虚拟语气语法总结

虚拟语气

在英语文法中有三种语气，即直述式语气(In dicative Mood)、祈使语气(ImPeratiVe MOOd)和虚拟语气(SUbjeCtiVe MOOd),其中前两种我们早已熟悉了，这里则不多谈了，女口： HOW beautiful She is!则是直述式语气，而HUrry up! Do n't hurry UP则是祈使语气。我们主要来看看虚拟语气的主要用法。虚拟语气主要是用来表达一种无法实现的愿望，一种与事实相反的情况，或者将不可能实现的，或可能性很小的事实，假想为事实予以表述。这样的动词结构称为虚拟语气。它主要有三种形式，即与现在事实相反的假设，与过去事实相反的假设，与将来事实相反的假设。它们具体结构如表8 —7。

虚拟语气的构成

虚拟语气其他习惯用法简表

1语法辨析

Incorrect: If I WaS a girl, I would marry you

Correct: If I Were a girl, I would marry you

表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时，if条件句中的be动词一律用Were,这句话应译为我要是个女孩，我就嫁给你。实际上不可能是个女孩。

Incorrect: If I Were you I will not worry

Correct: If I Were you I should n't worry

现在时的虚拟语气主句要用should或would加动词原形，这句话应译为我要是你的话，就没有必要烦恼。要注意这种语态用在这里实际上是想把要讲出的观点表达得婉转些，有礼貌些。

In correct: God forgives you!

Correct: God forgive you!

这里的主语God是第三人称单数，之所以动词不加S是因为要表达一种祝愿，即人力所不能及的事情，实际上是forgive前有一助动词should, May 等,

但在口语中将其省略了。如：May you be happy祝你幸福。

In correct: If the Weather WaS nice yesterday,

We would have gone to the zoo

Correct: If the Weather had been nice yesterday We would have gone to the zoo

因句中有 yesterday 一词即表示的是与过去相反的事实，即昨天天气很不好， 我们也未去动物园，所以if 条件句应用had+过去分词。

Incorrect: If it is was not snowing right now,I will go for a walk

Correct: If it was (were) not snowing right now ， I would go for a walk

虚拟语态be 动词作助动词时，则可用 WaS 来取代were,女口 WaS to 。虚拟语 态中的动词如果是表示正在进行之中也要用进行时态。

Incorrect: If you had taken my advice, you Would have been better noW

Correct: If you had taken my advice, you Would be better noW

这句话的意思是如果你以前要是能听我的忠告的话， 你现在就会好多了。 其条 件句是与过去事实相反的虚拟句， 而主句是与现在事实相反的虚拟句， 这在语法 书中叫做混合虚拟条件句。 例如： If I had caught that plane ， I Would be dead noW 即： The plane I intended to catch craShed and everyone WaS killed

he Would go home at once he Would go home at once

在虚拟条件句中的if 可以省略，但if 省略后其句子的结构要采用倒装语序

Incorrect: SuppoSing your teacher SaW you With me What doeS She think?

Correct: SuppoSing your teacher SaW you With me ， What might She think?

这句话中没有if 条件句，但仍要用作虚拟语态。这里因为有些分词或介词短 语，起到了从句的作用。这些短语有： Without ， providing, SuppoSing ， but

for(you) …

Incorrect: To See the girl ， you Will like her Correct: To See the gir ，l you Would like her

这里的条件句是用不定式取代了。

Incorrect: I'm Sorry I did have come here by car Correct: I'm Sorry I Should have come here bycar 这里的条件句被省略了， 其意为我真应该坐小车来。 同样在句意不会混淆的情 况下，主句也有时可以被省略，女口： What if We should

fail!(我们万一失败了如何)。 If he could do it, Why not? (如果他能做，他怎么会不干呢 ?)

Incorrect: If the earth Were (WaS) to turn from eaSt to WeS ，t I Will give you thiS car aS a gift

Correct: If the earth Were(WaS) to turn from eaSt to WeSt I Would give you thiS car aS a gift

条件句中也常用 Were to 来表示说话者认为可能性极小或根本不可能的事。

In correct: If you'd have told him early, he would have PaSSed the exam

Incorrect: He Were you ， he Would go home at once

Correct: Were he you ， Correct: If he Were you ，