[全]新概念英语 第三册 第30课第⑦句
新概念第三册第30课知识讲解
labourer n. 劳动者
She still lives on the farm where he worked as a labourery” and “labourer”, is therefore a person employed to earn points, equipment or other goods in an online game.
and barley. It can also be used to refer to the seeds from these plants. 谷物 (指小麦、燕麦等); (小麦、燕麦等的) 谷粒
A farm worker, who stayed up all night, claimed to have seen a figure( a dark human shape) cutting corn in the moonlight.
Most cats remain suspicious of humans all their lives.
suspicion n. 猜疑，怀疑
There was a suspicion that this runner attempted to avoid the procedures for drug testing.
worker) worker 泛指劳动者 gold collar worker
manual worker / mental worker workman 指具有某种工艺技能的工匠
overnight adv. 一夜期间，通宵地; 在夜间
Farm labourers said that they always woke up to find that work had been done overnight. (during the night)
新概念第三册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson30
新概念第三册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson30 【课文】 For years, villagers believed that Endley Farm was haunted. The farm was owned by two brothers, Joe and Bob Cox. They employed a few farmhands, but no one was willing to work there long. Every time a worker gave up his job, he told the same story. Farm labourers said that they always woke up to find that work had been done overnight. Hay had been cut and cowsheds had been cleaned. A farm worker, who stayed up all night, claimed to have seen a figure人 cutting corn in the moonlight. In time, it became an accepted fact that the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghost that did most of their work for them. No one suspectedthat there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen. This was indeed the case. A short time ago, villagers were astonished to learn that the ghost of Endley had died. Everyone went to the funeral, for the ‘ghost’ was none other than Eric Cox, a third brother who was supposed to have died as a young man. After the funeral, Joe and Bob revealed a secret which they had kept for over fifty years. Eric had been the eldest son of the family, very much older than his two brothers. He had been obliged to join the army during the Second World War. As he hated army life, he decided to desert his regiment. When he learnt that he would be sent abroad, he returned to the farm and his father hid him until the end of the war. Fearing the authorities, Eric remained in hiding after the war as well. His father told everybody that Eric had been killed in action. The only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bob. They did not even tell their wives. When their father died, they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding. All these years, Eric had lived as arecluse. He used to sleep during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley. When he died, however, his borthers found it impossible to keep the secret any longer. 【课文翻译】 多年来，村民们一直认为恩得利农场在闹鬼。
新概念英语第三册逐句精讲语言点第30课(7)
新概念英语第三册逐句精讲语言点第30课(7)The Death of a Ghost 幽灵之死For years, villagers believed that Endley Farm was haunted. The farm was owned by two brothers, Joe and Bob Cox. They employed a few farmhands, but no one was willing to work there long. Every time a worker gave up his job, he told the same story. Farm labourers said that they always woke up to find that work had been done overnight. Hay had been cut and cowsheds had been cleaned. A farm worker, who stayed up all night, claimed to have seen a figure人 cutting corn in the moonlight. In time, it became an accepted fact that the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghost that did most of their work for them.No one suspectedthat there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen. This was indeed the case. A short time ago, villagers were astonished to learn that the ghost of Endley had died. Everyone went to the funeral, for the‘ghost’ was none other than Eric Cox, a third brother who was supposed to have died as a young man. After the funeral, Joe and Bob revealed a secret which they had kept for over fifty years.Eric had been the eldest son of the family, very much older than his two brothers. He had been obliged to join the army during the Second World War. As he hated army life, he decided to desert his regiment. When he learnt that he would be sent abroad, he returned to the farm and his father hid him until the end of the war. Fearing the authorities, Eric remained in hiding after the war as well. His father toldeverybody that Eric had been killed in action. The only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bob. They did not even tell their wives. When their father died, they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding. All these years, Eric had lived as a recluse. He used to sleep during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley. When he died, however, his borthers found it impossible to keep the secret any longer.19. His father told everybody that Eric had been killed in action.他的父亲告诉大家，埃里克在战争中被打死了。
新概念英语第三册Lesson30重点句子及解析
新概念英语第三册Lesson30重点句子及解析【课文】For years, villagers believed that Endley Farm was haunted. The farm was owned by two brothers, Joe and Bob Cox. They employed a few farmhands, but no one was willing to work there long. Every time a worker gave up his job, he told the same story. Farm labourers said that they always woke up to find that work had been done overnight. Hay had been cut and cowsheds had been cleaned. A farm worker, who stayed up all night, claimed to have seen a figure人 cutting corn in the moonlight. In time, it became an accepted fact that the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghost that did most oftheir work for them.No one suspectedthat there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen. This was indeed the case. A short time ago, villagers were astonished to learn that the ghost of Endley had died. Everyone went to the funeral, for the ‘ghost’ was none other than Eric Cox, a third brother who was supposed to have died as a young man. After the funeral, Joe and Bob revealed a secret which they had keptfor over fifty years.Eric had been the eldest son of the family, very much older than his two brothers. He had been obliged to join the army during the Second World War. As he hated army life, he decided to desert his regiment. When he learnt that he would be sent abroad, he returned to the farm and his father hid him until the end of the war. Fearing the authorities, Eric remained in hiding after the war as well. His father toldeverybody that Eric had been killed in action. The only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bob. They did noteven tell their wives. When their father died, they thoughtit their duty to keep Eric in hiding. All these years, Eric had lived as a recluse. He used to sleep during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had becomethe ghost of Endley. When he died, however, his borthersfound it impossible to keep the secret any longer.【课文翻译】多年来，村民们一直认为恩得利农场在闹鬼。
新概念英语第三册经典句子第30课
新概念英语第三册经典句子第30课
第30课 The death of a ghost
1、They employed a few farm hands, …
他们雇了几个农工，
2、 In time, it became an accepted fact that the Cox brothers employed a conscientiousghost that did most of their work for them.
随着时间的流逝，考科斯兄弟雇了一个尽心尽责的鬼，他们家的活绝大部分都让鬼给干了，这件事成了公认的事实。
3、 This was indeed the case.
但事实上确有此人。
4、Everyone went to the funeral,for the ‘ghost’ was none other than Eric Cox, ….
大家都去参加了葬礼，因为那“鬼”不是别人，正是农场主的兄弟埃里克.考科斯。
5、 As he hated army life, he decided to deserthis regiment.
他讨厌军旅生活，决定逃离所在部队。
6、 The onlyother people who knew the secret were Joe and Bert.
除此之外，只有乔与鲍知道这个秘密。
Only并不单单表示单一的概念。
能够和复数同用。
新概念英语第3册第30课
Lecturer: Patience Wang
New words and expressions
Read the new words and expressions on page 142.
• For years, villagers believed that Endley Farm was haunted. The farm was owned by two brothers, Joe and Bob Cox. They employed a few farmhands, but no one was willing to work there long. Every time a worker gave up his job, he told the same story. Farm labourers said that they always woke up to find that work had been done overnight. Hay had been cut and cowsheds had been cleaned. A farm worker, who stayed up all night claimed to have seen a figure cutting corn in the moonlight. In time, it became an accepted fact that the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghost that did most of their work for them. • No one suspected that there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen. This was indeed the case. A short time ago, villagers were astonished to learn that the ghost of Endley had died. Everyone went to the funeral, for the 'ghost' was none other than Eric Cox, a third brother who was supposed to have died as a young man. After the funeral, Joe and Bob revealed a secret which they had kept for over fiftup 熬夜，不睡觉 e.g. (1) 她看书看到半夜才睡。 She stayed up reading until midnight. (2) 告诉她等我回来再睡。 Tell her to stay up till I get home.
[全]新概念英语第三册 第30课 语法课文词句全析全解
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新概念英语第三册第30课语法课文词句全析全解第一段，第二段《新概念英语》第三册Lesson 30 课文第一段，第二段新概念英语第三册第30课语法课文词句全析全解（五)主要精读详解Lesson 30第三段第一、二、三句词汇句型语法解析及翻译。
《新概念英语》第三册Lesson 30 课文第3段1. 第三段词汇句型语法解析及翻译第①句①Eric had been the eldest son of the family(very much older than his two brothers).埃里克是这家长子, 年龄比他的两个弟弟大得多。
核心词汇解析eldest的用法⑴eldest 是old 的最高级形式之一[用于名词之前，before noun，指某一家庭中3个或3个以上的兄弟姐妹成员里年龄最大的being the oldest of three or more people, especially within a family.Her eldest child is nearly 34, but he hasn't been married yet.她最大的孩子快34岁了，但是他至今还没有结婚。
⑵eldest，作名词noun [S]eldest1 the eldest，a person who is the oldest of three of more people（3个或3个以上的人中）年龄最大的人He was the eldest of four kids.4个孩子中他是老大。
⑶eldest n.作名词the oldest child in a family长子；长女My eldest is at college.我的大孩子正在上大学。
2. 第三段词汇句型语法解析及翻译第②句② He had been obliged to join the army during the first World War.(大儿子埃里克)年龄比他两个弟弟大很多，第一次世界大战期间被迫参军。
新概念第三册第30课
hay n. 干草 .bales of hay. …一捆捆的干草 Cows feed on hay. 奶牛以干草为生。 Hay had been cut . PHRASE If you say that someone is making hay or is making hay while the sun shines, you mean that they are taking advantage of a situation that is favourable to them while they have the chance to. 晒草要趁好太阳; 抓紧时机 We knew war was coming, and were determined to make hay while we could.
desert [dɪ„zɜːt] v. （军队中）开小差，逃跑 (run away without permission) desert [„dɛzɚt] n. 沙漠；荒原 the Sahara ( Desert ) （重音规则：名前动后）conduct 名词读作 ˈ kɒndʌkt，表示 n. 进行；行为；实施；动词读 作kənˈd ʌkt ，表示vt. 管理。 record project desert [dɪ„zɜːt] 违背法律、道义、责任、信仰 desert the army, desert school, desert his duty, desert his family The soldier deserted his army.
由此可知playbourer游戏工人play玩和labourer劳工两个词的合成词就是被雇来赚取在线游戏中的点数装备或其他物资的人
新概念英语第三册逐句精讲第课幽灵之死
新概念英语第三册逐句精讲: 第30课幽灵之死Lesson30 The Death of a Ghost 幽灵之死新概念3课文内容：For years, villagers believed that Endley Farm was haunted. The farm was owned by two brothers, Joe and Bob Cox. They employed a few farmhands, but no one was willing to work there long. Every time a worker gave up his job, he told the same story. Farm labourers said that they always woke up to find that work had been done overnight. Hay had been cut and cowsheds had been cleaned. A farm worker, who stayed up all night, claimed to have seen a figure人 cutting corn in the moonlight. In time, it became an accepted fact that the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghost that did most of their work for them.No one suspectedthat there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen. This was indeed the case. A short time ago, villagers were astonished to learn that the ghost of Endley had died. Everyone went to the funeral, for the ‘ghost’ was none other than Eric Cox, a third brother who was supposed to have died as a young man. After the funeral, Joe and Bob revealed a secret which they had kept for over fifty years.Eric had been the eldest son of the family, very much older than his two brothers. He had been obliged to join the army during the Second World War. As he hated army life, he decided to desert his regiment. When he learnt that he would be sent abroad, he returned to the farm and his father hid him until the end of the war. Fearing the authorities, Eric remained in hiding after the war as well. Hisfather told everybody that Eric had been killed in action. The only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bob. They did not even tell their wives. When their father died, they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding. All these years, Eric had lived as a recluse. He used to sleep during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley. When he died, however, his borthers found it impossible to keep the secret any longer.新概念英语3逐句精讲：1.For years, villagers believed that Endley Farm was haunted.多年来，村民们一直认为恩得利农场在闹鬼。
新概念英语第三册Lesson30
labour n.劳动; (总称) 劳动力 the Labour Party 工党（Br.） the Conservative Party 保守党（Br.） the Democratic Party 民主党（Am.） the Republican Party 共和党 （Am.） labour intensity / Labour Day manual labour/ brain work 体力/脑力劳动 They live by honest labour. 他们靠正当劳动生活。
The police suspected that he was the murderer.(tend to believe sth. is true) The police doubted that he was the murderer. (tend to believe sth. is false) I suspect that he has stolen my watch. 我怀疑 / 猜想他偷了我的手表。 I doubt that he has stolen my watch. 我不相信他偷了我的手表。
died as a young man. 10. How long had the brothers kept the
secrets? for over fifty years. 11.When had Eric join the army? during the Second World War. 12. Why did he desert his regiment? Because he hated army life.
on the farm? No, they didn’t. 8. When did villagers learn that the ghost of
（完整版）新概念英语第三册笔记第30课
（完整版）新概念英语第三册笔记第30课Lesson 30 The death of a ghost 幽灵之死New words and expression ⽣词和短语Labourer ['le?b(?)r?] n.劳动者（⼯⼈）（劳⼯）-- 强调使⽤体⼒, ⽽不是技能, 在户外⼯作。
Workman n.技⼯, ⼯匠-- 具有某种⼯艺技能的半熟练⼯⼈worker n.⼯⼈（泛指）-- 具有更⾼⽔平的⼯⼈-- white-collar worker ⽩领职员(指⾮体⼒劳动者) -- blue-collar worker 蓝领⼯⼈(指体⼒劳动者)-- a factory worker ⼯⼚⼯⼈/ farm worker 雇农, 农业⼯⼈Manual worker mental workerfarmhand（n.农业⼯⼈, 农场⼯⼈）= farm labourers = farm workerlabour n. 1、劳动（尤指体⼒劳动）（可以以复数形式出现labours. （very hard work, usually physical work）2、(总称) 劳⼯3、⼯作（任务task；（⼀段时间的）⼯作period of work）4、分娩(分娩期；分娩；⽣产)Her labour had lasted ten hoursvi 1、艰苦劳动、⼲苦⼒活2、艰难的⼯作、吃⼒地⾏进move with difficulty3、+to do 艰苦地做；吃⼒地做If you labour to do something, you do it with difficultylabour force n. 劳动⼒surplus labour 【政治经济学】剩余劳动(⼒) , 【经济学】剩余劳动['s?:pl?s] n. 剩余；[贸易] 顺差；盈余；过剩adj. 剩余的；过剩的labour party (劳)⼯党Conservative party保守党Democratic party 民主党Republican party 共和党division of labour 分⼯labour union n. [美]⼯会conserve vt. 1、节省；节约2、保护；保存；保藏to protect sth and prevent it from being changed or destroyed n. 果酱；蜜饯Conserve的“保持、保存”有两种含义，第⼀种含义含有为了节约⽽保护、保存的意思，例如：You can set the temperature to 26 degrees centigrade in order to conserve energy. 你可以把温度设置成26摄⽒度以节约资源。
新概念英语课件第三册Lesson 30 The death of a ghost
LOGO
Exercise Describe a game or sport you enjoy playing. What it is called Where it is What is special about it Explain why you like to go there Every time I want to release my pressure, I will do yoga.
LOGO
Exercise
As a result of countries becoming more and more industrialized, pollution has become a serious problem. Discuss some ways that can mitigate the pollution problems. 首句 大体阐述状况 模板细化---原因后果句 国家过度追求经济利益，结果发现我们的地球家园环境污染 问题严重。 Countries try hard to realize economic benefits to find that our scenic global village are suffering from environmental degradation by mass-production and mass-consumption.
LOGO
Text 农场归Joe和Bob兄弟俩所有。 The farm belong to Joe and Bob who are brothers. The farm was owned by two brothers, Joe and Bob Cox.
[全]新概念英语第三册第30课第一段之6-8句
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新概念英语第三册第30课第一段之6-8句1. 新概念英语第三册第30课第一段第⑥句⑥Hay had been cut and cow sheds had been cleaned. 雇工们说，常常一早起来发现有人在夜里把活干了，干草已切好，牛棚也打扫干净了。
本句是一个典型的并列句，重点词汇是shed。
shed 作名词[可数名词C]shed , sheds①a small building, usually made of wood, used for storing things（通常为木质、存放物品用的）棚子，小屋a garden shed园艺棚a tool/bicycle shed工具／自行车棚②a large simple building used for a particular activity（用于特定活动的）大简易棚the lambing shed 产羔棚③作动词verb 不规则动词shedding, shed, shed GET RID OF摆脱1. shed 及物动词[T] (often used in newspapers) to get rid of something you do not need or want（常为报刊用语）去除，摆脱，裁撤，裁减3000 jobs will be shed over the next few months.接下来几个月中要裁减3000个职位。
Psychotherapy helped him to shed some of his insecurity. 心理疗法帮助他摆脱了一些不安全感。
I'm going on a diet to see if I can shed (= become thinner by losing) a few kilos. 我要节食，看能不能瘦掉几公斤。
2 [T] to lose a covering, such as leaves, hair or skin, because it falls off naturally, or to drop something in a natural way orby accident使脱落；使掉落；蜕；脱The trees shed their leaves in autumn.树木在秋天落叶。
新概念英语第三册Lesson 30
Lesson 30 The death of a ghostPart 1 Words and Expressions(1) laborer n. 劳动者(a person whose job involves hard physical work that is not skilled, especially work that is done outdoors)laborer n. 劳动者(劳工) 强调使用体力, 而不是技能, 在户外工作worker n. 工人(泛指) 有更高水平的工人white-collar worker 白领职员(指非体力劳动者) (N3 L4)blue-collar worker 蓝领工人(指体力劳动者)(2) overnight adv. 一夜期间(during or for the night)They seem to transform from boys to men overnight, suddenly becoming tall and strong, handsome and graceful.他们似乎一夜之间就从小男孩变成了男子汉，一眨眼就变得高大而强壮，帅气而潇洒。
(3) hay n. 干草(grass that has been cut and dried and is used as food for animals) look for a needle in a haystack (干草垛) 猜测意思：海底捞针！Make hay while the sun shines晒草要趁太阳好！(4) corn n. 谷物(any plant that is grown for its grain)他将谷仓装满了谷物。
He filled the barn to the roof with corn.The noodles were made from corn and soybeans.这种面条主要使用包谷和黄豆制成。
新概念英语第三册Lesson30笔记
新概念英语第三册lesson301课文内容及译文【课文内容】Listen to the tape then answer the question below.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why did the two brothers keep the secret?For years, villagers believed that Endley Farm was hunted. The farm was owned by two brothers, Joe and Bob Cox. They employed a few farmhands, but no one was willing to work there long. Every time a worker gave up his job, he told the same story. Farm labourers said that they always woke up to find that work had been done overnight. Hay had been cut and cowsheds had been cleaned. A farm worker, who stayed up all night claimed to have seen a figure cutting corn in the moonlight. In time, it became an accepted fact the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghost that did most of their work for them.No one suspected that there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen. This was indeed the case. A short time ago, villagers were astonished to learn that the ghost of Endley had died. Everyone went to the funeral, for the 'ghost' was none other than Eric Cox, a third brother who was supposed to have died as a young man. After the funeral, Joe and Bob revealed a secret which they had kept forover fifty years.Eric had been the eldest son of the family, very much older than his two brothers. He had been obliged to join the army during the Second World War. As he hated army life, he decided to desert his regiment. When he learnt that he would be sent abroad, he returned to the farm and his father hid him until the end of the war. Fearing the authorities, Eric remained in hiding after the war as well. His father told everybody that Eric had been killed in action. The only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bob. They did not even tell their wives. When their father died, they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding. All these years, Eric had lived as a recluse. He used to sleep during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley. When he died, however, his brothers found it impossible to keep the secret any longer.【参考译文】多年来，村民们一直认为恩得利农场在闹鬼。
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新概念英语第三册第30课第⑦句第三段词汇句型语法解析及翻译第⑦句⑦The only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bert. 除此之外，只有乔与鲍知道这个秘密。
句子结构分析:注意，句子only的意思不是说“只有一个人”，而表示“仅仅”。
Who引导定语从句修饰the only other people，此处的先行词people由关系代词WHO 来修饰的一般不可以用that来代替。
这个语法知识点是词句，乃至全课文里最后语法点，请研读感悟以下分析:关于定语从句中先行词由only修饰其关系代词选用的几种情况:1.如果the only修饰的先行词是物，事情，切记定语从句的关系代词必须是that 来引导，而不能用which。
2.the only + 先行词其后所接的定语从句用什么关系代词来引导定语从句，通常有一个误区。
有的老师简单的告诉学生，只要先行词是被the only修饰的，一概要用that关系代词，这种说法是不完全对的。
3.正确的说法是，当受定语从句修饰的先行词指人，且受到the only修饰时，定语从句用who关系代词来引导是比较正式的。
当受定语从句修饰的先行词指人，且受到the only修饰时，定语从句通常必须用关系代词who来引导的几种情况：He’s the only one who I know. 他是唯一我认识的人。
Ha Wen is the only person who can do this kind of survey. 哈文是唯一会做这种问卷调查的人。
I’m the only one who’s gone to a public high school. 我是惟一上过公立中学的人。
（《薄冰高级英语语法》）Sally is the only person in our class who dares (to) answer Miss Thompson back. 在我们班上，只有萨利一个人敢和汤普森小姐顶嘴。
（《朗文英语语法》）不过，当受定语从句修饰的先行词指人，且受到the only修饰时，有时也可在用关系代词that来引导定语从句（但远不如用who普通）。
如：He’s the only man that can do it. （张道真《现代英语用法词典》）only修饰先行词定语从句中用who不用that的情况:1) 当先行词是people 或是表示人的集体名词时①The only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bert. 除此之外，只有乔与鲍知道这个秘密。
新概念英语第三册第30课，课文第三段词汇句型语法解析及翻译第⑦句②An interactive product should show interest in the people who use it. 一款互动的产品应该展现出对用户的兴趣。
The crew who were all asleep forgot to put off a lantern. 已入睡的船员全部忘了吹熄提灯。
2) 当先行词为指示代词those，或先行词是those所修饰的人时This film directed by the famous director is dedicated to those who died in the war. 这部由著名导演执导的电影是献给那些在战争中死去的人。
She is one of those women who always make troubles. 她是那些老是制造麻烦的女人之一。
3) 当表示人的先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时①He is the third man who witnessed the murder. 他是这起谋杀案的第三个见证者。
②They were the first who were there. 他们是去那里的第一批人。
4) 当先行词为人称代词he, she, they 或one(s), anyone, nobody 等时①He who plays a trick must be prepared to take a joke. 玩花招的人必定会受到戏弄。
②The ones who refuse to reform should be punished as required by law. 拒绝改革的人应依法受到惩罚。
③It was she who first introduced me to the pleasures of wine-tasting. 是她第一个让我领略到品酒的乐趣。
④There is nobody who has no shortcomings. 没有缺点的人是没有的。
5) 当先行词与定语从句被其他句子成分隔开时。
（更多这样的例子可见隔离定语从句一文)He is the only doctor in this hospital who I trust. 他是这家医院里我唯一信得过的医生。
6）当关系代词在从句中作主语，修饰表示人的先行词，且与谓语动词被分隔开时He was a man who, if had been properly supported, would have worked wonders. 他是一个本该创造出奇迹的人，如果当时给予适应的支持的话。
7) 当表示人的先行词由两个定语从句重叠修饰时(即双重定语从句)，第二个定语从句只能用who/whom引导，而不能用that。
而且第二个定语从句的引导词不能被省略。
The only person I know who has a skeleton in the cupboard is George. 我所认识的唯一的在柜中藏骷嵝的人便是乔治。
第三段词汇句型语法解析及翻译第⑧句⑧They did not even tell their wives. 但他俩连自己的妻子都没告诉。
wife的复数变化是不规则的，一般来说是以f或fe结尾的名词变复数，先把f 或fe变为V再加ES。
以f或fe结尾的，把f或者fe变成v,再加es。
例如，wife-wives,knife-knives,等。
随着学习的深入都会遇到，我们又会遇到很多以f或fe结尾的名词，直接加了s，例如chief-chiefs(首领)，gulf-gulfs(海湾)，等等。
这就给我们的学习造成了困惑，有时造成混淆。
1.以f或fe结尾的，把f或者fe变成v,再加es妻子wife-wives，2.刀子knife-knives，3.狼wolf-wolves，4.小偷thief-thives，5.架子shelf-shelves，6.半，一般half-halves，7.树叶leaf-leaves，8.自己self-selves，9，生命life-lives。
2. 在f或fe后面直接加s的词有:gulf—gulfs（海湾）roof—roofs（屋顶）chief-chiefs（首领）serf-serf（农奴）safe→safes（保险箱）belief→beliefs （信仰）proof-proofs（证据）handkerchief（handkerchiefs）（手绢、手帕）。
注意: handkerchief等几个词，变复数时两种形式都可以。
第三段词汇句型语法解析及翻译第⑨-⑩句⑨When their father died, they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding. ⑩All these years, Eric had lived as a recluse（隐遁者, 寂寞者）. 父亲死后，他们兄弟俩认为有责任继续把埃里克藏起来。
这些年来，埃里克过着隐士生活。
词法解析:A. live as 作为……生活,live as 像···一样活着，像..... 一样生活1.The kind of people live as a parasite on society.这类人像寄生虫似的靠社会为生。
2.Tigers will live as a family if they have babies. 如果老虎生了虎崽，就生活在一个家庭里。
3.Live as a family until baby tigers are 2-3 years old. 像一家人一样生活在一起直到小老虎2 - 3岁。
注意与live by,live on的区别live by以……为生；靠……为生；靠……生活live on以.... 为主食From childhood , she tried to live by the teachings of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct .她从小就努力按照父母的教导去生活，形成了一整套为人处事的行为准则。
2.They refused to live by his law.不肯照他的规则行事。
3.In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge,and philosophers by selling wisdom.根据这种说法，教师靠卖知识为生，哲学家靠卖智慧为生。
B. recluse [ri'klu:s] n.隐士means a person who lives alone and avoids going outside or talking to other people 隐居者；喜欢独处的人He is a millionaire recluse who refuses to give interviews. 他是个喜欢独处的百万富翁，不接受别人的采访。
reclusive adj. 隐遁的,隐居的,避世隐居,幽寂的North Korea's reclusive leader Kim Jong-il is thought to be ill and trying to ensure the succession of his youngest son. 人们认为Korea隐居的leader,Kim病了，并且正努力确保他小儿子的继承权。
句法结构分析句⑨When their father died, they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding.是一个主从复合句，when引导时间状语从句。