高中英语句子成分和句子种类
英语语法6之句子的成分和种类
（九）独立成分
与句中其它成分没有语法上的关系的词、短语或固定词组成为独立成分。
独立成分在句中用逗号跟其它成分隔开，它不能脱离句子而独立存在。根据其 表示的意义可分为三种： 1.感叹句—表示说话人的某种感情，长置于句首，有时也可放在句中或句末。 举例：Why,I’ve never seen anything like it. 2.呼语—直接称呼人的用语，用句首、句中或句末，以引起说话人的对方注意。 常用表示人的专有名词表示，也可用普通名词、代词、短语表示。 举例：Quick,boy,go for the tent! 3.插入语—即插入句中的词语或句子，表示说话人对说话内容的看法，态度或 附加的解释，位于句首、句中或句末。通常由副词（短语）、介词短语、不定 式短语，现在分词短语或分句表示。 举例：Most of them,sadly,we never discover. ①有时说完一句话后，如果想补充说明或解释上文，可用破折号引出插入语： 举例：Don't hurry—there is plenty of time.
（三）表语
和系动词一起构成谓语，是名词性复合谓 语的一部分。表示主语的身份、特征或状态， 位于系动词之后。可用作表语的由名词、形容 词、代词、数词、副词、分词、不定式、动名 词、介词短语、从句等。 举例：Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.
To live is to function. A man without a wife is half a man.
（二）谓语
表示主语的动作或状态，即说明主语“做什么”，“是什么” 或者“处于什么状态”。谓语通常放在主语之后。分为 1.简单谓语—由一个动词或短语动词表示，具有不同的时态、 语态或语气。 举例：Roring waves climb the distant rock.
初高中英语句子的成分和基本句型
句子的成分和基本句型句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。
英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。
一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
例如:Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。
He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。
To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短语）学好英语不容易。
二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词．．充当。
例如：We work hard.我们努力工作。
The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。
He is my father. 他是我父亲。
They all look fine. 他们都很好。
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。
例如：I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading.三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。
由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。
例如：Tom bought a story-book.（名词）汤姆买了一本故事书。
I saw him yesterday. （代词）昨天我看到他了。
He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短语）他想要一杯茶。
直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
合称双宾。
例如：He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。
间接宾语直接宾语Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。
高考英语语法句子类型及句子成分基础知识
高考英语语法基础---句子种类分类一.句子种类（按照用途分类）1.陈述句2.祈使句3.感叹句4.疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句。
）具体知识：1.陈述句陈述句(Declarative Sentence)是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。
它包括肯定句（The Affirmative Sentence）和否定句(The Negative Sentence)两种。
陈述句在书写时句末用句号，在朗读时用降调。
陈述句的五种基本句型：(1) 主语+连系动词+表语(2) 主语+谓语(不及物动词)(3) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(4) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语(5) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honesty.2. 祈使句祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。
因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。
祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。
在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。
祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。
Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地！Always keep in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.3. 感叹句感叹句的基本构成形式1）．What(＋a/an)＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语！2）．How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！3）．How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！You can't imagine how crucial a role the pigeons played in the battlefields.你无法想象在过去的战场山鸽子发挥了多么重要的作用。
09句子成分、类型及种类-2024年高考英语一轮复习
(5)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷满分作文)I do expect Youth can publish more classic works and have a promising future.(实义动词expect前加do强调谓语动词) (6)(2021·全 国 乙 卷 )Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact( 影 响)travel to undisturbed places.(谓语动词是被动语态)
(五)定语 修饰或限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句被称为定语。定语服务于它所
修饰或限定的名词或代词,可由形容词、数词、形容词性物主代词、介词短语、 非谓语动词(短语)或从句等充当。定语有前置和后置两种情况,如短语结构、 从句等作定语时,常置于被修饰词之后。 (1)(2020·浙江高考满分作文)I have achieved satisfactory results in recent examinations.(形容词作定语)
句子成分、简单句基本句型及长难句解析 重难知识点复习
句子成分的划分
句子有若干个组成部分,分别承担着不同的作用,这些组成部分叫作句子成 分。英语中的句子成分分为主语(Subject)、谓语(Predicate)、宾语(Object)、 表语(Predicative)、定语(Attribute)、状语(Adverbial)、补语(Complement)和 同位语(Appositive)。
(2)We’ll try our best to make our country more and more beautiful. (形容词作宾语补足语) (3)(2021·全国甲卷满分作文)Because this activity will be presented on the English website, I sincerely want you to offer me some advice.(不定式短语作宾 语补足语)
高中英语句子成分和句子种类(1)
句子成分和句子种类详解句子成分和结构是英语的基础，是理解和表达英语的关键。
英语中许多词类都对句子成分和结构有影响。
英语中的句子是由词或短语组成的，这些词或短语在句子中起一定的作用，叫做句子成分。
英语的篇章是由句子构成的，不同的内容需要不同类型的句式结构，这些句式结构又构成英语中不同的句子类型。
学习英语句法的基础是了解句子成分、句子的基本结构和句子种类。
I 句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语和补足语等。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分；表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语等是句子的次要部分。
1.主语：主语说明谓语动作或状态的执行者，常用的作主语的词类有：名词（短语）、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）和从句。
Subject is the topic or theme of the sentence, whichtells of what the sentence is about.1）名词：The students are learning grammar.Our teacher speaks very fast.2）代词：She is writing.He likes playing tennis.3）数词：Five is an odd number.Six is my favourite number.4）不定式：To learn English well is important.It is not easy to remember all rules.5）动名词：Swimming is interesting.Learning grammar well is difficult.6）主语从句：What I said is true.What we can't get seems better than what we have.2.谓语：谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。
专题二-高中英语语法句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语
高中英语语法1. 句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语1英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号英语中划分句子成分的符号主语在下面画直线谓语在下面画曲线宾语在下面画双横线定语在下面画虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”）状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟）补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙）同位语上下双曲线（都有曲折，上下位置基本相同）考点1.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1. 名词2. 代词3. 数词4. 不定式5. 动名词6. 主语从句等表示。
7. 名词化的形容词（如the rich）在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。
如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。
On the desk are some books. (主语是books，所以用are)Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy，所以用jumps )Gone are the days. (主语是the days，所以用are)练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。
1.During the 1990s, American countrymusic has become more and morepopular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in thisclass are girls.4.To swim in the river is a greatpleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have English testhas not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreignlanguage.9.That he isn’t at home is not true.10.There comes the bus.11.Beyond the village lies a smallvillage.12.Now comes your turn.考点2.谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
高中英语 句子成分及句型
宾语 (object)
表示动作、行为的对象或承受者，由名词、代 词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当。
I love tennis and badminton. I might even visit you one day. I don't think he will come today. She died a heroic death. They didn’t promise him anything definite
说明主语的身份、特征或状态，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或 形容词的词、短语或从句等充当，与系动词一起构成谓语。 Eg. Melbourne is a very beautiful city.
Her interests are similar to mine. You look nice today. All he said was to help us improve our English. All I could do was send him a telegram. We must be off now. They are twice the size of chickens. My idea is that we should stick to our original plan.
状语 (adverbial)
用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示行为发生 的时间、地点、 目的、方式、程度等意义，通 常由副词、介词短语或相当于 副词的词、短语 或从句等充当。
I live in the city of Melbourne. I can actually see the ocean from my home. Please reply if you have time. He came up shouldering a spade. We completed the work five days ahead of time. Seeing this, some students became very worried. He entered the room, his nose red with cold.
高中英语句子成分和句子种类
高中英语句子成分和句子种类
在高中英语中，句子的成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
以下是常见句子种类和其成分的示例：
1.简单句：只包含一个主语和一个谓语。
- 主语 + 谓语：She runs every morning.（主语为She，谓语为runs）
2.并列句：由两个或多个简单句通过连词连接而成。
- 简单句 + 连词 + 简单句：She studies hard, but she still gets low grades.（第一个简单句的主语为She，谓语为studies，第二
个简单句的主语为she，谓语为gets）
3.复合句：包含一个主句和一个或多个从句。
- 主句 + 从句：I will go to the park if it doesn't rain.（主
句的主语为I，谓语为will go；从句的主语为it，谓语为doesn't rain）
4.疑问句：用于提问，通常以动词开头。
- 动词 + 主语 + 其他成分：Do you like ice cream?（动词为Do，主语为you）
5.祈使句：用于发出命令、请求、建议等，通常省略了主语。
- 谓语 + 其他成分：Close the door, please.（谓语为Close）
6.感叹句：表示强烈的情感或感叹，通常以感叹词开头。
- 感叹词 + 主句：What a beautiful sunset!（感叹词为What）
这些只是常见的句子种类和示例，实际上还有其他不同类型的句子，具体的情况需要根据语境和句子的用途来判断。
高中英语句子成分和句子种类 (1)
句子成分和句子种类详解句子成分和结构是英语的基础，是理解和表达英语的关键。
英语中许多词类都对句子成分和结构有影响。
英语中的句子是由词或短语组成的，这些词或短语在句子中起一定的作用，叫做句子成分。
英语的篇章是由句子构成的，不同的内容需要不同类型的句式结构，这些句式结构又构成英语中不同的句子类型。
学习英语句法的基础是了解句子成分、句子的基本结构和句子种类。
I 句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语和补足语等。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分；表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语等是句子的次要部分。
1.主语：主语说明谓语动作或状态的执行者，常用的作主语的词类有：名词（短语）、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）和从句。
Subject is the topic or theme of the sentence, which tells of what the sentence is about.1）名词：The students are learning grammar.Our teacher speaks very fast.2）代词：She is writing.He likes playing tennis.3）数词：Five is an odd number.Six is my favourite number.4）不定式：To learn English well is important.It is not easy to remember all rules.5）动名词：Swimming is interesting.Learning grammar well is difficult.6）主语从句：What I said is true.What we can't get seems better than what we have.2.谓语：谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。
高中英语知识点归纳句子成分的分类和功能
高中英语知识点归纳句子成分的分类和功能在高中英语学习中，句子成分是一个非常重要的知识点。
了解并掌握句子成分的分类和功能，对于理解句子的结构和语法规则具有关键性意义。
本文将对高中英语句子成分的分类和功能进行归纳总结。
一、句子成分的分类在英语句子中，常见的句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、同位语、状语、定语、补语和插入语等。
1. 主语（Subject）：主语是句子的核心部分，通常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等表示。
主语在句子中的作用是执行动作或者是被动接受动作。
例如：- The cat is sleeping.（猫正在睡觉。
）- He plays basketball every day.（他每天打篮球。
）2. 谓语（Predicate）：谓语是句子的动作或状态的核心部分，通常由动词或动词短语表示。
谓语说明主语的动作或状态。
例如：- They are going to the park.（他们要去公园。
）- She is a student.（她是一名学生。
）3. 宾语（Object）：宾语是句子中动作的承受者或影响者，通常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等表示。
宾语通常回答“谁”或“什么”的问题。
例如：- He bought a new car.（他买了一辆新车。
）- Can you pass me the salt?（你能递给我盐吗？）4. 表语（Predicate complement）：表语通常用来补充说明主语的身份、特征或状态，通常由形容词、名词、代词等表示。
表语用来对主语进行补充说明。
例如：- She is happy.（她很开心。
）- The book is interesting.（这本书很有趣。
）5. 同位语（Appositive）：同位语通常用来对前面的名词或代词进行解释或补充说明，通常由名词、代词等表示。
同位语用来进一步说明前面的名词或代词。
例如：- My sister, a doctor, lives in New York.（我的姐姐，一名医生，住在纽约。
句子成分及种类
句子成分&句子结构一、句子成分句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语等;主语和谓语是句子的必需部分；宾语、表语和补足语是句子的必要部分；其他成分如状语和定语,是句子的辅助部分;有些句子还带有感叹语、插入语,它们在句法上与句子其他成分不存在关系,称为独立成分;1.主语: 主语是句中动作、行为、性质或状态的主体,是一个句子谈论的主题;主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等来充当;Some people can’t use the computer. 名词作主语He teaches us English. 代词作主语Three and five is eight. 数词作主语To read in bed is bad for your eyes. 不定式作主语Eating more vegetables is good for us. 动名词短语作主语That you forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused me lots of trouble. 从句作主语广东Do you need more time to complete the taskYes, another ten days _____ enough.A, is B, are C, was D, were2.谓语: 谓语用来说明主语的行动、动作或所处的状态;谓语由动词或短语动词充当,一般放在主语之后;谓语可分为简单谓语和合成谓语;The boy speaks Japanese. 简单谓语Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 简单谓语I can play the baseball. 合成谓语Our city becomes more beautiful. 合成谓语3.宾语: 宾语表示动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式或起名词作用的其他成分充当;I bought a book. 单宾语,名词The news surprised us. 单宾语,代词He told me the news about it. 双宾语,代词/名词A friend lent some money to me. 双宾语, 名词/代词We consider him an honest boy. 复合宾语Mr. Wang always makes his classes interesting. 复合宾语4.表语：表语用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等,与前面的连系动词一起构成系表结构作复合谓语;My pen friend is an American boy. 名词This book isn’t mine. 代词He was the first to come to school yesterday. 数词The man looks strong. 形容词My father is out. 副词His job is to clean the school. 动词不定式短语The dictionary is in the bag. 介词短语Wasting time is killing yourself. 动名词短语The trouble is that she has lost his phone number. 从句5.定语：定语是用来修饰名词或代词的句子成分,分为前置定语和后置定语两种; （1）前置定语：常用来充当前置定语的有形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格,动词-ing 形式等;We had a good time in the park. adj.His father is doctor. pron.She cut the meat into two pieces. numeralThis is a stone table. n.Let’s put the child in the sleeping bag. v-ing（2）后置定语: 常用来充当后置定语的有形容词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语、分词短语和从句等;I have got something interesting to tell every one of you. Adj.The trees around were cut last week. Adv.Would do you like something to drink InfinitiveThe book on the bed is mine. Prepositional phraseThe model plane flying in the sky is made by Bill. Present participleThe woman who stands at the gate is my mother. Subordinate clause6.状语：状语常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子;它可以表示时间、地点、程度、原因、目的、结果等;状语常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词短语、从句等担当;They are walking in the park.He was looking everywhere for Jane.She was deeply moved by the story I told her.I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a long time.He spoke so fast that I couldn’t hear clearly what he said.7.补足语: 补足语是用来说明主语或宾语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分;含有宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态时,宾语补足语成了主语补足语;可以作为补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等;You must keep your bedroom clean.He was once again found wandering along the street.现在分词作主语补足语His parents made him stay at home. 动词不定式作宾语补足语→He was made to stay at home by his parents. 动词不定式作主语补足语8.同位语: 对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明,与其在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分即同位语;同位语常置于被说明的词之后;同位语由名词、代词、数词、从句等充当;This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.We each have a cellphone now.You may leave it to us two.We are excited about the news that we win the match.9.独立成分: 在句子中插入一个词或短语,这个词或短语并不和其他成分发生语法关系,此时这个词或短语就是一种独立成分;独立成分包括称呼语、感叹语、插入语等;Hurry up, friends, or we’ll be late. 称呼语作独立成分Aha I’ve got you right here. 感叹语作独立成分By the way, what do you usually do at weekend 插入语作独立成分二、句子结构英语句子按照结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句;1.简单句：只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语的句子叫简单句;判断下列句子属于哪种简单句的基本句型：We walked and laughed.The children are playing.Children often sing this song.I don’t know what to do.My bike is new.He became a famous scientist.Mr. Wu teaches us English.My father bought me a new camera.We can hear someone playing the violin next door.We can keep it warm.拓展：There +be +主语+ 状语英语中有一个独特的句型叫there be 结构,该结构表示“某地/某时存在某人/某物”;There 无意义,be是谓语动词,它后面的名词是主语,两者在数上必须保持一致;句子最后为地点状语或时间状语;There is a car in front of the house.There are many books in his school bag.2.并列句: 并列句是由并列连词and, but, or, so等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子;并列连词的基本句子结构为：简单句+并列连词+ 简单句;（1）表示并列的并列连词I help her and she helps me.Both Wendy and Kate are from American.（2）表示选择的并列连词The girls can go with us, or they can stay at home.Either he or she is going to help us.（3）表示因果的并列连词The days are short, for it is now December.The boy did his homework carefully, so he never made any mistakes（4）表示转折的并列连词It is very good, yet it can be better.He is old but he is in good health.That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none.3.复合句: 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫做复合句;主句为句子的主体,从句不能独立,仅用作句子的一个成分,如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等;We shouldn’t give our children whatever they want.I’ll never forget the stories that my grandma told me.He worked for a foreign company when he was in Shanghai.一．划出下列句子中的主语①A mooncake is a delicious, round cake.②I don’t know if it will grow.③ Doing your homework in time is important.④To win the game is difficult.⑤There are some people in our classroom.⑥Five is not enough.二. 划出下列句子中的谓语①I saw a girl.②I love you.③ You should work English hard.④You had better take a bus.⑤I want to give you a book.三．划出下列句子中的宾语①I saw a cat in the tree.②We think you are right.③ My father bought me a book.④We call him LaoWang.⑤We forgot to close the window.四．划出下列句子中的定语①That is a beautiful flower.②This is my book, not your book.③ I have a lot of things to do.④I have met the boy in that room.⑤He has something important to say.五．划出下列句子中的状语①He is playing under the tree.②Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.③ The house is dirty because he didn’t clean it.④He buys a gift to make her happy.⑤If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.六. 划出下列句子中的表语①These desks are yellow.②It is getting cooler and cooler now.③ My work is teaching English,④It sounds good.⑤It smells nice.七. 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me。
英语语法句子成分与句子种类
5.同位语
对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面名词在语法 上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。同位语常常置于被说 明的词之后。可以作同位语的有名词、代词、数词和从句等。
➢They each can get a chance to travel by air. 他们每个人都有机会坐飞机旅行。（代词作同位语)
副词分类：1.时间副词 today（放句
末或句首）2.地点副词 here,there,home(常放 句末）3，方式副词（heavily/carefully,修饰 动词，顺序为vt+n./pron.+方式副词或者Vi+ 方式副词）4.程度副词 so/very(修饰形容词或
副词， so good/very well 5.,频度副词
➢To go to bed early and to get up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一种好习惯。（不定式短语作主语)
➢Travelling abroad is popular in recent years. 近年来出国旅游很流行。(动名词短语作主语）
➢ It is said that she is a promising player. （That she is a
➢There is a gentleman asking to see you. 有一位先生要见你。（现在分词短语作后置定语）
➢Most of the people invited to the party are famous scientists. 被邀请参加聚会的人大多都是著名的科学家。（过去分词短语作 后置定语）
We all find him funny. We found it important to learn English. 我们都认为他很滑稽。（形容词作宾语补足语）
英语句子成分、种类、练习
宾语和宾语补足语一起构成宾语的复合结构
八）其他成分 同位语（从句）: 对其前面的名词、代词做进一步解释.
That is r. Chen, our English teacher.
China, our motherland, is becoming stronger.
The fact that he told a lie to his mom surprised us.
插入语: 对一句话作一些附加的解释.其作用是句子表意严 密化，补足句意，包括说话者对话语的态度，或引起听话 者的注意。 To be honest, I don’t quite agree with you.
To tell you the truth, I don’t like the film at all.
• 一） 主语：表示句子说的是什么人或什么事, • 由名、代、数、不定式、动名词、短语或句子 来充当。 • 通常位于句首。
Animals also have ears. 名词 He will take you to the hospital. 代词 Three plus four equals seven. 数词 To see is to believe. to do不定式 Smoking is not allowed in public places. 动名词 Whether they will come or not depends on the weather. 句子（主语从句）
• (五) 挑出下列句中的定语
• ① They use Mr./ Mrs. with the family name. • ② What is your given name? • ③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. • ④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. • ⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
高中英语句子成分和句子种类
句子成分和句子种类详解句子成分和构造是英语的根底，是理解和表达英语的关键。
英语中许多词类都对句子成分和构造有影响。
英语中的句子是由词或短语组成的，这些词或短语在句子中起一定的作用，叫做句子成分。
英语的篇章是由句子构成的，不同的容需要不同类型的句式构造，这些句式构造又构成英语中不同的句子类型。
学习英语句法的根底是了解句子成分、句子的根本构造和句子种类。
I 句子成分组成句子的各个局部叫做句子成分。
句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语和补足语等。
主语和谓语是句子的主体局部；表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语等是句子的次要局部。
1.主语：主语说明谓语动作或状态的执行者，常用的作主语的词类有：名词〔短语〕、代词、数词、不定式〔短语〕、动名词〔短语〕和从句。
Subject is the topic or theme of the sentence, which tells of what the sentence is about.1〕名词：The students are learning grammar.Our teacher speaks very fast.2〕代词：She is writing.He likes playing tennis.3〕数词：Five is an odd number.Si* is my favourite number.4〕不定式：To learn English well is important.It is not easy to remember all rules.5〕动名词：Swimming is interesting.Learning grammar well is difficult.6〕主语从句：What I said is true.What we can't get seems better than what we have.2.谓语：谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。
高考英语句子成分简单句并列句和复合句
（七）定语
• 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由 以下等成分表示： • Guilin is a beautiful city. • （形容词） • China is a developing country; America is a developed country. • （分词） • There are thirty women teachers is our school. • （名词） • His rapid progress in English made us surprised. • （代词）
• • • • •
We saw her entering the room. （现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order. （介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now. • （从句）
• She came in with a dictionary in her hand. • （伴随状语） • In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. • （目的状语） • He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. • （结果状语） • She works very hard though she is old. • （让步状语） • I am taller than he is. • （比较状语）
（三）谓语
• 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。 动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的 构成如下： • 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 如：He practices running every morning. • 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动 词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
句子成分、结构和种类
语法句子成分、结构和种类一、句子成分1、主语：主要由名词、代词、名词化的形容不定式、动名词、短语、从句来充当2、谓语：表示主语的行为动作或所处的状态，一般由动词担当，位于主语的后面，体现句子的时态、语态、语气等。
谓语动词有人称和数的变化。
（1）简单谓语:凡事由一个动词或动词短语构成的谓语都是简单谓语（2）复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形、连系动词加表语构成的谓语我会说英语。
【“情态动词+动词原形”作复合谓语】_____________________________________________我不知道她的地址。
【“助动词+动词原形”作复合谓语】_____________________________________________陈老师是我的数学老师。
【“连系动词+表语”作复合谓语】_____________________________________________3、表语：说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。
名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语等都可以作表语。
琳达毕业后像她妈妈一样当了医生。
【名词作表语】_____________________________________________那个数码相机是我的。
【代词作表语】_____________________________________________运动会之后我感到很累。
【形容词作表语】_____________________________________________4、宾语：表示动作、行为的对象，可用在及物动词和介词之后。
可以作宾语主要成分有名词（短语）、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等。
直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果，一般指物。
间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，一般指人。
间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前，也可位于其后，位于其后时，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for。
我们支持你的计划【名词作宾语】_____________________________________________他邀请了我去俱乐部。
高考英语复习语法知识讲解讲义(5种基本句型+4种句子成分)
高考英语基本句型英语中常见的句型有以下五种：1、主语 + 谓语2、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语3、主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语4、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语5、主语 + 谓语（系动词）+ 表语一、主谓结构I write、（我写字）You smile、（你微笑）He leaves、（他离开了）She dances、（她跳舞）The river floods、（河水泛滥）The accident happened、（那场事故发生了）某人（或事物）做某事，其中某人（或事物）是动作或行为的发起者，我们称其为主语，后面的动作或行为我们称之为谓语。
二、主谓宾结构I write a letter.You leave your home.He goes to school.She beats me.The flood destroys many houses.The accident causes 2 deaths.上述句子的共同点在于除了表示某人（或事物）做某事之外，还牵涉了另一个人（或事物），这个人（或事物）作为动作或行为的承受者，我们称其为宾语。
三、主谓+双宾结构I write you a letter.His father left him a lot of money.He bought me a new phone.She told me the truth.The government gave him a new mission.在主谓宾结构之外，上述句子又增加了一个人（或事物）作为动作的承受者，也就是又一个宾语。
也可以改写为：I wrote a letter to you.His father left a lot of money to him.He bought a new phone for me.She told the truth to me.The government gave a new mission to him.可以看到，这样调整之后句子的前半部分仍然是完整的主谓宾结构。
高中英语语法：句子的结构、成分和种类(共54张PPT)
3
一、句子成分
1.主语 主语是一个句子的主题，句子所诉说的主体，一般位于句首。但 是，在there be结构、主语不是疑问词的疑问句和倒装句中，主 语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。 可用作主语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、 动名词、短语或句子等。 On the first day, all students went to attend assembly.开学第一天， 所有的学生都去参加展会。（名词作主语。） Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只 怕有心人。（代词作主语。）
make。感官动词：feel，smell，look，taste，seem，appea与特征的词或短语。可用作定语的有形容
词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。
6
一、句子成分
（2）复合谓语：由“情态动词/其他助动词+动词原形”或“系动词+表语” 构成的谓语叫复合谓语。 The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer.天气变暖了，白天变长了。 （“连系动词+表语”构成复合谓语。） He might be able to speak English.他也许能说法语。（“情态动词+动词原 形”构成复合谓语。） 3.宾语 宾语表示行为的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词或者介词之后。可以用 作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词或从句 等。 The Christian Church rejected his theory.基督教会不接受他的理论。（名词 作宾语。）
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句子成分和句子种类详解句子成分和结构是英语的基础，是理解和表达英语的关键。
英语中许多词类都对句子成分和结构有影响。
英语中的句子是由词或短语组成的，这些词或短语在句子中起一定的作用，叫做句子成分。
英语的篇章是由句子构成的，不同的内容需要不同类型的句式结构，这些句式结构又构成英语中不同的句子类型。
学习英语句法的基础是了解句子成分、句子的基本结构和句子种类。
I 句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语和补足语等。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分；表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语等是句子的次要部分。
1.主语：主语说明谓语动作或状态的执行者，常用的作主语的词类有：名词（短语）、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）和从句。
Subject is the topic or theme of the sentence, which tells of what the sentence is about.1）名词：The students are learning grammar.Our teacher speaks very fast.2）代词：She is writing.He likes playing tennis.3）数词：Five is an odd number.Six is my favourite number.4）不定式：To learn English well is important.It is not easy to remember all rules.5）动名词：Swimming is interesting.Learning grammar well is difficult.6）主语从句：What I said is true.What we can't get seems better than what we have.2.谓语：谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。
谓语的中心词是限定动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。
Predicate says something about the subject and bears the new information which the speaker or writer wants to transmit to the listener or reader.1）简单谓语动词：He bought a dictionary yesterday.动词短语：He is looking for his pen.2）复合谓语系动词+表语：We are students.情态动词+不定式：I may be wrong.动词+不定式：We have to do something for them.3.表语：表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。
充作表语的可以是单词、短语或从句。
Predicative expresses the status, characteristics or the quality of the subject.1）名词：He is a doctor.Mr. Scott is a farmer.2）代词：It is me.That's something we have always to keep in mind.3）数词：My lucky number is nine.She was the first to learn about it.4）形容词：The classroom is big.His hair has gone white.5）副词：I am here.6）介词：We are in the classroom.7）动名词：My job is teaching them grammar.= Teaching them grammar is my job.8）分词：The film is exciting.Time is pressing. Let's hurry up.9）不定式短语：My job is to teach them grammar.All I can do is to send her a telegram.10）表语从句：He looks as if he were going to cry.The suggestion is that we should recite more words.注意：名词：身份、性质、内容。
形容词：特点、特征。
4.宾语：宾语为动作的承受者。
Object represents the person or the thing that something is done to or the person who is concerned in the result of an action.1）名词：He is drinking water.I've bought an English-Chinese dictionary.2）代词：The teacher is talking to her.They didn't promise him anything.3）数词：I like six.I want the first.4）动名词：He likes watching TV.I enjoyed working with you.5）不定式：I want to buy a book.My father likes to swim in winter.6）宾语从句：He asked if he might go there.Did you write down what she said?注意：英语有单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语、同源宾语等。
1）单宾语：I can hardly hear the radio. Would you please turn it up?Please stop making noise.Do you understand what I mean?2）双宾语：双宾语指动词后面接指人和指物的两个宾语。
（指人的宾语叫间接宾语；指物的宾语叫直接宾语）其结构为：主语+及物动词（短语）+sb. + sth.Please tell me how the accident came about.（me为间接宾语，how从句为直接宾语）The teacher asked me a question.（me为间接宾语，a question为直接宾语）当直接宾语与间接宾语位置调换时，须在间接宾语前加介词to/ for等。
Would you like to do me a favor?= Would you like to do a favor for me?3）复合宾语：“宾语+宾语补足语”构成了复合宾语，宾语与补足语之间具有逻辑上的主谓关系。
We all find him a nice boy.（him为宾语，a nice boy为宾语补足语）I saw a stranger waving to me.（a stranger为宾语，waving to me为宾语补足语）4）同源宾语：同源宾语指由名词担任的能重复动词部分或全部意思的直接宾语，前面常有修饰语。
laugh a good laugh大笑smile a gentle smile 微微一笑live a happy life 过着幸福生活die a glorious death 死得光荣dream a beautiful dream 作美梦sing a sweet song 唱了一首甜美的歌blow a heavy blow 沉重地一击5.同位语：对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。
同位语常常置于被说明的词之后。
Appositive is the further information after a noun or a pronoun referring to "who" or "what".1）名词：Zhang Sir, our grammar teacher is humorous.This is Mr. Zhou, director of our hospital.2）代词：He himself did it.3）数词：The year, 1988 is important.We two will go shopping this afternoon.4）动名词：My task, looking after these children is important.5）不定式：My job, to teach them grammar is hard.6）同位语从句：I had no idea that you were here.The suggestion that we should recite more words is useful.6.定语：定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。
Attributive is used to modify a noun or a pronoun.前置定语：1）名词：I want an English-Chinese dictionary.He has bought a grammar book.2）代词：This is my bag.No difficulty whatever can stop our advance.3）数词：There are two policeman in the street.Please read the first paragraph.4）冠词：This is a desk.5）形容词：I like red apples.He gave me a vivid description of the battle.6）动名词：This is a sleeping car.The swimming pool is wonderful.后置定语：7）副词：The students here are good.The buildings around are of modern construction.8）介词：The students in the classroom are good.The book on the desk is mine.9）不定式：I have an apple to eat.I have a lot of homework to do.注意：当句子的主语是不定式动作的发出者时，不定式用主动形式表被动。