企业社会责任翻译

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CSR企业社会责任英文【范本模板】

Corporate Social Responsibility Project – BA 342 FA14 Introduction：The corporation I analyzed was Valspar, which is an international manufacturer of paints and coatings。

In 1806 "Paint and Color” was founded in Boston, Massachusetts by Samuel Tuck。

Fourteen years later, Lawson Valentine started a company that began the first commercial production of varnishes in United States. In 1832， these two businesses combined as Stimson ＆ Valentines. Henry Valentine，Lawson Valentine’s brother, joined later in 1860。

In 1903 Lawson’s grandson joined the company after earning his Harvard University chemistry degree and invented Valspar. Valspar was the first varnish that stayed clear when water came in contact with it. Due to its success and household name， Valspar became the corporation's name and continues to be used today。

浅议企业社会责任

司社会责任不加区分。我国自改革开放进行社会主叉市场经济建设迄今，学资金，这些闲散资金的所有者即中小股东也就成了上市公司的利益相关者对企业社会责任的研究也逐渐丰富、完善。２００８年的三鹿奶粉事件使得者。这些中小股东一个显著的特征就是分散性，这一特性决定了中小股学者、立法者及社会公众对企业社会责任的期待更多。东的弱势地位。为了保护这些中小股东的利益进而维护社会的稳定，就【关键词ｌ企业社会责任；公司法需要对他们进行倾斜保护，对应的就加重了＿上市公司的相应义务，也即企业对他们的责任，这一责任的主要表现形式就是上市公司的信息披露企业的社会责任的概念的真实义务。企业的社会责任自１９２４年被提出，学者们的讨论就没有停止过，对三．我国企业社会责任的现状及对策企业社会责任的表述也有很大的差异，但概念差异并不能阻碍我们对在我国，企业不承担企业社会责任这一问题还很严重。经常会有企业社会责任本质的理解。 “ 血汗工厂” 新闻曝出，工人的工作环境极其恶劣，他们身体健康没有美国学者多德认为：股东利润最大化仅仅是企业的目标之一，除此基本的保障，比如广州某工人因职业环境恶劣而致使 “ 黑肺” 的形成，之外，它还要对非股东利益相关者负有义务，以维护和提升社会公益。而其维权的方式只能是让医生为其 “ 开膛验肺” 这一壮烈的举动；有些企业相关立法也要在企业的这两个目标之间寻求一个平衡点“ Ｊ。而事实企业还违法雇用童工；企业非正常压低工人工资，减少或不支付保险支上，多数美国学者的企业社会责任都可归结为：企业的社会责任，既包出等问题。针对这些问题，我国《劳动法》、《劳动合同法》都对劳动者括企业的法律责任，也包括企业的道德责任。有倾斜保护。除了这些法律制度的保障之外，更需要企业转变长期以来我国学者刘俊海的观点：“ 所谓公司社会责任，是指公司不能仅仅以的用工意识，尊重和保障劳动权。

名词术语及翻译

OEM:贴牌加工ODM:设计代工Corporate Social Responsibility:企业社会责任CSR Joint venture:合资企业Inquiry:询价Follow up this case/order:跟单order follow up:跟单员sample follow up:跟样Forwarder:货代MOQ:minimum order quantity:最小订单量ETD:预计交货时间Quote:报价Delivery date:交货期FOB:离岸价CIF:到岸价CFR:成本加运费价Status inquiry:资信调查Reference:资信证明人Exchange rate:汇率Force majeure:不可抗力Export tax rebates:出口退税Pre-production sample:产前样PPsampleOffer:报盘+for PI:proforma invoice:形式发票Counter-offer:还盘Repeat order:返单Target price:目标价PO:Purchase order:购货订单S/C:sales contract:销售合同Confirmed and irrevocable L/C:保兑的不可撤销的信用证T/T:电汇D/P:付款交单D/A:承兑交单CAD:cash against documents on arrival of goods:货到后凭单付款A mendment:修改an amendment to the L/CFreight:运费Extension advice:延期通知Directive marks:指示标识Warning marks:警示标Price label:定价标签instruction manual:使用手册，说明书“Snake loaded”flat:蛇形平铺装柜Shipping instruction:装运指示Shipping advice:装船通知CY:集装箱堆场CFS:集装箱货运站FCL:整箱LCL:拼箱Telex release:电放Bank receipt:银行水单Transshipment:转运Partial shipments:分批装运Insurance amount:保险金额+forInsurance policy:保单Insurer:承保人The insured:投保人C.I.C：中国保险条款FPA:平安险WPA:水渍险AR:一切险ICC:协会货物保险条款Malicious damage clause:恶意损坏险Insurance premium:保险费Warehouse to warehouse clause:仓至仓条款Open policy:开口保单Insurance rate:保险费率Claim:索赔Lesson 21. We avail ourselves of this opportunity to introduce to you as a foreign-invested corporation specializing in arts and crafts.现借此机会向贵公司介绍，我们是外资企业，专门经营工艺品2. We want to acquaint ourselves with the supply position of steel products。

关于企业应该承担社会责任的英语作文

企业社会责任：企业与社会的和谐共生之道In the contemporary business world, the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has gained increasing significance. It represents a commitment made by organizations to operate in an ethical and sustainable manner, considering the interests of all stakeholders, including shareholders, employees, customers, communities, and the environment. This essay delves into the importance of CSR, its key components, and how enterprises can effectively embrace it to foster a harmonious coexistence with society.Firstly, CSR is fundamental to building trust and enhancing the reputation of businesses. In a highly competitive and transparent marketplace, customers and stakeholders are increasingly demanding ethical and sustainable practices from companies. By adhering to CSR principles, businesses demonstrate their commitment to ethical behavior, fostering trust among customers and investors, which ultimately leads to improved brand reputation and market competitiveness.Moreover, CSR contributes to sustainable developmentand environmental protection. As businesses grow and expand, their operations often have a significant impact on the environment and society. By integrating sustainability into their core strategies, companies can mitigate negative environmental impacts, reduce resource consumption, and promote environmental protection. This not only benefits society but also ensures the long-term viability of businesses, as sustainable practices often lead to cost savings and efficiency improvements.Furthermore, CSR is crucial for attracting andretaining top talent. Employees, especially the younger generation, are increasingly drawn to organizations that align with their values and prioritize social and environmental responsibility. By implementing CSR practices, businesses can create a positive work culture that attracts and retains talented individuals, who in turn contribute to the organization's success and growth.However, effectively implementing CSR requires a comprehensive approach. Companies need to identify and prioritize the CSR issues that are most relevant to theirbusiness and stakeholders. This could include issues suchas labor rights, community engagement, environmental impact, and ethical supply chains. Once these issues are identified, businesses should develop strategies and policies toaddress them, ensuring that CSR is integrated into all aspects of their operations.Moreover, collaboration and partnership are key to effective CSR implementation. Businesses can collaboratewith other organizations, governments, and communities to address shared CSR challenges and leverage collective resources and expertise. Such collaborations can lead to more impactful and sustainable outcomes, benefiting all stakeholders involved.In conclusion, Corporate Social Responsibility is not just a moral imperative but a strategic imperative for businesses in the modern era. By embracing CSR, companies can build trust, enhance their reputation, contribute to sustainable development, attract top talent, and foster a harmonious coexistence with society. The journey to implementing CSR effectively requires a comprehensive approach, prioritizing relevant issues, developingstrategies, and collaborating with stakeholders. As businesses continue to evolve and adapt to the changing landscape, CSR will remain a critical component of their success and sustainability.**企业社会责任：企业与社会的和谐共生之道**在当代商业世界中，企业社会责任（CSR）的概念日益受到重视。

CSR职位分析

职位名称：企业社会责任（CSR）专员所属部门：企业社会责任部汇报对象：企业社会责任部门经理设立岗位的目的：CSR全称是Corporate-Social-Responsibility，即企业社会责任，所谓企业社会责任是指企业在创造利润、对股东负责的同时，还应承担起对劳动者、消费者、环境、社区等利益相关方的责任，其核心是保护劳动者合法权益，广泛包括不歧视、不使用童工，不使用强迫性劳动，安全卫生工作环境和制度等。

CSR 不是独立于商业目标的事，而是商业目标的重要组成部分。

履行CSR 对企业发展有利，比如扩大销售和市场份额、增强品牌和影响力、降低运营成本（因为口碑好而减少广告支出）、增加吸引人才和投资者的能力，等等。

重要的是，公司运行同时符合经济、环境和社会三条标准是大势所趋，是未来一个企业“必须做的事”。

CSR 既是一件必须做的事，也是一件值得做的事，是企业实现经营目标和企业使命的机会和途径。

工作内容：1.负责公司产品与人的工作生活之间的互动，比如如何让人们生活得更健康积极，这涉及到安全、健康、员工关系等2.调研、评估、策划并执行服务于某个群体的社区型服务3.关注环保，组织策划与环境保护相关的项目，通过创新来实现4.在公司内部进行统筹协调，了解公司整体业务，制定目标，和各部门的领导进行及时而有效的沟通，使公司内部各个部门支持并配合CSR项目的良好运营5.从公司外部获取资源，主要是获取一些社会资源的支持，比如政府和各种NGO组织岗位职责：1.协助直属领导组织、策划并执行企业社会责任项目，协调项目各方关系人，促成项目实施2.协助进行企业社会责任、公益、社会创新、金融领域理论研究，进行资料搜集与整理翻译工作3.承担项目支持工作，如CSR项目相关传播内容的文案草拟，项目物料设计制作，以及音频、视频材料加工剪辑等工作4.拓展、维护外部合作伙伴关系5.收集、整理并分析CSR相关信息，撰写总结报告任职资格：1.大学本科以上学历，经济金融、工商管理、社会发展等相关专业2.拥有项目管理、活动组织经验，项目推广、宣传品制作经验3.有公益组织工作背景优先4.具有良好的统筹协调能力，强烈的社会使命感与团队合作精神5.具备高度解决问题的能力和良好的抗压能力6.优秀的中英文口头和书面表达能力。

什么是企业社会责任

什么是企业社会责任2009-5近年来，“企业社会责任”一词越来越多地见诸媒体，类似的提法还有“企业公民”、“企业责任”、“三重底线”等……这些词汇到底指的是什么意思呢？欧利文•谢尔顿最早提出“企业社会责任”概念企业社会责任是英文Corporate Social Responsibility的直译，也就是很多人所说的CSR。

目前理论界一般认为，是英国学者欧利文•谢尔顿（Oliver Sheldon）在1924年最早提出了“企业社会责任”的概念。

企业社会责任概念在不断充实和完善企业社会责任在全球并没有统一的定义，在不同的历史时期，它所代表的含义不尽相同。

随着时代的发展，企业社会责任的概念也不断充实、完善。

在20世纪30年代之前，权威的观点认为企业的社会责任就是通过管理获取最大利益。

1919年，美国密歇根法院就曾宣称：企业机构运营的主要目的是为股东赚取利润。

这种观点完全确认了企业的经济功能对社会进步的作用，得到企业界的普遍认可和推行。

从20世纪30年代到20世纪60年代早期，企业管理者的角色从原来的授权者变成了受权者，其职能也相应地由追求利润扩展为平衡利益。

企业从要向所有者负责转变为要向更多的利益相关者负责。

在这一阶段，公众成为推动转变的主角。

他们要求企业更多地关注员工和顾客的利益和要求，更多地参与改善工作条件和消费环境的工作，为社会的发展发挥更突出的作用。

他们不断在公开场合喊出他们对企业的期望。

优秀的企业积极响应公众的期望，并且取得公众的支持。

不过企业社会责任的发展并非一帆风顺，而是始终伴随着反对的声音。

在上世纪七、八十年代，诺贝尔经济学奖得主、新古典主义经济学之父米尔顿•弗里德曼成为反对企业履行社会责任的领军人物。

他多次在各种场合论及企业社会责任问题，无一例外地坚持批判的立场。

弗里德曼认为，公司只有在追逐更多利润的过程中才会增加整个社会利益，如果公司管理者出于社会责任的目的花公司的钱，实质上就是像政府向股东征税一样，那么就失去了股东选择管理者的理由。

企业社会责任英文原文加翻译

企业社会责任英文原文加翻译一(英文原文Moral Discourse and Corporate Social Responsibility ReportingBy MaryAnn Reynolds, Kristi YuthasABSTRACTThis paper examines voluntary corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting as a form of moral discourse. It explores how alternative stakeholder perspectives lead to differing perceptions of the process and content of responsible reporting. We contrast traditional stakeholder theory, which views stakeholders as external parties having a social contract with corporations, with an emerging perspective, which views interaction among corporations and constituents as relational in nature. This moves the stakeholder from an external entity to one thatis integral to corporate activity. We explore how these alternative stakeholder perspectives give rise to different normative demands for stakeholder engagement, managerial processes, and communication. We discuss models of CSR reporting and accountability: EMAS, the ISO 14000 series, SA8000, AA1000, the Global Reporting Initiative, and the Copenhagen Charter. We explore how these models relate to the stakeholder philosophies and find that they are largely consistent with the traditional atomistic view but fall far short of the demands for moral engagement prescribed by a relational stakeholder perspective. Adopting a relational view requires stakeholder engagement not only inprescribing reporting requiremenu, but also in discourse relating to core aspects of the corporation such as mission,values,and management systems, Habermas' theory of communicative action provides guidelinesfor engaging stakeholders in this moral discourse.KEY WORDS: stakeholder engagement, stakeholder reporting, relational stakeholder perspective, corporate social responsibility,Theoryof Communicative Action,discourse ethicsIntroductionThroughout this paper, we use Habermas' theory of communicative action (1984, 1987, 1990) as a means through which to critique current approaches corporate the degree menu forsocial responsibility reporting in terms to which these reports embody require moral discourse. We provide a brief introduction to key elements of the theory and ground it in social theory. We then discuss the details as they apply to CSR reporting.Our analysis is conducted in two stages, relying on different portions ofHabermas' theory. In the first part, we examine the conditions that allow for basic communicative understanding. These conditions are the unspoken assumptions underlying communication. In normal communication, four basic universal assumptions are made: that the speaker is telling the truth, that he means what he says, and that what he says is appropriate in its context, and that it is understandable to the listener. In the first part of the paper, we show how models orframeworks for CSR reporting, taken together, address these assumptions and contribute to the effectiveness of CSR reports as a form of communication.In the second part of our analysis, we rely upon the ethical aspects of Habermas' theory as a means through which to provide a normative critique of the body of CSR reporting frameworks. The theory of communicative action suggests that social progress can be accomplished through rational discourse under specific conditions. The discourse must be inclusive, democratic, and free of power asymmetries. Apel (1980) has suggested that the ethical nature of an agreement derives from theprocess used to arrive at that agreement (rather than universal or externally-imposed ethical standards).We use Habermas' principles as a means to examine the extent to corporate communication is reflective of moral discourse.We find that while the frameworks generally promote stakeholder consultation,they fall short of providing other conditions needed for moral discourse. In particular, they fail to provide mechanisms that allow stakeholders with differing resources to participate democratically in discourse.The paper is organized as follows. First,we introduce social responsibility and corporate disclosure concepts related to CSRreporting.Next,we explore widely-used frameworks associated with corporate accountability in the CSR realm. Then, as noted above, we provide a 2-part analysis of how concepts from Habermas' theory of communicative action are currently realized in guidance provided by CSR reporting models. We close with concluding rem arks.Background: social responsibility and corporate disclosureCorporate social responsibility is addressed in current business, accounting and ethics literature. The issue was widely discussed in the seventies and early eighties and then dropped out of sight. The current re-energized focus includes social, environmental and ethical reporting by corporations. The notion of corporate social disclosure arises from a view of social theory which holds that the corporation owes a duty to the society; or has a social contract. One widely cited quotation comes from Shocker and Sethi (1974, p.67):"Any social institution一and business in no exception一operates in societyvia a social contract, expressed or implied, whereby its survival and growth are based on:1 .The delivery of some socially desirable ends to society ingeneral and,2. The distribution of economic, social or political benefits to groups from which it derives its power.In a dnamic society, neither the sources of institutional power nor the needs for its services are permanent. Therefore, an institution must constantly meet the twintests of legitimacy and relevance by demonstrafing that society requires its services and that the groups benefiting from its rewards have society's approval."Carroll and Bucholtz offer a four part definition of corporatesocial responsibility, "The social responsibility of business encompasses the economic, legal,ethical, and discretionary (philanthropic) expectadons that society has of organizations at a given point in time (2006, p. 35)." This definition reflects current thinking on corporate social responsibility and acknowledges the need to note shifts in social environment, these may be social, legal, or political.Corporate investors are questioning the adequacy of this communication approach and have called for increased reporting on issues of broad societal interest. Presently it is estimated that trillions of dollars are allocated to investments based on some social criteria (Sparkes and Cowton, 2004). Confulion may arise with the lack of comparable reporting.Implementable guidelines have consequently been developed by groups proposing models or frameworks for reporting (communicating) and auditing (verifying). Leading examples in order they were first issued are:EMAS (European, particularly German environmental management and audit)ISO 14001(Internationally recognized environmental managementcertification)SA 8000 (Social Accountability Internationallabor standard).AA1000 (International accountability assurante reporting standard).Copenhagen Charter(International standard involving stakeholdercommunications).GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) 2000 (International sustainability report).Models for corporate social responsibility reportingApproaches to social and natural environmental accountability have been developed for various purposes. Classifying them under the umbrella of CSR reporting we will discuss some widely used models and introduce a less well-known model, which may provide additional benefit.Eco-Management and Audit Scheme ( EMAS, 1995,2001)The European Commission set down the basic principles underlying the EMAS scheme in Council Regulation 1836/93 -EMAS of the European Commission. The purpose was improvement of environmental performance and was initially directed at manufacturing firms. This has since been extended to allow broad participation by any public or private entity wishing to participate. The regulation calls for an environmental statement from the entity and requires auditing.Further,there is a continual requirement to document ongoing continual improvement through the of implementation policies, programmes and management systems by a systematic, objective, and periodic evaluation of performance. There is also an obligation to inform the public of the results of the evaluation.The article on participation states that the scheme is open topublic or privateentities operating in the EU or the European Economic Area (EEA).The site may be registered if the site has an environmental policy, asite review, an environmental audit,objectives for continuousimprovement, a statement from each site, verification covering poficy, programmes, the management system, the review and audit procedure, and the statement provided. The validated environmental statement is then forwarded to the competent body in the Member State. The statement is also disseminated to the public after the registration of the site has been completed. The statement should be a concise, comprehensible description of activities at the site; with an assessment of significant relevant environmental issues, including: emissions, waste generation, consumption of raw materials, energy and water, noise and other significant aspects; a presentation of the company's environmental poficy, programme and management system at the site, the deadline for the next statement, and the name of the accredited environmental verifier. The EMAS 2001 was strengthened by requiring ISO 14001 as the environmental management system.Council on Economic Priorities Accreditation Agency Social Accountability Standard (SA8000, 1998)/renamed Social Accountability International (SAI)This standard has a change in focus and is concerned with fair labor practices world wide. It is divided into purpose and scope, normative elements and their interpretation, definitions,and social accountability requirements.The social accountability requirements include: child labor,forced labor, health and safety, freedom of associanon and right to collective bargaining, discrimination, disciplinary practices, working hours,compensation, management systems, management review,company representatives,planning and implementation, control of suppliers, addressing concerns and taking corrective action, outside communication, access for verification and anizationschoosing to adopt this standard are encouraged to require theirsuppliers to comply with its requirements also. This extends it widelyinto global society. Organizations can adopt these standards voluntarily and may disclose their tompliance with the provisions of the standard as part of other statements issued.Institute of Social and Ethical Accountability Standard AA1000 (1999) The first standard for building corporate accountability and trustwas issued in November 1999 by the Institute of Social and Ethical Accountability (ISEA).The ISEA states that the AA 1000standard“provides both a framework that organizationscan use to understand and improve their ethical performance and a means to judge the validity of ethical claims made." The AA1000 standardis described as:an Accountability standard, focused on quality of social and ethical accounting,reporting. securing the auditing and reporting”AA1000 comprises principles (the characteristics of anquality process) and a set of process standards. Thebprocess standards cover planning, accounting,auditing and reporting, embedding, and stakeholder engagement (AA1000, 1999, p. 1).The focus is on improving overall performance through measurement, quality management, recruitment and retention of employees, external stakeholder engagement, partnership, risk management, investors,governance, government and regulatory relations and training (AA1000, 1999, pp. 3-4).Auditing and quality assurance are required as a part of the system. The users of AA1000 are expected to include adopting organizations, stakeholders, service providers, and standards developers. Thus we see the inclusion of societal stakeholders as constituents.Concluding remarksIn this paper, we have adopted the relational view of stakeholders suggested by the theory of pragmatism.Under this perspective, CSR reporting becomes part of an ongoing discourse between a corporation and its stakeholders, rather than one-way communication about past performance. We use Habermas' theory of communicative action to provide guidance on how this discourse can be conducted in a manner that leadsto morally justifiable outcomes. We examine how Habermasian principles are approximated in existing reporting models such as EMAS,ISO, SA 8000, AA 1000, and The Copenhagen Charter.The widespread voluntary adoption of various reporting models allows decision makers interested in social responsibility to evaluate corporations using this information in the context of a perceived social contract. The use of frameworks that approximate principles of communicative action allows investigation not only of reported outcomes, but also of the processes involved.Based on our examination of corporate social responsibilityreporting models currently in use, we conclude that progress is being made in CSR reporting, and communication. Models exist that enablecorporations to report on their social, environmental, and ethical performance. The existing models discussed in this paper offer opportunity for some transparency and greatly enhance the ability for broader stakeholders to compare companies and their performance in these critical arenas. However,the models do not quite move to the level of ethical discourse through which social progress might be achieved. We believe that a different philosophical perspective, making stakeholders an intrinsic part of the discourse rather than peripheral to the process,and engaging them in discourse that is open, fair, and democratic would move society toward moral corporate discourse.Several of the models examined offer aspects that lead in this direction. Modifications of frameworks and frameworks in progress, such as the SA1000 Stakeholder Engagement Standard, provide evidence that corporations and their constituents recognize that corporate accountability is supported by effective stakeholder engagement. As reporting on CSR performance encourages performance improvements,we believe that the same holds for moral discourse.Ascompanies move toward greater transparency in the processes and outcomes of stakeholder discourse, we expect movement toward ideal speech and moral communicative outcomes.。

翻译硕士备考：百科知识名词解释一

翻译硕士备考：百科知识名词解释(一)翻译硕士(MTI=Master of Translation and Interpreting)是为适应社会主义市场经济对应用型高层次专门人才需求而设立的专业学位。

考MTI会有很多备考科目，其中百科较为特殊，百科是对中外常识的累积，如果在过去的上学时间里有累积在复习规程中不会有太大难度，如果没有就需要小编下面的文章了，百科知识中常见的名词解释，分享给大家，祝大家考研成功。

住房限购令：2010年4月30日，北京出台“国十条”实施细则，率先规定“每户家庭只能新购一套商品房”。

9月29日“国五条”出台后，累计有上海、广州、天津、南京、杭州等16个一二线城市推出限购政策。

截至2011年2月，已有36城市提出限购;新一轮住房限购城市将翻番达72个，高压调控楼市跌入“冰点”，据相关专家称2011年房价将得到遏制。

不啻为过热的楼市注入了“冷却剂”。

住房公积金贷款:是指由各地住房公积金管理中心运用职工以其所在单位所缴纳的住房公积金，委托商业银行向缴存住房公积金的在职职工和在职期间缴存住房公积金的离退休职工发放的房屋抵押贷款.住房抵押贷款，又称按揭，是指银行向贷款者提供大部分购房款项，购房者以稳定的收入分期向银行还本付息，而在未还清本息之前，用其购房契约向银行作抵押，若购房者不能按照期限还本付息，银行可将房屋出售，以抵消欠款。

碳排放：是关于温室气体排放的一个总称或简称。

温室气体中最主要的气体是二氧化碳，因此用碳(Carbon)一词作为代表。

虽然并不准确，但作为让民众最快了解的方法就是简单地将“碳排放”理解为“二氧化碳排放”。

多数科学家和政府承认温室气体已经并将继续为地球和人类带来灾难，所以"(控制)碳排放"、“碳中和”这样的术语就成为容易被大多数人所理解、接受、并采取行动的文化基础。

低碳经融：是指服务于旨在减少温室气体排放的各种金融制度安排和金融交易活动，主要包括碳排放权及其衍生品的交易和投资、低碳项目开发的投融资以及其他相关的金融中介活动。

企业社会责任定义 2

目前理论界一般认为，是英国学者欧利文•谢尔顿（Oliver Sheldon）在1924年最早提出了“企业社会责任”的概念。

企业社会责任概念在不断充实和完善企业社会责任在全球并没有统一的定义，在不同的历史时期，它所代表的含义不尽相同。

随着时代的发展，企业社会责任的概念也不断充实、完善。

在20世纪30年代之前，权威的观点认为企业的社会责任就是通过管理获取最大利益。

1919年，美国密歇根法院就曾宣称：企业机构运营的主要目的是为股东赚取利润。

这种观点完全确认了企业的经济功能对社会进步的作用，得到企业界的普遍认可和推行。

从20世纪30年代到20世纪60年代早期，企业管理者的角色从原来的授权者变成了受权者，其职能也相应地由追求利润扩展为平衡利益。

企业从要向所有者负责转变为要向更多的利益相关者负责。

在这一阶段，公众成为推动转变的主角。

他们要求企业更多地关注员工和顾客的利益和要求，更多地参与改善工作条件和消费环境的工作，为社会的发展发挥更突出的作用。

他们不断在公开场合喊出他们对企业的期望。

优秀的企业积极响应公众的期望，并且取得公众的支持。

不过企业社会责任的发展并非一帆风顺，而是始终伴随着反对的声音。

在上世纪七、八十年代，诺贝尔经济学奖得主、新古典主义经济学之父米尔顿•弗里德曼成为反对企业履行社会责任的领军人物。

他多次在各种场合论及企业社会责任问题，无一例外地坚持批判的立场。

Social Responsibility(企业社会责任)

IntroductionThis article provides an overview of the MNC face particularly demanding challenges when their do the business in the other country. They have to face high challenges compare with domestic market. By using the related real business example, we will find many factors that influence MNC operation in other countries. Such as the country differences, cultural, Human Resources, Communication and Foreign Government Regulations and so on. These factors are all important, any of lose may cause operation failure. Finally, this essay will introduce the importance of CSR for the MNC. Different attitudes towards CSR can generate a different corporate image from the society.Main pointA multinational company (MNC) is mean that a corporate registered in at least one country or operations in various countries. A large company provides their same products or service in other different countries.Multinational companies are exist all over the world rely on their subsidiaries or joint ventures. By this way, they can obtain the competitive advantage on other different companies in different regions.A multinational company is a global strategy, through production all overthe world and large-scale operations and cheap labor costs to gain cost advantages. Breadtalk is a good example for a MNC, which is a chain of retail outlets that provide bread, cakes, buns and pastries to customer. It was founded in July 2000 in Singapore and has a good reputation in local community, now it has operated in China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines and so on. So why more and more MNCs wants are operate their business in other country?There are many reasons for companies invest another country. One reason is MNCs have access to more sources of capital than domestic firms because of the international nature of their operations. The other reason is the countries like China, India and Vietnam are wealth of resources, therefore the MNC can get more cost efficient. Sometimes MNCs enter into another market is steady their brand position for their competitors are coming and they do not want to lose the market share.In detail, as an example to Breadtalk operation in China, why are they opening outlets in there? Why they are not continued to focus their host country? The answer is China is the different country compare with Singapore. As we know, Singapore is a small country and the market size is limitation. If Breadtalk continue focus to their domestic market, it is easy to saturate and cannot earn the extra profit from it. They are only famous in Singapore and always a local brand. However, China, which economy continues to growing especially under the background of theglobal economy crisis. It has 1.3 billion people and has a huge market for Breadtalk discovering. It is very easy to obtain huge profits if locals accept one of their products. Moreover, compare with Singapore, China has abundant resources and have many cheaper raw materials for supply. Meanwhile, they also have cheap labor market, which can reduce the operation cost. On the other hand, China has not the more famous brand in baking industry. This is Breaktalk golden period for entering Chinese market. It may helps Breadbalk obtains the first-mover advantage, which first gain control of resources that the other following company may not able to get it. Therefore, Investment in China not only can help Breadtalk improve their brand awareness, but also is a new way to earn the extra profits.However, MNCs who want entry other country market for running successful is not an easy thing. Compare with their domestic counterparts, they have to face higher level of challenges. There are some challenges that the manager should be consideration if they decide to expand its operations globally.Geographical diversificationOne of the main challenges faced by multinational companies is the geographical diversification. This may cause problem in term of management and policy making. Because it is not conducive to the company-wide policy making without taking into account thegeographical diversification. On the other hand, domestic companies do not have this problem. The company founded in home country, their decision-making or policy based on their culture. Their products or services based on the needs of local customers. For instance, Breadtalk, a Singapore company, which is provide the local flavor to Singaporean. But do their business in China; the manager should consider the eating habits in different regions. Whether is accept it, especially in northeast China, which has different culture or habits compare with Singapore.Cultural ProblemsMultinational company has their problems in the cultural difference issue. Multi- national staffs have many different backgrounds. The cultural differences affect employee behavior, communication style and emotional expression. It is a very important concept that culture can distinguish between different people into different groups, for employees will join to their culture similar group with casual. In contrast, domestic enterprises do not have to face this issue. Their employees can clearly and accurately understand each other because they are come from the same cultural background. For example, in Asian culture, the staff is to obey the leaders' decisions, even if they know that this decision is wrong. But in West culture, employees have the right to express their different opinion against the leader. To solve this cultural problem, managers mustto understand the main difference of both culture and then they can better understand staffs.Human ResourcesMultinational companies are also having this problem when it opened outlet globally. For example, as the company recruitment, the HR manager may find themselves have to overcome cultural barriers to find high performance employee for jobs overseas. At some case, the manager may find that there is lack of excellent employee to fill in the key job positions. Therefore the solution is selecting the new employees from their own country. But there are some employees are not willing to work abroad and even if them so, MNC need to pay their high wages compare with the local staff.Foreign Government RegulationsOne of the challenges faced by the MNC is how to deal with different countries regulation, which may increase the company's additional expenses, which can benefit from the policy. For instance, foreign governments make a policy to increasing value-added taxes in goods and services. The related company should to examine this policy to see whether affects on their own operation, if so, how to face it. This could hire local counsel for the company helps them adapt to the local business environment. For example, China have been adjustment some policy, such as the export tax rebate policy, land policy, environment policy andso on. From these adjustments, we can see that the Chinese government will rely more on the market, rather than relying on preferential policies to attract foreign investment. Such a policy orientation will make China pay more attention to absorb high-quality foreign investment, further limit resource consumption and heavy pollution projects. It encourages resource-saving and environment-friendly projects come to China. CommunicationMNC also need to deal with the problem on communication issue. Basically, there are so many employees come from different countries in multinational companies. They speak the different countries language when they working. For them, the biggest difficulty is communicated with others. Even if they are in the same company, also speak the same language. There may be English, German, French or Spanish. However, surely, there are always somebody will misunderstand the meaning and resulting in the problem. After all, this is not their first language. On the contrary, there is no communication problem in the domestic companies. For their employee are come from the home country. They speak same language which is their first language. So it is easily to get every words meaning and do not cause misunderstanding.Multinational Corporations & their Corporate Social Responsibility Aside from the above statement, one of the big challenges of Multinational Corporation is how to treat their corporate socialresponsibility (CSR) related to the local society. A MNC who want to earn the profit in other country and depend on what policy, they must be taken into consideration.CSR has been defined as the firm’s consideration of, and response to, accomplish social or environmental benefits, which the company seeks. There are two sides to the debate, which is defensive approach and proactive approach. The former emphasized maximum the interest of their shareholders and minimal commitment to social responsibility. The latter focused to considerate the all stakeholders’interest and seeing businesses as an instrument to create social value. In today’s world, more and more MNCs are realizing good social responsibility can make them better integrate into the local community. There are many viewpoints supports the latter that Multinational Corporations as a non-profits role is better their operating within society. As a non-profit role, it is better for corporate attained the higher market share and meet the employee high-level satisfaction within society. Therefore, these MNCs can attract high performance employees. The elevated quality of employees can allows MNC raise the level of its goods and services, which may be able to help company get the more market share. A MNC who has the good CSR related to society can save a lot of expenditure and good for company image. CSR has become a cost-effective form of public-relations compare with advertising spending. For example, Yum!,which the world-famous food brand. They always have been concerned about China's next generation nutrition and health problems. It’s mainly take action on the sponsored nutrition and health research. During the Sichuan Earthquake, Yum and their employees have been donated more than￥21 million. In addition, Foundation for Poverty Alleviation launched the "donate one dollar, to send love and nourishment" activities, Yum positive response; they hope that through many years in the health and food professional experience to give disaster children more care. These actions not only increase their brand awareness in China, but also let customer believes Yum group are really care and value people and their opinions. Thus, received favorable reputation from society obviously is better than do any advertising. For the former is the customer’s own perspective to firm, the latter is the company show to the customer what they wants to show.On the contrary, defensive approach is company take a defensive stance to their CSR. These companies will be particularly following with the law to ensure there are nobody can take legal action against them. It is reasonable from the shareholder’s perspective, but it is unreasonable for the MNC long-term operating. Nowadays, company is no longer a moneymaking machine. Instead, as one of the members in society, they should to take their social responsibility. Even if a company has a high-level quality of product, they have a defensive attitude to their CSRand escape to do it. People are still has a negative perception to their brand image, thus affecting the company’s performance. What’s more are MNCs, which faced so many high level challenges that needed to overcome. For example, Seiko Epson Corporation, which is a MNC and provide digital products to customer. Chinese consumers sued Epson ink residue too much. After referred Guangzhou Product Quality Supervision Bureau Inspection and testing, the result shows "ink has run out" of the Epson ink cartridges, black ink cartridges accounted for the remaining 29.2% in the total , whereas the remaining amount of the color ink container up to a 58.2%. Although this company is try to do their best to carry out recycling in the world. However, in the Chinese market they has basically let these ink cartridges with large number of toxic substances drift into China's rivers and land and causing water pollution. Epson these double standards on environmental protection caused the people strongly questioned and dissatisfaction with their CSR. So that Chinese people began to boycott the company's product. This event is not only reduced its sales in China, but also serious damage to its brand image in China, which is difficult to recover in a short time.ConclusionIn conclusion, nowadays, there are more and more company is willing to invest or open outlets in other country. They can obtain the competitiveadvantage on other different companies in different regions through large-scale operations and cheap labor costs. However, they also have to face high-level challenges than their domestic market. At all, different countries can cause the different problem to MNC: Geographical diversification let MNC consider their products or services are whether accept by the different regions locals. Cultural Problems give them a question that how to manage their staff which have variety of background and integrate to it. In addition, Human Resources and employee communication is a big challenges to the MNC. Beside of that, the CSR are more and more important to every MNC. Proactive approach can let MNC has a positive corporate image to the society. By taken the social responsibility, MNC not only can improve their brand awareness shortly, but also can earn the good reputation from the local community. This strategy is good for MNC long-term operating. Company take a defensive stance to their CSR is bad for they build a good relationship to the locals and people are easy to get the negative impression with their corporate which are both harmful to MNC’s image.References- Hill, Charles W. L (2011) International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace, 9/E, McGrawHill Irwin.- Griffin, R.W. and Pustay, M.W (2010) International Business, 6/E.Prentice Hall.- MNCs impact on labour conditions in developing countries - MBSInterculturalhttp://www.munich-business-school.de/intercultural/index.php/MNCs_impact_on_labour_condi tions_in_developing_countries. ( accessed 22/07/2013)-The Mighty Entrepreneur: Multinational Corporations & The Idea of Corporate Social Responsibility-http://the-mighty-entrepreneur.blogspot.sg/2010/03/multinational-corporations-idea-of.ht ml(Accessed 23/07/2013)-Why Companies Invest Overseas | Globalization101-/why-do-companies-invest-overseas (Accessed 24/07/2013)。

中山大学翻译硕士MTI真题及答案

中山大学翻译硕士MTI真题及答案I. Phrase Translation1. 多边合作：multilateral cooperation2. 可持续发展：sustainable development3. 试行阶段：pilot phase4. 应急计划: contingency plan5. 污水处理: sewage treatment6. 全球变暖: global warming7. 新闻发布会: press conference; news briefing8. 市场占有率: share of market; market share9. 研发中心: RD center ( research and development center )10. 跨国犯罪: transnational crime11. 企业文化: enterprise culture ; corporate culture12. 八国峰会: G8 summit ; Group 8 Summit13. 数字鸿沟: digital divide14. 危害品贩运: drug trafficking15. 国有企业: state-owned enterprise16. brand loyalty: 品牌忠诚度17. corporate governance: 公司治理;企业管治18. corporate social responsibility: 企业社会责任19. proliferation of weapons of mass destruction: 大规模杀伤性武器扩散20. global sourcing: 全球采购21. HSBC: 汇丰银行(Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation)22. carbon trading: 碳交易;碳贸易23. deforestation: 滥伐森林; 森林砍伐; 滥砍滥伐24. due diligence: 尽职调查25. code of conduct: 行为准则;行为规范26, market positioning: 市场定位27. cradle of human civilization: 人类文明发源地28. anti-dumping measures: 反倾销措施29. time to market: 上市时间; 上市时机(一个新产品从构思到实际推入市场所用的时间)30. alternative energy: 替代能源;可替代能源II. Passage translationSection A Chinese to English广交会品牌展区是鼓励和引导企业转变外贸发展方式的重要示范平台。

雅思作文企业承担社会责任

雅思作文企业承担社会责任In today's world, the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gained significant importance. Businesses are increasingly expected to not only focus on profits but also to consider their impact on society and the environment. This essay will discuss why companies should embrace social responsibility and the benefits it brings to both businesses and communities.Firstly, companies that engage in CSR can enhance their reputation and build stronger relationships with consumers. In an era where consumers are becoming more socially conscious, they prefer to support brands that demonstrate ethical practices and contribute positively to society. For example, companies that adopt sustainable practices, such as reducing carbon emissions or using eco-friendly materials, are likely to attract environmentally conscious customers. This can lead to increased customer loyalty and, ultimately, higher sales.Secondly, engaging in social responsibility can also improve employee morale and attract top talent. Employees want to work for organizations that alignwith their values and contribute to the greater good. Companies that actively participate in community service or support charitable initiatives create a positive work environment, fostering a sense of pride among employees. This, in turn, can lead to higher productivity and lower turnover rates.However, some critics argue that the primary responsibility of a business is to maximize profits for its shareholders. While it is true that profitability is essential for a company's survival, neglecting social responsibility can result in negative consequences. For instance, businesses that exploit workers or harm the environment may face public backlash, legal issues, and financial losses in the long run.In conclusion, corporate social responsibility is no longer an optional practice but a fundamental aspect of modern business. By embracing CSR, companies not only contribute to societal well-being but also secure their own long-term success. It is essential for businesses to recognize that their actions can have a profound impact on the world, and taking responsibilitycan lead to a win-win situation for both the organization and the community.中文翻译：在今天的世界，企业社会责任（CSR）的概念变得越来越重要。

雅思写作大作文高分范文：关于企业的社会责任

【导语】为了让⼤家更好的准备雅思考试，整理了“雅思写作⼤作⽂⾼分范⽂：关于企业的社会责任”供考⽣参考，请关注！题⽬： As well as making money, businesses also have social responsibilities. Towhat extent do you agree or disagree? 中⽂翻译：除了赚钱，企业也有社会责任。

你在多⼤程度上同意或不同意? 范⽂： Businesses have always sought to make a profit, but it is becomingincreasingly common to hear people talk about the social obligations thatcompanies have. I completely agree with the idea that businesses should do morefor society than simply make money. On the one hand, I accept that businesses must make money in order tosurvive in a competitive world. It seems logical that the priority of anycompany should be to cover its running costs, such as employees’ wages andpayments for buildings and utilities. On top of these costs, companies also needto invest in improvements and innovations if they wish to remain successful. Ifa company is unable to pay its bills or meet the changing needs of customers,any concerns about social responsibilities become irrelevant. In other words, acompany can only make a positive contribution to society if it is in goodfinancial health. On the other hand, companies should not be run with the sole aim ofmaximising profit; they have a wider role to play in society. One socialobligation that owners and managers have is to treat their employees well,rather than exploiting them. For example, they could pay a “living wage” toensure that workers have a good quality of life. I also like the idea thatbusinesses could use a proportion of their profits to support local charities,environmental projects or education initiatives. Finally, instead of trying tominimise their tax payments by using accounting loopholes, I believe thatcompany bosses should be happy to contribute to society through the taxsystem. In conclusion, I believe that companies should place as much importance ontheir social responsibilities as they do on their financial objectives.。

企业社会责任定义

企业社会责任定义集团标准化工作小组 #Q8QGGQT-GX8G08Q8-GNQGJ8-MHHGN#什么是企业社会责任2009-5近年来，“企业社会责任”一词越来越多地见诸媒体，类似的提法还有“企业公民”、“企业责任”、“三重底线”等……这些词汇到底指的是什么意思呢欧利文谢尔顿最早提出“企业社会责任”概念企业社会责任是英文Corporate Social Responsibility的直译，也就是很多人所说的CSR。

目前理论界一般认为，是英国学者欧利文谢尔顿（Oliver Sheldon）在1924年最早提出了“企业社会责任”的概念。

企业社会责任概念在不断充实和完善企业社会责任在全球并没有统一的定义，在不同的历史时期，它所代表的含义不尽相同。

随着时代的发展，企业社会责任的概念也不断充实、完善。

在20世纪30年代之前，权威的观点认为企业的社会责任就是通过管理获取最大利益。

1919年，美国密歇根法院就曾宣称：企业机构运营的主要目的是为股东赚取利润。

这种观点完全确认了企业的经济功能对社会进步的作用，得到企业界的普遍认可和推行。

从20世纪30年代到20世纪60年代早期，企业管理者的角色从原来的授权者变成了受权者，其职能也相应地由追求利润扩展为平衡利益。

企业从要向所有者负责转变为要向更多的利益相关者负责。

在这一阶段，公众成为推动转变的主角。

他们要求企业更多地关注员工和顾客的利益和要求，更多地参与改善工作条件和消费环境的工作，为社会的发展发挥更突出的作用。

他们不断在公开场合喊出他们对企业的期望。

优秀的企业积极响应公众的期望，并且取得公众的支持。

不过企业社会责任的发展并非一帆风顺，而是始终伴随着反对的声音。

在上世纪七、八十年代，诺贝尔经济学奖得主、新古典主义经济学之父米尔顿弗里德曼成为反对企业履行社会责任的领军人物。

他多次在各种场合论及企业社会责任问题，无一例外地坚持批判的立场。

有关企业的社会责任与担当的英语作文

有关企业的社会责任与担当的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Corporate Social Responsibility and Accountability: A Student's PerspectiveAs a student living in the modern age, I have grown increasingly aware of the significant role that corporations play in shaping our society and the world around us. These business entities, with their vast resources and global reach, wield immense power and influence. However, with great power comes great responsibility, and it is imperative that corporations recognize and embrace their social and ethical obligations.The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gained prominence in recent decades, highlighting the notion that companies should not solely focus on maximizing profits but also consider their impact on society, the environment, and various stakeholders. CSR encompasses a wide range of practices, including responsible labor practices, environmental stewardship, ethical business conduct, and community involvement.One of the most pressing issues surrounding corporate social responsibility is the treatment of employees. Corporations have a moral and ethical duty to provide fair wages, safe working conditions, and opportunities for growth and development. Unfortunately, numerous cases of labor exploitation, sweatshop practices, and inadequate worker protections have tarnished the reputation of many companies, particularly those operating in developing nations. It is crucial that corporations prioritize the well-being of their workforce, not only for ethical reasons but also because a motivated and valued workforce contributes to long-term business success.Environmental sustainability is another critical aspect of corporate social responsibility. The impact of human activities on the planet has become increasingly apparent, with issues such as climate change, resource depletion, and pollution posing severe threats to our collective future. Corporations, as major contributors to these environmental challenges, must take decisive action to reduce their ecological footprint. This can involve adopting clean and renewable energy sources, implementing waste reduction and recycling initiatives, and investing in environmentally friendly technologies and practices.Furthermore, corporations must uphold ethical business practices and maintain transparency in their operations. Engaging in corruption, bribery, or other unethical conduct not only undermines the integrity of the company but also erodes public trust and harms the broader society. Companies should strive for transparency in their financial reporting, supply chain management, and decision-making processes, allowing stakeholders to hold them accountable.Beyond these core responsibilities, corporations can also make a positive impact by actively engaging in philanthropic and community development initiatives. Supporting local educational programs, funding healthcare initiatives, and contributing to disaster relief efforts are just a few examples of how companies can give back to the communities in which they operate. Such efforts not only benefit society篇2Corporate Social Responsibility and Accountability: A Call for Ethical Business PracticesAs a student navigating the complexities of today's business landscape, I find myself increasingly concerned about the role corporations play in shaping our society. While the pursuit ofprofit has long been the driving force behind many business endeavors, we must acknowledge that corporations wield immense power and influence, impacting not only their shareholders but also the communities they operate in and the planet we call home.The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gained significant traction in recent years, recognizing that businesses have a moral and ethical obligation to consider their impact on society and the environment. However, mere lip service to CSR is not enough; true accountability and tangible actions are paramount.At its core, CSR should be rooted in a genuine commitment to ethical practices that prioritize the well-being of stakeholders, including employees, consumers, and the broader community. This encompasses fair labor practices, responsible supply chain management, environmental stewardship, and a dedication to transparency and good governance.One of the most pressing issues in the realm of CSR is the treatment of workers. Far too often, we hear harrowing tales of exploitative labor conditions, unfair wages, and a blatant disregard for basic human rights. It is incumbent upon corporations to ensure that their employees, as well as thoseemployed by their suppliers and partners, are treated with dignity and respect. Fair compensation, safe working environments, and opportunities for growth and development should be non-negotiable standards.Moreover, corporations must take active steps to minimize their environmental footprint and contribute to the global efforts to combat climate change. The relentless pursuit of profit at the expense of our planet's well-being is not only short-sighted but also a grave threat to our collective future. Embracing sustainable practices, investing in renewable energy sources, and adopting circular economy principles should be prioritized as critical components of CSR strategies.Beyond environmental concerns, corporations also bear a responsibility to uplift the communities in which they operate. This can manifest in various forms, such as supporting local initiatives, investing in educational programs, and contributing to infrastructure development. By actively engaging with and empowering local communities, corporations can foster goodwill, strengthen their social license to operate, and create shared value.Underpinning all these efforts should be a commitment to transparency and accountability. Corporations must be willing toopenly disclose their practices, engage in meaningful stakeholder dialogue, and be held accountable for their actions. Greenwashing and empty promises are no longer acceptable; tangible progress and measurable impact should be the benchmarks against which corporations are evaluated.As future business leaders and decision-makers, we have a profound responsibility to reshape the narrative surrounding corporate social responsibility. We must challenge the notion that profit maximization should come at the expense of ethical considerations and societal well-being. Instead, we should embrace a mindset that recognizes the interdependence between business success and the health of our communities and planet.Integrating CSR principles into business education is crucial in cultivating a generation of leaders who are equipped to navigate the complex landscape of ethical decision-making. By exposing students to case studies, best practices, and thereal-world implications of corporate actions, we can instill a deeper understanding of the importance of responsible and sustainable business practices.Furthermore, we must actively engage with corporations, holding them accountable for their actions and demandinggreater transparency and accountability. By exercising our collective voice as consumers, investors, and members of society, we can exert pressure on companies to prioritize ethical considerations and align their practices with the greater good.Ultimately, the pursuit of corporate social responsibility and accountability is not merely a noble endeavor; it is a moral imperative in an increasingly interconnected andresource-constrained world. By embracing ethical business practices, corporations can not only mitigate their negative impacts but also contribute positively to the well-being of society and the planet.As students and future leaders, it is our duty to challenge the status quo, to question the practices that prioritize short-term gains over long-term sustainability, and to advocate for a more responsible and accountable business ecosystem. Only by holding corporations to higher standards and demanding genuine commitment to ethical and sustainable practices can we create a world where business success is harmoniously intertwined with social and environmental progress.In conclusion, corporate social responsibility and accountability are not mere buzzwords or marketing ploys; they represent a fundamental shift in how we perceive the role ofbusinesses in our society. By embracing ethical practices, prioritizing stakeholder well-being, and demonstrating a genuine commitment to environmental stewardship and community empowerment, corporations can not only enhance their reputation but also contribute to the creation of a more just, equitable, and sustainable world. It is up to us, as students and future leaders, to shape this narrative and ensure that the pursuit of profit is aligned with the greater good.篇3Corporate Social Responsibility and Accountability: An Imperative for BusinessesIn today's increasingly interconnected world, the role and impact of corporations extend far beyond their balance sheets and profit margins. As students pursuing careers in various fields, it is crucial for us to understand the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the accountability that comes with it. Businesses are no longer isolated entities solely focused on maximizing shareholder wealth; they are integral components of the communities they operate in and have a profound influence on the lives of countless individuals.At its core, corporate social responsibility encompasses the ethical and sustainable practices that companies adopt to address their environmental, social, and economic impacts. It is a recognition that businesses are not merely profit-driven machines but also moral agents with obligations to society. By embracing CSR, companies can contribute to the greater good, foster positive change, and build trust with their stakeholders, including customers, employees, and the communities they serve.One of the most pressing issues that businesses must tackle is environmental sustainability. The consequences of climate change, resource depletion, and pollution are becoming increasingly evident, and corporations have a significant role to play in mitigating these challenges. Responsible companies are adopting eco-friendly practices, such as reducing their carbon footprint, implementing energy-efficient processes, and embracing circular economy models that minimize waste and promote recycling.Beyond environmental concerns, CSR also encompasses social and humanitarian aspects. Companies that prioritize social responsibility strive to uphold human rights, provide fair labor practices, and contribute to the development of localcommunities. This can involve initiatives such as supporting educational programs, investing in healthcare facilities, and promoting gender equality and diversity within their workforce.Furthermore, corporate accountability is intrinsically linked to social responsibility. Companies must be transparent about their operations, ethical conduct, and the impacts they have on society. This transparency fosters trust and allows stakeholders to hold businesses accountable for their actions. Regular reporting, third-party audits, and open dialogue with communities and advocacy groups are essential components of corporate accountability.It is important to note that embracing CSR and accountability is not merely a matter of altruism or public relations; it is a strategic imperative for businesses in the long run. Companies that prioritize sustainability and social responsibility are often better positioned to attract and retain top talent, build customer loyalty, and maintain a positive reputation. Moreover, by proactively addressing societal challenges, businesses can mitigate risks, enhance their resilience, and capitalize on opportunities in emerging markets and sectors.As students, we have the opportunity to shape the future of business practices. By studying and understanding the principles of corporate social responsibility and accountability, we can prepare ourselves to become ethical and socially conscious leaders in our respective fields. Whether we pursue careers in finance, marketing, operations, or any other domain, we can advocate for responsible and sustainable practices within our organizations.Moreover, as consumers and citizens, we have the power to influence corporate behavior through our choices and collective voice. By supporting companies that prioritize CSR and holding those that fall short accountable, we can drive positive change and create a business landscape that prioritizes not only profit but also ethical and sustainable practices.In conclusion, corporate social responsibility and accountability are no longer optional pursuits for businesses; they are fundamental imperatives in today's interconnected and socially conscious world. As future professionals and leaders, it is our responsibility to understand and champion these concepts, ensuring that businesses contribute positively to society while maintaining ethical and sustainable practices. By embracing CSR and accountability, we can create a future where corporationsare not only drivers of economic growth but also catalysts for positive social and environmental change.。

衡量企业的社会责任成效【外文翻译】

本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译原文：Measuring the effectiveness of Corporate Social ResponsibilityYou're a PR counselor, and your organization has embarked on a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) effort to improve literacy in a community where you operate manufacturing facilities.After a year of sinking resources into the effort, you find that most community members still seem to be unaware of it. And the literacy program isn't even a part of the conversation when your organization is mentioned in the local media or at city council meetings. Now, due to the apparent lack of awareness about the program and the high cost of maintenance, management is questioning whether it should continue. Realizing valueToday, more organizations recognize the importance of practicing CSR. Genuine social responsibility focuses on how the organization benefits society. CSR can help provide solutions to social problems, build healthier economies and maintain sustainable environments.But CSR is also proving to benefit companies. The most commonly identified corporate advantages include maintaining and improving reputation or brand image, government relations, brand differentiation, customer loyalty and employee recruitment and retention.“There is a mind-shift going on regarding CSR. Companies are moving from regarding it as a 'nice-to-do' to viewing it as a way to create value for business,”says Chris Pinney, director of research and policy at the Center for Corporate Citizenship, Carroll School of Management at Boston College.A 2009 McKinsey Study conducted in cooperation with the Boston College Center for Corporate Citizenship found that the majority of CFOs and investment professionals surveyed agree that respondents environmental, social and governanceactions create value for shareholders in normal economic dines. The respondents also believe that the two most important ways that these efforts create value are by maintaining a good corporate reputation or brand equity and by attracting, motivating and retaining talented employees.To realize these benefits, however, a company's CSR efforts must be recognized, understood and accepted by the stakeholders who give companies the franchise (or community consent) to do business. One often-overlooked aspect of CSR is the importance of measuring those efforts to evaluate if they are making an impact. If they are, then organizations must share those results to build support and "earn credit" with key stakeholders.Sharing without showboatingOften, companies don't get credit for good corporate citizenship because they simply don't communicate their efforts effectively or because they are concerned that talking about them will be viewed as self-aggrandizement. "It is, indeed, a thin line between communicating about the good you’re doing and b oasting about the self-serving programs you are doing to try to look better to key stakeholders," says John Gilfeather, president, Gilfeather and Associates."A lot of this distress occurs because many CSR programs are not organic. They are done 'over there' by 'those people,' but are not central to the operation of the business, "he says." Even if a lot of money is spent, there is no focus and no passion."Robert Grupp, president and CEO of the Institute for Public Relations, agrees."It's a matter of definition and focus. If you don't have that management commitment, there can be a mismatch between community expectations and what you do in CSR," he says. "If those two things aren't aligned, then measurement of CSR efforts becomes difficult and inaccurate."Effective CSR must be a management function. Using an up-front assessment of stakeholder opinions, management must set business imperatives that all employees are prepared to meet.Developing CSR goalsDisagreement in stakeholder and company expectations is often a factor oforganizations being responsive rather than proactive. It is easy to fall into this rut, as socially responsible companies are often praised for their rapid response to problems, complaints and community concerns.According to Robert Heath, professor emeritus of communication at the University of Houston, the problem is that responsive often means reactive."Companies have to be more proactive. In fact, they have to go beyond being proactive to being reflective," Heath says. "They have to imagine the direction in which the world is moving, build that into their strategic planning, announce these plans as goals and celebrate them as achievements."When CSR efforts are integrated into the organization, rather than only addressing a particular problem, they are more effective, have greater staying power and are easier to monitor and measure over time.Pinney emphasizes the importance of developing CSR goals in areas where your organization can truly make an impact, saying, "When you pick an area to focus on, choose a market defined enough so that you can measure your own impact versus others impact. While larger-scale CSR efforts—such as supporting national or international nonprofits—are also important, companies have to...measure the particular social return on their own efforts."Some organizations, particularly smaller or local ones, may worry about their ability to sustain CSR in the midst of an economic downturn. However, practicing good CSR—and getting credit—is possible even in tough times. It's often a matter of understanding what you do well.For example, Pinney notes that large companies have maintained their budgets for CSR initiatives during the economic downturn. "The stuff that was 'fluff' disappeared, but the substantial stuff stayed, "he says.Many smaller businesses, though, have had more challenges maintaining this level of resources, though they have worked hard to keep local people employed. "A small company in this position might start developing its CSR approach by focusing on employees—a key pillar of CSR— and how the company adds economic value to the community," Pinney says.Heath suggests these basic questions for organizations to ask themselves when considering their CSR efforts. The answers can provide a starting point for what to measure and monitor:Do your customers know you are doing this?If so, are they saying positive things?Is the community glad you are there?Is your presence in the community a spark for local business?Determining what to measureWhy is it so daunting to measure CSR efforts? In some cases, CSR measurements are ineffective because they either don't measure the right things or don't address issues that are important to stakeholders."We often go immediately to the outputs—to measure how much we're doing. But it s important to begin by benchmarking the expectations of the community in which you do business," Grupp says. "This is viral because sometimes that exercise reveals that the community s needs, and its view of what constitutes CSR, are very different from the organization's."For example, this disconnect in expectations can occur when a company begins an activity—such as drilling, laying pipelines or developing land—that has potential environmental implications for the community. The company might automatically assume that the public will not support the project, and so the organization adopts a defensive posture and braces itself for a long, drawn-out conflict with local residents.However, abandoning the project might not be the public's expectation at all. In fact, the community may be willing to accept the activity as long as it is convinced that the company exercises good environmental practices, operates equipment safely and treats employees fairly. If the company complies with these expectations, then it can focus on articulating its practices to the community.A recent report from The Committee Encouraging Corporate Philanthropy, an international network of CEOs promoting positive change through corporate giving, suggests some questions to ask when developing, assessing and measuring the value of corporate philanthropy programs. These questions can be more broadlyextrapolated to overall CSR efforts:• How does the contribution achieve the intended results?• How do you measure the retur n on the social investment?• How do you measure the business benefits?• How do you measure the value of philanthropy to investors?• How do you attract responsible investors?When it comes to measuring the actual impact of your CSR efforts on society, the most common methods are measuring inputs (money, resources, service hours), activities (food drive, volunteer day) and outputs (number of cans of food, homes built, equipment donated, etc.).The outcomes and impact of these efforts are not often measured, though. How have these efforts actually reduced illiteracy, poverty or amount of disease? These are the most important questions and they require a long-term commitment to social problems rather than a one off donation or a response to a short-term community obligation.Communicating your CSROnce community expectations and CSR objectives have been established, PR professionals must help their organizations select die right measurement tools. One set of tools to consider is social media, which often provides an early glimpse into what stakeholders are saying about your organization.K.C. Brown, senior vice president, head of analysis at Cision, notes that social media can be especially helpful in steady communications about CSR progress, as opposed to sharing only through traditional and infrequent channels such as annual meetings or corporate CSR reports."Corporations tend to think about things in terms of, 'Did we win the championship?' However, to continue the sports analogy, fans don't care only about the championship —it's the season that matters. So, learn to report CSR efforts game-by-game," he says.Regular reports give organizations an opportunity to share where they fell short (and explain what they're doing to address it) and to share what they did well.It's also important for organizations to develop their own social media tools and invite people into those conversations. Consider posting a YouTube video about how you are fulfilling a promise to the community. Invite management to blog about the organization s CSR objectives. Post your company values and CSR goals on your website. Post an interactive CSR report, and invite comments and feedback. Above all, says Brown. "Listen to the responses. If you think what you're hearing is unreasonable, state what you think is reasonable. If there's pushback, it may be time to revisit your position."When it comes to communicating CSR, the role of the PR professional is changing. While the corporate communications person was once supposed to simply bring the company's message to the public, that s no longer enough. Companies who fail to listen to stakeholders do so at their peril. Says Pinney, "Nowadays, the most important role of the PR professional is to be the 'messenger in' rather than the 'messenger out.' You're no longer just a PR person—you're an intelligence person; a knowledge broker."CSR must focus on employees firstCorporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives should focus on employees first, says organizational communication scholar Steve May in a report supported a grant from The Arthur W Page Center for Integrity' in Public Communication at Penn State University. He argues that corporations should first focus on initiatives that help traditionally overlooked stakeholders — their own employees."If strategic CSR is to have any long-term benefit for society, attention must first be turned to corporate employees th emselves,”he says. "If the corporation has not been able to attend to its own employees, how can it be expected to address the social needs of diverse sets of stakeholders with a range of divergent interests?" PR people, he notes, understand this first-hand.Transparency in policies, procedures, mission statements and governance also is important. "Examples of 'being the last to know' are not rampant in the profession just by accident." notes May. "As a result，public relations is ideally situated to clarify how a lack of internal transparency necessarily negates external transparency as well."Corporate leaders should set the tone that CSR is a core business practice rather than a marketing strategy. "For public relations，" May says, "the key is to move away from 'managing' stakeholders to engaging them, beginning with employees."Corporate social responsibility programs are increasingly seen as an integral part of delivering business prosperity and sustainable economic growth. Companies involved in Corporate social responsibility report benefits to reputation and the bottom line and they can attract and retain high quality and motivated staff. Engaging in Corporate social responsibility develops employee loyalty, creates corporate culture and provides new communication channels between employees and management.Source:Susan Balcom Walton,Brad Rawlins,2010 “Do the right thing: Mea suring the effectiveness of Corporate Social Responsibility”. TACTICS, July,pp.10-11.译文：衡量企业的社会责任成效你是一个公关顾问，你的组织在经营生产设施时通过承担企业社会责任（CSR）努力提高所在社区的文化。

企业承担社会责任国家方面英语作文

企业承担社会责任国家方面英语作文English:With the increasing awareness of corporate social responsibility, more and more companies are starting to take initiatives to fulfill their obligations towards society. One important aspect of corporate social responsibility is the contribution towards the development of the country. Companies can support the country by creating job opportunities, paying taxes, investing in infrastructure, and promoting local economic development. By doing so, they not only contribute to the overall growth of the country but also enhance their own reputation and brand image. Moreover, companies can also participate in various social welfare programs, environmental conservation projects, and community development initiatives to give back to the society and make a positive impact on the community. Overall, companies that actively participate in corporate social responsibility initiatives play a crucial role in the sustainable development of the country and contribute towards building a better society for everyone.中文翻译:随着对企业社会责任意识日益增强，越来越多的公司开始采取各种举措，履行他们对社会的义务。