the following is NOT a mode of transportation?A. RoadB. RailC. AirD. E-mail答案：D4. The abbreviation "CIF" stands for:A. Cost, Insurance, and FreightB. Cost, Insurance, and FuelC. Cost, Insurance, and FinanceD. Cost, Insurance, and Freighting答案：A5. What is the meaning of "EXW" in international trade terms?A. Ex WorksB. Exchange WorksC. Exclusive WorksD. Export Works答案：A6. The term "B/L" refers to:A. Bill of LadingB. Bill of LoadingC. Bill of LandingD. Bill of Loadings答案：A7. Which of the following is a document used in international trade?A. Commercial InvoiceB. Commercial InformationC. Commercial InterestD. Commercial Investment答案：A8. "CY" in logistics usually means:A. Container YardB. Country YearC. Current YieldD. Cost Year答案：A9. The abbreviation "TEU" stands for:A. Twenty-foot Equivalent UnitB. Total Equipment UnitC. Transport Equipment UnitD. Trade Equipment Unit答案：A10. "DDP" in international trade terms means:A. Delivered Duty PaidB. Delivered Direct PaymentC. Delivered Domestic PaymentD. Delivered Directly Paid答案：A二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The process of moving goods from the place of acceptance to the place of delivery is known as _______.答案：Transportation12. A _______ is a person or company that arranges the transportation of goods for clients.答案：Freight Forwarder13. "CFS" stands for _______.答案：Container Freight Station14. The term "Drayage" refers to the transportation of goods over a short distance, usually _______.答案：Land15. In logistics, "3PL" refers to a _______ party logistics provider.答案：Third16. The weight of a shipment as determined by the carrier is known as _______.答案：Chargeable Weight17. "HS" code stands for _______.答案：Harmonized System18. The term "Pallet" is used to describe a flat structure used as a base for _______.答案：Goods19. "Tare Weight" refers to the weight of the _______ without the cargo.答案：Container20. "Customs Broker" is a professional who assists with the _______ of goods through customs.答案：Clearance三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）21. Explain the difference between "CIF" and "FOB" terms in international trade.答案：CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight) terms requirethe seller to arrange and pay for the transportation and insurance of goods to the port of destination, while FOB (Free on Board) terms require the buyer to arrange and payfor the transportation of goods from the port of origin.22. What is the role of a customs broker in international trade?答案：A customs broker facilitates the import and export process by ensuring that all necessary documentation is completed accurately and that all duties and taxes are paidin accordance with customs regulations.23. Describe the function of a bill of lading in logistics.答案：A bill of lading serves as a contract of carriage,a receipt for the goods, and a document of title. It provides proof that the carrier has received the goods for transportation and outlines the terms of the shipment.24. What are the key components of a supply chain?答案：Key components of a supply chain include sourcing, production, inventory management, transportation, warehousing, and distribution.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）25. Discuss the importance of inventory management inlogistics and supply chain operations.答案：Inventory management。
10货代英语真题与答案
一、单项选择题（每题1分，共15分。
单项选择题的答案只能选一个，多选不得分）1. After the freight forwarder take delivery of the goods， he should issue （）A. Bills of ladingB. Forwarders… Certificate of ReceiptC. shipping noteD. cargo manifest2. The freight forwarder provides services on behalf of consignee include：（）A. paying freight to the carrierB. paying insuranceC. arranging export customs clearanceD. arranging import customs clearance3. According to INCONTERMS2000， which group of the following trade terms means that the seller has to contract for the carriage of goods to the named port （or place） of destination （）A. EXW， FCA， CIFB. FCA， DAF， CFRC. CFR， CIF， CIPD. FOB， CPT， CIP4. If the L/C stipulates that the shipment date is “on or about May10th， 2008”，them the goods can be shipped （）A. from 10th to 20thB. from 5th to 15thC. from 1st to 10thD. from 1st to 15th- 5. As a consolidator， the freight forwarder will provide the service in his own name and issue （）A. direct bill of ladingB. house bill of ladingC. master bill of ladingD. straight bill of lading6. A beneficiary refers to the party in whose favor an L/C is opened， and it usually refers to the （）。
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3、Shipped Bills of Lading 已装船提单
特点：
1)Shipped bills state definitely that the goods have been loaded, it confirms that the goods are actually on board the vessel. 已装船提单载明货物已装船，确定货物已实际装上船舶。
注释：definitely: 明确地，干脆地confirm: 确定，确认actually:实际上，事实上
2) Most bills of lading forms are printed as shipped bills and commence with wording: “Shipped in apparent good order and condition.” 大部分提单格式都会被打印成已装船提单格式并且标注“已装船外表状况明显良好“的措辞。
注释：commence with:从...开始apparent:外观的Shipped in apparent good order and condition：已装船外表状况明显良好
4、Received for shipment Bills of Lading 收货待运提单
特点：
1)Received for shipment bills state that the goods have been received for shipment, and do not indicate the actual date of loading. 收货待运提单载明货物已经收货待运，但是不显示实际的装载日期。
注释：indicate: 指出，显示
2)The received for shipment bill of lading grew up because with the development of the liner services it became the custom for the shipowner to receive the cargo some hours or even days before it was actually loaded. 收货待运提单因班轮运输业务的发展而成长起来的并逐渐成为惯例，船东在实际装载之前几个小时甚至几天收到货物。
(提前收货)
注释：grow up:成长，发展development: 发展liner services: 班轮运输业务
四、常用短语、名词
Marine Bills of Lading 海运提单
Consignment of goods 货物托运
Destination 目的地
Document of title 物权凭证
Port of destination 目的港
Order bills of lading 指示提单
Straight bills of lading 记名提单
Shipped bills of lading 已装船提单
Shipped in apparent good order and condition 已装船外表状况明显良好Received for shipment bills of lading 收货代运提单。