2018年可锐考研英语阅读真题范文

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2018年可锐考研英语经典阅读试题

2018年可锐考研英语经典阅读试题（一）[经济学类]Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities —as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980’s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade.Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as “fronts”with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often run the danger of becoming- and remaining-dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.1. The primary purpose of the text is to[A] present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies.[B] describe a situation and its potential drawbacks.[C] propose a temporary solution to a problem.[D] analyze a frequent source of disagreement.2. The text suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might causes it to[A] experience frustration but not serious financial harm.[B] face potentially crippling fixed expenses.[C] have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government.[D] increase its spending with minority subcontractors.3. It can be inferred from the text that, compared with the requirements of law, the percentage goals set by “some federal and local agencies”are[A] more popular with large corporations.[B] more concrete.[C] less controversial.[D] less expensive to enforce.4. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author’s assertion that, in the 1970’s, corporate response to federal requirements was substantial?[A] Corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses totaled $2 billion in 1979.[B] Between 1970 and 1972, corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses declined by 25 percent.[C] The figures collected in 1977 underrepresented the extent of corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses.[D] The $1.1 billion represented the same percentage of total corporate spending in 1977 asdid $77 million in 1972.5. The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors?[A] Annoyed by the proliferation of “front”organizations, corporations are likely to reduce their efforts to work with minority-owned subcontractors in the near future.[B] Although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businesses in the 1970’s, their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts.[C] The significant response of corporations in the 1970’s is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980’s.[D] Although corporations are eager to cooperate with minority-owned businesses, a shortage of capital in the 1970’s made substantial response impossible.二．The fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued paleontologists for more than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted hang-glider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly what these creatures were —reptiles or birds —are among the questions scientists have puzzled over.Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls, pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a winglike membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharpclaws. In birds the second finger is the principal strut of the wing, which consists primarily of feathers. If the pterosaurs walked on all fours, the three short fingers may have been employed for grasping. When a pterosaur walked or remained stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn upward in an extended inverted V shape along each side of the animal’s body.The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a savings in weight. In the birds, however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts.Although scales typically cover reptiles, the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. T. H. Huxley reasoned that flying vertebrates must have been warm-blooded because flying implies a high rate of metabolism, which in turn implies a high internal temperature. Huxley speculated that a coatof hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the body to reduce drag in flight. The recent discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long, dense, and relatively thick hairlike fossil material was the first clear evidence that his reasoning was correct.Efforts to explain how the pterosaurs became airborne have led to suggestions that they launched themselves by jumping from cliffs, by dropping from trees, or even by rising into light winds from the crests of waves. Each hypothesis has its difficulties. The first wrongly assumes that the pterosaurs’hind feet resembled a bat’s and could serve as hooks by which the animal could hang in preparation for flight. The second hypothesis seems unlikely because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without damaging their wings. The third calls for high waves to channel updrafts. The wind that made such waves however, might have been too strong for the pterosaurs to control their flight once airborne.1. It can be inferred from the text that scientist now generally agree that the[A] enormous wingspan of the pterosaurs enabled them to fly great distances.[B] structure of the skeleton of the pterosaurs suggests a close evolutionary relationship to bats.[C] fossil remains of the pterosaurs reveal how they solved the problem of powered flight.[D] pterosaurs were reptiles.2. The author views the idea that the pterosaurs became airborne by rising into light winds created by waves as[A] revolutionary.[B] unlikely.[C] unassailable.[D] probable.3. According to the text, the skeleton of a pterosaur can be distinguished from that of a bird by the[A] size of its wingspan.[B] presence of hollow spaces in its bones.[C] anatomic origin of its wing strut.[D] presence of hooklike projections on its hind feet.4. The ideas attributed to T. H. Huxley in the text suggest that he would most likely agree with which of the following statements?[A] An animal’s brain size has little bearing on its ability to master complex behaviors.[B] An animal’s appearance is often influenced by environmental requirements and physical capabilities.[C] Animals within a given family group are unlikely to change their appearance dramatically over a period of time.[D] The origin of flight in vertebrates was an accidental development rather than the outcome of specialization or adaptation.5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the last paragraph of the text?[A] New evidence is introduced to support a traditional point of view.[B] Three explanations for a phenomenon are presented and each is disputed by means of specific information.[C] Three hypotheses are outlined and evidence supporting each is given.[D] Recent discoveries are described and their implications for future study are projected.。

2018年可锐考研英语作文1[精选5篇]

2018年可锐考研英语作文1[精选5篇]第一篇：2018年可锐考研英语作文12018年可锐考研英语作文范文（一）1.推荐信： Directions:One of your friends wants to apply for a job working with foreign teenagers.Write a letter to recommend him/her, describe his/her past experience, and explain the reasons.Dear Sir or Madam，I am writing to recommend one of my best friends, Zhou Botong, for this post.With his outstanding leadership and cheerful personality, he was elected chairperson of the Student Union of Tsinghua University several times.Busy as he was, he completed his major, teenage psychology, with an outstanding school record.Upon graduation he was assigned to be a teacher in Tsinghua Middle School.What is more, he loves his job and enjoys working with children.This won him great popularity among his students.Therefore, I do not hesitate to recommend him as an ideal candidate for the post you advertised.I am sure you will make a wise decision in hiring him.Yours sincerely，Li Ming2.爱心/奉献 Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his or her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper.Write an essay to the newspaper to1)Show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the pictures below.2)Give a specific example, andWhen we use the word “love”, we do not simply mean an attraction to a person of the opposite sex, which is a very narrow definition of the word.The picture below illustrates the realmeaning of love, by stressing the fact that love is emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes.As a matter of fact, throughout history people of many different cultures have regarded love as the most sublime of human emotions.As an illustration of the power of love, we should remember how the Chinese people of all nationalities respond to the call to help the victims of the deadly earthquake in Sichuan Province.Although their incomes are still low by international standards, people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can——be it money or goods——to help their needy fellow citizens.Furthermore, they do this with no thought of gain for themselves.It is my view that the best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are.We should always be ready to give a helping hand to those who are in trouble, no matter whether they are family members or complete strangers.Only by doing so can we help to make the world a better place, for, as the picture shows, the darker the shadows of sorrow become, the more brightly the lamp of love shines.3.感谢信： Directions: After being involved in an accident, you were looked after by Mr.Shakespeare.Write a special letter to express your thanks.Dear Mr.Shakespeare，I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude.I am referring to that unfortunate accident the other day, when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi.If it had not been for your timely assistance in giving me first aid, I fear that the consequences might have been much serious.Everyone agrees that it was your quick-witted response in that emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcome.Although nowadays people in mounting numbers talk about the need to be unselfish, we see very few people practice what they preach.If there were morepeople like you, this world would be a much nicer place.Yours sincerely，Li MingDirections:You want to study at a certain foreign university.Write a letter to ask about the situation there as regards accommodation and fees, possible scholarships, and what qualifications one needs for acceptance.Dear Sir or Madam，I am a Chinese student who wishes to apply for admission into your prestigious university.My plan is to start my course next term, and I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to provide me with certain essential information.First, what qualifications do I need to follow a course of study at your university? I already have a bachelor’s degree from Beijing University, but I wonder if there are any further academic requirements.Second, how much are the tuition fees? Although I intend to be self-supporting, I would be interested to hear if there are any scholarships available for international students.Third, what is the situation as regards accommodation?I look forward to your reply, and to attending your esteemed institution.Yours sincerely，Li Ming5.责任/两代关系 Directions:care and unrelenting work of their parents, how could they have grown up healthy and successful? How could it possible for them to go about without the pricks of conscience?Everyone of us should live up to the virtues passed down to us by our ancestors Only in this way can we be worthy of the name of a Chinese.第二篇：2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选（五）Gene therapy基因疗法Genetic mutations predict which cancers willrespond to treatment基因突变将预测某种治疗会对哪些癌症起作用THE International Cancer Genome Consortium, analliance of laboratories that is trying to produce adefinitive list of the genetic mutations that causecancer, is accumulating data at an astonishing rate.About 3,000 individual breast tumours,for example, have now had their genotypes published.But these data will not, bythemselves, help patients.For that, they have to be collected in the context of a drug trial.And this is just what Matthew Ellis and his colleagues at Washington University in St Louishave done for women suffering from breast cancer.Their methods, if they prove to work forother cancers too, may revolutionise treatment.国际癌症基因组协作组是试图建立一份会引起癌症的基因突变完整清单的实验室联盟，它积累数据的速度让人吃惊。

2018年可锐考研英语复习阅读文章推荐

2018年可锐考研英语复习阅读文章推荐（二）Starbucks星巴克Just add water加水即成The ailing giant turns to instant coffee for apick-me-up亏损巨头靠速溶咖啡来提神NO ONE can accuse Howard Schultz of inaction since he returned as chief executive ofStarbucks,没有人可以指责重回星巴克的首席执行官霍华德·舒尔茨的无所作为，the firm he built into a multinational only to watch it stumble under his successor.他只是没想到看着他一手建起的跨国公司绊倒在他的继任者脚下。

Barely a month has gone by over the past year without the firm announcing some newinitiative or other.在过去的一年公司没有公布任何新的咖啡饮料，仅仅不到一个月，The latest came on February 17th in New York, when Mr Schultz unveiled Via, an instantcoffee which, he claims,2月17日在纽约，舒尔茨先生推出Via，一种速溶咖啡，他声称，tastes just as good as Java brewed in the shop by one of the firm s baristas.其味道和星巴克咖啡大师在店里调配的Java一样香醇。

Mr Schultz hopes to win a share of the $17 billion or so the world spends on instant coffee —aproduct which, he sniffs, has not improved in decades.舒尔茨先生希望赢得全球花在速溶咖啡约170亿美元上的一点份额—速溶咖啡，他嗤之以鼻地说，在过去的几十年里一点儿没改进。

2018年可锐考研英语阅读真题范文

2018年可锐考研英语阅读真题范文（七）Don’t shoot the messengerThey poison the mind and corrupt the morals of the young, who waste their time sitting on sofas immersed in dangerous fantasy worlds. That, at least, was the charge levelled against novels during the 18th century by critics worried about the impact of a new medium on young people. Today the idea that novels can harm people sounds daft. And that is surely how history will judge modern criticism of video games, which are accused of turning young people into violent criminals. This week European justice ministers met to discuss how best to restrict the sale of violent games to children. Some countries, such as Germany, believe the answer is to ban some games altogether. That is going too far. Criticism of games is merely the latest example of a tendency to demonise new and unfamiliar forms of entertainment. In 1816 waltzing was condemned as a fatal contagion that encouraged promiscuity; in 1910 films were denounced as an evil pure and simple, destructive of social interchange in the 1950s rock ’n’roll music was said to turn young people into devil worshippers and comic books were accused of turning children into drug addicts and criminals. In each case the pattern is the same: young people adopt a new form of entertainment, older people are spooked by its unfamiliarity and condemn it, but eventually the young grow up and the new medium becomes accepted-at which point another example appears and the cycle begins again. The opposition to video games is founded on the mistaken belief that most gamers are children. In fact, twothirds of gamers are over 18 and the average gamer is around 30. But the assumption that gamers are mostly children leads to a double standard. Violent films are permitted and the notion that some films are unsuitable for children is generally understood. Yet different rules are applied to games. Aren’t games different because they are interactive? It is true that video games can make people feel excited or aggressive, but so do many sports. There is no evidence that videogaming causes longterm aggression. Games ought to be agerated, just as films are, and retailers should not sell adultrated games to children any more than they should sell them adultrated films. Ratings schemes are already in place, and in some countries restrictions on the sale of adultrated games to minors have the force of law. Oddly enough, Hillary Clinton, one of the politicians who has led the criticism of the gaming industry in America, has recently come round to this view. Last month she emphasised the need for parents to pay more attention to game ratings and called on the industry, retailers and parents to work together. But this week some European politicians seemed to be moving in the other direction: the Netherlands may follow Germany, for example, in banning some games outright. Not all adults wish to play violent games, just as not all of them enjoy violent movies. But they should be free to do so if they wish.二．Doughnut adjust your setHAVE you ever seen anything on television that made you shout or shake your fist in anger at the screen? Televisions are, of course, unable to respond to such reactions. But that could beabout to change. Controlling your television and other home entertainment devices using voice commands or gestures is starting to become possible thanks to a new generation of controllers.Consider, for example, the controller that went on sale last month with Nintendo’s Wii games console. In place of the usual combination of buttons and joysticks, the Wii has a motionsensitive controller. The console can determine how the controller is moving in space and what it is pointing at, and uses that information to control what is happening on screen. Depending on the game, the controller becomes a warrior’s sword or a golf club.For some games, the controller connects up via a cable to a second, smaller handset called the Nunchuk after the weapon favoured by Bruce Lee in his martial arts movies . It is then possible to use one controller for movement, and the other to fire weapons or use items. The number of buttons on both controllers has been reduced to a minimum, as Nintendo hopes to draw in new customers who find existing games consoles too complicated. But whether the Wii will introduce a generation of grandmothers to the joys of karate games remains to be seen.This living room overload is likely to get worse as telecoms operators launch a new generation of television over broadband services, using a technology called IPTV. This will make possible thousands of channels, downloadable programs and films, plus messaging, internet access and games. It will also involve the biggest and most complicated controllers ever seen. The experience isn’t as good as it could be, says Michael Cai of Parks Associates, a consultancy. So some companies believe a new approach is needed.Other companies have looked at using speech based controllers in the living room. One firm, Promptu, developed a voice control system for American cable operators and tested it in conjunction with Motorola, which makes set top boxes. But it has now decided to reposition the technology as a voice based navigation system for mobile phones. A simpler approach is taken by the In Voca voice activated remote control. It is a universal remote control that can recognise 50 separate commands spoken by up to four separate users, from lower volume to Cartoon Network .A recent entry to the field is Apple Computer, a firm renowned for designing elegant, easy to use products. In 2007 it will launch a new device, called the iTV, that acts as a bridge between a television and a computer. It has a deliberately simple remote control that, like Apple’s iconic iPod music player, involves just one button and one wheel. Steve Jobs, the company’s boss, boasts that it is very Apple . Might his company be the one to solve the remote control confusion?三．Behind the bleeding edgeMANKIND’S progress in developing new gizmos is often referred to as the march of technology . That conjures up images of constant and relentless forward movement orchestrated with military precision. In reality, technological progress is rather less orderly. Some technologies do indeed improve at such a predictable pace that they obey simple formulae such as Moore’s law, which acts as a battle plan for the semiconductor industry. Other technologies proceed by painful lurches-think of third generation mobile phones, or new versions of Microsoft Windows. And there are some cases, particularly in the developing world, when technological progress takes the form of a leapfrog.Such leapfrogging involves adopting a new technology directly, and skipping over the earlier, inferior versions of it that came before. By far the best known example is that of mobile phones in the developing world. Fixed line networks are poor or non existent in many developing countries, so people have leapfrogged straight to mobile phones instead. The number of mobile phones now far outstrips the number of fixed line telephones in China, India and sub Saharan Africa.There are other examples. Incandescent light bulbs, introduced in the late 1870s, are slowly being displaced in the developed world by more energy efficient lightemitting diodes , in applications from traffic lights to domestic lighting. LEDs could, however, have an even greater impact in parts of the developing world that lack mains power and electric lighting altogether. LEDs’greater energy efficiency makes it possible to run them from batteries charged by solar panels during the day.Being behind the bleeding edge of technological development can sometimes be a good thing, in short. It means that early versions of a technology, which may be buggy, unreliable or otherwise inferior, can be avoided. America, for example, was the first country to adopt colour television, which explains why American television still looks so bad today: other countries came to the technology later and adopted technically superior standards.The lesson to be drawn from all of this is that it is wrong to assume that developing countries will follow the same technological course as developed nations. Having skipped fixed line telephones, some parts of the world may well skip desktop computers in favour of portable devices, for example. Entire economies may even leapfrog from agriculture straight to hightech industries. That is what happened in Israel, which went from citrus farming to microchips; India, similarly, is doing its best to jump straight to a hightech service economy.Those who anticipate and facilitate leapfrogging can prosper as a result. Those who fail to see it coming risk being jumped over. Kodak, for example, hit by the sudden rise of digital cameras in the developed world, wrongly assumed that it would still be able to sell old fashioned film and film cameras in China instead. But the emerging Chinese middle classes leapfrogged straight to digital cameras-and even those are now outnumbered by camera phones.。

2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选

2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选（十）Fossil feathers羽毛化石Not just for the birds并非鸟类独有A trove of fossils sheds light on the evolution of feathers珍贵羽毛化石的发现能够更好地阐释羽毛的进化过程THE fossil record is, famously, full of holes.众所周知，化石记录总是漏洞百出。

One such lacuna has been the absence of well-preserved feathers from the Cretaceous-theperiod between 145m and 65m years ago that ended with the mass extinction that wipedout the dinosaurs.一个漏洞就是由于人们无法找到白垩纪时期保存完好的羽毛，因而该时期羽毛化石的记录一直处于空白状态。

白垩纪是距今1.45亿年到6500万年的一段时期，末期发生了导致恐龙消失的物种大灭绝。

Now, this gap has been partly filled.如今，这段空白得到了部分填充。

In this week s Science, a team led by Ryan McKellar from the University of Alberta report thediscovery of eleven feathers preserved in amber from the latter part of the Cretaceous,about 70m-85m years ago.本周，瑞安?麦凯乐领导的研究小组在《科学》杂志上发表报告称，他们发现了11种白垩纪后期封存在琥珀里的羽毛。

Intriguingly, not all of them seem to come from birds.有趣的是，这些羽毛并不都属于鸟类。

2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选

2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选第一篇：2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选（三）Facebook and privacy Sorry, friends脸谱和用户隐私对不起，朋友The giant social network is castigated for serious privacy failings社交网巨头因严重隐私缺陷而遭受公众谴责FACEBOOK has been playing with fire and has got its fingers burned, again.脸谱一直在玩火，这次它又烧伤了自己的指头。

On November 29th America s Federal Trade Commission announced that it hadreached a draft settlement with the giant social network over allegations that it hadmisled people about its use of their personal data.11月29日美国联邦贸易委员会声明已和该社交网巨头关于公众对它欺骗用户、滥用用户个人信息的控诉初步达成解决方案。

The details of the settlement make clear that Facebook, which boasts over 800m users,betrayed its users trust.这份解决方案的细目明确说明，脸谱网背叛了它所声称的八亿用户的信任。

It is also notable because it appears to be part of a broader attempt by the FTC to craft anew privacy framework to deal with the swift rise of social networks in America.FTC有个更大的计划，那就是创建一个新的隐私框架以应对美国快速攀升的社交网用户。

2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选

2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选（六）Palaeontology Do the locomotion古生物学活动活动The earliest animal tracks yet found have been unearthed in Canada在加拿大出土了迄今为止发现的最早动物足迹ONE of the greatest mysteries of the history of life is the Cambrian explosion.寒武纪的大爆炸是生命史中最大的谜团之一。

Prior to 560m years ago, animal fossils are rare.5.6亿年以前的动物化石寥寥无几。

Then, in a geological eyeblink, they become common.然而，只过了地质史上一瞬间的功夫，它们便多得不足为奇了。

Shelly creatures such as trilobites and brachiopods, of whose ancestors there is little sign inthe rocks, are suddenly everywhere.像三叶虫、腕足动物此般壳类动物的祖先没有在岩层中留下什么痕迹，但它们的遗迹却突然间比比皆是。

Biologists would dearly love to know what happened.生物学家们迫不及待地想知道当时到底发生了什么。

Recent discoveries at the delightfully named Mistaken Point, in Newfoundland, serve to lift theveil slightly.纽芬兰岛上有个地方名字很有趣，叫“错误点”，正是最近在这里的一些发现轻轻掀起了这个神秘面纱的一角。

These findings are not of Precambrian animals themselves, but of their tracks. And these,paradoxically, may be more useful.发现的并不是寒武纪前的动物本身，而是它们的足迹。

2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选

2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选（五）Gene therapy基因疗法Genetic mutations predict which cancers willrespond to treatment基因突变将预测某种治疗会对哪些癌症起作用THE International Cancer Genome Consortium, analliance of laboratories that is trying to produce adefinitive list of the genetic mutations that causecancer, is accumulating data at an astonishing rate. About 3,000 individual breast tumours,for example, have now had their genotypes published. But these data will not, bythemselves, help patients. For that, they have to be collected in the context of a drug trial.And this is just what Matthew Ellis and his colleagues at Washington University in St Louishave done for women suffering from breast cancer. Their methods, if they prove to work forother cancers too, may revolutionise treatment.国际癌症基因组协作组是试图建立一份会引起癌症的基因突变完整清单的实验室联盟，它积累数据的速度让人吃惊。

2018年可锐考研英语阅读精选及讲解

2018年可锐考研英语阅读精选及讲解（二）A white kid sells a bag of cocaine at his suburban high school. A Latino kid does the same in his inner-city neighborhood. Both get caught. Both are first-time offenders. The white kid walks into juvenile court with his parents，his priest，a good lawyer-and medical coverage. The Latino kid walks into court with his mom，no legal resources and no insurance. The judge lets the white kid go with his family; he s placed in a private treatment program. The minority kid has no such option. He s detained. There，in a nutshell，is what happens more and more often in the juvenile-court system. Minority youths arrested on violent felony charges in California are more than twice as likely as their white counterparts to be transferred out of the juvenile-justice system and tried as adults，according to a study released last week by the Justice Policy Institute，a research center in San Francisco. Once they are in adult courts，young black offenders are 18 times more likely to be jailed-and Hispanics seven times more likely-than are young white offenders. “Discrimination against kids of color accumulates at every stage of the justice system and skyrockets when juveniles are，tried as adults，”says Dan Macallair，a co-author of the new study. “California has a double standard：throw kids of color behind bars，but .rehabilitate white kids who commit comparable crimes.”Even as juvenile crime has declined from its peak in the early 1990s，headline grabbing violence by minors has intensified a get-tough attitude. Over the past six years，43 states have passed laws that make it easier to try juveniles as adults. In Texas and Connecticut in 1996，the latest year for which figures are available，all the juveniles in jails were minorities. Vincent Schiraldi，the Justice Policy Institute s director，concedes that “some kids need to be tried as adults. But most can be rehabilitated.”Instead，adult prisons tend to brutalize juveniles. They are eight times more likely to commit suicide and five times more likely to be sexually abused than offenders held in juvenile detention. “Once they get out，they tend to commit more crimes and more violent crimes，”says Jenni Gainsborough，a spokeswoman for the Sentencing Project，a reform group in Washington. The system，in essence，is training career criminals. And it s doing its worst work among minorities. 注本文选自By Anamaria Wilson Time; 02/14/2000，Vol. 155 Issue 6，p68，1/3p注本文习题命题模仿对象1997年真题text 51.From the first paragraph we learn that _________. [A]the white kid is more lucky than the minority kid [B]the white kid has got a lot of help than the minority kid [C]the white kid and minority kid has been treated differently [D]the minority kid should be set free at once.2.According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE? [A]Kids shouldn‘t be tried as adults. [B] Discrimination exists in the justice system. [C]Minority kids are likely to commit crimes. [D] States shouldn‘t pass the laws.3.The word “skyrocket”means ________. [A]rising sharply [B]widening suddenly [C]spreading widely [D]expanding quickly4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________. [A] something seems to be wrong with the justice system [B]adult prisons have bad influence on the juveniles [C] juveniles in adult prison are ill-treated [D]the career criminals are trained by the system5.The passage shows that the author is _________ the present situation. [A] amazed at[B]puzzled by [C]disappointed at [D] critical of答案：CBAAD篇章剖析本文的结构形式为提出问题——分析问题。

2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选

2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选（九）The view from the top, and bottom老板与员工的意见分歧Bosses think their firms are caring. Their minions disagree.老板们认为公司对员工关怀备至，但其下属却不以为然。

AS WALMART grew into the world s largest retailer, its staff were subjected to a long list ofdos and don ts covering every aspect of their work.随着沃尔玛发展成为全球最大零售商，其员工在工作的各方各面都受到了一大堆规则的限制。

Now the firm has decided that its rules-based culture is too inflexible to cope with thechallenges of globalisation and technological change,如今，沃尔玛已经认识到其以规则为基础的公司文化过于死板，无法应对全球化和科技变革所带来的挑战。

and is trying to instil a values-based culture, in which employees can be trusted to do theright thing because they know what the firm stands for.所以，沃尔玛正尝试逐渐培养一种以价值观为基础的公司文化，在这种文化中，员工了解公司的主张，所以能够得到公司的信任，去做他们认为正确的事情。

Values is the latest hot topic in management thinking.价值观念是管理学思维最新的热门话题。

PepsiCo has started preaching a creed of performance with purpose .百事可乐公司已开始宣扬一个信条：目的性绩效。

2018年可锐考研英语阅读理解精选

2018年可锐考研英语阅读理解精选（四）Text4The bride and groom, a guitar-wielding rock vixen and a muscle-rippling dragon-slayer, make an odd couple-so it is hardly surprising that nobody expected their marriage. But on December 2nd the video-game companies behind "Guitar Hero" and "World of Warcraft", Activision and Vivendi Games respectively, announced plans for an elaborate merger. Vivendi, a French media group, will pool its games unit, plus $1.7 billion in cash, with Activision; the combined entity will then offer to buy back shares from Activision shareholders, raising Vivendi’s stake in the resulting firm to as much as 68%.Activision’s boss, Bobby Kotick, will remain at the helm of the new company, to be known as Activision Blizzard in recognition of Vivendi’s main gaming asset: its subsidiary Blizzard Entertainment, the firm behind "World of Warcraft", an online swords-and-sorcery game with 9.3m subscribers. The deal was unexpected, but makes excellent strategic sense, says Piers Harding-Rolls of Screen Digest, a consultancy. Activision has long coveted "World of Warcraft", and Vivendi gets a bigger games division and Activision’s talented management team to run it. As well as making sense for both parties, the $18.9 billion deal-the biggest ever in the video-games industry-says a lot about the trends now shaping the business.The first is a push into new markets, especially online multiplayer games, which are particularly popular in Asia, and "casual" games that appeal to people who do not regard themselves as gamers. "World of Warcraft" is the world’s most popular online subscription-based game and is hugely lucrative. Blizzard will have revenues of $1.1 billion this year and operating profits of $520m. "World of Warcraft" is really "a social network with many entertainment components," says Mr Kotick.Similarly, he argues, "Guitar Hero" and other games that use new kinds of controller, rather than the usual buttons and joysticks, are broadening the appeal of gaming by emphasising its social aspects, since they are easy to pick up and can be played with friends. Social gaming, says Mr Kotick, is "the most powerful trend" building new audiences for the industry. He is clearly excited at the prospect of using Blizzard’s expertise to launch an online version of "Guitar Hero" for Asian markets. Online music games such as "Audition Online", which started in South Korea, are "massive in Asia," says Mr Harding-Rolls.A second trend is media groups’increasing interest in gaming. Vivendi owns Universal Music, one of the "big four" record labels. As the record industry’s sales decline, it makes sense to move into gaming, a younger, faster-growing medium with plenty of cross-marketing opportunities. Other media groups are going the same way. Last year Viacom, an American media giant, acquired Harmonix, the company that originally created "Guitar Hero". It has been promoting its new game, "Rock Band", using its MTV music channel. Viacom has also created online virtual worlds that tie in with several of its television programmes, such as "Laguna Beach" and "Pimp My Ride". Disney bought Club Penguin, a virtual world for children, in August. AndTime Warner is involved in gaming via its Warner Bros Home Entertainment division, which publishes its own titles and last month bought TT Games, the British firm behind the "Lego Star Wars" games.1. The merger of these two companies are out of expection because_____.[A] they aim to design marriage games which sound really weird.[B] It is difficult for big companies of two different nations to end up in successful cooperation.[C] Their games are by no means similar to each other in terms of their styles.[D] It would be illegal for them to buy back the shares.2. Why Piers Harding-Rolls thinks this marriage has strategic sense?[A] Activision has been longing to cooperate with "World of Warcraft".[B] Vivendi could get bigger portion and better management resources from Activision.[C] This deal is beneficial to both sides for they can combine their talents to make various games.[D] This deal make them become decisive factor of this industry’s trend in the future.3. The word "lucrative" most probably means_____.[A] profitable[B] luxurious[C] entertaining[D] populous4. The first trend shaping the industry is _____.[A] pushing people online to develop their own games.[B] building new audiences for the new network of games.[C] promoting games with new kinds of controller.[D] expanding the reign of traditional games and creating new market.5.From the two trends we can infer that_____.[A] this merger is a great success because it goes along with both trends.[B] this deal can strengthen both parties to surpass the other media giants..[C] this allied group is powerful enough to shape the industry’s trends.[D] it is indeed of strategic sense to have initiate and carry out the merger篇章剖析：本篇文章讲述了两个游戏公司Activision和Vivendi的联姻。

2018年可锐考研英语优秀阅读文章赏析

2018年可锐考研英语优秀阅读文章赏析（九）Recruitment人才招聘Work and play工作兼娱乐The gamification of hiring.招聘游戏化。

THE rules of Happy Hour are deceptively simple. You are a bartender. Your challenge is totell what sort of drink each of a swelling mob of customers wants by the expressions on theirfaces. Then you must make and serve each drink and wash each used glass, all within a shortperiod of time. Play this video game well and you might win a tantalising prize: a job in thereal world.游戏Happy Hour的规则看起来十分简单。

你是一位酒保，你的挑战是察言观色，一群趾高气扬的黑帮客户进入酒吧，你需要根据他们的面部表情判断每个人要喝何种酒，然后斟酒擦酒杯。

所有这一切都需要在短时间内完成，如果玩这个游戏表现出色的话，你诱人的奖励是在真实世界获得工作。

Happy Hour, which will be unveiled to the public on May 28th, is one of several video gamesdeveloped by Knack, a start-up founded by Guy Halfteck, an Israeli entrepreneur. Thegames include a version of Happy Hour in which sushi replaces booze, Words of Wisdom and Balloon Brigade .They are designed to test cognitive skills that employers might want, drawing on some ofthe latest scientific research. These range from pattern recognition to emotionalintelligence, risk appetite and adaptability to changing situations.由一位以色列企业家Guy halfteck新创始的公司Knack开发的众多视频游戏中的一款Happy Hour预计在5月28日发布。

可锐考研英语阅读真题解析

2018年可锐考研英语阅读真题解析（一）一、从鸡蛋中培养流感疫菌Modern technology has put men on the moon and deciphered the human genome. But when it comes to brewing up flu to make vaccines, science still turns to the incredible edible egg. Ever since the 1940s, vaccine makers have grown large batches of virus inside chicken eggs. But given that some 36,000 Americans die of flu each year, it’s remarkable that our first line of defense is still what Secretary of Health and Human Services Tommy Thompson calls “the cumbersome and archaic egg-based production.”New cell-based technologies are in the pipeline, however, and may finally get the support they need now that the United States is faced with a critical shortage of flu vaccine. Although experts disagree on whether new ways of producing vaccine could have prevented a shortage like the one happening today, there is no doubt that the existing system has serious flaws.Each year, vaccine manufacturers place advance orders for millions of specially grown chicken eggs. Meanwhile, public-health officials monitor circulating strains of flu, and each March they recommend three strains—two influenza A strains and one B strain—for manufacturers to include in vaccines. In the late spring and summer, automated machines inject virus into eggs and later suck out the influenza-rich goop. Virus from the eggs’innards gets killed and processed to remove egg proteins and other contaminants before being packaged into vials for fall shipment.Why has this egg method persisted for six decades? The main reason is that it’s reliable. But even though the eggs are reliable, they have serious drawbacks. One is the long lead time needed to order the eggs. That means it’s hard to make more vaccine in a hurry, in case of a shortage or unexpected outbreak. And eggs may simply be too cumbersome to keep up with the hundreds of millions of doses required to handle the demand for flu vaccine.What’s more, some flu strains don’t grow well in eggs. Last year, scientists were unable to include the Fujian strain in the vaccine formulation. It was a relatively new strain, and manufacturers simply couldn’t find a quick way to adapt it so that it grew well in eggs. “We knew the strain was out there,”recalls Theodore Eickhoff of the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, “but public-health officials were left without a vaccine—and, consequently, a more severe flu season.”Worse, the viruses that pose the greatest threat might be hardest to grow in eggs. That’s because global pandemics like the one that killed over 50 million people between 1918 and 1920 are thought to occur when a bird influenza changes in a way that lets it cross the species barrier and infect humans. Since humans haven’t encountered the new virus before, they have little protective immunity. The deadly bird flu circulating in Asia in 1997 and 1998, for example,worried public-health officials because it spread to some people who handled birds and killed them—although the bug never circulated among humans. But when scientists tried to make vaccine the old-fashioned way, the bird flu quickly killed the eggs.1.The moon-landing is mentioned in the first paragraph to illustrate_____.[A] technology cannot solve all of our human problems[B] progress in vaccine research for influenza has lagged behind[C] great achievements have been made by men in exploring the unknown[D] the development of vaccine production methods can not be stopped2.What step is essential to the traditional production of flu vaccine?[A] Manufacturers implant the vaccine into ordered chicken eggs.[B] Scientists identify the exact strain soon after a flu pandemic starts.[C] Public health measures are taken as an important pandemic-fighting tool.[D] Viruses are deadened and made clean before being put into vaccine use.3.The foremost reason why the egg-based method is defective lies in_____.[A] the complex process of vaccine production [B] its potential threat to human being[C] the low survival rate for new flu vaccines [D] its contribution to the flu vaccine shortage4.Which of the following is true according to the passage?[A] Flu vaccines now mainly use egg-based technology.[B] A bird influenza has once circulated among humans.[C] Safety can be greatly improved with cell-culture vaccines.[D] Modern vaccine production methods are to replace egg-based methods.5.In the author’s view, the new vaccine production method seems to be_____.[A] remarkable [B] criticized [C] efficient [D] accepted答案：1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.D核心词汇与超纲词汇decipher破译，辨认genome基因组，染色体组brew酿制，沏，煮;~ up酝酿;即将来临cumbersome大而笨重的;繁琐的，复杂的archaic过时的，陈旧的;古代的，早期的in the pipeline在准备中; 在完成中; 在进行中; 运输中; 即将送递circulate循环;传播，流传;传递，传阅strain系，品系，品种innards内脏，内部结构pandemic广泛流传的，普遍的，流行的;传染病的;全国[全世界]性的流行病lead time 前置时间，指完成一个程序或作业所需要的一段时间。

2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选

2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选（七）Book Review;Stories ofresistance;Shades of grey书评;关于抵抗的故事;灰色的幽影;Beautiful Souls: Saying No, Breaking Ranks, andHeeding the Voice of Conscience in Dark Times. ByEyal Press.美丽灵魂:说不，打破等级，留心黑暗时代中道德之音;You have a decent job and work hard. You keepyour nose clean, respect authority and have neverjoined a protest march. Suddenly you have thebad luck to face a cruel and seemingly impossible choice. Your superiors tell you to dosomething outrageous or unacceptable. Do you obey or, at grave personal cost, refuse?In “Beautiful Souls”, a subtle and thoughtful book, Eyal Press, an American journalist, tellsthe stories of four very ordinary people who, in widely different times, places andcircumstances, surprised themselves by saying “no”.你有份体面的工作并且做得很努力。

你保持洁身自爱，尊重权威，从不加入抗议性游行中。

突然你不幸的要面对残忍几乎表面来看不可能的选择：你的上级令你去做你粗暴不可接受的事。

2018年可锐考研英语阅读真题文章

2018年可锐考研英语阅读真题文章（四）Bluetooth’s quiet successIt was born amid a blaze of hype at the height of the dotcom boom, but initially failed to thrive. Indeed, Bluetooth, a shortrange wireless technology used to interconnect portable devices, has been declared dead on many occasions. Early versions of the technology suffered from compatibility problems; an ambitious demonstration of the technology at a trade show in 2001 failed to work. And while Bluetooth struggled despite all the hype from its backers, another wireless technology, WiFi, took off on its own. Obituaries of Bluetooth have appeared many times in the technology press, usually attributing its demise to the success of WiFi. Bluetooth is in full retreat, declared Sean Maloney, an Intel executive, in 2001. Other analysts issued similar verdicts. But reports of the death of Bluetooth proved to be premature: today it is in rude health. Sales of Bluetooth devices more than doubled in 2005 to reach 320m units, and the figure is expected to exceed 520m this year-equivalent to more than 10m units a week and far outstripping sales of WiFi chips. Around one in four mobile phones sold now support Bluetooth. And after years of insisting that Bluetooth was more than just a way to link a wireless headset to a mobile phone, its backers seem to have been vindicated, as other uses for Bluetooth have at last begun to emerge. Last year 60% of Bluetooth chips went into mobile handsets and 15% into wireless headsets, says Scott Smyser of iSuppli, a marketresearch firm, but the other 25% went into other devices, from laptop computers, keyboards and mice to Bluetoothenabled clothing. This success, after its rocky start, is due to a combination of factors, says Stuart Carlaw, an analyst at ABI Research. In many countries Bluetooth’s fortunes were boosted by new legislation banning the use of mobile phones without a handsfree kit while driving. This prompted many people to buy Bluetooth headsets. Several carmakers, led by Audi, also began to incorporate microphones and speakers, capable of connecting to a handset via Bluetooth, into their vehicles. As consumers became more aware of Bluetooth and began to ask for it, handsetmakers started to include it as a means of differentiating their products and increasing their margins. Adding a Bluetooth chip to a phone now costs very littlearound $2, says Mr Carlaw, down from $20 in 2001-but allows the manufacturer to increase the price of the handset by far more, and opens up a new market for highmargin accessories. Finally, operators began offering Bluetooth headsets as incentives to new customers. Again, the perceived value of the headset is far higher than its cost to the operator, so this increases margins. Greater adoption has, in turn, cleared the way for the inclusion of Bluetooth in all kinds of new products. In addition to Bluetoothenabled jackets, motorcycle helmets and sunglasses with builtin wireless headsets, the controllers for two nextgeneration videogames consoles due to be launched later this year, Sony’s PlayStation 3 and Nintendo’s Wii, will use Bluetooth. Because Bluetooth is an industry standard, both consolemakers can buy chips and software off the shelf, which is quicker and cheaper than developing their own proprietary technologies, says Mr Carlaw.Aircraft emissions: The dirty skyAll big ideas start life on the fringes of debate. Very often it takes a shocking event to move them into the mainstream. Until last year interest in climate change was espoused mainly byscientists and green lobbyists-and the few politicians they had badgered into paying attention. But since Hurricane Katrina, something seems to have changed, particularly in America.There are plenty of anecdotal signs of change: Britain’s pro business Tories have turned green; Al Gore is back in fashion in America. Companies are beginning to take action and encouraging governments to do the same. Europe already has an emissions trading system for its five dirtiest industries. In America, although the Bush administration still resists federal legislation, more and more states do not.So far the political about global warming have centred on two polluters, smoggy factories and dirty cars. Next month the European Parliament will vote on whether to extend its emissions trading system to airlines. If it decides in favor, the whole industry will feel the impact, for it will affect not just European airlines but all those that fly into and out of the EU. Talk about this prospect soured the International Air Transport Association’s annual meeting this week in Paris. But whatever happens in the EU, the airlines look set to face vociferous demands that they should pay for their emissions.In some ways, the airlines are an odd target for greens. They produce only around 3% of the world’s man made carbon emissions. Surface transport, by contrast, produces 22%. Europe’s merchant ships spew out around a third more carbon than aircraft do, and nobody is going after them. And unlike cars-potent symbols of individualism-airlines are public transport, jamming in as many people as they can into each plane.What’s more, many air travelers cannot easily switch. Car drivers can hop on the train or the bus, but transatlantic travelers can’t row from London to New York. Nor can aircraft fuel be swapped for a green alternative. Car drivers can buy electro petrol hybrids but aircraft are, for now, stuck with kerosene, because its energy density makes it the only practical fuel to carry around in the air.Yet in other ways, airlines are a fine target. They pay no tax on fuel for international flights, and therefore escape the polluter pays principle even more niftily than other forms of transport. Their emissions are especially damaging, too-partly because the nitrogen oxides from jet engine exhausts help create ozone, a potent greenhouse gas, and partly because the pretty trails that aircraft leave behind them help make the clouds that can intensify the greenhouse effect.Slowly, businessmen and politicians are coming to agree with scientists. If this generation does not tackle climate change, its descendants will not think much of it. That means raising costs for all sources of pollution. Even those deceptively cheap weekend breaks cannot be exempt.Doughnut adjust your setHAVE you ever seen anything on television that made you shout or shake your fist in angerat the screen? Televisions are, of course, unable to respond to such reactions. But that could be about to change. Controlling your television and other home entertainment devices using voice commands or gestures is starting to become possible thanks to a new generation of controllers.Consider, for example, the controller that went on sale last month with Nintendo’s Wii games console. In place of the usual combination of buttons and joysticks, the Wii has a motionsensitive controller. The console can determine how the controller is moving in space and what it is pointing at, and uses that information to control what is happening on screen. Depending on the game, the controller becomes a warrior’s sword or a golf club.For some games, the controller connects up via a cable to a second, smaller handset called the Nunchuk after the weapon favoured by Bruce Lee in his martial arts movies . It is then possible to use one controller for movement, and the other to fire weapons or use items. The number of buttons on both controllers has been reduced to a minimum, as Nintendo hopes to draw in new customers who find existing games consoles too complicated. But whether the Wii will introduce a generation of grandmothers to the joys of karate games remains to be seen.This living room overload is likely to get worse as telecoms operators launch a new generation of television over broadband services, using a technology called IPTV. This will make possible thousands of channels, downloadable programs and films, plus messaging, internet access and games. It will also involve the biggest and most complicated controllers ever seen. The experience isn’t as good as it could be, says Michael Cai of Parks Associates, a consultancy. So some companies believe a new approach is needed.Other companies have looked at using speech based controllers in the living room. One firm, Promptu, developed a voice control system for American cable operators and tested it in conjunction with Motorola, which makes set top boxes. But it has now decided to reposition the technology as a voice based navigation system for mobile phones. A simpler approach is taken by the In Voca voice activated remote control. It is a universal remote control that can recognise 50 separate commands spoken by up to four separate users, from lower volume to Cartoon Network .A recent entry to the field is Apple Computer, a firm renowned for designing elegant, easy to use products. In 2007 it will launch a new device, called the iTV, that acts as a bridge between a television and a computer. It has a deliberately simple remote control that, like Apple’s iconic iPod music player, involves just one button and one wheel. Steve Jobs, the company’s boss, boasts that it is very Apple . Might his company be the one to solve the remote control confusion?。

2018年可锐考研英语阅读真题范文

2018年可锐考研英语阅读真题范文（三）When the cure is not worth the costThanks to research by the National Institutes of Health and academic scientists during the last three decades, we now have proven treatments for depression, addiction and other mental disorders. But all too often clinicians do not use them.Without financial incentives to provide treatments that are known to work, many mental health professionals stick with what they know, or pick up on the latest fad, or even introduce their own untested innovations—which in turn are spread by testimonials and credulous news media coverage.Take the well known approach featured on the cable TV reality show “Intervention”aimed at getting addicts and alcoholics into treatment. Here, the family and sometimes the employer gather with a counselor, confront the addict and threaten to shun him or fire him if he doesn’t enter a rehabilitation center. A 1999 study compared this style of intervention —which can backfire and lead to broken families—to a less confrontational approach known as “community reinforcement and family training,”which is aimed at helping the family nurture the addict’s own motivation.More than twice as many families succeeded in getting their loved ones into treatment with the gentler approach than with standard intervention . But no reality shows push the less dramatic method, and it is difficult to find clinicians who use it.Similarly, one of the most common approaches to alcoholism treatment involves having counselors and fellow alcoholics confront patients and force them to identify themselves as alcoholics. But research finds that the more a counselor confronts, the more a patient drinks and the more likely he is to drop out of treatment. And no association between accepting the label “alcoholic”and quitting drinking has been found. Counselor empathy—not confrontation—is connected with recovery.According to a review by the Institute of Medicine in 2006, only 10.5 percent of alcoholics received “care consistent with scientific knowledge”of the disorder; similarly, 43 percent of children in psychiatric hospitals are given antipsychotic medication despite not suffering from psychosis. Tough boot camps for troubled teenagers—which have been proven to be ineffective and potentially harmful—thrive, while “multisystemic family therapy,”which effectively treats teenagers at home, is available only through the juvenile justice system.If we want to provide genuine help for the 33 million Americans with mental health and drug problems, giving more no strings attached money to providers via insurance mandates is not the answer. It is dangerous to blindly bolster useless and even harmful treatments while failing to support proven therapies. Coverage must be tied to outcomes and evidence. And payment should be dependent, at least in part, on health improvements, not just services received. Weneed parity in evidence based treatment, not just in coverage.二．Limited resourcesIt‘s been nearly a week since Canadian pet food manufacturer Menu Foods Inc. recalled some 60 million cans and pouches of wet food linked to the deaths of at least 15 cats and one dog, yet authorities still can‘t explain exactly what went wrong. Some critics and animal lovers are honing in on what they see as lax regulation of the $15 billion pet food industry in the United States.There‘s almost a void there, says Bob Vetere, president of the American Pet Product Manufacturers Association. There is no real pet food department of any federal agency.Technically, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is responsible for ensuring that pet foods, like human foods, are safe to eat, truthfully labeled and produced under sanitary conditions. But on Tuesday, FDA officials admitted that the regulation of pet food takes a back seat to its regulatory obligations of other food and drug sectors, and that inspections of pet food processing plants are done only on a for cause basis.There are limited resources, said David Elder, director of the Office of Surveillance and Compliance in the FDA‘s Center for Veterinary Medicine in Rockville, Md. Elder added that inspections of companion animals food products are based on risk , which means that the processing plant in Emporia, Kans., where the tainted food was manufactured, had never been inspected by government officials until after consumers started complaining about pets dying of kidney failure. The Emporia plant remains open and continues to produce new food, according to a Menu Foods spokesperson, who adds that safety tests are being done around the clock.The chief executive of Menu Foods told the Associated Press on Wednesday that the company is looking at one unnamed ingredient as the possible cause of the renal failure. The FDA has previously said the investigation is focusing on possibly contaminated wheat gluten, a common ingredient in pet foods. FDA inspectors have been sent to Menu Foods plants in Kansas and New Jersey.The industry insists their products are absolutely safe. Pet foods are the highest regulated product you‘ll find in the grocery store, says Duane Ekedahl, president of the Pet Food Institute , an industry trade association representing the interests of 20 member companies whose products make up about 97 percent of the dog and cat food produced in the United States. While serious, the Menu Foods recall shouldn‘t be blown out of proportion, says Ekedahl, who points out that the recalled food accounts for less then 2 percent of the overall market. He adds that every pet food company conducts extensive tests, both of incoming raw materials and of finished products. On Tuesday, PFI issued a statement claiming that All cat and dog food products on store shelves are safe. The recall is now complete and all suspected products have been removed fromthe stream of commerce.三．A fuzzy pictureTHIS is a really exciting time-a new era is starting, says Peter Bazalgette, the chief creative officer of Endemol, the television company behind Big Brother and other popular shows. He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television, a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media which offers new opportunities to device makers, content producers and mobile network operators.Already, many mobile operators offer a selection of television channels or individual shows, which are streamed across their third generation networks. In South Korea, television is also sent to mobile phones via satellite and terrestrial broadcast networks, which is far more efficient than sending video across mobile networks. In Europe, the Italian arm of 3, a mobile operator, recently acquired Canale 7, a television channel, with a view to launching mobile TV broadcasts in Italy in the second half of 2006.Meanwhile, Apple Computer, which launched a video capable version of its iPod portable music player in October, is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows that can be purchased for viewing on the device, including Lost , Desperate Housewives and Law Order .Despite all this activity, however, the prospects for mobile TV are unclear. For a start, nobody really knows if consumers will pay for it, though surveys suggest they like the idea. Informa, a consultancy, says there will be 125m mobile TV users by 2010. But many other mobile technologies inspired high hopes and then failed to live up to expectations. And even if people do want TV on the move, there is further uncertainty in two areas: technology and business models.At the moment, mobile TV is mostly streamed over 3G networks. But sending an individual data stream to each viewer is inefficient and will be unsustainable in the long run if mobile TV takes off. So the general consensus is that 3G streaming is a prelude to the construction of dedicated mobile TV broadcast networks, which transmit digital TV signals on entirely different frequencies to those used for voice and data. There are three main standards: DVBH, favoured in Europe; DMB, which has been adopted in South Korea and Japan; and MediaFLO, which is being rolled out in America. Watching TV using any of these technologies requires a TV capable handset, of course.In contrast, watching downloaded TV programmes on an iPod or other portable video player is already possible today. And unlike a programme streamed over 3G or broadcast via a dedicated mobile TV network, shows stored on an iPod can be watched on an underground train or inregions with patchy network coverage. That suggests that some shows better suit the download model, while others are better suited to real time transmission. The two approaches will probably coexist.Just as there are several competing mobile TV technologies, there are also many possible business models. Mobile operators might choose to build their own mobile TV broadcast networks; or they could form a consortium and build a shared network; or existing broadcasters could build such networks.The big question is whether the broadcasters and mobile operators can agree how to divide the spoils, assuming there are any. Broadcasters own the content, but mobile operators generally control the handsets, and they do not always see eye to eye. In South Korea, a consortium of broadcasters launched a free to air DMB network last month, but the country’s mobile operators were reluctant to provide their users with handsets able to receive the broadcasts, since they were unwilling to undermine the prospects for their own subscription based mobile TV services.Then there is the question of who will fund the production of mobile TV content: broadcasters, operators or advertisers? Again, the answer is probably all of the above .。

2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选

2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选（二）Fabricating fabric虚拟面料How to generate more realistic images of clothes如何生成更逼真的衣物图像FILMS like Captain America , Tron Legacy and The Curious Case of Benjamin Button haveshown that it is possible to use computer-generated imagery to make actors lookyounger, older or wimpier than they actually are, in a surprisingly realistic manner.电影《美国上尉》、《创战记》和《本杰明?巴顿奇事》表明计算机图像生成技术能以惊人的逼真手法使演员看上去比实际更年轻、老态或懦弱。

At least, it is possible if those altered actors are kept at a suitable distance from theviewer.这种效果至少在那些被改造过的演员与观众保持合适距离时能够实现。

The difficulty of recreating the textures of both skin and fabric means the effect is lessconvincing when seen close up.皮肤和面料纹理重建的困难在于它们被放大观看时，效果并不理想。

The reason is that, whereas it is possible to simulate realistically the forces which makevirtual skin and fabric hang, bend, flap and stretch, recreating the subtle ways theyreflect light has so far proved extremely tricky.原因在于尽管计算机能够真实地模拟使虚拟皮肤及面料产生悬挂、弯曲、飘动和拉伸的外力，但迄今为止想要找到构建反射光的精妙方法仍是极为困难的事情。

2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选

2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选（一）LSD Acid tests麦角酸二乙基酰胺迷幻药之考验Research into hallucinogenic drugs begins to shake off decades of taboo迷幻药物的研究开始摆脱几十年来的禁忌THE psychedelic era of the 1960s is remembered for its music, its art and, of course, itsdrugs.20世纪60年代是一个让人产生迷幻的年代，这个时代因它的音乐，它的艺术，当然还有它的毒品而被人记得。

Its science is somewhat further down the list.而那个时候的科学在某种程度上则不太被人们熟知。

But before the rise of the counterculture, researchers had been studying LSD as a treatmentfor everything from alcoholism to obsessive-compulsive disorder , with promisingresults.不过在反传统文化兴趣之前，随着有价值的研究成果的出现，研究者们则正在研究LSD 作为一种治疗从酗酒到强迫症的方法。

Timothy Leary, a psychologist at Harvard University, was one of the best-known workers inthe field, but it was also he who was widely blamed for discrediting it, by his unconventionalresearch methods and his lax handling of drugs.哈佛大学的心理学家蒂莫西?利瑞就是该领域最为知名的人士之一，不过他也因为其非传统的研究方法和他对对药物不严格的处理而让这个药物声名狼藉，进而广受诟病。

2018年可锐考研英语优秀阅读文章赏析

2018年可锐考研英语优秀阅读文章赏析（二）Mr Clean清白先生Ian King wants to transform the way the world sthird-biggest defence company does business伊安·金想转变世界第三大军工公司的经营之道ON JUNE 27th last year, just six weeks after MikeTurner, the chief executive of BAE Systems, hadbeen detained on arrival in America in connectionwith corruption allegations, Ian King wasannounced as his successor. Mr Turner andanother of the firm s directors were not held for long, and many felt that the Department ofJustice, which seized their laptops and BlackBerrys, had acted heavy-handedly. But theincident, which stemmed from a long-running investigation into claims that BAE hadlubricated the ?43 billion “al-Yamamah”arms deal with Saudi Arabiawith bribes to government officials and members of the royal family, was yet anotherembarrassment for the world s third-biggest defence company.去年6月27日，就在英国BAE系统公司的首席执行官Mike Turner抵达美国即因牵涉腐败案件而被拘留之后六周，伊安·金被宣布接替他的职务。

2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选

2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选（四）Book Review;A history ofdieting;Binge and purge书评;节食的历史;狂欢和清理;Calories and Corsets: A History of Dieting Over2000 Years. By Louise Foxcroft.《卡路里和束身衣：2000年来的节食历史》LousiseFoxcroft 著。

After the binge of the holidays, many stumble intoJanuary with a hangover, some fragile resolutionsand a desire to shed a few pounds. Alas, few willbenefit from rigid calorie-counting orcabbage-soup slurping. In a recent study of 31 long-term diet plans, the AmericanPsychological Association found that up to two-thirds of participants ended up heavier thanbefore they started. Some diets are more sensible than others, but any regimen thatpromises swift and dramatic results will doom most followers to failure. Weight-loss pillsand surgery are similarly ineffective—and sometimes dangerous—over time. Yetgirth-management is big business, full of charismatic hucksters and fake science, earning $40 billion a year in America alone.在假日的狂欢之后，许多人宿醉，下着不坚定的决心，立志要减去数磅体重，在跌跌撞撞中进入了一月。