How to Write the Abstract Section-学术英语写作

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Method
Explain your methods. Now is the part where you give an overview of how you accomplished your study. If you did your own work, include a description of it here. If you reviewed the work of others, it can be briefly explained. Describe the evidence you have to support your claim Give an overview of your most important sources.
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ProblemБайду номын сангаас
Explain the problem at hand.
Think of this as the specific issue that your research or project addresses. You can sometimes combine the problem with your motivation, but it is best to be clear and separate the two. What problem is your research trying to better understand or solve? What is the scope of your study - a general problem, or something specific?
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Result
Describe your results (informative abstract only). In an informative abstract, you will be asked to provide the results of your study. What is it that you found? What answer did you reach from your research or study? What are the general findings?
e.g. “This paper discusses …” is better than “It is discussed by the author in the paper that…”
e.g. “ A set of equations were proposed …” is better than “ We proposed a set of equations…”
Motivation Problem Method Result Conclusion
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Motivation
Identify your purpose.
The reader wants to know why your research is important, and what the purpose of it is. Start off your descriptive abstract by considering the following questions: Why did you decide to do this study or project? How did you conduct your research? What did you find? Why is this research and your findings important?
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Elements of an Abstract
Despite the fact that an abstract is quite brief, it must do almost as much work as the multi-page paper that follows it. This means that it should in most cases include the following sections.
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Academic Writing
How to Write the Abstract Section
孟帆 159384 吴文谦 159387 何恒涛 159382
April 22 2016
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Content
How to start
Elements of an abstract
Linguistic format Other tips Examples
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How to start
An abstract is simply a short, standalone summary of the work or paper that others can use as an overview. An abstract describes what you do in your essay. It will help your reader to understand the paper and it will help people search for a particular work to find it and decide whether it suits their purposes.
13 Past tense is used to describe what was done and what was found !
Voice
Being coherent means that an abstract is logical and make sense. A good abstract uses tense correctly, and avoids too many changes between active voice and passive voice. The past The present Passive voice Active voice
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Conclusion
Give your conclusion. This should finish up your summary and give closure to your abstract. In it, address the meaning of your findings as well as the importance of your overall paper. This format of having a conclusion can be used in both descriptive and informative abstract, but you will only address the following questions in an informative abstract. What are the implications of your work? Are your results general or very specific?
Results
Present them in the past tense. e.g. We derived a closed-form tight upper bound for ergodic capacity.
Conclusions
Use the present tense to state the principal conclusion. e.g. It is shown that when only statistical information of channel …

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Review and understand any requirements for writing your abstract. The paper you’re writing probably has specific guidelines and requirements, whether it’s for publication in a journal, submission in a class, or part of a work project. Before you start writing, refer to the rubric or guidelines you were presented with to identify important issues to keep in mind.
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Tense
We usually use the present simple tense and the past simple tense to get a concise abstract.
Method
Use the past tense to describe the methods employed. e.g. We employed convex optimization techniques to develop …
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Getting Your Abstract Started

Write your paper first.
An abstract works to review the entirety of the paper, including the methods and results. it will be an overview of everything you write about in your paper. Save writing your abstract for last, after you have already finished your paper. You will be able to give a much more accurate summary if you do just that - summarize what you've already written.
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Sentence pattern
Topic sentence
The topic sentence always indicates the primary objective of the research.
some sentence patterns are as follows:
• • • • The purpose of this research is… In this paper, we investigate… The chief aim of the present work is to investigate… The experiment being made by our research group is aimed at… e.g. We investigate multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) eigenmode transmission using statistical channel state information at the transmitter.
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Consider your audience.
For example, in scientific journals, abstracts allow readers to quickly decide whether the research discussed is relevant to their own interest. Abstract also help your readers get at your main argument quickly. Keep the needs of your readers in mind as you write the abstract.