石棉是什么
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UK (1898) - 英国首席工厂督察总监报告(1898
年)
Types of Asbestos 石棉的种类
Serpentine Chrysotile (White asbestos)
蛇纹石
Asbestos
温石棉(白石棉)
石棉
Amphibole
Crocidolite (Blue Asbestos)
温石棉(蓝石棉)
闪石
Amosite (Brown Asbestos)
铁石棉(棕石棉)
Anthrophyllite
直闪石
Tremolite
透闪石
Actinolite
阳起石
What is Asbestos? 石棉是什么?
• A naturally occurring, mined, fibrous silicate mineral with various compositions & structures • 天然的纤维状的硅酸盐类矿物质,有各种成分和结构。 • Used extensively as a heat insulator & fire resistant material • 是一种保温材料和防火材料,广泛使用。 • Numerous different forms. Present as sheet; board; rope; or mixed with plaster.
在石棉水泥上进行手锯操作
Use of a circular saw
使用圆锯
Asbestos Register 石棉登记
• Record the use/presence of all asbestos and asbestos-containing materials at work sites.
10 - 20
15 - 40
1 - 55
60 - 90
85 - 100
25 - 85 30 - 70 5-7
1 - 10
5 - 20
Airborne Asbestos Fibres 空气中的石棉纤维
Activity 活动
Dry removal of lagging 绝缘层材料的干式移除
f/ml
upto 100 最高100 upto 10 最高10 upto 10 最高10 upto 1 最高1 upto 1 最高1 upto 20 最高20
• 各种不同的形式。常见形式:石棉片、石棉板、石棉绳或与石膏
混合。
Asbestos Mines 石棉矿
Mined Asbestos 开采的石棉
What are Fibres? 什么是石棉纤维?
• • • • • • • • Long & thin structures 长而薄的纤维矿物组织。 Defined by their aspect ratio [width: length] 采用纵横比[宽:长]来确定大小 Can be man made, mineral, animal, vegetable 可以是人造纤维、矿物纤维、动物纤维、植物纤维。 Asbestos is a fibre but not all fibres are asbestos [E.g.. Mineral wool, cotton, wool, carbon fibres]. 石棉是一种纤维,但不是所有纤维都是石棉[例如:矿物棉、羊毛、棉线、碳 纤维]。
REMEDIAL TREATMENT OF ASBESTOS REMOVAL 石棉的补救处理
Asbestos-containing materials should be removed if they are: 如含石棉的材料出现以下状态,应清除:
• Damaged and friable, i.e. in an easily crumbled condition, thereby having a potential for releasing airborne fibres.
•
• • •
记录工作场所的石棉和含石棉的材料,以及其使用。
Record the location of all asbestos materials on site. 记录工作场所所有石棉材料的位置。 Ensure that the condition of asbestos-containing materials are frequently inspected and any necessary remedial action is instigated.
Pipe Insulation 管道保温
Soffits 拱腹
Paper 石棉纸 Gasket 衬垫
Fire Blanket 消防毯
Ceiling Tile 吊顶板
Cement Sheets 石棉水泥板
String 细绳
Source: HSE
Uses of Asbestos石棉的用途
Product 产品 Cement Materials e.g. corrugated sheets, water tanks, pipes, prefabricated building components 水泥材料,如波纹板、水箱、管道、预制建筑组件 Fire-resistant Insulating Board 防火绝缘板 Thermal, insulation, lagging, incl. pipe and vessel insulation. 隔热、保温、防护包括管道和容器保温 Sprayed coatings e.g. applied to structural beams and ceilings as fire protection/and/or acoustic and thermal insulation 喷涂涂料,如需要防火和/或消声和隔热的结构横梁和天花板。 Textiles e.g. heat resistant gloves, fire-blankets, fire-protective clothing & insulation mattresses. 织物,如耐热手套、防火毯、防火服和保温床垫。 Jointings & packings e.g. gaskets. 焊料与填料,例如:衬垫等。 Friction materials e.g. automotive brake & clutch lining. 摩擦材料,如汽车刹车片、离合器衬片。 Floor tiles.地砖。 Filler & Reinforcements e.g. in felts, millboards, papers, underseals, mastics, adhesives. 填料和增强材料,如用于毡制 品、麻丝板、纸张、防蚀涂层、胶粘剂、粘合剂。 Reinforced thermo-setting plastics & battery cases. 增强热固化塑料和电池盖。 Type of Asbestos 石棉类型 Chrysotile (occasionally incorporating Crocidolite or Amosite) 温石棉(偶尔会含有青石棉或铁 石棉) Amosite (occasionally incorporating chrysotile or crocidolite铁石棉(偶尔会含有 温石棉或青石棉 Amosite, chrysotile & crocidolite 铁石棉、温石棉、青石棉 Amosite, chrysotile & crocidolite 铁石棉、温石棉、青石棉 Chrysotile (occasionally Crocidolite) 温石棉(偶尔会采用青石棉) Chrysotile (occasionally Crocidolite) 温石棉(偶尔会采用青石棉) Chrysotile温石棉 Chrysotile温石棉 Chrysotile (occasionally Crocidolite for some applications) 温石棉(偶尔会采用青石棉) Chrysotile, crocidolite & amosite 温石棉、青石棉& 铁石棉 Approximate Content (%) 含量(%)
目前,在肺深部发现的石棉纤维最长达到100mm。
Properties of Asbestos 石棉的性质
•
•
Fire resistance
防火
•
•
Mechanical strength
机械强度高
•
•
Chemical resistance
耐化学性
•
•
Thermal insulation.
保温
Uses of Asbestos石棉的用途
• •
确保定期检查含石棉材料的状况,采取必要的补救措施。 Ensure that any work with asbestos or asbestos-containing materials is carried out in an
approved manner.
• • • 确保任何与石棉或含石棉相关材料的工作均已获得批准。 Minimise the acquisition and use of materials or equipment, which may contain asbestos. 尽量减少含有石棉的材料和设备的采购和使用。
Drilling of asbestos insulation board
在石棉保温板上钻孔
Hand sawing of asbestos insulation board
在石棉保温板上进行手锯操作
Drilling of asbestos cement
在石棉水泥上钻孔
Hand sawiBaidu Nhomakorabeag of asbestos cement
• 损坏和易碎,即处于极容易破损的条件, 可能会有释放石棉纤维的危险。 • Expected to deteriorate in future. • 预期未来可能会变坏。 • If it is likely that they will be disturbed during maintenance, construction or demolition. • 在维护、施工或拆卸过程中可能对其有干 扰。
WHO fibre
WHO fibre as measured
WHO纤维的度 量方法
L/D (aspect ratio) > 3:1
L / D(纵横比)> 3:1
WHO纤维
D < 3 mm
Fibres up to 100mm long have been found in the deep lung.
BASIC PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 职业卫生基本原则
Day 3 第3天
11 - ASBESTOS 11-石棉
Asbestos 石棉
“the evil effects of asbestos dust” … “sharp, glass-like, jagged nature of the particles … effects have been found to be injurious” “石棉尘的有害影响” ..... 锐利、玻璃 状、锯齿形…对人体有害”。 - The Chief Factory Inspectors Report
REMEDIAL TREATMENT OF ASBESTOS REPAIR / ENCAPSULATION 石棉的补救处理 维修/密封
• Wrapping the outer surface with, for example, canvas or aluminium. • 用帆布或铝等来对外表面进行包覆。 • Sealing with an encapsulant that seals the fibres together. • 用密封剂密封纤维。
年)
Types of Asbestos 石棉的种类
Serpentine Chrysotile (White asbestos)
蛇纹石
Asbestos
温石棉(白石棉)
石棉
Amphibole
Crocidolite (Blue Asbestos)
温石棉(蓝石棉)
闪石
Amosite (Brown Asbestos)
铁石棉(棕石棉)
Anthrophyllite
直闪石
Tremolite
透闪石
Actinolite
阳起石
What is Asbestos? 石棉是什么?
• A naturally occurring, mined, fibrous silicate mineral with various compositions & structures • 天然的纤维状的硅酸盐类矿物质,有各种成分和结构。 • Used extensively as a heat insulator & fire resistant material • 是一种保温材料和防火材料,广泛使用。 • Numerous different forms. Present as sheet; board; rope; or mixed with plaster.
在石棉水泥上进行手锯操作
Use of a circular saw
使用圆锯
Asbestos Register 石棉登记
• Record the use/presence of all asbestos and asbestos-containing materials at work sites.
10 - 20
15 - 40
1 - 55
60 - 90
85 - 100
25 - 85 30 - 70 5-7
1 - 10
5 - 20
Airborne Asbestos Fibres 空气中的石棉纤维
Activity 活动
Dry removal of lagging 绝缘层材料的干式移除
f/ml
upto 100 最高100 upto 10 最高10 upto 10 最高10 upto 1 最高1 upto 1 最高1 upto 20 最高20
• 各种不同的形式。常见形式:石棉片、石棉板、石棉绳或与石膏
混合。
Asbestos Mines 石棉矿
Mined Asbestos 开采的石棉
What are Fibres? 什么是石棉纤维?
• • • • • • • • Long & thin structures 长而薄的纤维矿物组织。 Defined by their aspect ratio [width: length] 采用纵横比[宽:长]来确定大小 Can be man made, mineral, animal, vegetable 可以是人造纤维、矿物纤维、动物纤维、植物纤维。 Asbestos is a fibre but not all fibres are asbestos [E.g.. Mineral wool, cotton, wool, carbon fibres]. 石棉是一种纤维,但不是所有纤维都是石棉[例如:矿物棉、羊毛、棉线、碳 纤维]。
REMEDIAL TREATMENT OF ASBESTOS REMOVAL 石棉的补救处理
Asbestos-containing materials should be removed if they are: 如含石棉的材料出现以下状态,应清除:
• Damaged and friable, i.e. in an easily crumbled condition, thereby having a potential for releasing airborne fibres.
•
• • •
记录工作场所的石棉和含石棉的材料,以及其使用。
Record the location of all asbestos materials on site. 记录工作场所所有石棉材料的位置。 Ensure that the condition of asbestos-containing materials are frequently inspected and any necessary remedial action is instigated.
Pipe Insulation 管道保温
Soffits 拱腹
Paper 石棉纸 Gasket 衬垫
Fire Blanket 消防毯
Ceiling Tile 吊顶板
Cement Sheets 石棉水泥板
String 细绳
Source: HSE
Uses of Asbestos石棉的用途
Product 产品 Cement Materials e.g. corrugated sheets, water tanks, pipes, prefabricated building components 水泥材料,如波纹板、水箱、管道、预制建筑组件 Fire-resistant Insulating Board 防火绝缘板 Thermal, insulation, lagging, incl. pipe and vessel insulation. 隔热、保温、防护包括管道和容器保温 Sprayed coatings e.g. applied to structural beams and ceilings as fire protection/and/or acoustic and thermal insulation 喷涂涂料,如需要防火和/或消声和隔热的结构横梁和天花板。 Textiles e.g. heat resistant gloves, fire-blankets, fire-protective clothing & insulation mattresses. 织物,如耐热手套、防火毯、防火服和保温床垫。 Jointings & packings e.g. gaskets. 焊料与填料,例如:衬垫等。 Friction materials e.g. automotive brake & clutch lining. 摩擦材料,如汽车刹车片、离合器衬片。 Floor tiles.地砖。 Filler & Reinforcements e.g. in felts, millboards, papers, underseals, mastics, adhesives. 填料和增强材料,如用于毡制 品、麻丝板、纸张、防蚀涂层、胶粘剂、粘合剂。 Reinforced thermo-setting plastics & battery cases. 增强热固化塑料和电池盖。 Type of Asbestos 石棉类型 Chrysotile (occasionally incorporating Crocidolite or Amosite) 温石棉(偶尔会含有青石棉或铁 石棉) Amosite (occasionally incorporating chrysotile or crocidolite铁石棉(偶尔会含有 温石棉或青石棉 Amosite, chrysotile & crocidolite 铁石棉、温石棉、青石棉 Amosite, chrysotile & crocidolite 铁石棉、温石棉、青石棉 Chrysotile (occasionally Crocidolite) 温石棉(偶尔会采用青石棉) Chrysotile (occasionally Crocidolite) 温石棉(偶尔会采用青石棉) Chrysotile温石棉 Chrysotile温石棉 Chrysotile (occasionally Crocidolite for some applications) 温石棉(偶尔会采用青石棉) Chrysotile, crocidolite & amosite 温石棉、青石棉& 铁石棉 Approximate Content (%) 含量(%)
目前,在肺深部发现的石棉纤维最长达到100mm。
Properties of Asbestos 石棉的性质
•
•
Fire resistance
防火
•
•
Mechanical strength
机械强度高
•
•
Chemical resistance
耐化学性
•
•
Thermal insulation.
保温
Uses of Asbestos石棉的用途
• •
确保定期检查含石棉材料的状况,采取必要的补救措施。 Ensure that any work with asbestos or asbestos-containing materials is carried out in an
approved manner.
• • • 确保任何与石棉或含石棉相关材料的工作均已获得批准。 Minimise the acquisition and use of materials or equipment, which may contain asbestos. 尽量减少含有石棉的材料和设备的采购和使用。
Drilling of asbestos insulation board
在石棉保温板上钻孔
Hand sawing of asbestos insulation board
在石棉保温板上进行手锯操作
Drilling of asbestos cement
在石棉水泥上钻孔
Hand sawiBaidu Nhomakorabeag of asbestos cement
• 损坏和易碎,即处于极容易破损的条件, 可能会有释放石棉纤维的危险。 • Expected to deteriorate in future. • 预期未来可能会变坏。 • If it is likely that they will be disturbed during maintenance, construction or demolition. • 在维护、施工或拆卸过程中可能对其有干 扰。
WHO fibre
WHO fibre as measured
WHO纤维的度 量方法
L/D (aspect ratio) > 3:1
L / D(纵横比)> 3:1
WHO纤维
D < 3 mm
Fibres up to 100mm long have been found in the deep lung.
BASIC PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 职业卫生基本原则
Day 3 第3天
11 - ASBESTOS 11-石棉
Asbestos 石棉
“the evil effects of asbestos dust” … “sharp, glass-like, jagged nature of the particles … effects have been found to be injurious” “石棉尘的有害影响” ..... 锐利、玻璃 状、锯齿形…对人体有害”。 - The Chief Factory Inspectors Report
REMEDIAL TREATMENT OF ASBESTOS REPAIR / ENCAPSULATION 石棉的补救处理 维修/密封
• Wrapping the outer surface with, for example, canvas or aluminium. • 用帆布或铝等来对外表面进行包覆。 • Sealing with an encapsulant that seals the fibres together. • 用密封剂密封纤维。