18世纪的英国历史背景(课堂PPT)

London
nearly 1 million end of century
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Agriculture
• Transformed by the industrial revolution
• Invention:
seed drill
• most lands
into 3 fields.
•
Each year 2 fields sown with crops
Cannels
travel
dangerous highwaymen
Smuggling was also very common
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• Tim Lambert • A computer scientist in the university of
South Wales
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Thank you heartily
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The new morality
• Against the fanaticism of the Puritans • Enjoy peace and prosperity
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Town
Obviously: larger
Particularly: in the Midland and the North of England
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Some inventions
• The safety pin • Electric iron • Dry cleaning • The zip fastener
in 1849. in 1882 common 1930s. in1855. in 1893.
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the political system
middle class opinions on political and moral problems
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• 5. Coffeehouse: informal meeting house
• time: later half of 17and18 century • People: all classes • clubs
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Society and Life
1. Population: mid of 18th
2 million
late
over 9 million
2. Main form of wealth :
owning land
Political power and influence : landowners
3. Class: top
nobility
below
rich landowner—gentry
middle merchants and professional men
below
craftsmen and laborers
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The Times
4. Newspapers and Journals:
5. 6. parLeabharlann Baiduies
ideas
The background of 18th century in UK
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1 Industrial Revolution 2 Political system 3 War 4 Society and life 5 Morality 6 Towns 7 Agriculture 8 Food 9 Furniture 10 Transport
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War
The reign of kings or queen: Queen Anne [1702—1714]
George 1 [1714—1727]
George 2 [1727—1760]
George 3 [1760—1820]
the War of Spanish Succession with France 1702—1714
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the constitutional monarchy[君主立宪制度]
Parties: the Tory[托利党]
the Whig[辉格党]
Parliament: the Prime Minister
首相
His/Her Cabinet
内阁
the House of Lords
上院
the House of Commons 下院
the War of Austrian Succession
1740—1748
the Seven Years’ War with France
1756—1763
By the end of 18th century England had become the leading
Naval power in Europe.
Furniture
• In 1778 Joseph Bramah invented patented the modern water closet.
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Transport
• turnpike trusts : [税收] 收费高速公路；收税关卡
first in 1663 common in 18th century
the third was left fallow (unused).
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Food
• Little change:
ordinary people remained plain and monotonous
Poor people: bread and potatoes
Tea:
very common
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2
Industrial Revolution
• Time: late 18th century • steam engines • Higher living standard , more people in towns and cities • The first mechanized industry: textile industry • • The UK was the first industrial country in the world