21世纪大英第四单元单词及课文讲解

New Words and Expressions
1.(para1)washman, washwoman, laundress, laundryman
2.(para1)possess
She was possessed by/with the desire to be rich.
她被致富的欲望所支配。

Many students in the class are possessed by the self-abasement in studying English.
3.bear, stand, tolerate, put up with, suffer
I will not suffer such conduct.
我不能容忍这种行为。

She could not suffer criticism from his teacher, although he is indeed very lazy.
她受不了批评。

●bear, endure, stand常可互换。

bear表示忍受者自愿地承受困难痛苦的心理能力，与can和could连用时，一般用于否定名和疑问句。

如The pain was too intense to stand. Actors who can’t bear criticism shouldn't perform in public.
痛苦强烈得无法承受。

受不了批评的演员不应在公众中演出。

His parents couldn’t bear the burden of providing tuition at that time for his studies in the university.
●Endure (specifies a continuing capacity to face pain or hardship):
Endure 尤指长期面对痛苦、艰难的能力：
“Human life is everywhere a state in which much is to be endured and little to be enjoyed” (Samuel Johnson).
“无论在何处，人类生活总是忍受的苦难多，享受的欢乐少”（塞缪尔·约翰逊）
If those temporarily underachieving students can endure the hardship of studying English, they will certainly pass the examination and get their degree in time.
●stand 常与bear 通用，如果用词确切，stand 总包含着“不退让”、“不畏缩”的“忍受”。

指精神上坚毅，有决心。

He can stand more pain than anyone else I know.
他比我认识的任何人都更能忍受痛苦。

He stood the test of war.
他经受住了战争的考验。

●put up with多用于口语中的否定名和疑问句,强调克服对所讨厌的事物的反感。

●Tolerate, in its principal application to something other than pain, connotes reluctant acceptance despite reservations:
Tolerate 主要用于指除痛苦之外的一些事情，语气最弱。

含有尽管保留但勉强接受之意：The training course should be not only tolerated, but encouraged
4.ashamed (para.5)
be ashamed of sb/sth; be ashamed that; be ashamed to do sth.
5. catastrophe, disaster, misfortune, tragedy
rm通知；告诉(para10)
The headmistress informed us that the school would be closed for one day next week.
女校长告诉我们下星期学校将停一天课。

The sales manager asked his men to inform him of everything concerning the sales in time. 销售部经理让他手下的人把关于销售量的情况及时报告他。

（常与against, on连用）（向警方）告发
6.undertake(para14)
Text Explanation
Para.1 lean-leant-leant/leaned-leaned learn-learnt-learnt/learned-learned lean on/against
The washwoman seldom leans on her stick.
The lazy student always leans on other to help him to pass examinations 一种倒装句型：adj.+as+n+v.
Para.1 count out 逐一数出.
Para. 4 be blessed with
Para. 4 could have+pp.
You could have passed the examination if you had studied hard.
Para.6 speak of
Para.6 at the most/at the least
Para.10
Para.11 rest easy
Para.13 cross oneself。