江西师范大学719中国通史2013--2017年考研初试真题
新版江西师范大学中国史考研经验考研参考书考研真题
在我决定考研的那一刻正面临着我人生中的灰暗时期，那时发生的事对当时的我来讲是一个重大的打击，我甚至一再怀疑自己可不可以继续走下去，而就是那个时候我决定考研，让自己进入一个新的阶段，新的人生方向。
那个时刻，很大意义上是想要转移自己的注意力，不再让自己纠结于一件耗费心力和情绪的事情。
而如今，已相隔一年的时间，虽然这一年相当漫长，但在整个人生道路上不过是短短的一个线段。
就在短短的一年中我发现一切都在不知不觉中发生了变化。
曾经让自己大为恼火，让自己费尽心力和心绪的事情现如今不过是弹指的一抹灰尘。
而之所以会有这样的心境变化，我认为，是因为，在备考的这段时间内，我的全身心进入了一个全然自我，不被外界所干扰的心境，日复一日年复一年的做着同样枯燥、琐碎、乏味的事情。
这不正是一种修行吗，若说在初期，只是把自己当作机器一样用以逃避现实生活的灾难的话，但在后期就是真的在这过程中慢慢发生了变化，不知不觉中进入到了忘记自身的状态里。
所以我就终于明白，佛家坐定，参禅为什么会叫作修行了。
本来无一物，何处惹尘埃。
所以经过这一年我不仅在心智上更加成熟，而且也成功上岸。
正如我预期的那样，我开始进入一个新的阶段，有了新的人生方向。
在此，只是想要把我这一年备考过程中的积累的种种干货和经验记录下来，也希望各位看到后能够有所帮助，只不过考研毕竟是大工程，所以本篇内容会比较长，希望大家可以耐心看完，文章结尾会附上我的学习资料供大家下载。
江西师范大学中国史初试科目：(101)思想政治理论(201)英语一(313)历史学基础参考书：经典“十一本”《中国古代史》(上下册) ，朱绍侯主编，福建人民出版社；《中国近代史》（第四版），李侃主编，中华书局；《中国现代史》(上下册) 王桧林主编，高等教育出版社；《世界史》六卷本，吴于廑、齐世荣主编，高等教育出版社跟大家先说一下英语的复习吧。
学英语免不了背单词这个难关，词汇量上不去，影响的不仅是考试成绩，更是整体英语能力的提升；背单词也是学习者最感到头痛的过程，不是背完了转身就忘，就是背的单词不会用，重点单词主要是在做阅读的时候总结的，我把不认识不熟悉的单词全都挑出来写到旁边，记下来反复背直至考前，总之单词这一块贵在坚持，背单词的日程一定要坚持到考研前一天。
2013至2017世界史考研真题整理
2014年考研安徽师大世界史真题一、名词解释（100） 1.汉谟拉比法典 2.巴比伦之囚 3.大流士改革 4.米兰敕令 5.大化改新 6.末日审判书7.甘地主义8.阿拉曼战役9.苏共二十大10.亚非会议二、材料分析题（80）1、什么是垄断组织、其出现的原因和影响（3小问）2、十四点原则提出的背景、主要内容和影响（3小问）三、论述题（120）1、希腊化时代的文化特征和影响2、地理大发现及商业革命的成因及形成条件3、1861年改革的内容及影响2016安徽师范大学世界史考研真题乌鲁卡基那改革，梭伦改革，希罗多德，尼西亚会议，末日审判书，拿破仑法典，加富尔，全国工业复兴法(一)1.阿拉伯伊斯兰文化形成繁荣的有利条件;2.列举5个关于阿拉伯伊斯兰文化的成就;3.阿拉伯伊斯兰文化影响(二)1.第二次工业革命开始和结束的时间;2.第二次工业革命特点;3.第二次工业革命影响1.16到18世纪欧洲进入资本主义社会逐渐走向世界前列，东方衰落的原因2.一战的影响3.论述戴高乐的独立自主政策2017安徽师范大学世界史一，名词解释巴布尔不干涉政策黄金草原黄金诏书七十七国集团共产党宣言日俄战争大觉醒运动罗马民法大全耶稣会二，材料分析题两段材料都来自吴六本世界近代史（1）荷兰为什么被打败（2）英法争霸英国胜利的原因（3）西欧近代的殖民对殖民地的影响（1）两党制的实质（2）两党制的作用（3）一是多党制，二是无党制，三是虽有政党，但只是装饰，分别指出这三个国家是？？三，论述题1.罗马3世纪危机的表现，原因，影响2.试述斯大林模式3.战后艾礼德政府的政策和作用，北京大学历史学世界史2013考研真题简答题共5道每题24分1、简述伯罗奔尼撒战争后希腊城邦衰落的原因。
2、简述黑死病给欧洲带来的影响，和欧洲是如何摆脱黑死病的肆虐的。
3、简述穆罕默德。
阿里改革的内容和影响。
4、简述1853——1857年印度民族大起义之后英印国家的改革内容和影响。
2017年各大院校历史学考研真题汇总
二，材料题 1，隋唐府兵制 2，清初的文化政策 3，孙中山的民族主义，试评排满思想
三，简答题 1，简述春秋战国的\"华夷之辨\" 2，简述唐宋时期的变化和唐宋变革论 3，简评新文化运动
四，论述题 1，论述明朝皇帝的群体特征 2，论述国共两次合作的形成及影响
2017 年天津师范大学历史学考研真题
613 历史学基础 1
一，名词解释 1，古公亶父 2，牛李党争 3，忽里台制
4，木兰秋弥 5，劝学篇 6，天津教案 7，保皇会 8，麦克马洪线 9，三一八惨案
二，简答题 1，八王之乱过程影响 2，刘晏理财 3，绍兴和议内容和意义 4，考据学产生原因和成果 5，第二次鸦片战争后中国政局变化 6，辛亥革命时期思想变化 7，五四运动起因经过 8，第一次工人运动高潮
四，论述题（二选一） 1，清代疆域贡献 2，三次人口南迁
2017 年厦门大学历史学考研真题
642 历史学基础
一，名词解释 1，甘地 2，华盛顿会议 3，伊苏斯战役 4，郑玄 5，乡村建设运动 6，索贡巡行 7，天圣令 还有三个记不住了……
二，材料题 1，湘军 曾国藩 加标点 问其影响 2，第二个不知道，木偶之类的问比喻意义
三，论述题 1，分封到郡县 2，科举 唐宋到清 3，罗斯福新政 4，18 世纪欧洲君主加强中央集权
2017 年苏州大学历史学考研真题
659 中国史专业基础综合 一，名词解释（6×10 分） 1，云梦秦律 2，南衙北司 3，更戍法 4，军机处 5，总理衙门 6，红军长征
二，简答（6×20 分） 1，吴起变法的内容及其作用 2，唐朝农民战争的原因及历史作用 3，北宋加强中央集权的措施 4，黄宗羲的政治思想 5，清政府镇压太平天国起义的措施 6，国共两次合作的异同
中国通史（2）
中国通史（2）江西师范大学硕士研究生入学考试初试科目考试大纲科目代码、名称: 719 中国通史适用专业: 0601L1考古学及博物馆学、060200 中国史一、考试形式与试卷结构（一）试卷满分及考试时间本试卷满分为300分，考试时间为180分钟。
（二）答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。
试卷由试题和答题纸组成；答案必须写在答题纸相应的位置上。
（三）试卷内容结构（考试的内容比例及题型）各部分内容所占分值为：第一部分中国古代史 150分第二部分中国近现代史150分（四）试卷题型结构名词解释题（概念题）：8小题，每小题10分，共80分简答题（简述题）： 4小题，每小题15分，共60分材料分析题（综合题）：2小题，每小题30分，共60分论述题（综合题）： 2小题，每小题50分，共100分二、考查目标（复习要求）全日制攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试《中国通史》科目考试内容包括中国古代史、中国近现代史等2门历史学科基础课程，要求考生系统掌握基本史实，了解中国历史发展的基本线索和阶段特征；掌握基本理论，能正确运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的观点，分析、比较和评价重要的历史事件和人物；了解历史研究的基本史料并能以科学的理论和方法分析解读；能辨析史料的价值、偏颇或局限，获取有效信息。
三、考查范围或考试内容概要第一部分：中国古代史第一章史前时代1、旧石器时代古人类2、新石器时代主要文化遗存3、原始社会的婚姻形式和社会群体组织形态4、母系氏族公社和父系氏族公社的主要特征5、古史传说第二章夏商西周1、二里头文化与夏文化2、夏朝及其国家形态3、商朝及其考古发现4、商朝的国家机构5、西周的盛衰6、西周的制度和社会结构7、夏商西周的经济与文化第三章春秋战国1、大国争霸与七雄兼并2、社会经济与社会变动3、大夫兼并与变法运动4、百家争鸣和文化科技第四章秦汉1、秦朝的历史地位2、秦朝二世而亡的历史教训3、楚汉之争与西汉建立4、与民休息政策与文景之治5、汉武帝的统治与西汉的强盛6、西汉后期的社会危机与王莽改制7、光武中兴与东汉政治的演变8、秦汉社会经济的发展9、秦汉社会结构与社会矛盾10、秦汉的民族关系11、秦汉的思想、文化和科技第五章魏晋南北朝1、军阀混战与三国鼎立2、西晋的短暂统一及其崩溃3、东晋南朝的政治4、江南社会经济的发展5、十六国北朝的政治形势与民族关系6、北魏孝文帝改革与北方经济复苏7、北朝的分裂与统一8、魏晋南北朝时期士族的盛衰9、魏晋南北朝的思想、文化与科技第六章隋唐五代1、隋朝的建立与统一2、隋朝的制度与隋炀帝的统治3、唐朝的建立和“贞观之治”4、武则天和唐玄宗5、唐前期的国家制度与社会经济6、安史之乱与唐后期政局7、唐后期的财政改革与社会经济8、隋唐的民族关系与中外关系10、隋唐的思想、文化和科技11、五代十国的政治与经济第七章宋、辽、西夏、金、元1、北宋建立与专制集权的加强2、北宋中期的统治危机与王安石变法3、辽、西夏、金的建立及其制度4、南宋的偏安统治4、宋、辽、西夏、金的关系5、元朝的统一及其历史影响6、元朝的百年统治7、宋元时期的社会经济8、宋元的思想、文化与科技9、宋元对外经济文化交流第八章明、清（鸦片战争前）1、明初专制集权政治的强化2、明中期的政治、社会危机与张居正改革3、明后期政治与明末农民战争4、清代多民族国家的统一及其疆域的奠定5、清朝的政治制度与统治政策6、康乾盛世及其社会问题7、明清社会经济的发展与社会的变动8、明清对外关系与贸易9、明清思想、文化和科技参考教材或主要参考书：朱绍侯、齐涛、王育济主编《中国古代史》第5版（上下册），福建人名出版社2010年版。
2010-2013年江西师范大学827真题
江西师范大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题（ A 卷）专业：学科教学（英语）科目：英语综合注：考生答题时，请写在考点下发的答题纸上，写在本试题纸或其他答题纸上的一律无效。
Ⅰ.Vocabulary: (20 points, 1 X 1)Directions: Choose the best word which has the closest meaning to the underli -ned word in the sentence.1.Hauchecome’s death was bought about by ________.A) remorse B) accusation C) rheumatism D) frustration2.Jack _______ crimson with embarrassment when his girl friend saw his dirty socks under the sheet.A) disputed B) fumbled C) flushed D) stopped3.The boy had a _______ expression because of silly mistakes he had made.A) rustic B) shamefaced C) incredulous D) desperate4.The poem handles the problem of instinct _______ intellect in man.A) versus B) positive C) implement D) academic5.The government _______ its policy of helping the unemployed.A) implemented B) enriched C) enrolled D) plagued6.Obviously, the Chairman’s marks at the conference were _______ and not planned.A) substantial B) spontaneous C) simultaneous D) synthetic7.Reporters and photographers alike took great _______ at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.A) annoyance B) offence C) resentment D) irritation8.These continual _______ in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.A) transitions B) transformations C) exchanges D) fluctuations9.Susan has _______ the elbows of her son’s jacket with leather patches to make it more durable.A) reinforecd B) sustained C) steadied D) confirmed10.Although we tried to concentrate on the lecture, we were _______ by the noise from the next room.A) distracted B) displaced C) dispersed D) discarded11.The reason why so many children like to eat this new brand of biscuit is t-hat it is particularly sweet and _______.A) fragile B) feeble C) brisk D) crisp12.There is supposed to be a safety _______ which makes it impossible for trains to collide.A) appliance B) accessory C) machine D) mechanism13.For years now, the people of that faraway country have been cruelly _____ by a dictator.A) depressed B) immersed C) oppressed D) cursed14.Ever since the rise of industrialism, education has been _______ towards producing workers.A) harnessed B) hatched C) motivated D) geared15.He developed a _______ attitude after years of frustration in his career.A) sneaking B) disgusted C) drastic D) cynical16.They believed that this was not the _______ of their campaign for equality but merely the beginning.A) climax B) summit C) pitch D) maximum17.Several guests were waiting in the _______ for the front door to open.A) porch B) vent C) inlet D) entry18.As the mountains were covered with a _______ of cloud, we couldn’t see their tops.A) coating B) film C) veil D) shade19.We couldn’t really afford to buy a house so we got it on hire purchase and paid monthly _______.A) investments B) requirements C) arrangements D) installments20.The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely an _______.A) illusion B) impression C) image D) illumⅡ.Reading Comprehension: (40 points, 1 X 2)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by so me questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked a, b, c, and d. You should decide on the best choice and write the an swer on the Answer Sheet.TEXT 1Pygmies are the earliest-known inhabitants of central Africa. They lived in t he Congo basin long before other groups migrated there--their presence confirm ed in ancient Egyptian records. They are gentle, peaceful people who conceal t he-mselves well in the rainforest. They have in recent times had to share with immigrant farmers. Pygmies do not farm, but trade meat, honey and other for -est products for knives, metal tools ,rice, corn and bananas. They are lighter skinned than some of their neighbors and different in stature. Adults are 1.2 to 1.5m tall.The Efe group of Pygmies of the Ituri forest in eastern Congo is one of the last to retain its original culture. The Efes, whose existence is threatened by l -ogging and farming in the forests in which they hunt, are among the Burundi group of Pygmies who live in north-eastern Congo.In Cameroon, there is a population of 35,000 Baka Pygmies,but this number is uncertain because of the group’s semi-nornadic lifestyle in wandering the ra -inforest in search of game and other foods. During the three-month rainy seas -on, when food is plentiful, the Baka leave their permanent villages to roam th e forest, rarely staying in one place more than a week.Men contract marriages during this crucial season; they prove their hunting a -bility by the game they bring home to the parents of a future wife.Men from farming tribes sometimes marry Pygmy women, although there is a ban again -st Pygmy men marrying women from farming tribes.Within the Baka culture, hunting elephant is one of the most important activ -ities,not only for food but for the symbolic meanings and prestige traditionally attached to it. Elephant hunting is linked to other cultural activities, including men’s initiation and women’s ritual songs.Hunting is performed with poisoned arrows, bows, crossbows, spears and traps. The Baka are interested in the out -side world while maintaining their identity and independence. And though they are attracted by much of what the outside world offers, they have always had access to the forest,a world that is completely their own.Their culture is robust enough to survive as long as the forest remains. Without it this culture will be meaningless.21.The fact that Pygmies are the earliest Central African inhabitants has been ______.A)established B)made C)discovered D)explored22.Pygmies are gentle and peaceful people who in stature is ________.A)unusually big C)normally smallB)normally big D)quite normal23.________fails to denote the name of a country.A)the Congo B)Ituri C)Burundi D)Cameroon24.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A)A Baka Pygmy marriage takes place in the rainforestB)Of all Pygmies, the Efe group is the last group keeping its primitive cultureC)Pygmy men are forbidden to marry women from farming tribesD)Pygmy women are not forbidden to marry men from farming tribes25.Robust as Pygmy culture is, it can according to the text, by all means surv -ive ________.A)to the end of this centuryB)the next centuryC)the culture of farming tribes long in the outside worldD)as long as there is the rainforestTEXT 2The use of chemicals in almost all areas of life has become a commonplace phenmoenon. There is growing evidence ,however, that chemicals in the envir -onment, including pesticides, may contribute to some illnesses. While studies are still being conducted preliminary conclusions point to the verdict that such chemicals are indeed negatively impacting those humans to whom they are exp -osed.Children are especially vulnerable to toxic substancs. Pound for pound, they eat, drink and breathe more than adults,all of which expose them more heavily to those chemicals to which most individuals encounter on a daily basis. Fur-theremore, their bodies are still in developing stages, exacerbating the negative effects of those chemicals which negatively impact them.Of 50 types of pesticieds commonly used in American schools a study cond -ucted by the National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides found thatmany caused negative reactions in laboratory animals. Such negative effects inc -luded kidney and liver damage, cancer, and neurological and reproductive prob -lems.These implications of these findings are far-reaching, Given the variety of ha -rmful effects attributed to those pesticides tested, one must pause and consider whether it is wise to continue their use in the nation’s schools,where children will be constantly exposed to them. Activists have lobbied for the elimination of such use with a degree of success, and recent findings, if supported by fur -ther analysis and confirmation, may help further the cause. A long term soluti on or alternative, however, remains elusive.In the short run, however, there may be some measures that can be taken to mitigate the harmful effects of dangerous pesticides. The American Medical Association’s Council on Scientific Affairs concluded in a 1997 report that giv-en the “particular uncertaint regarding the long-term health effects of low-dose pesticide exposures.”It is “prudent”for adults and children to limit their expos -ure and to “consider the use of the least toxic chemical pesticides or non-che-mical alternatives”.26.The citing of dangerous effects of pesticides on laboratory animals in paragr -aph 3 is used to suggest that _______.A)scientists are also concentrated with effects of pesticides on animalsB)cancer is the worst effect of the pesticidesC)most or all of the dangerous effects of pesticides are now knownD)the chemicals may also cause these effects in humans27.Children are more likely than adults to suffer the negative effects of pestici-des because ________.A)children absorb more pesticides than adults, proportionallyB)pesticides are used more in areas with childrenC)the pesticides used in schools are more dangerous than other pesticidesD)adults know more about pesticides than children28.The main point of this text is that _________.A)pesticides are dangerous and their uses need to be reevaluatedB)children suffer most from the effects of pesticidesC)schools are most responsible for pesticide-relate illnessesD)pesticides should be eliminates everywhere29.The author mentions the exaggerated effects of chemicals on children in par -agraph 2 to _____.A)prove that pesticides are dangerous to all humansB)show that children are more susceptible to many kinds of dangersC)suggest a solution to the problem of pesticidesD)identify one group that pesticides hurt in particular30.The author cites the American Medical Association’s advice in paragraph 4 in order to ________.A)present more factual details to clarify the issueB)present an alternative theory for considerationC)present a recommendation from a reputable sourceD)Present a solution drawn from all the evidence consideredTEXT 3It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip to Angola in 1997,to support the Red Cross’s campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television scre -ens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injure -d in explosions caused by landmines.”I knew the statistics”,she said,”But putti-ng a face to those figures brought the reality home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13-year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her.”The Princess concluded with a simple message:”We must stop landmines”. And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message. But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British government,which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack on the princess in the press. They described her as”very ill -informed”and a “loose cannon”. The princess responed by brushing aside the Criticisms:”This is a distraction we do not need. All I’m trying to do is help”. Opposition parties, the media and public immediately voiced their support for Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British go-vernment ‘s policy regarding landmines.The result was a severe embarrassment for the government. To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary,Malcolm Rifkin, claimed taht the Princess’s views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and that it was “working towards”a worldwide ban. The Defense Secretary , Michael Portilo, claimed the matter was “a misinterpretation or misunderstanding.”For the Princess,the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering lan -dmines can cause. She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get colser to people and their problems.31.Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997_______.A)to clarify the British government’s stand on landminesB)to establish her image as a friend of landmine victimsC)to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims thereD)to voice her support for a total ban of landmines32.What did Diana mean when she said “putting a face to those figures broug-ht the reality home to me”(Line 5, Para,1)?A)Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statisticsB)She just couldn’t bear to meet the landmine victims face to faceC)The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back homeD)Seeing the pain of the victims made she realized the seriousness of the situa -tion33.Some members of the British government criticized Diana because ______.A)she had not consulted the government before the visitB)she was ill-informed of the government’s policyC)they were actually opposed to banning landminesD)they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola34.How did Diana respond to the criticisms?A)She made more appearances on TVB)She paid no attention to themC)She rose to argue with her opponentsD)She met the 13-year-old girl as planned35.What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?A)It had caused embarrassment to the British governmentB)It had greatly promoted her popularityC)It had brought her closer to the ordinary peopleD)It had affected her relations with the British governmentTEXT 4“History is written by the victors.”This famous phrase reverberates througho -ut the halls of history, constantly reminding us to take all that we learn with a grain of salt, knowing that the information provided for our dissemination was provided, shaped and influenced by this left to hold the pen that recorded it. In that respect, one of the worst crimes against history is the revision ofit, the altering of the record of the past so as to reflect the viewpoint of a biased group who stand to benefit from the altered version.By revising the lens by which history is judged, valuable information is lost, to the detriment of both students of the filed as well as the awareness that co-mes from experience. Without an accurately recorded account to serve as guidi -ng light, nations and societies are left to stumble their way about their affairs, ignorant of what has and hasn’t worked before, and unaware of what past ev -ents shaped and determined their present situation. Such dismal situations emer -ge from simple pride, as well as the desire of the revisionists to depict thems -elves in a better light to posterity or to cover up an embarrassing legacy, no matter the cost to the future.Recent attempts by nations involved in the second World War to minimize or erase altogether certain shameful incidents from their history textbook has been met with international outrage and protest, and rightly so. By allowing fu -ture generations to forget or never even learn about how their ancestors stumb -led on the path to progress, the experiences of those who suffered as a result of those mistakes are trivialized and made to be in its information. Both are heinous results for both nationals of that particular nation as well as those of the international community,whose stories intertwine to form the large picture.When a single string in the tapestry of world history is unraveled by revisio -n, the entire piece becomes a weaker one, subject to additional modification at the whim of those who would like to use history as a tool for their own purposes, even if it means fundamentally changing it. This outcome must be avoided at all costs, firstly by not allowing a precedent to be established that makes it acceptable, even in a single case, to commit the revision. Otherwise, humans as a race will fall prey to yet another oft-quoted phrase:”History, if fo -rgotten, is doomed to be repeated.”36.The first line of the text implies that _______.A)historical accounts are invariably colored by the views and stances of those who emerged victoriousB)those who have the power to do so will often influence recording of events to favor themselvesC)those who are defeated have little or no say in the documentation of their st ruggle, resulting in a biased account.D)the winners in a struggle have the moral obligation to accurately record eve-nts37.The author views the revision of history as _______.A)indisputably negative in all situationsB)generally harmful when done so to favor one side’s stanceC)always motivated by the desire to portray the reviser in a better lightD)Rendering the revised history useless for the purposeof analysis and learning38.In paragraph3, the author argues against historical revision with the assertion that ________.A)revision of World WarⅡevents has proven that such actions have a negative impactB)such revision results in an undeserved sense of national prideC)revising history has far-reaching effects beyond the borders of any one count -ryD)history is one of the primary concerns dealt with in the education system and should thus be pure39.In paragraph 4,”When a single string in a tapestry of world history is unra -veled by revision, the entire piece becomes a weaker one”means that ______.A).history is an intertwined series of events coming together to form a large pictureB)a loss of reliability in any single segment of history makes the entire histori -cal record suspectC)once one piece of history is revised, others soon followD)as soon as the integrity of the historical record is breached, it can never be fully recovered.40.The main point of text is that ________.A)revising history must be avoided in all situations at all costsB)the revision of history leads to a flawed perception resulting in loss of vital lessonsC)is revision of history goes on, the meaning behind the revised events will lo -se meaningD)historical revision is an international problem affecting all nations and people Ⅲ.Cloze (20 points, 1 X 2)When people __41__ to improve their breathing their initial thought is invar-iably to suck in the maximum possible draught of air __42__ you can’t pour wine into a full bottle. __43__you can’t fill the lungs with fresh air __44__ you’ve first drained them of every drop of stale air,__45__at the best of times only a sixth of the air in the lungs gets __46__with each fresh breath we take. If we breathe shallowly, or fail to clear the lunges of devitalized air, this poor rate of turnover declines __47__further.__48__always start your deep breathing exercises __49__collapsing the lungs as fully as possible. While you breatheout,imagine that you’re a hot air balloon collapsing slowly to the ground. This has a relaxing effect, particularly __50__ you quietly intone the world relax…relax…relax as you exhale.41.A)set forth B)set off C)set down D)set out42.A)But B)And C)Therefore D)Often43.A)At the same time B)In the same way C)More often than not D)Even if44.A)if B)unless C)after D)before45.A)Even B)Especially C)When D)Where46.A)changed B)changing C)to change D)change47.A)still B)more C)less D)farther48.A)Moreover B)So C)Yet D)Besides49.A)when B)in C)by D)on50.A)before B)even if C)if D)just beforeⅣ.Translation(40 points)Part A. Translate the following passage into English (20 points)依照中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法的规定，妇女在政治、文化、社会和家庭生活等方面享有与难自己平等的权利。
2013年江西师范大学考研教育硕士(Ed.M)教育综合真题试卷(题后含答
2013年江西师范大学考研教育硕士（Ed.M）教育综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 名词解释题 2. 简答题 3. 论述题1．德育(广义)正确答案：广义的德育指所有有目的、有计划地对社会成员在政治、思想与道德等方面施加影响的活动，包括社会德育、社区德育、学校德育和家庭德育等方面。
学校德育是其核心，是指学校教育者按照一定的社会或阶级要求，有目的、有计划、有系统地对受教育者施加思想、政治和道德等方面的影响，并通过受教育者积极的认识、体验与践行，从而形成一定社会与阶级所需要的品德的教育活动，即教育者有目的地培养受教育者品德的活动。
2．教学正确答案：教学是指教育目的规范下的、教师的教与学生的学共同组成的一种教育活动，是学校进行全面发展教育的基本途径，是教师教、学生学的统一活动。
其特点为通过系统知识、技能的传授与掌握，促进学生身心发展。
教学的基本形式包括：课内、课外、班级、小组、个别化等。
教学的基本任务包括：①使学生掌握系统的文化科学技术知识和基本技能；②培养世界观、审美、劳动等观念及相应的行为方式；③使学生身心得到发展。
教学不仅在促进个人发展中具有重要作用，而且也是社会历史经验得以再生产的一种主要手段。
在我国，教学是以知识的讲授为基础的，通过教学，学生在教师的有计划、有步骤的积极引导下，主动地掌握系统的科学文化知识和技能，发展智力、体力，陶冶品德、美感，形成全面发展的个性。
3．学科中心课程论正确答案：学科中心课程论是指根据学校培养目标和科学发展，分门别类的从各门科学中选择适合学生年龄特征与发展水平的知识所组成的教学科目的课程理论。
19世纪德国教育家赫尔巴特是最早以心理学为课程提供理论基础的人，他信奉主知主义，把发展人的多方面的兴趣看作一个根本的教育任务。
他认为应当培养六种兴趣，即经验、思辨、审美、同情、社会、宗教，并分别设置相应的课程。
4．元认知正确答案：元认知就是对认知的认知，具体地说，是关于个人自己认知过程的知识和调节这些过程的能力，是对思维和学习活动知识的认知和控制。
江西师范大学历年考研专业课真题_中国古代文学史2005--2010,2012--2014
江西师范大学2005年硕士研究生中国古代文学专业入学考试试题二、名词解释1、楚辞楚辞，其本意是指楚地的言辞，后来逐渐固定为两种含义：一是诗歌体裁。
“楚辞”是战国时代以屈原为代表的楚国作家在楚国民歌的基础上创造的一种具有浓厚地方色彩的诗歌，它是《诗经》三百篇以后的一种新诗体。
所谓“书楚语，作楚声，纪楚地，名楚物，故可谓之楚辞”。
二是诗歌总集的名称。
汉成帝时，刘向整理时将屈宋等人作品编辑成书，定名为《楚辞》，从此，楚辞成为了一部诗歌总集名称。
“楚辞”包括屈原、宋玉等楚国人的作品以及汉初淮南小山，东方朔、刘向等人的仿骚作品。
刘向所编《楚辞》现已不存，目前能见最早的本子是东汉王逸《楚辞章句》，是最早为之作注的作品。
2、新乐府新乐府，即“新题乐府”，就是相对于汉魏旧（题）乐府而言的“即事名篇，无复依傍”的诗歌，指的是一种用新题写时事的乐府诗，它自创新题，抒写时事，不再以入乐与否作为衡量的标准。
新乐府即讽喻诗，是谏官文学。
新乐府诗始创于杜甫，为元结、顾况等继承，后来又得到白居易、元稹大力提倡，他们继承了杜甫现实主义的文学传统，倡导了“重通俗，尚写实”，以创作新题乐府诗反映现实为中心的诗歌革新运动。
3、建安风骨建安是东汉献帝刘协的年号，此时期朝政大全实握于曹操之手，因此，文学史上向来把建安文学作为魏晋南北朝文学的起点，建安文学包括汉魏初期（190-232）的文学，获得了繁荣的发展，取得了突出的成就：五言腾涌，俊才云蒸，作家作品大量涌现，在文学史上占有重要地位。
建安文学的特色是：在内容上反映了动乱的社会面貌和人民丧乱的痛苦，抒发了建功立业的理想和人生悲哀。
（现实主义精神）在艺术上具有一种清峻、通脱、华丽、壮大的文风，风格多慷慨激昂。
（慷慨激昂的风格）前人用“建安风骨”（或“建安风力”、“汉魏风骨”）来赞扬建安文学，就是指建安文学的这种现实主义精神和慷慨激昂的风格，这是汉魏时期文人创作的群体风范。
4、唐传奇唐传奇指唐代流行的文言短篇小说，作者多以记、传名篇，以史家笔法，传奇闻异事。
江西师范大学考研历史学基础真题2013年.doc
江西师范大学考研历史学基础真题2013年(总分：17.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：9，分数：9.00)1.《十二铜表法》（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.阿维农之囚（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.《人权宣言》（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.宗教改革（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.大不列颠治下的和平（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.泰勒制（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.启蒙运动（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.马歇尔计划（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.第一次中东战争（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________二、简答题(总题数：5，分数：5.00)10.简述十字军东征的影响和后果。
2013~2016年江西师范大学719中国通史考研真题(回忆版)【圣才出品】
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圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
2015 年江西师范大学 719 中国通史考研真题
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ2/4
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
2014 年江西师范大学 719 中国通史考研真题
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2013 年江西师范大学中国通史考研真题
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2016 年江西师范大学 719 中国通史考研真题（回忆版）
一、名词解释 1．宗法制 2．文景之治 3．天工开物 4．摊丁入亩 5．林则徐 6．府院之争 7．台儿庄战役 8．中国土地法大纲
二、简答题 1．简评忽必烈。 2．洋务运动性质失败原因教训。 3．为什么说共产党成立是开天辟地大事件。
考研历史学专业基础综合(中国古代史)历年真题试卷汇编5(题后含
考研历史学专业基础综合（中国古代史）历年真题试卷汇编5(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 2. 名词解释名词解释21-28小题，每小题10分，共80分。
1．【中朝】中国人民大学2018年历史学真题正确答案：汉武帝设立的中央决策机构。
又称内朝。
汉武帝为了削弱丞相的权力，加强皇权，采取限制丞相权力的措施。
具体措施是汉武帝从侍从近臣、贤良文学中加以选拔，授予侍中、给事中、常侍等头衔，让他们参与处理国家大事，逐渐形成中朝。
中朝在宫内办公，以尚书令为首，实际上是决策机构。
外朝由丞相为首的三公九卿组成，在宫外办公，成为执行机关。
中朝的实行使中央官制制度化，有利于皇权的加强。
涉及知识点：中国古代史2．【刺史】正确答案：汉武帝时设立的地方监察官。
为加强对地方的控制，元封五年(公元前106年)，分京师直辖地区以外的地方为十三个监察区，每州设置刺史一名，称州刺史，以监察地方。
刺史以六条问事，主要是监察郡守、尉、王国相和强宗豪右。
刺史比秦朝的监察制度严密得多，进一步加强了皇帝对官僚的督导与控制。
东汉末演变为州的行政长官。
涉及知识点：中国古代史3．【察举制】四川师范大学2013年历史学基础真题；河北师范大学2014年中国史真题正确答案：汉代选官制度之一。
武帝采纳董仲舒的建议，于元光元年(公元前134年)冬，初令郡国每年举孝廉各一人。
从此之后郡国每年推举孝廉的察举制度正式确立。
除孝廉一科为察举取士的主要科目外，武帝还不定期设立茂才、贤良方正、文学等科察举取士，以广泛地吸收地主阶级优秀人才。
这些被察举到中央的人员，一般都在郎署供职，由郎官再逐渐升迁。
涉及知识点：中国古代史4．【《推恩令》】2007年历史学统考真题；江西师范大学2013年中国通史真题；扬州大学2014年中国史真题；中山大学2014年历史学基础(A)真题；陕西师范大学2017年中国史真题；南京师范大学2018年中国通史真题正确答案：汉武帝为削弱诸侯王势力而采取的一项措施。
考研历史学专业基础综合(中国近现代史)历年真题试卷汇编13(题后
考研历史学专业基础综合（中国近现代史）历年真题试卷汇编13(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 2. 名词解释名词解释21-28小题，每小题10分，共80分。
1．【国民革命军第八路军】正确答案：抗日战争时期中国共产党领导的一支军队。
1937年8月25日，根据国共合作抗日协议，中共中央军委命令驻在陕北的中国工农红军改编为国民革命军第八路军，朱德任总指挥，彭德怀任副总指挥。
下辖第一一五师、第一二。
师、第一二九师，全军共4．5万余人，为抗战胜利做出了重要贡献。
1947年3月，改称中国人民解放军。
涉及知识点：中国近现代史2．【卢沟桥事变】河北师范大学2010年历史学复试真题；江西师范大学2015年中国通史真题；江苏师范大学2017年中国通史真题正确答案：1937年日本为发动全面侵华战争而策划的一起事变。
又称七七事变。
日本为发动全面侵华战争，于1937年7月7日在北平西南宛平县卢沟桥制造军事冲突。
日军挑起事端、进而发动大规模侵华战争后，中国军队在平津地区奋起抗击日军侵略的作战，称为卢沟桥抗战。
中国人民由此进入全面抗日战争时期。
涉及知识点：中国近现代史3．【八一三事变】正确答案：卢沟桥事变后日本在上海发动的侵略战争。
日本帝国主义继在华北挑起卢沟桥事变，侵占平津地区后，又在华东地区挑起了八一三事变。
8月13日，日本军舰以重炮向上海闸北轰击，海军陆战队也向闸北、江湾方面大举进攻，中国守军当即予以猛烈反击，这就是八一三事变，淞沪会战开始。
14日，国民政府发表《自卫抗战声明书》，明确表明了抗战的态度与决心。
涉及知识点：中国近现代史4．【淞沪会战】南京师范大学2011年中国近现代史复试真题；福建师范大学2013年中国史综合真题；兰州大学2015年历史学综合真题；湘潭大学2016年中国史真题；兰州大学2017年历史学综合真题；天津师范大学2018年中国史真题正确答案：1937年中国军队在上海地区抗击日军侵略的战略性战役。
1937年8月13日，日军以租界和停泊在黄浦江中的日舰为基地，对上海发动了大规模进攻。