高中英语句子成分和句子种类

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句子成分和句子种类详解句子成分和结构是英语的基础,是理解和表达英语的关键。英语中许多词类都对句子成分和结构有影响。英语中的句子是由词或短语组成的,这些词或短语在句子中起一定的作用,叫做句子成分。英语的篇章是由句子构成的,不同的内容需要不同类型的句式结构,这些句式结构又构成英语中不同的句子类型。学习英语句法的基础是了解句子成分、句子的基本结构和句子种类。

I 句子成分

组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语和补足语等。

主语和谓语是句子的主体部分;

表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语等是句子的次要部分。

1.主语:主语说明谓语动作或状态的执行者,常用的作主语的词类有:名词(短语)、代词、

数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)和从句。

Subject is the topic or theme of the sentence, which tells of what the sentence is about.

1)名词:The students are learning grammar.

Our teacher speaks very fast.

2)代词:She is writing.

He likes playing tennis.

3)数词:Five is an odd number.

Six is my favourite number.

4)不定式:To learn English well is important.

It is not easy to remember all rules.

5)动名词:Swimming is interesting.

Learning grammar well is difficult.

6)主语从句:What I said is true.

What we can't get seems better than what we have.

2.谓语:谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词是限定动词,有人称、

数和时态的变化。

Predicate says something about the subject and bears the new information which the speaker or writer wants to transmit to the listener or reader.

1)简单谓语

动词:He bought a dictionary yesterday.

动词短语:He is looking for his pen.

2)复合谓语

系动词+表语:We are students.

情态动词+不定式:I may be wrong.

动词+不定式:We have to do something for them.

3.表语:表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语,用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身

份等。充作表语的可以是单词、短语或从句。

Predicative expresses the status, characteristics or the quality of the subject.

1)名词:He is a doctor.

Mr. Scott is a farmer.

2)代词:It is me.

That's something we have always to keep in mind.

3)数词:My lucky number is nine.

She was the first to learn about it.

4)形容词:The classroom is big.

His hair has gone white.

5)副词:I am here.

6)介词:We are in the classroom.

7)动名词:My job is teaching them grammar.

= Teaching them grammar is my job.

8)分词:The film is exciting.

Time is pressing. Let's hurry up.

9)不定式短语:My job is to teach them grammar.

All I can do is to send her a telegram.

10)表语从句:He looks as if he were going to cry.

The suggestion is that we should recite more words.

注意:名词:身份、性质、内容。

形容词:特点、特征。

4.宾语:宾语为动作的承受者。

Object represents the person or the thing that something is done to or the person who is concerned in the result of an action.

1)名词:He is drinking water.

I've bought an English-Chinese dictionary.

2)代词:The teacher is talking to her.

They didn't promise him anything.

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