2018高三英语(浙江专版)一轮复习(教师用书)第1部分必修5Unit1GreatscientistsWord版含答案

Unit 1Great scientists
[核心词汇]
1．characteristic n．特征；特性
2．defeat v t.打败；战胜；使受挫
n.失败
3．attend v t.照顾；护理；出席；参加4．cure v t.& n.治愈；痊愈；治疗5．challenge n.挑战
v t.向……挑战
6．absorb v t.吸收；吸引；使专心7．suspect v t.认为；怀疑
n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯8．blame v t.责备；谴责
n.过失；责备
9．link v t.& n.连接；联系10．handle n.柄；把手
v t.处理；操纵
[拓展词汇]
11．conclude v t.&v i.结束；推断出
→conclusion n.结论；结束12．analyse v t.分析
→analysis n.分析
13．expose v t.暴露；揭露；使曝光
→exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的；风险高的14．pollute v t.污染；弄脏
→pollution n.污染
→polluted adj.污染的，被弄脏的15．announce v t.宣布；通告
→announcement n.通知；宣告
16．instruct v t.指示；教导；命令
→instructor n.教员；传授者
→instruction n.用法说明；操作指南
→instructive adj.有教育意义的
17．construct v t.建设；修建
→construction n.建设；建筑物
18．contribute v t.&v i.捐献；贡献；捐助
→contribution n.捐献；贡献；捐助
19．reject v t.拒绝；不接受；抛弃
→rejection n.拒绝；抛弃
20．caution n.小心，谨慎
→cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的
1．put forward 提出
2．expose...to... 使显露；暴露
3．make sense 讲得通；有意义
4．be to blame 应受谴责，应负责任5．cure...of... 治愈某人的……(疾病) 6．draw a conclusion 得出结论
7．link...to... 将……和……联系或连接起来8．apart from 除……之外；此外
9．be strict with 对……严格的
10．contribute to 有助于；促成
3.have his work finished on time
4.can you realize your dream
点释5个考纲单词
conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出；断定；达成
[小试身手] 用conclude 的适当形式填空
①He (conclude)from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.(牛津词典)
他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。

②He his speech with a famous saying “where there is a will，there is a way.”
他以一句名言“有志者，事竟成”结束他的演讲。

③From these facts we can draw some (conclude)about how the pyramids were built.
从这些事实我们可以得出一些关于金字塔是如何建造的结论。

【导学号：47562094】【答案】①concluded②concluded③conclusions
of exercise.
总之，散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣且易实施的锻炼方式。

attend vt.出席；参加；照顾；护理；注意vi.专心；留意
[小试身手]单句语法填空
①An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who (attend)college.(2015年北京高考·阅读理解)
手头例子之一就是父母对上大学的孩子生活的参与。

②I may be late—I have got one or two things (attend)to.(朗文辞典)
我也许会迟到，我有一两件事要处理。

③She was praised for having attended her sick mother-in-law for over thirty years.
她伺候生病的婆婆三十多年，受到人们的称赞。

【答案】①are attending②to attend③on/upon
易混辨析
attend/join/join in/take part in
it ，she joined in a group discussion ，in which the lecturer advised her to take part in meaningful out-of-class activities.
这个去年加入共青团的女孩昨天听了讲座。

之后她参加了小组讨论，在小组讨论中作讲座的人建议她参加有意义的课外活动。

【导学号：47562095】 expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临
[小试身手] 单句语法填空
①Don't expose your skin direct sunlight ，or you'll get sunburnt.
不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。

②It is generally believed that (expose)to radiation is rather dangerous.
普遍认为暴露在辐射环境里会很危险。

③And the more birds (expose)to light ，the more active they are at night.(2015年四川高考·阅读理解)
鸟儿在光线下暴露时间越多，晚上就会越活跃。

【答案】①to②being exposed③are exposed
Being exposed to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.
①
(用v.­ing的主动形式作主语改写句子)
②
(用if省略句改写句子)
【答案】①Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.②If exposed to the sunlight for too long，you will get your skin injured.
blame v．谴责；责备；把……归咎于n．过失；责备
[小试身手]单句语法填空
①Don't always blame your own failure others.Sometimes you yourself are (blame)．
不要总把失败归咎于他人，有时该怪你自己。

②Many children are afraid of (blame)for failing the exam.
许多孩子害怕因考试不及格而受责备。

【答案】①on；to blame②being blamed
他因为这起事故受到他们的责备。

①
②
③
【答案】①They blamed him for the accident.②They blamed the accident on him.③He was blamed for the accident by them.
[名师点津]
be to blame为主动形式表示被动意义，因此不能再用被动语态。

contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿
[一词多义]写出下列句子中contribute的词义
①He contributes a lot of money to the hospital every year.
②It is an honor to be invited to contribute to your magazine.
③Carelessness sometimes will contribute to serious mistakes.
(1)contribute sth.to... 把某物捐献给……
contribute to 为……做出贡献；有助于；导致
(2)contribution n.捐献；贡献；投稿
make a contribution/contributions to
为……做贡献
④Our appetite for new products also (contribute)to the problem.(2015年安徽高考·完形填空)我们对新产品的渴望也导致了这一问题。

【答案】①捐献，捐助②投稿③导致④contributes
诠释3个核心短语
put forward提出(建议等)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前
拨
[一词多义]写出下列句中put forward的词义
①I tend to accept any idea put forward by experts on TV.
②I think he is fit for the position；therefore，I'll put him forward as a candidate.
③You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes.
④They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.
put aside 节省；储蓄；储存；留出
put away 放好；积蓄
put off 延期；推迟
put out 熄灭；生产
put down 写下；记下
put up 举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿
put up with 容忍；忍受
⑤The match has been put until tomorrow because of bad weather.(朗文辞典)
由于天气不好，比赛推迟到明天。

【导学号：47562096】
【答案】①提出②推荐③将(钟表)向前拨④将……提前⑤off
[语境助记]
介、副词填空
The old man couldn't put up ① a waste of money, and he hoped to put ②some pocket money and put it ③so that it could put ④when he was in trouble.
这位老人无法容忍浪费金钱，他希望节省一些零花钱并存起来，以备困难时期这些钱能提供食宿。

【答案】①with②aside③away④up
apart from此外；除……之外
[小试身手]介词填空
①Apart (＝Except )some spelling mistakes，the composition is fairly good.
除了一些拼写错误，这篇文章写得相当不错。

(1)in addition(to)/besides 除……之外，另外还
(2)but/except 除……之外(都)
(3)except for 除……之外(表细节上的修正，“美中不足”)
(4)except that/when/what etc. 除……之外
②Apart from Sing！China，I like Chinese Idol.
除了《中国新歌声》，我还喜欢《中国梦之声》。

[链接写作]例句②的其他表达方式
③，I like Chinese Idol.
④I like Chinese Idol Sing！China.
⑤I like Sing！China Chinese Idol.
【答案】①from；for③Besides/In addition to Sing!China④as well as ⑤not only；but also
make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通
[小试身手]用所给动词的适当形式填空
①See，your computer has broken down again！It doesn't (make)sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.(2015年天津高考·单项填空)
看，你的电脑又坏了！只为省几美元买便宜牌子的电脑是没有意义的。

②As far as I'm concerned，there is no sense in (get)upset about it now.
就我而言，现在为这事苦恼是没有意义的。

【答案】①make②getting
in no sense位于句首时，句子应用部分倒装结构。

In no sense should you lose heart；keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.
你决不应该灰心丧气。

继续努力，你迟早会成功的。

阐释2个高考句型
So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an
outbreak.
每次爆发霍乱时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。

every time意为“每当”，引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever。

[小试身手]完成句子
①light moves into a material with a new speed，it bends and scatters.每次光用新的速度穿过一种物质，它都会弯曲和散射。

②I heard the plan he put forward，I felt very excited.
我第一次听到他提出的计划时，感到很兴奋。

【答案】①Every time②The first time
你一拿到结果就给我打电话。

Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。

句中only if引导条件状语从句，意为：只有当……；只是在……时候。

置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。

[小试身手]单句语法填空
①Only if you are modest can you (make)progress.
唯有虚心才能进步。

②Only when Lily walked into the office she realize that she had left the contract at home.(2015年天津高考·单项填空)
只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。

③It's too bad that I failed in the math exam.If only I (work)hard at it!
我数学考试不及格真是太糟糕了。

要是我之前努力学习就好了！
【导学号：47562097】
【答案】①make②did③had worked
只有我们与他人关系相处得好，才能创建和谐的人际关系，这对我们的学习和生活都大有好处。

(2014年江西高考·书面表达)
Only if we get along well with others，harmonious interpersonal relationship，which is to our study as well as life.
【答案】can we create；of great benefit
[多角快练]——练单词练短语练句型——————————————
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We will have a further discussion before we draw a final (conclude)．2．The prime minister is making an important (announce)at the moment.
3．(blame)for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits.
4．Apart good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.
5．(expose)to sun，rain and wind for a long time，the stone split.
【导学号：47562098】6．(2016·天津高考·阅读理解)His parents always had him weeding the garden，carrying out the garbage and (deliver) newspapers.
7．What she referred to was so confusing that they could hardly make any sense it.
8．Yesterday I missed (attend)the meeting in Room 101.
9．Sports contribute mainly your physical fitness.
10．Class Three has put a reasonable proposal.
【答案】 1.conclusion 2.announcement3．Blamed 4.from 5.Exposed
6.delivering
7.of
8.attending
9.to10.forward
Ⅱ.选词填空
environment at the meeting.
2．Though David talked about the origins of the univ-erse，I didn't think what he said ．
3．his carelessness sometimes，he is a reliable man.
4．The more one the English-speaking environment，the better he or she will learn the language.
5．It has been announced that two guys are suspected to be the theft.
【答案】 1.put forward 2.made sense 3.Apart from 4.is exposed to 5.linked to
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
阅读所学课文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

John Snow，1.well-known doctor in London，became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people 2.(expose)to cholera，a 3. (die)disease of its day.Many thousands of people died 4.there was an outbreak because no one knew the cause of it.John wanted to help 5.(solve) the problem.
He got interested in two theories 6.(explain) how cholera killed people.He believed in the second theory7.suggested that people 8. (absorb)the disease with their meals.In 1854，when another outbreak hit London，he was ready to test the two theories.9.the help of the map he made，he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and was able to announce that the water
was 10.(blame)．“King Cholera” was finally defeated.
【答案】 1.a 2.exposed 3.deadly 4.whenever 5.(to)solve 6.explaining 7.that8.absorbed9.With10.to blame
Ⅱ.应用文写作——介绍一位著名的科学家
假如你是李华，你的美国朋友John来信询问关于85岁的中国科学家屠呦呦获得2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的情况。

请结合下面的提示给John写一封回信。

1．屠呦呦的生活经历(毕业于北京大学医学院，多年从事中医研究，带领同事提取治疗疟疾的有效药)；
2．你的感想。

注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：疟疾：malaria青蒿素：artemisinin
Dear John，
Sincerely yours，
Li Hua 【参考范文】
Dear John，
I am glad to receive your letter and introduce something about Tu Youyou，who won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2015.
She graduated from the School of Medicine，Beijing University.After that，she has been studying traditional Chinese medicine.In the 20th century，she and her colleagues made efforts to find a medicine to treat malaria.With hard work，they produced artemisinin，which is the most effective medicine to cure malaria.World wide，many patients benefit from it.
In my opinion，we should learn from her determination to succeed，thus making
contributions to society in the future.
Sincerely yours，
Li Hua Ⅲ.概要写作
细读P7教材课文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Copernicus' mathematical calculations led to the conclusion：the earth was not the centre of the solar system.Instead the centre of the solar system is the sun.(要点1)As the Christian Church was very powerful at Copernicus' time，he couldn't tell anyone about the theory because it was completely against the powerful Christian's belief.(要点2)In order to avoid their punishment，he kept his theory until he lay dying in 1543.(要点3)Now his theory is considered as the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.。