Assignment 5(选做)
运筹学课件ch5指派问题[全文]
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运筹学课件ch5指派问题[全文] 指派问题assignment problem 运筹学课件一种特殊的线性规划问题，我们也经常遇到指派人员做某项工作的情况。
指派问题的许多应用都用来帮助管理人员解决如何为一项将要开展进行的工作指派人员的问题。
其他的一些应用如为一项任务指派机器、设备或者是工厂。
指派问题运筹学课件指派问题的形式表述:给定了一系列所要完成的任务(tasks)以及一系列完成任务的被指派者(assignees)，所需要解决的问题就是要确定出哪一个人被指派进行哪一项任务。
指派问题模型运筹学课件指派问题的假设:被指派者的数量和任务的数量是相同的每一个被指派者只完成一项任务每一项任务只能由一个被指派者来完成每个被指派者和每项任务的组合有一个相关成本目标是要确定怎样进行指派才能使得总成本最小指派问题模型运筹学课件指派问题assignment problem 【例51></a>.14】人事部门欲安排四人到四个不同的岗位工作，每个岗位一个人(经考核四人在不同岗位的成绩(百分制)如表5-34所示，如何安排他们的工作使总成绩最好。
88809086丁90798382丙95788795乙90739285甲DCBA工作人员表5-34【解】设1 数学模型运筹学课件数学模型为:甲乙丙丁ABCD图5. 3指派问题assignment problem运筹学课件假设m个人恰好做m项工作，第i个人做第j项工作的效率为cij?0，效率矩阵为[cij](如表5-34)，如何分配工作使效率最佳(min或max)的数学模型为指派问题assignment problem运筹学课件2 解指派问题的匈牙利算法匈牙利法的条件是:问题求最小值、人数与工作数相等及效率非负【定理5.1】如果从分配问题效率矩阵[cij]的每一行元素中分别减去(或加上)一个常数ui(被称为该行的位势)，从每一列分别减去(或加上)一个常数vj(称为该列的位势)，得到一个新的效率矩阵[bij]，其中bij=cij,ui,vj,则[bij]的最优解等价于[cij]的最优解，这里cij、bij均非负(指派问题assignment problem【证】运筹学课件【定理5.2】若矩阵A的元素可分成“0”与非“0”两部分，则覆盖“0”元素的最少直线数等于位于不同行不同列的“0”元素(称为独立元素)的最大个数( 如果最少直线数等于m，则存在m个独立的“0”元素，令这些零元素对应的xij等于1，其余变量等于0，这时目标函数值等于零，得到最优解(两个目标函数相差一个常数 u+v,约束条件不变,因此最优解不变。
Unit 5 Assignment
Unit 5 Assignment for mutual translationsI.Translation from English into Chinese (in the form of sentences):1) My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had justcome forth to greet the sweet southern spring.2)Two metal surfaces rubbing together cause friction and heat; but if they are separated by athin film of oil, the friction and heat are reduced.3)Egypt, wrote the Greek historian Hecataeus, is the gift of the Nile. Egypt’s very soil was bornin the Nile’s annual flood. As rain fell in the Ethiopian highlands and the snows melted in the Mountains of the Moon, the river was everlastingly renewed.II.Translation from Chinese into English:1)哈佛建校三百六十年来，培养出许多杰出的政治家、科学家、文学家和企业家，曾出国六位美国总统，三十多位诺贝尔奖获得者。
2)悠久的中华文化，成为维系民族团结和国家统一的牢固纽带。
3)孟母语重心长地说：“你看，这绸子是一根根丝线费力气织起来的。
人的学问是一点一滴慢慢积累起来的。
Assignment- unit 5, book 1
Unit five
Translation
1.She recalled the past, trying to bring back to her memory
incidents of their old acquaintance.
她回想起了过去，试图去找回在她记忆中的那些老相识的事。
2.他抓住了去美国留学深造的机会。
(grab)
He grabs the chance which can further the knowledge in America.
3.Eye contact may convey sincerity and attentiveness in
Western cultures, but too much eye contact may embarrass people in some oriental cultures.
在西方文化中眼神的接触也许会传达真诚和专注，但是在东方文化中太多的眼神接触或许会使人感到不安。
4.他的话想来不会是他的原意。
(conceivably)
Conceivably, his words do not the original meaning.
5.His business affairs are in a terrible mess; they will take
ages to straighten out.
他的商务陷入了困窘，他们将花长时间来找出原因。
6.人们认为，通常女性比男性寿命长。
(survive)
an usually survived man.。
《Lesson 3》学历案
《Lesson 3》学历案一、Learning aims（学习目标）1、知识目标学生能够掌握课文中的新单词，像“destination”（目的地）、“scenery”（风景）、“journey”（旅程）等，并且能准确地发音、拼写和理解其含义。
能理解并运用课文里的重点短语，例如“set off”（出发）、“along the way”（沿途）等，能够用这些短语进行简单的造句。
2、能力目标可以流利地朗读课文，并且能根据课文内容回答相关问题，比如关于旅行的路线、看到的景色等。
能够仿照课文的结构，描述一次自己的旅行经历，包括出发地、目的地、沿途的见闻等内容。
3、情感目标体会旅行中的乐趣，感受不同地方的风土人情，从而激发对探索世界的热情。
二、Assessment tasks（评价任务）1、形成性评价在课堂上，通过小组讨论的方式，让学生分享自己曾经的旅行经历或者想象中的旅行，观察学生是否能够运用到新学的单词和短语，及时给予表扬和纠正。
在朗读课文环节，关注学生的发音、语调等，对于读得好的学生给予小贴纸奖励。
2、总结性评价课后布置一篇小作文，要求描述一次旅行经历，根据学生对单词、短语的运用，内容的完整性、准确性等来进行评分。
三、Learning Procedures（学习过程）Step 1: Warming up（热身）1、旅行故事分享老师开始讲一个自己的旅行故事：“同学们，老师之前去了一个特别美的地方，那个地方啊，山清水秀的。
老师是从家里出发的，当时可兴奋了，就像小鸟出笼一样。
老师坐了好久的车，一路上看到了各种各样的景色，有大片大片的田野，还有很多可爱的小动物。
最后到达了那个目的地，哇，那景色简直美翻了。
那你们有没有类似的旅行经历呀？可以和小伙伴们分享一下哦。
”然后让学生分组，互相分享自己的旅行经历或者想象中的旅行。
每组推选一个代表，等会儿向全班分享。
2、单词猜猜猜老师在黑板上写下一些与旅行相关的单词的描述。
Assignment-5
实验七图形用户界面的设计一、实验目的1.掌握图形用户界面的设计；2.掌握按钮、标签属性的设置；3.掌握文本输入框对象的定义及对其属性的设置；4.熟悉事件监听器的使用；5.掌握布局管理器的使用。
二、准备工作1.在个人应用目录下创建项目目录Exercise7；2.预习表7-1中所列的类和消息；更多的类和消息请查阅网站；表7-1 实验中要使用的类和消息表7-2 实验中要用到的静态变量：Font lfont=new Font(“隶书”，Font.BOLD+Font.ITALIC，20);三、实验内容1.Button类的使用创建小应用程序Exercise7a.java ，该applet容器中要包含2个按钮。
一个按钮上的标识符要为“Red”，另一个为“Blue”，要求将按钮的颜色设置为相应标识符的颜色。
结果如图7-1所示。
图7-1 按钮提示：（1）Color类中有许多公共静态变量：blue, red等, 要使用Color类的静态变量blue,red 来设置颜色。
（2）要在applet的init()方法中添加按钮和其他任何窗口部件，不要在paint(Graphics)方法中添加。
2.Button类、Label类及事件监听器的使用创建小应用程序Exercise7b.java 。
该应用程序包含在Exercise7a中定义的2个按钮，外加一个上面标有“Java Rules”的标签。
当按“Red”按钮时，标签字符串的背景色应变为红色，按“Blue”按钮时，标签字符串的背景色应变为蓝色。
结果如图7-2所示。
图7-2 按钮及标签注意事项:（1）不要忘记要用public class Exercise 7b extends Applet implements ActionListener来定义Exercise7b.java；（2）你必须在你程序的开始引入事件触发类：import java.awt.event.*;（3）以下实例代码，说明如何让按钮具有一些行为动作。
高三高考英语词汇表3500词(测试版原文)
2013届高三高考英语词汇表（测试词汇）A1.abandon vt. 放弃2.ability n. 能力3.abnormal adj. 反常的不正常的变态的4.aboard adv 在船上，上船5.abolish vt. 取消，废除(制度等)6.abroad ad. 到（在）国外go abroad 出国7.absorb v. 吸收吸引受be absorbed in 全神贯注于8.absent a. 缺席，不在absence n. 缺席缺乏be absent from …缺席9.absolute a. 绝对的完全的独立的10.abstract t a. 抽象的，深奥的n. 摘要抽象概念11.abundant a. 丰富的充分的大量的be abundant in 富含，富有12.abuse n. & vt. 滥用，虐待，辱骂13.accelerate v. 加速使增速使加快14.accent n . 口音，音调15.accept vt. 接受承认同意16.access n.通路/入口接近/进入使用权vt. 访问/接近have access to sth. 有权利/机会做/接近…17.accessible a. 易接近的可进入的可使用的18.by accident 碰巧，偶然=by chance19.accommodation n. 膳宿，住处20.accompany vt. 陪伴伴vi. 伴奏伴唱21.accomplish vt. 完成达到实现使完美22.account n. 账目，描述23.accuracy n. 精确，正确accurate a..准确无误的24.accumulate v. 积累积聚积攒25.accuse v.指责谴责控告accuse sb.of sth.指控某人有罪26.accustomed a. 惯常的，习惯了的be accustomed to doing sth. 习惯于做某事27.achieve vt.达到，取得achievement n.成就28.acid a. 酸的，酸性的29.acre n. 英亩30.acknowledge vt. 承认，答谢31.action n. 行动take action to do 采取行动32.active a.积极的，主动的activity n. 活动33.actual a. 实际的，现实的34.adapt vt. 使适应改编vi. 适应adapt to (doing) sth. 适应（做）某事35.add vt. 添加，增加补充说add to增加add…to把…….添加到add up加起来，合计add up to共计达多少36.addition n. 加法，增加的人(或物)in addition to 除了……之外37.addicted a. 沉溺于某种(不良)嗜好的入迷的be addicted to…对…上瘾沉溺于38.adjust vt. 调整，使适应于adjust to 调整，适应adjustment n. 调整，调节，校正39.administration n. 管理行政，40.admire v. 钦佩，羡慕admirable a. 可钦佩的极好的值得赞扬的41.admission n. 准许进入入场费录用承认admit vt. 承认准许(入场/入学/入会)admit doing…承认做了…be admitted to/ into sth. 允许进入；接收上学42.adolescent n. 青少年43.adopt vt. 采用接受收养44.advance v.& n. 使…前进进展& 发展前进in advance 在前面预先事先45.advantage n. 优点，好处take advantage of 利用…46.adventure n. 冒险，奇遇47.advertise vt 为…做广告advertisement n.广告48.advice n. advise vt. 忠告，劝告，建议advise doin 建议做…advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事49.advocate vt. 拥护；支持；提倡50.affair n. 事，事情current affairs 时事51.affect vt. 影响，感动，affection n. 影响，喜爱，情感52.Africa n.非洲African a. 非洲的非洲人的n. 非洲人53.after all 毕竟，终究54.afterward(s) ad. 后来55.again and again反复地，再三地once again再一次56.age n. 年龄，时代at the age of在……岁的时候57.agency n. 代理机构，经销商，中介a travel agency 旅行社58.agent n. 代理商59.aggressive a.侵略的，咄咄逼人的60.agree v. 同意，应允agree to do sth同意做agree with sb. 同意某人的看法/意见等61.agreement n. 同意，一致，协定，协议in agreement with 与……一致62.agricultural a. 农业的agriculture n. 农业，农学63.ahead ad. 在前，向前ahead of time 提前64.aid n. 援助，救护，辅助器具65.aim n.目的，目标v. 计划，打算，瞄准，针对66.in the air 在流传中；在空中on the air 广播中67.airline n. 航空公司，航空系统68.aircraft n. 飞机(单复数同)69.airport n. 航空站，飞机场70.airspace n. 空域，空间A1.alarm n. 惊恐，警报，警钟2.album n集邮本，照相簿，签名纪念册3.alcohol n.酒精，，含酒精之饮料，酒，乙醇4.alike a. & ad.像……5.alive a. 活着的，存在的6.all ad. 全部地 a.全（部），所有的，总，整pron.全部，全体人员all over 到处，遍及，浑身，处处（像某人）all over the country/world全国/全世界in all总之not at all一点也不7.alley n. 小路，巷8.allocate vt. 分派，分配9.allow vt. 允许，准许allow doing sth. 允许做allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事10.allowance n. 津贴，零用钱，限额，折扣，允许11.almost ad. 几乎，差不多12.alone a. 单独的，孤独的13.along ad. 向前，和……一起，一同prep. 沿着，顺着14.alongside ad. 在旁边，靠拢着15.aloud ad. 大声地16.alphabet n.字母表17.already ad. 已经18.also ad. 也19.alternative n. 两者择一，供替代的选择 a. 两者择一的，供选择的20.have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只能做…21.although conj. 虽然，尽管22.altogether ad. 总共23.always ad. 总是，一直，永远24.a.m./am，A.M./AM n. 午前，上午25.amateur a. 业余爱好的n. 业余爱好者26.amaze v.惊奇，惊叹，震惊27.amazing a. 令人惊异的28.ambassador n. 大使(ambassadress n. 大使夫人，女大使)29.ambiguous a. 模棱两可的, 含糊不清的30.ambition n.抱负，雄心，野心31.ambulance n. 救护车32.among prep在…中间，在…当中（主要指三个或更多人或物中；是…中间的一个33.amount n.总数，数额，数量v合计，达到（某数量）（常和to连用）34.ample a. 大量的，充足的，丰富的35.amuse vt. 消遣，娱乐，使发笑36.amusement n. 娱乐37.analyse/analyze v.分析38.analysis n.分析39.ancestor n. 祖宗，祖先40.ancient a. 古代的，古老的41.and conj. 和，又，而42.anger n. 怒，愤怒43.angle n. 角，角度，角落44.angry a. 生气的，愤怒的be angry with sb.对……生气/发怒45.animal n. 动物46.ankle n. 踝47.anniversary n. 周年纪念48.announce vt. 宣布，宣告49.annoy vt.（使）烦恼50.annual a. 每年的，一年一次的51.another a.再一，另一，别的，不同的pron. 另一个one after another一个接一个，依次，陆续52.answer n. 回答，答复，回信，答案v. 回答，答复，回信，（作出）答案53.ant n. 蚂蚁54.antique n. 古董，古物55.anxiety n.忧虑，焦急56.anxious a. 忧虑的，焦急的57.any pron. （无论）哪一个，哪些任何的，（用于疑问句、否定句）一些，什么58.anybody/ anyone pron. 任何人，无论谁59.anyhow ad. 不管怎样60.anything pron. 什么事（物），任何事（物）61.anyway ad. 不管怎样62.anywhere ad. 任何地方63.apart ad. 成零碎，成距离，分别地，分离着a. 分离的64.apartment n. （美）楼中单元房，一套房间，房间65.apologize vi. 道歉，谢罪apology n. 道歉，歉意apologize to sb. for sth./ make an apology to sb. for sth.为某事向某人道歉66.apparent a. 清晰可见的，显然的，表面上的67.appeal n. 恳求，诉请，上诉，吸引力vi. 呼吁，诉请，要求，上诉，有吸引力appeal to 恳求，呼吁68.appear vi. 出现69.appearance n. 出现，露面，容貌70.appendix n. 附录，附加物，阑尾71.appetite n. 食欲，欲望，爱好72.applaud v. 拍手喝彩，称赞，赞同73.apple n. 苹果74.applicant n. 申请人75.application n. 申请76.apply v. 申请apply to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人申请77.appoint vt. 任命，指定，下令78.appointment n. 约会79.appreciate v. 欣赏，感激appreciate doing 感激做某事80.approach v./ n.走近，靠近，临近81.appropriate a. 适当的82.approval n. 赞成，批准83.approve vt. 赞同，核准，为...提供证据vi. 赞许approve of 赞同84.approximately adv.接近，近似地85.arch n. 拱门，拱形86.architect n.建筑师，设计师87.architecture n. 建筑学，建筑式样88.area n. 面积，地域，地方，区域，范围，领域89.argue vi. 争辩，争论argue with sb. about/over sth. 关于某事同某人争吵90.argument n. 争论，辩论91.arise (arose, arisen) vi. 起来，升起出现呈现发生arise from 因…而产生，引起92.arm n. 臂，支架v. 以……装备，武装起来n.（美）武器，武力take sth.in one’s arms搂抱93.armchair n. 扶手椅94.army n.军队95.around ad.在周围，在附近prep. 在……周围，大约96.arrange v.安排，布置arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事= make arrangements for sb. to do sth.97.arrangement n.安排，布置98.arrest v.逮捕，拘捕99.arrival n.到来，到达100.arrive vi. 到达，达到arrive at/in(a place)到达某个地方101.arrow n. 箭，箭头102.art n.艺术，美术，技艺103.article n.文章，东西，物品，冠词104.artificial a. 人造的，假的，非原地产的105.artist n.艺术家106.as ad.& conj.像…一样如同因为prep. 作为当做as…as像，如同not so…as不像，不如as if/though好像，仿佛107.ash n. 灰，灰末108.ashamed a. 惭愧，害臊be ashamed of 对……感到羞愧 n. 亚洲n a. 亚洲的，亚洲人的n. 亚洲人A1.aside ad. 在旁边2.ask v. 问，询问，请求，要求，邀请ask for sth要某东西ask sb for sth想某人要某东西ask for sb 想见某人3.asleep a. 睡着的，熟睡fasll asleep 入睡4.aspect n. 样子，外表，面貌，（问题等的）方面（建筑物等的）方向，方位5.assignment n.分配，功课，任务，转让，归因，陈述6.assist vt. 帮助，促进vi. 协助，参加7.assistance n. 协助，援助8.assistant n. 助手，助理9.associate vt. 使联合，使发生联系vi. 交往10.association n.联合，联系，联盟，合伙，交际，交往协会，英式足球=association footballassociate with 与…有联系11.assume vt. 假定，承担，呈现12.assumption n. 假定，自负，担任，假装13.astonish vt. 使惊讶14.at prep. 在（几点钟），在（某处）15.athlete n. 运动员16.Atlantic a. 大西洋的the Atlantic Ocean大西洋17.atmosphere n. 大气，气氛18.atom n. 原子，微粒19.attach v.附加，隶属，系，贴attach to 把……系在，使属于20.attack vt. 攻击，袭击21.attain vt. 达到，获得vi. 达到22.attempt vt./n. 试图，尝试attempt to do sth. 尝试做……make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 尝试做……23.attend v. 看护，照料，服侍，出席，参加24.attention n. 注意，关心pay attention to (doing) sth. 注意……25.attitude n. 态度，看法26.attract v.吸引，引起n.27.attraction n. 吸引，吸引人的事物，吸引力28.attractive a. 迷人的，有吸引力的29.audience n. 观众，听众30.aunt n. 伯母，舅母，婶，姑，姨31.authentic a. 可靠的，可信的，真正的32.author n. 作者，作家33.authority n. 权力，当权者，当局，权威，专家34.automatic a. 自动的，机械的，必然的，无意识的35.Autumn n. 秋天，秋季36.available a.可以利用的合用的可得到的可达到的37.avenue n. 大道38.average a. 平均的，普通的n平均数on (the/an) average 平均39.avoid v. 避免，躲开，逃避avoid doing 避免做某事40.awake (awoke/awaked, awoken/awaked) v. 唤醒a.醒着的41.award n. 奖品，奖励42.aware a.意识到的，知道的be aware of 察觉到，意识到43.away ad. 离开，远离be away from 离开，不在go/run away走/跑开，离去44.awful a.令人畏惧的，可怕的，威严的，令人崇敬的45.awkward a. 笨拙的，棘手的B46.baby n. 婴儿47.bachelor n.未婚男子，独身汉；学士48.back ad. 回（原处）向后a. 后面的n. 背后后部背49.background n. 背景50.backward(s) ad. 向后51.bacon n. 咸猪肉，熏猪肉52.bad (比较级worse, 最高级worst) a. 坏的，有害的，不利的，严重的53.bag n. 书包，提包，袋子54.baggage n. 行李55.bake v. 烤，烘（面包）56.bakery n. (烘烤)面包糕点饼干厂57.balance n. 平衡keep one’s balance 保持平衡58.balcony n露台，阳台(剧场二楼)楼座，包厢59.ball n. 球n. 舞会60.ballet n.芭蕾舞，舞剧61.balloon n. 气球62.bamboo n.竹；竹杆，竹棍63.ban n/v. 禁止，禁令64.banana n. 香蕉65.band n. 带；箍；条；带状物；镶边；嵌条66.bandage n.绷带；带67.bank n.（河、海、湖的）岸，堤；银行bank account n.银行账户68.bar n. 条，（长方）块，棒，横木（酒店的）买酒柜台，酒吧，（卖东西的）柜台69.barbecue n. 烧烤的整只猪或牛，野外宴会，烤烧70.barber n. (男)理发师71.bare a. 裸体的；光秃秃的；空的72.bargain n.（经讨价还价之后）成交的商品，廉价货v.讨价还价73.bark v. 狗叫n. 狗叫声74.barrier n.栅栏，关卡障碍，隔阂75.base n. 根据地，基地，（棒球）垒76.baseball n.棒球运动，棒球77.basement n地下室，地下层78.basic a. 基本的79.basin n.水盆，脸盆80.basis n.基础，根据on the basis of 以……为基础81.basket n. 篮子82.basketball n. 篮球83.bat n. （棒球、板球的）球棒，蝙蝠84.bath n. 洗澡，浴室，澡盆85.bathe vi. 洗澡，游泳86.bathroom n. 浴室，盥洗室87.bathtub n.浴缸；澡盆88.battery n. 电池89.battle n. 战斗，战役90.bay n.湾91.BC n. 公元前92.beach n.海滩93.bean n. 豆，豆科植物94.bear (bore, borne/born)v. 承受，负担，承担，忍受，容忍n. 熊95.beard n. （下巴上的）胡须96.beast n. 野兽，牲畜97.beat (beat, beaten) v. 敲打，跳动，打赢n. （音乐）节拍98.beautiful a. 美的，美丽的，美观的99.beauty n. 美丽，美人100.because conj. 因为101.become (became, become) v. 变得，成为102.bed n. 床go to bed 上床睡觉make the bed 铺床（准备睡觉）103.beddings n. n. 寝具104.bedroom n. 寝室，卧室105.bee n. 蜜蜂106.beef n. 牛肉107.beer n. 啤酒108.before prep. 在……以前，在……前面ad. 以前conj. 在……之前109.beg v. 请求，乞求，乞讨110.begin (began, begun) v. 开始，着手111.beginning n. 开始，开端at the beginning of 在……开始B1.behalf n.方面，利益，赞同on behalf of 代表；为了…的利益2.behave v.守规矩，行为behave oneself 守规矩3.behaviour/ behavior n. 行为，举止4.behind prep. (表示位置)在……后面ad. 在后面，向后5.being n.生物，人存在，生存6.belief n. 信条，信念7.believe v. 相信，认为believe in 信仰；信任believe it or not 信不信由你8.bell n. 钟，铃，钟(铃)声，钟形物9.belly n.肚子，腹部10.belong vi. 属，附属belong to 属于……11.below prep. 在……下面12.belt n. （皮）带13.bench n. 长凳，工作台14.bend (bent, bent) vt. 使弯曲15.beneath prep. 在……下方（面）16.benefit n./ v.有利，利益/对……有利benefit from 从……中得益17.beneficial adj.有益的，有利的be beneficial to= be of benefit to 对……有益18.bent adj.弯的n.倾向，爱好19.beside prep. 在……旁边，近20.besides prep. 除……以外（还有）ad. 还有，此外21.betray vt.对…不忠，背叛出卖泄露，暴露，表明22.between prep. 在（两者）之间，在……中间23.beyond prep. (表示位置) 在……的那边24.bicycle/bike n. 自行车25.bid n. 企图，努力喊价，出价，投标vt. & vi.出价，投标26.big a. 大的27.bill n.账单，法案，议案，（美）钞票，纸币28.biology n. 生物（学）29.bird n. 鸟(birdcage n. 鸟笼)30.birth n. 出生，诞生31.birthday n. 生日32.birthplace n. 出生地，故乡33.biscuit n. 饼干34.bit n. 一点，一些，少量的a bit(of)有一点，一会儿not a bit一点也不，毫不35.bite (bit, bitten) v. 咬，叮36.bitter a. 有苦味的，痛苦的，难过的，严酷的37.black n. 黑色a. 黑色的38.blackboard n. 黑板39.blame n.& v. 责备，责怪40.blank n.& a. 空格空白（处）空的，茫然无表情的41.blanket n. 毛毯，毯子42.Bleed vi. 出血，流血43.bless (blessed，blessed) v. 求神赐福于44.blind a.瞎的45.block n. 大块（木等）块街区，路障vt. 阻塞阻挡46.blood n. 血，血液47.blouse n. 宽罩衫，（妇女、儿童穿的）短上衣48.blow n. 击，打击49.blow (blew, blown) v. 吹，刮风，吹气50.blue n. 蓝色a.蓝色的 a. 悲伤的，沮丧的51.board n. 木板，布告牌v. 上（船、火车、飞机）52.boat n. 小船，小舟53.body n. 身体，躯体54.boil v. 沸腾，烧开，煮……55.bomb n. 炸弹v. 轰炸56.bond n. 联系，关系连接，接合，结合57.bone n. 骨头，骨质（复数bones骨骼，骨骸）58.bonus n. 奖金，红利59.book n. 书，本子v. 预定，定（房间、车票等）60.boom n. 激增，猛涨，兴隆；发出隆隆声61.boot n. 长统靴，高统鞋62.bored a.使人厌烦的63.border n. 边缘，边境，国界64.boring a. 乏味的，无聊的65.born a. 出生be born出生66.borrow v. （向别人）借用，借67.boss n. 领班，老板68.botanical adj. 植物学的69.both a. 两，双pron. 两者，双方both…and…两个都，既……又……70.bother v.烦扰，打扰，烦恼，操心71.bottle n. 瓶子72.bottom n. 底部，底73.bounce v. 弹回弹跳n. 活力，生气74.boundary n. 分界线75.bow n. 弓，弓形物v. (向…)弯腰；鞠躬76.bowl n. 碗77.box n. 盒子，箱子78.boxing n.拳击（运动）79.boy n. 男孩80.boycott v. 抵制；拒绝参加81.brain n. 脑（子）82.brake n. 闸vi. 刹车83.brand n.商标，烙印84.branch n. 树枝，分枝，分公司，分店，支部85.brave a. 勇敢的86.bravery n. 勇气87.bread n. 面包88.break (broke, broken) v.打破(断碎)损坏撕开n.间隙break down损坏，分解，抛锚break out突然发生，爆发break away from脱离break into some place闯入，强行进入某个地方break off打断break in闯入，打断，插嘴break up分解，分裂89.breakfast n. 早餐at breakfast早餐时，正在吃早饭have breakfast吃早饭90.breast n.胸膛，胸部，乳房91.breath n. 气息，呼吸hold one’s breath不出气，屏住呼吸out of breath上气不接下气92.breakthrough n. 突破93.breathe vi. 呼吸94.breathless adj. 使人屏息的；喘气的95.brewery n. 酿造厂，啤酒厂96.brick n. 砖，砖块97.bride n. 新娘98.bridegroom n. 新郎99.bridge n. 桥100.brief a. 简洁的101.brilliant a.光辉的，辉煌的，英明的102.bright a. 明亮的，聪明的103.bring (brought, brought) vt. 拿来，带来，取来104.broad a. 宽的，宽大的105.broadcast（broadcast, broadcast或~ed，~ed）vt.广播n. 广播节目106.broken adj. 破碎的，被打坏的；打断的，中止的107.broom n. 扫帚108.brother n. 兄，弟109.brown n. 褐色，棕色a. 褐色的，棕色的110.brush v. 刷，擦n. 刷子B1.budget n. 预算2.buffet n. 自助餐，小卖部，碗橱，殴打，冲击3.build (built，built) v. 建筑，造4.building n. 建筑物，房屋，大楼5.bunch n.（一）球，束，串6.bump vt. & vi.撞倒；冲撞n.碰撞，猛撞7.bunch n. 群；串8.bureaucratic adj.官僚的，官僚主义的，官僚作风的9.burglar n. 窃贼，破门盗窃者10.burn (burned, burned 或burnt, burnt) v. 燃，着火，使烧焦，使晒黑n. 烧伤，晒伤11.burst v. 突然发生，突然发作12.bury vt. 埋，葬13.bus n. 公共汽车14.bush n. 灌木丛，矮树丛15.business n.(本分)工作职业职责生意交易事业16.businessman/woman n.（男）商人/企业家（女）商人/企业家(pl.businessmen/women)17.busy a. 忙（碌）的be busy doing sth忙于做某事be busy with sth忙于某事18.but conj. 但是，可是prep. 除了，除……外19.butcher n. vt. 肉店，屠夫屠宰（动物），残杀（人）20.butter n. 黄油，奶油21.butterfly n. 蝴蝶22.the butterfly蝶泳23.button n. 纽扣，（电铃等的）按钮v. 扣（纽扣）24.buy(bought, bought) vt. 买25.by prep.近，在…旁，在…时间不迟于被用由乘26.bye-bye int.再见C27.cab n.（美）出租车28.cabbage n. 卷心菜，洋白菜29.cafe n. 咖啡馆，餐馆30.cafeteria n. 自助餐厅31.cage n 笼，鸟笼32.cake n. 蛋糕，糕点，饼33.calculate v. 计算34.call n.喊，叫，电话，通话v. 称呼，呼唤，喊，叫call for需要，要求，接（某人），迎，取call at 访问（某地），停泊在call away 叫走，把（注意力）转移开call in 召集，收集，请入，引入call off 取消，下令停止call on 拜访（某人）call on sb to do sth号召某人干某事call out大声喊，唤起call to mind 使想起，回忆起call up 打电话给……，召集，使想起35.calm a. 镇静的，沉着的v. 镇静，沉着36.camel n. 骆驼37.camera n. 照相机，摄像机38.camp n. （夏令）营vi. 野营，宿营39.campaign n. 运动，战役vi.参加运动，参加竞选40.can (could) can’t = can not modal v. 可能，能够，可以/ 不能n. （美）罐头，罐子41.canal n. 运河42.cancel vt. 取消43.cancer n. 癌44.candidate n. 申请求职者，候选人，报考者45.candle n. 蜡烛46.candy n. 糖果47.canteen n. 小卖部，食堂48.cap n. （无檐的或仅在前面有檐的）帽子，（瓶子的）盖，（钢笔等的）笔套49.capable adj. 有能力的，有技能的be capable of 有能力的50.capital n. 首都，省会，大写，资本51.capsule n. 胶囊52.captain n. （海军）上校，船长，舰长，队长53.caption n. 标题，说明文字，字幕54.car n. 汽车，小卧车55.carbon n. 碳卡片，56.card n.名片，纸牌card games纸牌游戏57.care n. 照料，保护，小心v.介意……，在乎，关心take care of照顾，照看，关心care for喜欢，愿意，想要，照看，介意58.career n. 生涯，职业59.careful a. 小心的，仔细的，谨慎的60.careless a. 粗心的，漫不经心的61.carpenter n. 木匠62.carpet n. 地毯63.carriage n. 四轮马车，（火车）客车厢64.carrier n. 搬运者，媒介，置物架，(车的)货架65.carrot n.胡萝卜66.carry vt. 拿，搬，带，提，抬，背，抱，运等carry on坚持，继续，进行carry out贯彻，执行，实施，完成carry about 随身携带carry away 冲走，带走，冲昏某人头脑carry back 拿回，运回，使想起carry …into effect/practice执行，实行，实现，完成carry off带走叼走，夺去……的生命，获得（奖品）carry through 坚持到底，进行到底，贯彻，完成67.cartoon n. 动画片，卡通，漫画68.carve v. 雕刻69.case n. 情况，病例，案件，真相，箱，盒，容器70.cash n. 现金，现钞v. 兑现71.cassette n. 盒式录音带72.cast (cast, cast) v. 投，掷，扔73.castle n. 城堡74. casual a. 偶然的,随便的,非正式,漫不经心的75. cat n. 猫76.catalogue n. 目录，一览表77.catastrophe n. 灾祸，灾难78.catch(caught, caught) v.接住捉住赶上染上（疾病）catch up with赶上，追及，追上be caught doing 被发现做某事be caught in the rain 淋雨catch /take fire 着火be caught in the traffic遭遇交通阻塞catch one’s word听懂某人的话catch sight of 发现，瞥见catch sb’s attention引起某人注意catch the point of 抓住……的要点79.category n. 种类，类别80.cater v. 迎合81.Catholic adj. 天主教82.cattle n. 牛（总称），家畜83.cause n. 原因，起因vt. 促使，引起，使发生84.caution n. 小心，谨慎，慎重85.cautious a.小心技谨慎的86.cave n. 洞，穴，地窖87.CD光盘(compact disk的缩写)88.ceiling n. 天花板，顶棚89.celebrate v. 庆祝90.celebration n. 庆祝，庆祝会(仪式)91.cell n. 〈生〉细胞，小牢房，单人小室，电池92.cent n. 美分（100 cents =1 dollar）93.centigrade a. 摄氏的94.centimetre (美centimeter) n. 公分，厘米95.central a. 中心的，中央的，主要的96.centre/center n. 中心，中央97.century n. 世纪，百年98.ceremony n. 仪式，典礼99.certain a. （未指明真实名称的）某…，确定的，无疑的，一定会…uncertain a. 不确定的100.certificate n. 证明，证明书101.chain n. 链，链条chain store(s)连锁店102.chair n. 椅子103.chairman n. 主席，会长，议长chairwoman n. 女主席，女会长，女议长104.chalk n. 粉笔105.challenge n.挑战(性)106.challenging a.具有挑战性的C1.champion n.冠军，优胜者2.chance n. 机会，可能性3.change n.零钱，找头；v. 改变，变化，更换，兑换change… into转换成，把……变成4.changeable a.易变的，变化无常的5.channel n.频道，通道，水渠6.chant v. 吟颂，咏唱n.圣歌7.chaos n. 混乱，紊乱be in chaos 混乱8.chapter n. （书的）章，回，篇；时代，时期9.character n. （汉）字，字体，品格10.characteristic adj. 特有的，典型的11.charge v. 要求收费，索价，将(电池)充电n. 费用，价钱12.charity n. 慈爱，仁慈；救济金；慈善团体；宽厚13.chart n. 图表；航海图14.chase v. 追捕，追逐n. 追捕，追猎15.chat n. & vi.聊天，闲谈16.cheap a. 便宜的，17.cheat n. & v. 骗取，哄骗，作弊18.check n. 检查，批改vt. 校对，核对，检查，批改19.cheek n. 面颊，脸蛋20.cheer n. & vi.欢呼，喝彩cheer up振作起来！提起精神！21.cheerful adj. 欢乐的，高兴的22.cheers int. 举杯敬酒的用语23.cheese n. 奶酪24.chef n. 主厨，大师傅25.chemical adj. 化学的n. 化学药品26.chemist n. 药剂师，化学家27.chemistry n.化学28.cheque /check n. 支票29.chess n. 棋30.chest n. 箱子，盒子，胸部31.chew v.咀嚼32.chicken n. 鸡，鸡肉33.chief a. 主要的，首要的n. 领导，头34.child (复children) n. 孩子，儿童35.childhood n. 幼年时代，童年36.chocolate n. 巧克力37.choice n. 选择，抉择38.choke n&v 窒息39.choose (chose, chosen) vt. 选择40.chopsticks n. 筷子41.Christmas n.圣诞42.church n. 教堂，教会43.cigar n. 雪茄烟44.cigarette n. 纸烟，香烟45.cinema n. 电影院，电影go to the cinema看电影46.circle n. vt. 圆圈将……圈起来47.circuit n. 电路，线路；环行，环行道48.circumstance n.环境，条件，情况；境遇，经济状况49.circus n. 马戏团50.citizen n. 公民，居民51.city n. 市，城市，都市52.civil a. 国内的，平民（非军人）的，民用的53.civilian n. 平民，百姓54.civilization n.文明55.*claim v&n 声称；索取；认领；夺去（生命）56.clap v 鼓掌；拍手57.clarify v. 使清楚；澄清58.class n 班级；课；阶级；等级59.classic a.最佳的，优秀的，典型的60.classmate n. 同班同学61.classroom n. 教室62.*clause n从句；分句63.claw n. 爪，爪状物64.clay n. 黏土，泥土65.clean vt. 弄干净，擦干净a. 清洁的，干净的66.cleaner n. 清洁工，清洁器，清洁剂67.clear a. 清晰的，明亮的，清楚的68.clerk n. 书记员，办事员，职员69.clever a. 聪明的，伶俐的70.click v. 点击（计算机用语）71.*client n 委托人；当事人72.climate n. 气候73.climb v. 爬，攀登74.clinic n. 诊所75.clock n. 钟76.clone n. 克隆（无性繁殖出来的有机体群）77.close a.&ad 亲密的，近，78.cloth n. 布79.clothes n. 衣服，各种衣物80.clothing n. (总称) 衣服81.cloud n. 云，云状物，阴影82.cloudy a.多云的，阴天的83.club n. 俱乐部，纸牌中的梅花84.*clue n 线索；迹象；提示85.clumsy adj. 笨拙的，笨重的86.coach n. 教练，马车，长途车87.coal n. 煤，煤块88.coast n. 海岸，海滨89.coat n. 外套，涂层，表皮，皮毛vt. 给……穿外套，涂上90.cocoa n. 可可粉91.*code n 密码；代码92.coffee n. 咖啡93.coin n. 硬币94.coke n. 焦煤，焦炭95.cold a. 冷的，寒的n. 寒冷，感冒，伤风i.catch /take cold伤风，感冒have a cold伤风，感冒96.*collapse v 倒塌；昏倒；瓦解；暴跌97.collar n. 衣领，硬领98.colleague n.同事99.collect vt. 收集，搜集100.collection n. 收藏品，收集的东西101.college n. 学院，专科学校102.colour (Am color) n. 颜色vt. 给……着色，涂色103.column n.柱，圆柱；栏，专栏(文章)；纵队，直行b n. 梳子v. 梳bine vt. 使联合，使结合106.*combination n 联合；结合e (came, come) vi. 来，来到come back回来，恢复，复原come down倒下，降落，跌落，病倒come from来自，起源于，从……产生，生于come in进来，进入，流行起来，获名次come on上演，开始，赶快，发展，登台，被提出come out出来，发芽，出版，结果是，褪色，泄露come to an agreement 达成协议come to a conclusion 得出结论come to a decision 作出决定come to an end 终止，结束come to a stop 结束，停止，停顿come to an understanding 取得谅解edy n. 喜剧fort n. 安慰，慰问fortable a. 舒服的，安逸的，舒服自在的mand n. & v. 命令ment n. 评论mercial a. 商业的，商务的114.*commission n 委员；特派员；长官mit v. 犯罪；犯错，托付；交付mitment n 承诺；献身；投入；花费mittee n. 委员会mon a. 普通的，一般的，共有的municate v. 交际，传达（感情，信息等）munication n. 交际，交往，通讯Cmunism n. 共产主义munist n. 共产主义者a.共产党的，共产主义的munity n. 社区，社会，团体；共有，共享panion n. 同伴，同事pany n. 公司pare vt. 比较，对照be compared to 被比作，与……相比be compared with与…相比beyond compare无可比拟的compare notes with和……交换意见/商量/核对笔记compare …to…把..比作，把……与……相比compare …with…把……与……相比pensate v. 补偿，报酬pete vi. 比赛，竞赛petence n. 能力，技能petition n. 比赛，竞赛plaint n. 抱怨，诉苦plete a. 完成的vt. 完成，结束plex a. 由许多部分组成的，复合的，复杂的，难懂的n. 综合体，集合体plicated a 复杂的；难懂的ponent n. 成分，组成部分，部件，元件position n. 作文，作曲prehension n. 理解pulsory a. 必须做的，强制性的puter n. 电子计算机20.concentrate v.集中（注意力等于），专心concentrate on…专注于……21.concept n. 概念，观念22.concern v. 与……有关，使（某人）（为…）担心be concerned abou t…（为……担心）n.担心，关心23.*concerned a 担心的；关注的24.concert n. 音乐会，演奏会25.conclude v. 完成，结束26.conclusion n.结论，结束in conclusion 总之27.concrete a. 实体的，有形的，确实的，明确的，确定的28.condition n. 条件，状况29.conduct vt. 引导，带领30.conductor n. 管理人，指导者，（车上的）售票员，列车员，乐队指挥31.conference n. （正式的）会议，讨论32.confident a.有自信的，确信的33.*confidence n 自信；信心34.confidential a. 秘密的，机密的35.confirm v. 证实，确定36.conflict n. 冲突，抵触，争论37.confuse v.使困惑，使糊涂38.congratulate v 祝贺，庆贺39.congratulation n.祝贺，庆贺congratulate sb on sth祝贺某人某事40.connect vt. 连接，把……联系起来be connected wit h…与……有关系41.connection n连接物，接触，联系保存42.conscience n. 良心43.conscious adj. 神志清醒的；知道的；注意到的be conscious of 意识到……44.consequence n. 结果，后果45.conservation n. 保存，保护，避免浪费46.conservative a. 保守的，守旧的47.consider vt. 考虑consider doing…考虑做某事be considered as =be considered to be …被认为是48.*considerable a. 相当多的49.considerate a. 体贴的50.consideration n. 考虑，关心51.consist v. 包含，组成，构成consist o f…组成，构成52.consistent a 一致的；持续的53.constant a. 经常的，不断的，始终如一的，恒久的54.constitution n. 宪法，法规，章程55.construct v. 建筑，修建56.construction n. 建造，建设，建筑物57.consult v.咨询，查阅58.consultant n. 顾问，高级顾问医生，会诊医生59.consume v. 消耗，消费，耗尽60.contact n. 接触；联系，联络，交往；社会关系，熟人，门路；触点，接头be in contact with …/ get in contact with…/keep in contact with…vi & vt 联系61.contain v. 包含，包括，能容纳62.container n. 容器63.contemporary a当代的，同时代的，同属一个时期的64.content n. 内容 a. 甘愿的，满意的be content with对……满意65.context n. 背景，环境；上下文，语境66.continent n.大陆，大洲，陆地67.continue vi. 继续68.*contract n 合同；合约69.contradict v. 反驳，否认…的真实性，与…发生矛盾，70.contradictory a 相互矛盾的；对立的71.contrary n./ a.相反相反的on the contrary正好/恰恰相反72.contribute v. 捐献，捐助，贡献出，起促成作用contribute to…促成，有助于73.contribution n. 贡献74.control vt.& n. 控制75.convenience n. 便利76.convenient a. 便利的，方便的77.conventional a. 依照惯例的约定俗成的依照传统的，常规的，非核的78.conversation n. 谈话，交谈79.convey v. 运输；运送，表达，转达80.convince v. 使相信；使明白81.cook n. 炊事员，厨师v. 烹调，做饭82.cooker n. 炊具(锅、炉灶、烤炉等)83.cookie n. 饼干84.cool a. 凉的，凉爽的，酷85.cooperation n. 合作86.*cope v 对付；处理87.copy n. 抄本，副本，一本（份，册）v. 抄写，复印，（计算机用语）拷（备份盘）88.corn n. 玉米，谷物89.corner n. 角，角落，拐角90.corporation n.法人，社团法人，公司91.correct v.改正，纠正a. 正确的，对的，恰当的incorrect a.不正确的，错误的92.correction n. 改正，修改；纠正93.correspond v. 相符合，相一致correspond t o/with…（与……）一致，相符94.corrupt a. 堕落的，腐败的，贪赃舞弊的v. (使)败坏，(使)腐化95.cost n.成本96.cottage n. (郊外的)小屋，村舍，别墅97.cotton n. 棉花a. 棉花的98.cough n.& vi. 咳嗽99.could modal v.（can的过去式）可以……，（表示许可或请求）可以……，行100.*council n 地方议会；委员会；市政服务机构101.count vt. 数，点数102.counter n. 柜台，结账处103.country n. 国家，农村，乡下104.countryside n. 乡下，农村105.county n. 郡，县106.couple n. 夫妇，一对107.courage n. 勇气，胆略108.course n. 过程，经过，课程of course当然109.court n. 法庭，法院110.courtyard n. 庭院，院子111.cousin n. 堂（表）兄弟，堂（表）姐妹112.cover n. 盖子，罩v. 覆盖，遮盖，掩盖be covered with被……覆盖C1.cow n. 母牛，奶牛2.crack v 破裂；砸开3.crash v. (使)猛撞，(使)撞毁，突然失败，倒闭n. 撞车事故，失事4.crayon n蜡笔，蜡笔画5.crazy a. 疯狂的6.cream n. 奶油，乳脂7.create vt. 创造，造成8.creature n.生物，动物9.credit n. 信用，信赖，信誉10.crew n.全体船员11.crime n. （法律上的）罪，犯罪12.criminal n.罪犯13.crisis n. 危机，危急关头；关键阶段14.critic n. 批评家，评论家15.*critical a 批评的；极重要的；可能有危险的；判断公正的16.*criticism n 批评；评论17.*criticize v 批评；评论18.crop n. 庄稼，收成19.cross a. 脾气不好的，易怒的n. 十字形的东西vt. 越过，穿过20.crossing n. 十字路口，人行横道21.crossroads n.交叉路口22.crowd n. 人群vt. 拥挤，群聚23.cruel a. 残忍的，残酷的，无情的24.cry n. 叫喊，哭声v. 喊叫，哭25.cube n. 立方形的东西，立方体26.cubic a. 立方形的，立方体的27.culture n. 文化28.cup n. 茶杯29.cupboard n. 碗柜，橱柜30.cure n. & vt. 治疗，医好31.curious a. 好奇的，奇异的32.currency n.货币，现金33.current n. 水流，气流，电流；趋向，趋势，倾向adj.现在的，现行的；通用的，通行的34.curriculum n. 总课程35.curtain n. 窗帘36.custom n. 习惯，习俗，风俗习惯37.customer n.（商店等的）顾客，主顾38.customs n. 海关，关税39.cut (cut, cut) v. n. 切，剪，削，割伤口40.cute adj. 漂亮的，娇小可爱的聪明伶俐的精明的41.cycle vi. 骑自行车42.cyclist n. 骑自行车的人D43.dad=daddy n. 爸，爹44.daily a. 每日的，日常的ad. 每天n. 日报45.dam n. 坝，堤46.damage n.& vt. 毁坏，损害47.damp a. & n. 潮湿（的）48.dance n.& vi. 跳舞49.danger n. 危险in danger处于危险之中50.dangerous a.危险的51.dare v.& aux.（后接不带to的不定式，主要用于疑问，否定或条件句）敢，敢于52.dark n. 黑暗暗处日暮a. 黑暗的暗淡的深色的53.darkness n. 黑暗，阴暗54.darling n. 心爱的人，(用作称呼)亲爱的55.dash v. & n. 快跑，冲刺，短跑56.data n. 资料，数据57.database n. 资料库，数据库58.date n. 日期，约会，.枣59.daughter. 女儿60.dawn n. 黎明，拂晓61.day n. （一）天，（一）日，白天by day日间，在白天day after day日复一日（强调重复）day and night日日夜夜one day一天the day after tomorrow后天the day before yesterday前天the other day前几天，某日62.dead a.死的，无生命的63.deadline n.最后期限，截止日期64.deaf. 聋的65.deal v.(dealt, dealt)n.量，数额，交易deal with 处理，处置a great/good deal of大量，许多的66.dear int.（表示惊愕等）哎呀！唷！a.亲爱的，贵的67.death n. 死，死亡68.debate n. & v.讨论，辩论69.debt n. 债务，欠款70.decade n. 十年，十年间71.decide v. 决定，下决心72.decision n. 决定，决心make a decision 做出一个决定73.declare vt. 声明，断言74.decline v. 辞谢；谢绝(邀请等)75.decorate vt.装饰，修饰decoration n.装饰，修饰76.decrease降低，减少77.deed n. 行为，事迹do a good deed做一件好事78.deep a. 深ad. 深，深厚79.deer n. 鹿80.defeat vt. 击败，战胜81.defence/defense n. & v. 防御，防务in defense of…为了保卫……82.defend vt. 防守，保卫83.define v. 定义自选色，设置自定义颜色84.definite a. 明确的，确切的，一定的，肯定的85.definition n. 定义，释义86.degree n. 程度，度数，学位87.delay n. & v. 拖延, 延误88.delete v.删去89.deliberately a. 故意地90.delicate a. 娇弱的，纤细的，易碎的，脆弱的91.delicious a. 美味的，可口的92.delight n. 快乐，乐事93.delighted a. 高兴的，快乐的94.deliver vt. 投递（信件，邮包等）95.demand vt. 要求demand sth of/from sb 对（人）要求…96.*demanding a. 要求高的97.*deny v. 否认98.dentist n. 牙科医生99.department(缩Dept.)n.部门（机关的）司处，（大学的）系100.department store n.百货商场101.departure n. 离开，离去102.depend vi.依靠，依赖，指望，取决于depend on…依赖于……103.deposit v. 放置；放下，存放；交与……保管104.depression n. 忧伤，消沉，沮丧105.depth n. 深，深度106.describe vt.描写，叙述107.description n.描述，描写108.desert n. 沙漠vt. 舍弃，遗弃109.deserve v. 值得, 应受的110.design n.& vt. n. 设计，策划图案，图样，样式D1.desire vt. & n. 要求，期望2.desk n. 书桌，办公桌，写字台3.desperate a. 不顾一切的, 渴望的4.despite prep. 不管5.dessert n.甜点6.destination n. 目的地，终点7.destroy vt. 破坏，毁坏8.detail n. 细目，细节；小事；各种细节，详情9.detective n.侦探10.determine vt. 决定，决心11.develop v.（使）发展，（使）发达（使）发育，开发vt. 冲洗（照片）12.development n. 发展，发达，发育，开发13.device n. 装置，设备，器具；手段，策略14.devote vt. 把……奉献，把……专用（于）devote oneself to doingbe devoted to doing15.devotion n. 奉献，奉献精神16.dial vt. 拨（电话号码）17.dialogue /dialog n. 对话18.diamond n. 钻石，金刚石，纸牌中的方块19.diary n. 日记，日记簿20.dictation n. 听写21.dictionary n. 词典，字典22.die v. 死23.diet n. 饮食。
Unit 5 Listening and Speaking示范教案
Unit 5 The Value of MoneyListening and Speaking教材分析开篇页主题图展现的是电影《百万英镑》中发生在酒店的一幕。
在这幅剧照中，主人公亨利高高举起百万英镑大钞给债主们看，剧照的背景就是这张在故事发展中起重要作用的巨额钞票。
开篇页的名言警句为英国哲学家弗朗西斯·培根的语句“Money is a good servant and a bad master.”名言所揭示的金钱作用的双重性与本单元的“金钱的价值”主题相呼应，本单元的主题意义由此引出：探讨对金钱的正确态度，培养树立健康的金钱观。
听说板块的主题为“讨论拾金不昧的善举”（Discuss the good deed of returning lost money）。
该板块通过一则“清洁工拾金不昧”的新闻报道开启本单元关于金钱价值的主题讨论，为后面探究《百万英镑》戏剧的主题意义做铺垫。
同时，新闻体裁的引入也体现了语言学习的实用性，旨在帮助学生熟悉新闻报道的文体特点，培养听英语新闻的技能。
发音板块提供了《百万英镑》的几个剧本音频片段用作语音练习素材，旨在引导学生关注语调和语流节奏。
一方面，学生可通过模仿学习掌握正确的语音语调，体会句子的重读、弱读和节奏；另一方面，学生可模仿学习剧中角色如何运用语流节奏来表达情感，增加语言感染力。
教学目标1. 能正确理解和使用下列单词/词块：basis, on the basis of, loan, take out a loan, plastic, apologise, ignore, in return, judge。
2. 能通过听说模仿掌握正确的语音语调，体会句子的重读、弱读和节奏。
3. 能通过阅读开篇页信息，熟悉单元主题语境，预测单元内容，明确学习内容。
4. 能通过听新闻报道获取具体信息，梳理事件的来龙去脉。
5. 能通过运用听力材料中所提取的语言信息，谈论“金钱的价值”这一主题。
人教版2019高中英语选择性必修第三册Units 1-5 选择性必修第三册 词形变化检测(含答案)
人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册各单元词性转换Unit 11. _________ adj. 准确的；精确的→_________ adv. 准确地；精确地；的确如此2. _________ adj.真实的→_________ n. 现实；事实→_________ adj.现实的；逼真的→_________ n. 逼真；现实主义；务实作风→_________ n. 现实主义画家(或作家等)；现实主义者3. _________ n. 人性；人道；(统称)人类→_________ adj.人文主义的4. _________ n.影响；作用→_________adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的5. _________ n. 雕像；雕刻品；雕刻术→_________ n. 雕刻家；雕塑家6. _________adj.视觉的；视力的→_________ adv.外表上；视觉地7. _________ vt.&vi. 呈弧形横跨；(使)成弓形n.拱；拱形结构；拱门→_________adj.拱形的；弓形的8. _________ vt.&vi.投资；投入→_________ n. 投资额；投资；(时间、精力的)投入9. _________ vi.&vt.批评；指责；评价→ _________ n.批评；指责；评论10. _________ vt. 代表；象征→_________ n. 代表adj.典型的；有代表性的11. _________ v.展出，展览→_________ n. 展览；(技能、感情或行为的)表演12. _________ n. 艺术→_________ n. 艺术家→_________ adj.艺术的；艺术家的13. _________ adj.国民的；民用的；民事的→_________ n.平民，老百姓→_________ n.文明14. _________ vt.认出；认可，公认→ ________ n. 承认；认出；赞誉15. _________ v.扩展，扩大→_________ n.扩张；扩展；扩大Unit 21. _________ n.物理(学)→_________adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的→_________ n.物理学家2. _________ v.&n. 重复→_________adj.重复的→_________ adv.重复地3. _________ n. 心理学；心理；心理影响→_________ adj.心理的，心理上的→_________ adv. 心理(学)地4. _________ n. 外科手术；外科学→_________ n.外科医生5. _________ adj. 特别的；专门的→_________ n. 专科医生；专家→_________ vi. 专攻；专门从事；专注于6. _________ vt. 咨询；请教→_________ n. 咨询；咨询会→_________ n. 顾问；高级顾问医师7. _________ n. 糖→_________ n.含糖的；甜的8. _________ n. 月→_________ adv.&adj.每月；每月一次的n. 月刊9. _________ v. 依赖；依靠→_________ adj. 可依赖的；可信赖的→_________adj.(反)10. _________ v.组成；作曲→_________ n.作品11. _________ v.使恢复精力；使凉爽→_________ adj.感到神清气爽的Unit 31. _________ vi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→_________n. 挨饿；饿死2. _________ n. 生态；生态学→_________ adj. 生态学的3. _________ vt. 维持；遭受；承受住→_________ adj. 可持续的；合理利用的4. _________ adj.经常的；频繁的→_________ ad v.频繁地；经常5. _________ vt. 限制；限定；束缚→_________ n.限制规定；限制法规；约束6. _________ n.融洽，一致→_________ n.和谐的7. _________ adj.每年的；一年的n.年刊；年鉴→ _________ adv. 每年；一年一次地8. _________ n. 起源；由来→_________adj. 最初的；原始的→_________ vi.&vt. 起源；发源；创立9._________ vt.保存→ _________ n. 对(环境、文物等)保护；保持10. _________ vt.规定，管理→ ________ n. 章程；规章制度11. _________ vt忍受；包容；容许→_________n.忍受；宽容12. _________ vt. 检查；视察→_________ n．检查；查看；视察13. _________ vt. 提交；呈递；屈服→_________ n提交；呈递；屈服14. _________ n.感觉_________adj. 敏感的Unit 41. _________ vt.忍耐；忍受→_________n. 忍耐力；耐久力2. _________ vt.&vi.(使)具有资格；(使)合格→_________ adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→_________ n. (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历3. _________ vt. 分派；布置；分配→_________ n.任务；分配4. _________ vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃→_________ adj.被遗弃的5. _________ n. 自我；自身→_________ adj. 自私的→_________ adj. 无私的；忘我的6. _________ vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃→_________ adj.被遗弃的7. _________ vi.坚持；孜孜以求→_________ n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神8. _________ vi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n.决心；坚定的信念→_________ n.决议；坚定9. _________ adj．残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→_________ adv. 残酷地；残忍地→_________ n. 残忍；残酷10. _________ n. 运气；财富→_________ adj. 幸运的；吉利的→_________ adv. 幸运地→_________ adv. 不幸地；遗憾地11. _________ vt. 带领；引导n. 导游→_________ n.指导；引导；导航12. _________ vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告→_________ n.广告活动；广告业→_________ n. 广告；启事13. _________ adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→_________ adv. 粗糙地；粗略地14. ________ vt. 犯(错误)；干(坏事)→________ n.承诺；保证；奉献15. _________ n. 动机；原因；目的→_________ vt.使有动机，促使，激发→_________ n.动力，诱因16. _________ adj. 热情的；热心的→_________ n. 热情；热心17. ________ v. 属于→_________ n.财产Unit 51. _________n.文学；文学作品→_________n.文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征的2. _________ adj. 分别的；各自的→_________ adv. 分别；各自；依次为3. _________ adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的→_________ n.理解力；领悟力；理解练习4. _________ adj.民用的；国内的→_________ n.平民；老百姓→_________ n.文明；文明世界5. _________n.同情；赞同→_________adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的6. ________adj. 天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的→ ________ n.天真；单纯；无罪7. ________vi. 相一致；符合；相当于；通信→ ________ n.来往信件；通信联系8. _________ n. 赛跑；种族，民族→_________ adj.种族的；人种的→_________n.种族主义9. _________ n.悲伤；悲痛→_________ adj.悲伤的10. ________ vt.背诵；吟诵_________ n.背诵11. ________vi.变化→_________ adj.各种各样的→_________ n.变化→_________ n.多样性案：unit 11. precise；precisely2. real；reality；realistic；realism；realist3. humanity；humanistic4. influence；influential5. sculpture；sculptor6. visual；visually7. arch；arched8. invest；investment9. criticise/criticize；criticism 10. represent；representative 11. exhibit；exhibition 12. art；artist；artistic 13. civil；civilian；civilization/civilisation 14. recognize/recognise；recognition 15. expand；expansionUnit 21.physics；physical；physicist2. repeat；repeated；repeatedly3. psychology；psychological；psychologically4. surgery；surgeon5. special；specialist；specialize6. consult；consultation；consultant7. sugar；sugary8. month；monthly9. rely; reliable; unreliable 10. compose; composition 11. refresh；refreshedUnit 31. starve；starvation2. ecology；ecological3. sustain；sustainable4. frequent；frequently5. restrict；restriction6. harmony；harmonious7. annual；annually8. origin；original；originate9. conserve；conservation 10. regulate；regulation 11. tolerate；tolerance 12. inspect；inspection 13. submit; submission 14. sense;sensitiveUnit 41. endure；endurance2. qualify；qualified；qualification3. assign；assignment4. abandon；abandoned5. self；selfish；selfless6. abandon；abandoned7. persevere；perseverance8. resolve；resolution9. cruel；cruelly；cruelty 10. fortune；fortunate；fortunately；unfortunately 11. guide；guidance 12. advertise；advertising；advertisement 13. rough；roughly 14. commit；commitment 15. motive；motivate；motivation 16. enthusiastic；enthusiasm 17. belong; belongingsUnit 51.literature；literary2. respective；respectively3. comprehensive；comprehension 4. civil；civilian；civilization/civilisation 5. sympathy；sympathetic 6. innocent；innocence 7. correspond；correspondence 8.race；racial；racism 9. sorrow; sorrowful 10. recite; recitation 11. vary;various; variation; variety。
全新版大学英语综合教程5(第二版)unit1-7课后答案
全新版大学英语综合教程5(第二版)unit1-7课后答案全新版大学英语综合教程5 (第二版) unit1-7 课后答案UNIT1VocabularyI.1. allot2. go through fire and water3. reside4. sobbed5. made no mention of6. sacrifice7. came upon8. rhythm9. volume 10. something of aII.1. I stayed on as an assistant professor.2. I hold it to my ear because I want to hear time tick away.3. The salary is not wonderful, but the duties are light.4. The moral of the lesson is not to talk to strangers.5. Yes, but it cannot hold a candle to Huangshan.III.1. The nasty smell from the kitchen made her stomach churn.2. When she sank into drunkenness, she was able to forget her sorrow.3. In the 1500 meters, Martin and Parker came first and third respectively.4. The two hills Shunner Fell from the north and Lovely Seat from the south flank the famous Butter Tubs Pass.5. Levi, in gratitude to Joshua, gave a party for him.Iv. 1. ambition-----ambition-----regardless of 2. discourse---by way of 3. is engraved---inward V. 1. have come upon/across 2. had come out 3. come on/up 4. came across 5. comes down to 6. came around/to 7. comes to 8. came through 9. came up with 10. comes upUsage1. the Wilsons2. Mark Twain3. Annie Johnsons4. another Winston Churchill5. a Mrs. Burton6. a Budweiser7. A Monet8.an old FordComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze 1. Text-related 1.go through fire and water 2.salary3. give---no peace4. sink into5. ambition6. By way of7.expressive8.churned9. engraved 10. not hold a candle to 11. inward2. Theme-related1. Success2. literacy3. significantly4. promoting5.appropriate 6. too 7. later8. repetition 9. invented 10. lessII. TranslationAlthough my grandmother was illiterate, she had a good stock of myths and legends. When I was young I gave her no peace, constantly asking her to tell me stories. After she had finished her housework, she would lift me onto her lap and tell stories, all the while rocking me in rhythm. Having noticed my interest in stories, my parents lost no time in initiating me into reading. They bought many storybooks with illustrations, and whenever free, they would read these stories to me over and over again. By and by I had a vocabulary large enough to read on my own.全新版大学英语综合教程5 (第二版) unit1-7 课后答案UNIT2VocabularyI. 1.1) appetite 2) destructive3) agency 4) processed5) saturated 6) utter7) hoisted 8) referring to9) retrieve 10) Unfortunately2.1) Peter was chasing the dog and Tom was riding the wooden horse in the garden.2) They all looked on except one young man. He took her to the hospital instantly.3) I laid charges against the company and won the case.4) If we want to stay competitive, first of all we need to modernize our factory.5) They got irrigation water from the dammed rivers.3.1) Except in the oases the desert is almost devoid of vegetation, although some stunted, thornyshrubs grow in the western Sahara.2) The fruits growing wild in the coastal forest are edible.3) The national security agency made recommendations for improving safety standards inairplanes / to improve safety standards in airplanes.4) The Beatles enjoyed success on a scale unparalleled by any previous pop group.5) The emergence of language was a defining factor in theevolution of modern humans.4.1) are bound to attract more consumers, particularly children and young people. Packaging has 2) In the eyes of some businessmen, consumers' health profits. They sell 3) right direction.5.1) get over 2) got to3) get through 4) get over5) get by 6) get away7) got in 8) get 。
《大学英语精读1》(上海外语教育出版社)
+at other times
\ 在别的时候；平时
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+round/around the corner
\ 在附近；即将来临
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+after all
\ 毕竟，终究
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+be sure of
\ 对……有把握，确信
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+pick up
\ 拿起，捡起
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+worthwhile
\ n.娱乐
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+entertain
&7entE5tein
\ vt.娱乐，招待
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+solve
&sClv
\ vt.解决(问题)
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+aware
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\ a.知道的；意识到的
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+furthermore
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\ ad.而且；此外
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+average
&5AvEridV
\ a.普通的；中等的
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+intelligence
&in5telidVEns
\ n.智力
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+necessarily
&5nesisErili; nesi5serili
\ ad.必定
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+case
&keis
\ n.实情
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+additional
\ vt. & n.损坏 n.损坏
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+gale
5月商务英语中级练习题及答案
5月商务英语中级练习题及答案2017年5月商务英语中级练习题及答案人天天都学到一点东西，而往往所学到的是发现昨日学到的是错的`。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年5月商务英语中级练习题及答案，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!Exercise 8I. Translation.1. Translate the following into Chinese.(1) Air Transport Document (2) Multi-modal Transport (3) discrepant document(4) 1day after sight (5) carrier (6) reciprocal credit(7) collection order (8) ordering bank (9) bad tender (10) factor2. Translate the following into English.(1)远期信用证 (2)经营租赁 (3)本票 (4)过期声明(5)贴现 (6)汇票期限 (7)公证人 (8)代理佣金(9)定金 (10)存货清单Keys:1. (1)空运单据 (2)多式联运 (3)不符单据 (4)见票后第二天(5)承运人 (6)对开信用证 (7)托收委托书 (8)指示行(9)无效投标书 (10)代理商2. (1) usance credit (2) operating lease (3) promissory(4) declaration of assignment (5) discount (6) tenor(7) surveyor (8) agency commission (9) margin (10) inventoryII. Choose the best answer.1. As we are _____ the market for tablecloth, we should be glad if you would send us your best quotation.a. inb. onc. enteringd. at2. We _____ ourselves of this opportunity to express ourthanks to you for your close cooperation.a. makeb. takec. profitd. avail3. We _____ a copy of our pricelist.a. putb. enclosec. envelopd. wrap4. We shall appreciate samples _____ your offer.a. concernedb. coveredc. includingd. covering5. _____ receipt of your instructions we will send the goods.a. Inb. Havingc. Upond. After6. We always adhere _____ our commitments.a. tob. forc. towardsd. in7. By joint efforts, we can _____ both friendship and business.a. promoteb. enhancec. improved. develop8. We are interested _____ a specimen of the new type.a. to receivingb. to receivec. in receivingd. in receipt9. Your letter has been passed on to us for _____.a. attendanceb. carec. attentiond. cooperation10. We regret _____ to offer you this article at present.a. to be ableb. being ablec. being unabled. unable11. We recommended _____ a small quantity for trial.a. to buyb. buyingc. you to buyd. you buying12. Please make us offers _____ our enquiry note.a. in compliance withb. as perc. according tod. with respect to13. Should your price be found competitive and delivery date _____, we intend to place a large order with you.a. acceptedb. acceptablec. acceptingd. accept14. You will receive _____ on the sale.a. two commissionsb. two terms of commissionsc. two items of commissionsd. two commission15. The buyer demands that the seller _____ the goods withina week.a. shipb. to shipc. should shipd. be shipping16. We trust this new product of ours will appeal _____ your market.a. forb. toc. byd. with17. The offer is _____ to confirmation.a. subjectedb. subjectc. subjectived. subjection18. It has _____ us that Type 32 might suit your purpose as well.a. happened tob. occurred toc. been happening tod. reminded19. We are making you our quotation for shoes _____.a. as followsb. as followingc. as followd. following20. Damage _____ the goods was caused by heavy rain transit.a. ofb. toc. ford. onKeys:1-5 adbdc 6-10 aabcc 11-15 cabcc 16-20 bbbabII. Fill in the contract in English with the particulars given below.合同号码：EM-002买方：中国电子产品进出口公司卖方：菲利普香港有限公司商品名称：电子配件规格：货号45182-155200数量：8箱单价：每件12.35美元CFR天津总金额：77,495.79美元包装：标准进出口木箱包装保险：装船后由买方办理支付条件：买方应在交货前45天内，开立以卖方为抬头的，与所装货物金额相同的不可撤销信用证。
assignment的用法
assignment的用法Assignment的用法Assignment是英语单词中常用的一个词汇，常常用于作业、任务及职业分配等方面。
在不同领域中也有着不同的用法。
本文将介绍几个常见的应用场景及相关使用方法。
1.学校作业在学校教育中，assignment通常用于表示作业或任务。
学生需要根据老师的指示完成任务。
通常来说，assignment主要有两种类型，一是书面作业，二是口头或行动任务。
无论哪种类型，作业的概念都是和指令和要求紧密相关联的。
在书面作业中，老师会按照课程的要求给出任务书，学生根据要求完成任务即可。
而在口头或行动任务中，老师可能会布置一些小组活动、讨论、采访等，学生可根据自己的特长和选择参与参与活动。
2.职业分配对于员工而言，assignment常常指职业分配，代表着所被赋予的任务和工作职责。
成功的assignment意味着能够善用能力和语言沟通，进而实现个人职业规划目标。
长期的assignment有望获得更好的职位，获得更大的权利和财富回报。
3.研究和调研针对学术和研究领域，assignment也是关键的概念之一。
研究员、学生必须遵循《研究规划》或《调查报告》中的要求，最后提交他们的工作。
assignment的目的旨在推进一项技术或科学发现的工作进程，并对过程进行监控。
为达成目标，要求研究人员在指定的时间内提交成果，严格遵守规定的格式和标准。
4.信息技术在信息技术领域，assignment可指系统中的命令或程序。
assignment指令通常在编写脚本或批处理文件中使用，是定制脚本或程序的基本元素。
编写此类脚本时，必须注意通过正确的捕获和正确的数据类型来确保程序的正确性和完整性。
5.交通运输assignment在交通运输领域中也有广泛的应用。
航空公司可能会赋予员工任务在某一个目的地或航段上工作，这就是所谓的assignment。
这些身份具有明确的工作职责，包括飞行、地勤、安全等。
总结以上讲述了assignment在不同领域中的应用及用法，assignment可以指任务、职业分配、研究、信息技术和交通运输等方面，每个领域中所涉及的内容都不尽相同，但assignment本质上是针对任务的交办，目的是使其能在约定时间内按要求顺利完成。
solutions for assignment5
Chapter 5+6+8 AssignmentsP5.Consider the 5-bit generator, G= 10011, and suppose that D has the value 1010101010. What is the value of CRC?Solution:If we divide 10011 into 1010101010 0000, we get 1011011100, with a remainder of R=0100.P21. Suppose nodes A and B are on the same 10Mbps Ethernet bus, and the propagation delaybetween the two nodes is 245 bit times. Suppose A and B send frames at the same time, the frames collide, and then A and B choose different values of K in the CSMA/CD algorithm. Assuming no other nodes are active, can the retransmissions from A and B collide? For our purposes, it suffices to work out the following example. Suppose A and B begin transmission at t =0 bit times. They both detect collisions at t =245 bit times. They finish transmitting a jam signal at t = 245 + 48 = 293 bit times. Suppose K A =0 and K B = 1. At what time does B schedule its retransmission? At what time does A begin transmission? (Note: The nodes must wait for an idle channel after returning to Step 2 -- see protocol.) At what time does A's signal reach B? Does B refrain from transmitting at its scheduled time?Solution:Because A's retransmission reaches B before B's scheduled retransmission time (805+96), B refrains from transmitting while A retransmits. Thus A and B donot collide. Thus the factor 512 appearing in the exponential backoff algorithm is sufficiently large.P23. Suppose four nodes, A, B, C, and D, are all connected to a hub via 10Mbps Ethernet cables.The distances between the hub and these four nodes are 300m, 400m, 500m, and 700m, respectively. Recall that the CSMNCD protocol is used for this Ethernet. Assume that the signal propagation speed is 2*108m/sec.a. What is the minimum required frame length?b. If all frames are 1500 bits long, find the efficiency of this Ethernet.Solution:a). minimum required frame length is given by2*d prop* BW=2*(500+700)/( 2 108) * 10 * 106=120 bits.There is no maximum required packet length.b). Efficiency is given by1/(1+5* d prop/ d trans) =1/(1+5*120/2/1500 )=0.83P37. In this problem, you will put together much of what you have learned about Internetprotocols. Suppose you walk into a room, connect to Ethernet, and want to download a web page. What are all the protocol steps that take place starting from powering on your PC to getting the web page? Assume there is nothing in our DNS or browser caches when you power on your Pc. (Hint: the steps include the use of Ethernet, OHCP, ARP, ONS, TCP, and HTTP protocols.) Explicitly indicate in your steps how you obtain the IP and MAC addresses of a gateway router.Solution:(The following description is short, but contains all major key steps and key protocols involved.)Your computer first uses DHCP to obtain an IP address. You computer first creates a special IP datagram destined to 255.255.255.255 in the DHCP server discovery step, and puts it in a Ethernet frame and broadcast it in the Ethernet. Then following the steps in the DHCP protocol, you computer is able to get an IP address with a given lease time.A DHCP server on the Ethernet also gives your computer a list of IP addresses of first-hop routers, the subnet mask of the subnet where your computer resides, and the addresses of local DNS servers (if they exist).Since your computer’s ARP cache is initially empty, your computer will use ARP protocol to get the MAC addresses of the first-hop router and the local DNS server.Your computer first will get the IP address of the Web page you would like to download. If the local DNS server does not have the IP address, then your computer will use DNS protocol to find the IP address of the Web page.Once your computer has the IP address of the Web page, then it will send out the HTTP request via the first-hop router if the Web page does not reside in a local Web server. The HTTP request message will be segmented and encapsulated into TCP packets, and then further encapsulated into IP packets, and finally encapsulated into Ethernet frames. Your computer sends the Ethernet frames destined to the first-hop router. Once the router receives the frames, it passes them up into IP layer, checks its routing table, and then sends the packets to the right interface out of all of its interfaces.Then your IP packets will be routed through the Internet until they reach the Web server.The server hosting the Web page will send back the Web page to your computer via HTTP response messages. Those messages will be encapsulated into TCP packets and then further into IP packets. Those IP packets follow IP routes and finally reach your first-hop router, and then the router will forward those IP packets to your computer by encapsulating them into Ethernet frames.Additional 1: Please answer the following question after reading Chapter 6 and referring tothe ftp:///chapt6.pdf . What are MAC methods for WiFi, Bluetooth, WiMax and Cellular network respectively? What are RDT approaches for WiFi, Bluetooth, WiMax and Cellular network respectively? error detection + retransmisstion or error correction?Solution:The following table summarizes the wireless MAC and RDT technologies. Each needs to be explained in detail.Additional 2:Why WiFi can’t CSMA/CD?Solution:Because Collisions Detection is difficult for WiFi:∙hidden terminal problem !∙difficult to sense because of fading∙Most radios are half duplexAdditional 3: Please explain how public key cryptography RSA is used in email security protocol: PGP (Pretty Good Privacy). Please refer to Chapter 8Solution:Step 1: Calculate hash (MD5) of message H(m). => you’ve got the digest of the messageStep 2: Encrypt H(m) with Alice’s private key => you’ve got Alice’s signature.Step 3: Append signature to text, then encrypt it with shared key Ks.Step 4: Encrypt shared key Ks with Bob’s public key, then append to the cipher text of step 2 => Bob can get the Ks.Step 5: The result message of step 4 is converted to base64 and be put into an RFC 822 body and be expected to arrive unmodified.D2 (don’t submit) Many of the functions of an adapter can be performed in software that runs onthe node's CPU. What are the advantages and disadvantages of moving this functionality from the adapter to the node?。
Assignment_5
Because the proportion ofAmericansand immigrants goes up now, so the discrimination density decreases.
3.2pt Do the correct test to compare two proportions (see chapter 6). Give the code and the p-value. What is your conclusion?
16.2ptThe person who does the analysis makes a mistake and uses the wilcoxon rank sum test. Do the test yourself, and think if hisconclusionis the same as yours would be. Paste the code below, and give the p-value and conclusion.
The company starts a program topromotediversity. They make two programs, one is a video, and one is posters. They ask employees which one they like more, to see which one they should use. They find that 35 people say they like the videos, and only 15 people say the like the posters. But, the posters are cheaper.The company wants to see if there really are more people that like the videos than the posters; if this is not true, they can just use the videos.
Assignment5题库chap5
Assignment5 题库True/FalseIndicate whether the statement is true or false.__T__ 1. An emerging characteristic of purchasing, logistics, and support activities is that they nee d to be flexible.__F__ 2. Direct materials that companies buy on a recurring basis are MRO supplies.__T__ 3. FedEx and UPS have freight-tracking Web pages available to their customers.__T__ 4. Online Benefits is a firm that duplicates its clients' human resource functions on a passw ord-protected Web site that is accessible to clients' employees.__T__ 5. In 1999, Ericsson launched a Web site to facilitate knowledge management.__F__ 6. Most B2C electronic commerce is an adaptation of EDI.__T__ 7. The ASC X12 organization and the UN/EDIFACT group agreed in late 2000 to develop one common set of international standards.__F__ 8. One of the major advantages of V ANs is cost.__T__ 9. GPAS and IBM Global Services are companies that provide V AN services.__F__ 10. The up-front cost of implementing indirect connection EDI, including software, V AN e nrollment fee, and hardware, typically exceeds $500,000.__F__ 11. Ventro opened its first industry marketplace, Chemdex, in early 1987.__T__ 12. A purchasing or logistics strategy that works this year may not work next year.__T__ 13. Businesses make a distinction between direct and indirect materials.__T__ 14. Governments perform many functions for their stakeholders.__F__ 15. Because of advances in computer technology, most businesses do not need to buy office supplies or the services of freight and transportation companies.__T__ 16. By coordinating the efforts of supply chain participants, firms that engage in supply cha in management are reaching beyond the limits of their own organization's hierarchical structure an d creating a new network form of organization among the members of the supply chain.__F__ 17. By engaging competitors in cooperative, long-term relationships, companies have foun d that they can work together with these competitors to identify new ways to provide their own cu stomers with faster, cheaper, and better services.__F__ 18. In many companies, procurement staff need not have high levels of product knowledge to identify and evaluate appropriate suppliers.__T__ 19. A passive RFID tag does not need a power source.__T__ 20. Many industry value chains no longer consist of a single sequence of companies linked in a single line but include many parallel lines that are interconnected in a web or network configu ration.__F__ 21. Large companies usually assign responsibility for purchasing direct and indirect materi als to the same department.__T__ 22. EDI was the first form of electronic commerce to be widely used in business.__F__ 23. EDI increases the paper flow and streamlines the interchange of information among dep artments within a company.__F__ 24. Most V ANs do not require an enrollment fee.__T__ 25. Using V ANs can become cumbersome and expensive for companies that want to do bus iness with a number of trading partners, each using different V ANs.__T__ 26. EDI and XML are both used in many businesses to handle the electronic exchange of tr ansaction information.__F__ 27. Many companies are willing to use the Internet to transmit FEDI transaction sets.__T__ 28. The ultimate goal of supply chain management is to achieve a higher-quality or lower c ost product at the end of the chain.__F__ 29. FEDI transaction sets are not negotiable instruments.__F__ 30. When EFTs involve two banks, they are executed using a VAN.Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.__a__ 31. The term ____ generally includes all purchasing activities, plus the monitoring of all ele ments of purchase transactions.a. procurement c. distributionb. logistics d. sales__b__ 32. W.W. Grainger is a(n) ____.a. Music store c. computer supplierb. MRO supplier d. book wholesaler__b__ 33. ____ activities include managing the inbound movements of materials and supplies and the outbound movements of finished goods and services.a. Procurement c. Transactionb. Logistics d. Production__b__ 34. The classic objective of ____ has always been to provide the right goods in the right qu antities in the right place at the right time.a. procurement c. transaction processingb. logistics d. production__c__ 35. One common support activity that underlies multiple primary activities is ____.a. record-keeping c. trainingb. auditing d. regulation__b__ 36. ____ is the intentional collection, classification, and dissemination of information about a company, its products, and its processes.a. Database management c. Data warehousingb. Knowledge management d. Data mining__c__ 37. One trend in purchasing, logistics, and support activities is the shift away from hierarchi cal structures toward ____ structures.a. vertical c. networkb. horizontal d. matrix__a__ 38. The ____ is enabling the shift from hierarchical forms of economic organization to netw ork forms.a. Web c. LANb. computer d. client/server__d__ 39. The roots of Web technology for B2B transactions lie in a very hierarchically structured approach to interfirm information transfer called ____.a. client/server c. Object technologyb. TCP/IP d. electronic data interchange__c__ 40. EDI is the acronym for ____.a. Education Interchange c. Electronic Data Interchangeb. Elementary Decision Implementation d. Electronic Distance Interface__c__ 41. ____ is a computer-to-computer transfer of business information between two businesse s that uses a standard format of some kind.a. TCP/IP c. EDIb. LAN d. SST__c__ 42. With respect to EDIs, the two businesses that exchange information are called ____.a. traders c. trading partnersb. hand-shakers d. collaborators__b__ 43. Firms that exchange data in specific standard formats are said to be ____.a. standard codes c. commonb. EDI compatible d. protocol__c__ 44. The ____ has been the coordinating body for standards in the U.S. since 1918.a. ACM c. ANSIb. IEEE d. DPMA__a__ 45. In 1979, ANSI chartered a new committee to develop uniform EDI standards. This com mittee is called the ____.a. ASC X12 c. IEEE 2321b. ACM X15 d. ASE A23__a__ 46. In 1987, the United Nations published its first EDI standards under the title ____.a. EDIFACT c. EDI-UNb. UN-ANSI d. ANSI X12__b__ 47. ____ requires each business in the network to operate its own on-site EDI translator co mputer.a. Indirect connection EDI c. Repeated EDIb. Direct connection EDI d. Wired EDI__a__ 48. A(n) ____ is a company that provides communications equipment, software, and skills needed to receive, store, and forward electronic messages that contain EDI transaction sets.a. V AN c. APIb. EDI provider d. LAN__c__ 49. To use the services of a V AN, a company must install ____ software that is compatible with the VAN.a. network compiler c. EDI translatorb. LAN interpreter d. V AN router__a__ 50. ____ allows trading partners to pass messages through the V AN instead of connecting t heir computers directly to each other.a. Indirect connection EDI c. Loop EDIb. Direct connection EDI d. V AN EDI__c__ 51. Because EDI transactions are business contracts and often involve large amounts of mo ney, the issue of ____ is significant.a. secrecy c. nonrepudiationb. integrity d. privacy__a__ 52. EDI on the Internet is also called ____.a. open EDI c. online EDIb. closed EDI d. digital EDI__c__ 53. New tools, such as ____, are helping trading partners be even more flexible in exchangi ng detailed information.a. HTML c. XMLb. T-HTML d. SGML__b__ 54. The EDI transaction sets that provide instructions to a trading partner's bank are called ____.a. BEDI c. XEDIb. FEDI d. ACH__a__ 55. ____ banks offer V AN services for nonfinancial transactions.a. Value-added c. Virtualb. Financial d. Online__a__ 56. When companies integrate their supply management and logistics activities across multi ple participants in a particular product’s supply chain, the job of managing that integration is calle d ____.a. supply chain management c. enterprise resource planningb. procurement management d. total quality management__c__ 57. Supply chain management was originally developed as a way to ____.a. attract customers c. reduce costsb. negotiate with suppliers d. improve manufacturing quality__c__ 58. The long-term relationships that are created among participants in the supply chain are c alled ____.a. quality partners c. supply alliancesb. JIT alliances d. joint suppliers__a__ 59. Businesses that engage in supply chain management work to establish long-term relatio nships with a small number of very capable suppliers called ____.a. tier-one suppliers c. secondary suppliersb. primary suppliers d. supply alliances__d__ 60. The major issue that most companies must deal with in forming supply chain alliances i s developing ____.a. standard procedures c. network relationshipsb. open communication channels d. trust__c__ 61. A(n) ____ has a password-protected entrance and offers negotiated price reductions on a limited selection of products.a. customer portals marketplace c. private storeb. private marketplace d. independent exchange__d__ 62. A(n) ____ is a marketplace that provides auctions, request for quote postings, and other features to companies that want to operate their own marketplace.a. private store c. private exchangeb. customer portals marketplace d. private company marketplace__c__ 63. A(n) ____ is a marketplace formed by several large buyers in a particular industry.a. private company marketplaceb. private storec. industry consortia-sponsored marketplaced. customer portals marketplace__b__ 64. The part of procurement activity devoted to identifying suppliers and determining the q ualifications of those suppliers is called ____.a. purchasing c. vendor selectionb. sourcing d. supplier selection__c__ 65. ____ materials are those materials that become part of the finished product in a manufac turing process.a. Product c. Directb. Operating d. Indirect__a__ 66. The ____ is the agency responsible for receiving the government's tax, license, and othe r fee revenue.a. FMS c. KMWorldb. e-government d. TaxWorld__a__ 67. In 1968, a number of freight and shipping companies joined together to form the ____, which was charged with exploring ways to reduce the paperwork burden that shippers and carriers faced.a. TDCC c. ANSIb. EDI d. ASC X12__b__ 68. Trading partners that use different ____ protocols can make either of the direct connecti on methods difficult to implement.a. network c. TCPb. communications d. IP__c__ 69. The part of an industry value chain that precedes a particular strategic business unit is of ten called a(n) ____.a. customer portal c. supply chainb. FEDI d. private store__b__ 70. One term used to describe procurement activities is ____.a. customer portal c. replenishment purchasingb. supply management d. independent exchangeCompletionComplete each statement.71. MRO is the acronym for maintenance, repair, and __________operating__________.72. Finance and __________administration__________ includes activities such as making payme nts, processing payments received from customers, planning capital expenditures, and budgeting a nd planning to ensure that sufficient funds will be available to meet the organization's obligations as they come due.73. __________Human resource__________ activities include hiring, training, and evaluating em ployees, administrating benefits, and complying with government record-keeping regulations.74. A(n) _____________automated clearing house / ACH____________ is a service that banks use to manage their accounts with each other.75. __________EDI-capable / EDI capable__________ banks are those banks that are equipped to exchange payment and remittance data through V ANs.76. __________________Radio frequency identification devices / RFIDs__________________ are small chips that use radio transmissions to track inventory.77. __________Transaction sets__________ are the names of the formats for specific business data interchanges.78. Instead of connecting directly to each of its trading partners, a company might decide to use the services of a(n) ____________value added network / value-added network / V AN / value-added network (V AN)_____________.79. __________Nonrepudiation__________ is the ability to establish that a particular transaction actually occurred.80. A(n) ____________Electronic funds transfer / EFT_____________ is the movement of money from one bank account to another.81. Nonbank V ANs that can translate financial transaction sets into ACH formats and transmit the m to banks that are not EDI capable are sometimes called _________financial V ANs (FV ANs)___ ________.82. Vertical trade portals consisting of Industry marketplaces, independent exchanges, and public marketplaces are known collectively as __________independent__________ industry marketplace s.83. One way that Procurement Departments control MRO spending is by issuing __________p-cards / purchasing cards__________.84. The use of Internet technologies in procurement activities is called __________e-procurement __________.85. The total dollar amount of the goods and services that a company buys during a year is called i ts __________spend__________.86. In __________contract / replenishment__________ purchasing, the company negotiates long-term contracts for most of the materials it will need.87. __________Independent__________ exchanges are not controlled by a company that is an est ablished buyer or seller in the industry.88. __________Public__________ marketplaces are open to new buyers and sellers entering the i ndustry.89. Companies in industries that have long supply chains have, in the past, often found it difficult t o maintain customer focus, which is often called a(n) ____________ultimate consumer orientation ____________.90. __________Nonrepudiation__________ prevents both parties from denying a transaction’s val idity or existence.91. Cisco and Dell offer __________private stores__________ for each of their major customers within their selling Web sites.92. __________Indirect__________ materials include factory supplies, such as sandpaper, hand to ols, and replacement parts.93. __________Covisint__________ is a marketplace that was created in 2000 by a consortium of DaimlerChrysler, Ford, and General Motors.94. _______________RFID / Radio frequency identification______________ tags are small enough to be installed on the face of credit cards or sewn into clothing items.95. One of the main goals of _____________supply chain management____________ is to help e ach company in the chain focus on meeting the needs of the consumer at the end of the supply cha in.Essay96. What are purchasing activities and how are they different from procurement?Purchasing activities include identifying vendors, evaluating vendors, selecting specific prod ucts, placing orders, and resolving any issues that arise after receiving the ordered goods or servic es.Procurement generally includes all purchasing activities, plus the monitoring of all elements of purchase transactions. It also includes the job of managing and developing relationships with key suppliers.97. What is the difference between an indirect connection and a direct connection?Direct connection requires each business in the network to operate its own on-site EDI transla tor computer. These EDI translator computers are then connected directly to each other using mod ems and dial-up telephone lines or dedicated leased lines.With an indirect connection, the trading partners pass messages through the V AN instead of c onnecting their computer directly to each other.98. What are the advantages of using Internet technologies in supply chain management? Suppliers can:Share information about customer demand fluctuations.Receive rapid notification of product design changes and adjustments.Provide specifications and drawings more efficiently.Increase the speed of processing transactions.Reduce the cost of handling transactions.Reduce errors in entering transaction data.Share information about defect rates and types.99. What is the difference between direct and indirect materials?Direct materials are those materials that become part of the finished product in a manufacturi ng process. Indirect materials are all other materials that the company purchases, including factory supplies such as sandpaper, hand tools, and replacement parts for manufacturing machinery.100. What are the advantages of using a value-added network?Advantages of using V ANs are as follows:Users need to support only the V AN’s communications protocol instead of many possible pro tocols used by trading partners.The V AN records message activity in an audit log. This V AN audit log becomes an independe nt record of transactions, and this record can be helpful in resolving disputes between trading partners.The V AN can provide translation between different transaction sets used by trading partners.The V AN can perform automatic compliance checking to ensure that the transaction set is in t he specified EDI format.。
北邮运筹学ch5-5 指派问题
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§5.5 指派问题 Assignment Problem
Ch5 Integer Programming
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【例】某人事部门拟招聘4人任职4项工作，对他们综合考评的 得分如下表（满分100分），如何安排工作使总分最多。
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不平衡的指派问题
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The End of Chapter 5
运筹学 北京邮电大下学 一章：图与网络 Exit
Ch5 Integer Programming
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求最大值的指派问题 匈牙利法的条件是：模型求最小值、效率cij≥0
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§5.5 指派问题 Assignment Problem
Ch5 Integer Programming
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全新版大学英语综合教程5(第二版)unit1-7课后答案
UNIT2I. Cloze1. Text-related(1) exclude (2) stubborn(3) devoid of (4) bow to(5) potent (6) drawbacks(7) contaminating (8) heightened(9) infected (10) come second to2. Theme-related(1) consumption (2) between(3) packed (4) evident(5) population (6) encouraging(7) grave (8) against(9) criticize (10) itselfII. TranslationStudy after study has uncovered the fact that there is a close correlation between food and a number of chronic diseases. For example, a decreased risk of certain chronic diseases is associated with an increased consumption of plant-based foods. Therefore, in the past decade, the American Dietetic Association has urged Americans to reduce their intake of animal fats, and to boost consumption of fruits, vegetables, and grains. Meanwhile, the United States Department of Agriculture has released a document containing the food guide pyramid, which encourages a minimum of three vegetable and two fruit servings per day. H owever, many Americans still don’t meet / listen to these recommendations.UNIT3I. Cloze1. Text-related(2) honesty (1) go along(3) straightforward (4) indulge in (5) What about (6) dodge(7) assert(8) absurd(10) juggle (9) resort2. Theme-related(2) go along (1) asserting(3) because (4) part(5) Mistakes(6) exceptions(7) end (8) resort(9) dying (10) freedomII. TranslationThe new president of our university disapproves of the idea that we should be allowed to tell lies under certain circumstances. He believes that if people get used to telling any kind of lie, they will indulge themselves and eventually be stuck with the bad habit. To tell or not to tell a lie can sometimes become a very sticky issue, but our president insists on the notion that nobody in the world of education should dodge the responsibility of attaching primary importance to honesty while teaching the young. I agree with him. What about you?UNIT4I. Cloze1. Text-related(1) Enrolling (2) specimen(3) leave him to his own devices (4) investigation(5) By and by (6) content with(7) entrusted (8) reluctance(9) infectious (10) observation(11) mode (12) grounded in2. Theme-related(1) known (2) only(3) doing (4) assistance(5) assignment (6) simply(7) But (8) turned(9) singled (10) becauseII. TranslationWhen I enrolled in Math 202, I anticipated difficulties because I was not well grounded in mathematics in high school. The course was taught by Professor Richardson, a fine specimen of an old-fashioned gentleman, very cordial to his students. However, when it came to academic matters, he was by no means an easy person. Before he started his lecture, he discoursed enthusiastically on the importance of working in an orderly fashion, of being thoroughly prepared before each class, and of not being content with what you have learned. His attitude towards work was infectious, and by and by I became an ardent math lover, too.UNIT5I. Cloze1)beef up 2) coastal3) in favour of 4) residents5) theoretical 6) disastrous7)battered 8) shrinking9) migrate 10) washed away11) Scary 12) humanity2.1) predicting 2) accuracy3) basis 4) collide5) atmosphere 6) melts7) affected 8) actions9) striving 10) technologiesII. TranslationMost scientists no longer doubt that the world is warming up and that humanity has altered climate. They agree that the long-term effects of global warming will be disastrous for the planet and its inhabitants. What is more, climate change won’t be a smooth transition to a warmer world. Some regions will be greatly affected by abrupt climate changes. Enormous areas of densely populated land like coastal Florida would become uninhabitable. Hundreds of millions of residents would have to migrate to safer regions. Therefore, it is no surprise that global warming has made its way onto the agenda of world leaders.。
Assignment 5
Hidden Markov Model in Music Information RetrievalMUMT 611, March 2005Assignment 5Paul KolesnikIntroduction to HMMHidden Markov Model (HMM) is a structure that is used to statistically characterize the behavior of sequences of event observations. By definition, HMM is “a double stochastic process with an underlying stochastic process which is not observable, but can only be observed through another set of stochastic process that produces the sequence of observed symbols” (Rabiner and Huang 1986).The main idea behind HMM is that any observable sequence of events can be represented as a succession of states, with each state representing a grouped portion of the observation values and containing its features in a statistical form. The HMM keeps track of what state the sequence will start in, what state-to-state transitions are likely to take place, and what values are likely to occur in each state. The corresponding model parameters are an array of initial state probabilities, a matrix of state-to-state transitional probabilities, and a matrix of state output probabilities. The two basic HMM model types are an ergodic model, where any-to-any state transitions are allowed, and a left-to-right model, where state transitions can only take place to the state itself or to the subsequent state.HMM delas with three basic problems—recognition, uncovering of states and training. The recognition problem can be formulated as: “given an observation sequence and a Hidden Markov Model, calculate the probability that the model would produce this observation sequence”. The uncovering of states problem is: “given an observation sequence and a Hidden Markov Model, calculate the optimal sequence of states that would maximize the likelihood of the HMM producing the observation”. The training problem states: “given an observation sequence (or a set of observation sequences and a Hidden Markov Model, adjust the model parameters, so that probability of the model is maximized”. Through the algorithms used to solve those problems (Forward-Backward, Viterbi and Baum-Welch algorithms), an HMM can be trained with a number of observations, and then be used either for calculation of probability of an input sequence, or for identification of states in the input sequence interpreted by the HMM.Overview of WorksThis section provides an overview of the works presented at the International Symposium on Musical Information and Retrieval (ISMIR) that dealt with HMM-based systems.A publication by Batlle and Cano (2000) describes a system that uses HMMs to classify audio segments. Using the system, audio files are automatically segmentated into abstract acoustic events, with similar events given the same label to be used for training of the HMMs. THe system is applied to classification of a database of audio sounds, and allowsfast indexing and retrieval of audio fragments from the database. During the initial stage of the process, mel-cepstrum analysis is used to obtain feature vectors from the audio information, which are then supplied to an HMM-based classification engine. Since traditional HMMs are not suited for blind learning (which is the goal of this system, as there is no prior knowledge of the feature vector data), competitive HMMs (CoHMMs) are used instead. CoHMMs differ from HMMs only in training stage, whereas the recognition procedure is exactly the same for both,A work by Durey and Clements (2001) deals with a melody-based database song retrieval system. The system uses melody-spotting procedure adopted from word spotting techniques in automatic speech recognition. Humming, whistling or keyboard are allowed as input. According to the publication, the main goal of the work was to develop a practical system for non-symbolic (audio) music representation. The word/melody-spotting techniques involve searching for a data segment in a data stream using HMM models. Left-to-right, 5-state HMMs are used to represent each available note and a rest. As part of the preprocessing process, frequency and time-domain features are used for extraction of feature vectors. The system records the extracted feature vectors for all of the musical pieces and stores them in a database. Once an input query is received, it constructs an HMM model from it, and runs all of the feature vectors from the songs in the database through the model using the Viterbi state uncovering process. As a result, a ranked list of melody occurrences in database songs is created, which allows identifying the occurrence of the melodies within the songs.A publication by Jin and Jagadish (2002) describes a new technique suggested for HMM-based music retrieval systems. The paper describes traditional MIR HMM techniques as effective but not efficient, and suggests a more efficient mechanism to index the HMMs in the database. In it, each state is represented by an interval / inter onset interval ratio, and each transition is transformed into a 4-dimensional box. All boxes are inserted into an R-tree, an indexing structure for multidimensional data, and HMMs are ranked by the number of boxes present in the search tree. The most likely candidates from the R-tree are selected for evaluation of the HMMs, which uses the traditional forward algorithm.A publication by Orio and Sette (2003) describes an HMM-based approach to transcription of musical queries. HMMs are used to model features related to singing voice. A sung query is considered as an observation of an unknown process—the melody the user has in mind. A two-level HMM is suggested for pitch tracking: an event-level (using pitches as labels), and audio-level (attack-sustain-rest events).A paper by Sheh and Ellis (2003) deals with the system that uses HMMs for chord recognition. An EM (Expectation-Maximization) algorithm is used to train the HMMs, and PCP (Pitch Class Profile) vectors are used as features for the training process. Each chord type is represented by an independent HMM model. According to the publication, the system is able to successfully recognize chords in unstructured, polyphonic, multi-timbre audio.Shifrin and Burmingham (2003) present a system that investigates performance of an HMM-based query-by-humming system on a large musical database. A VocalSearch system, that has been desgined as part of MusArt project, is used on a database of 50000 themes that have been extracted from 22000 songs. The system uses a <delta-pitch / Inter-onset Interval ratio> pair as parameters for the feature vectors supplied to the HMMs. The work compares perfect queries with imperfect queries that have simulated insertions and deletions added to the sequences. Some of the trends discovered as a result of the work are: longer queries have a positive effect on evaluation performance, but all experiments show an early saturation point where performance does not improve with query length. The system performed well with imperfect queries on a large database.BibliographyBatlle, E., and P. Cano. 2000. Automatic segmentation for music classification using Competitive Hidden Markov Models. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval.Durey, A., and M. Clements. 2001. Melody spotting using Hidden Markov Models. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval, 109–17.Jin, H., and H. Jagadish. 2002. Indexing Hidden Markov Models for music retrieval. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval, 20–4.Orio, N., and M. Sette. 2003. A HMM-based pitch tracker for audio queries. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval, 249–50.Rabiner, L., and B. Huang. 1986. An introduction to Hidden Markov Models. IEEE Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Magazine 3(1), 4–16.Sheh, A., and D. Ellis. 2003. Chord segmentation and recognition using EM-trained Hidden Markov Models. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval, 183–9.Shifrin, J., and W. Burmingham. 2003. Effectiveness of HMM-based retrieval on large databases. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval, 33–9.。
workbench中文
一、Definition1.Stiffness behavior (刚度特性）Flexible (灵活的）rigid（刚性）Gasket (垫片）2.suppressed（抑制）3.Coordinate system（坐标系统）Default Coordinate system （缺省坐标系统）4.Reference Temperature（参考温度）二、Material1.Assignment（分配）2.Nonlinear Effects（非线性效应）3.Thermal Strain Effects （热应变影响）三、Properties（性质）1.centroid（质心）2.Moment of Inertia IP1 (转动惯量）四、Statistic（统计）1.Mesh Metric（网络指标）一、Definition1.Element Control（元素掌控）Program Controlled（受控程序）Manual（人工，手动）2.Display Style （显示样式）Body ColorPart ColorMaterialNonlinear Material Effects Stiffness Behavior二、Properties （性质）1.scale Factor value（比例因子的值）三、Basic Geometry Options （基本几何选项）1.Parameters （参量）2.Parameter key（主要参数）3..Attributes（特性）d Selections （按名称选择）5.Material Properties（材料属性）四、Advanced Geometry Options （高级几何选项）e Associativity（使用结合性）2.Reader Mode Saves Updates File（读者模式保存更新文件）e Instances（使用实体实例）4.Smart CAD Update（智能CAD更新）5.Attach File Via Temp File（附加文件通过临时文件）6.Temporary Directory（暂时目录）7.Analysis Type（分析类型）8.Decompose Disjoint Faces9.Enclosure and Symmetry Processing （外壳和对称处理）一、Definition1.TypeCartesian（笛卡尔）Cylindrical （圆柱形）2.Coordinate System（坐标系）Program Controlled（受控程序）Manual（手动，人工）Coordinate System ID（坐标系统ID）一、Scopｅ1.Scoping MethodGeometry Selection（几何选择）Named Selection（名称选择）二、Definition1.Type2.Scope Mode3.Behavior4.Suppressed三、Advanced1.Formulation（调配）Program ControlledAugmented Lagrange（广义拉格朗日法）Pure Penalty（罚函数法）MPC（微程式控制）Normal Lagrange（拉格朗日法）2.Detection MethodProgram ControlledOn Gauss Point（在高斯点）Nodal-Normal From Contact （从接触）Nodal-Normal to Target（目标节点正常）Nodal-Projected Normal From Contact （从接触结点预计正常）3.Normal Stiffness（法向刚度）4.Update Stiffness（更新刚度）Never Each Iteration（每次迭代）Each Iteration,Aggressive5.Pinball Region（弹球区域）Auto Detection ValueRadius（半径）。
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Assignment 5 (Optional)
Interesting cases concerning delta delay and process
注：这是一位同学曾经给我提的问题，我觉得很有趣，现转发给大家，供分析。
-- 段成华
首先给出程序，然后是仿真结果和问题。
1. 程序1的仿真
问题:为何在第一次“d := a;”赋值时，仿真中d的值未变，而x却变化了（x <= b or d;）?
2. 程序2的仿真
问题：Process中的语句应该是顺序执行的，程序中语句顺序如下：
d <= a;
x <= b or d;
d <= c;
y <= b or d;
那么在300ns以后，c变化为’1’时，为何x还能变为’1’?
不知是否可以这样理解：因为必须在敏感表中的某一个信号重新发生变化，即进程重新起动以后，上一次的信号赋值语句才会执行，所以直到400ns时，即c重新发生变化时，才会执行上一次的进程的赋值，所以就有了400ns后的仿真。
可是如果这样，为什么c变化为’1’时，d只经过1ns就可以变化了，而x和y却需要到下一个进程？
此时虽然a变化为’1’时，d由于delta的延迟而不能改变是可以理解的。
3. 如果把d信号也加入进程的信号敏感表中，那么得到下面的仿真结果
问题：为什么会出现3个delta延迟，而前面出现的却是1个或2个？
难道是因为进程可以不断的重复调用？就是说当一个进程还没有执行完的时候，由于敏感表中的信号发生变化，而使得进程又工作？这个在实际的器件上能实现么？。