欧洲文化入门第一章PPT课件

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西方文化入门课件

I. Greek history
•
Stone age
• Greek History { Bronze age
•
Iron age
II. Greek Environment
• Greece, unlike Egypt or Mesopotamia, is
not a place that is easy to live in.
Ancient Greece
• I. Greek History • II. Greek Environment • III. Processing of Greek Civilization • IV. Greek Culture • 1. Greek Mythology • 2. Greek Philosophy • 3. Literature • 4. History • 5. Art and Science
3. unstable
• Another important aspect of the Greek environment is
that it is very unstable. Greece is smack-dab in the middle of a very active volcanic zone, where the Europe tectonic plate meets the Africa tectonic plate. There are several active volcanoes, and earthquakes are also very common. There is a nervous feeling that there could be a natural disaster at any time. This got the Greeks interested in a particular kind of religion which we call oracles. Oracles are the gods speaking to people, often in the form of minor earthquakes, and the gods tell the people what is going to happen in the future.

欧洲文化入门中文版课件

第一章希腊罗马文化希腊罗马文化可以说是欧洲文明的起源，所以这一章节应该是比较重要的章节。

我们先看希腊的发展。

希腊文明分为几个时期，她形成于公元前800－500年，经历了古典时代（也就是公元前500到公元前336年）和希腊化时代（也就是公元前336年到公元前31年）。

希腊文明达到顶峰是公元前5世纪。

公元前146年，希腊被罗马攻克。

希腊文明也就被罗马文明所取代。

这段历史的重要大事有：1、公元前12世纪，随着特洛伊人的入侵，希腊堕入“黑暗时代”。

荷马史诗描述的正是希腊人与特洛伊人之间的战争（《以利亚特》和《奥得赛》）。

这里要注意的是，荷马史诗描述的时代并非荷马生活的时代。

荷马生活在公元前700年。

2、公元前6世纪，希腊世界开始有了全面改变，为后来的古典时代打开了通途。

其中两个重要的城邦国家是雅典和斯巴达。

雅典发展起一个完全不同类型的社会，公元前594年，梭伦成为雅典的首席执行官，他的贡献在于，在组织上为以后建立著名的雅典民主奠定了基础。

雅典之所以在当时拥有卓越的地位，是因为它在打败庞大的波斯帝国这场重大战争中起了最主要的作用。

历史之父希罗多德在他的历史书中进行了详尽的描述。

3、由于雅典的不断扩张引起了斯巴达的恐慌，因而在公元前431年爆发了伯罗奔尼撒战争。

战争最终以雅典的失败而告终。

修昔底得这位历史上最伟大的历史学家在其作品中，详尽描写了这一战争。

4、伯罗奔尼撒战争后，斯巴达专横跋扈，底比斯和雅典为求相互保护而结成新的联盟。

公元前371年，马其顿国王腓力二世打败了底比斯和雅典联军，他的闻名世界的儿子亚历山大大帝统治了希腊。

至此，古典时代结束，希腊化时代即将开始。

古典时代的希腊造就了一批哲学家和剧作家。

哲学家主要以苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德为代表。

苏格拉底提出自由辩论的重要性。

柏拉图的目标是要实现一个既能维持贵族特权，又可为贫苦阶级接受的社会，并构件了唯心主义的根基。

亚力士多德寻求自然界和人类社会各个方面的秩序。

(欧洲文化)PPT课件

（宗教精神）：宗教在人们的文化心理上，同时也是在西方社会的整个文化价值体系中，起到了这样一些作用：一是精神的寄托与安慰。人在来自自然与社会的生存压力下，在异化的生存条件下，以此进行自我调节，缓解心理压力，求得心理平衡。二是宗教的原罪与忏悔的观念，对上帝的敬畏，使人对自己的行为进行自觉的自我约束规范，这与法制制约恰好形成互补，有利于社会的稳定平衡。三是如马克斯·韦伯在《新教伦理与资本主义精神》中所认为的，新教伦理一方面适度肯定人的世俗生活享受和谋利行为，以及追求财富的权力，使人具有创造财富的动力；另一方面则又倡导敬业、勤勉、节俭精神，提倡理性的禁欲主义，反对放纵享乐的恶行，则有利于积累资本发展生产，因此宗教在资本主义发展中起过重要作用。从总体上看，西方文化在天人二分的哲学观念和分析思维的基础上，历来是追求科学精神与人文精神的并行发展，从而形成了自身特有的文化精神及其传统。
欧洲文化概况
姚素馨
联系方式: 62557090
主要内容
东西方文化的差异西方文化的渊源古希腊罗马文化对西方文化的影响中世纪宗教文化文艺复兴近代资本主义文化
近代欧洲
学习欧洲文化的意义
认识世界、走向世界的最佳途径，就是学习其他民族的文化与历史，借鉴他人所长，弥补自己所短。
四、西方文化的宗教精神
西方文化传统中的一个重要方面和组成部分是宗教文化，其中主要是基督教文化。历史上它曾占据过重要的社会地位（如中世纪），后来西方的科学与民主精神不断发展，但西方人仍然没有抛弃宗教，据有关资料显示现今西方仍有35%的人信仰基督教，并仍呈蔓延之势。可以说，在西方文化中，宗教文化不只是一种独立的文化形态，同时它的精神也渗透到了整个西方文化之中。过去我们说宗教是麻醉和毒害人民的鸦片，这在人民革命时代确实如此。但是从整个西方社会和文化的发展来看，宗教为何盛行不衰？它有什么作用？确实值得研究。西方宗教的产生和流行，我想还是与西方的整个文化传统和思维方式有关。

西方文化入门课件

I. Greek history
•Stone age• Greek History { Bronze age •
Iron age
II. Greek Environment
• Greece, unlike Egypt or Mesopotamia, is
not a place that is easy to live in. • 1. mountainous • 2. coastline • 3. unstable • 4. trees
Ancient Greece
• • • • • • • • •
I. Greek History II. Greek Environment III. Processing of Greek Civilization IV. Greek Culture 1. Greek Mythology 2. Greek Philosophy 3. Literature 4. History 5. Art and Science
I. Greek history
• Greece is a much harder place to live than Egypt,
because the soil is not as good and there is not always enough water to grow plants for food. So people did not move there until a lot of centuries later. Our first evidence of real settlement in Greece comes from about 55,000 BC (57,000 years ago). Even then there were not very many people until around 3000 BC. Greek history is usually divided into a Stone Age, a Bronze Age, and an Iron Age. Sometimes people divide each of these periods into smaller periods as well.

欧洲文化入门 ppt课件

It was the morning那天早晨
It was the morning of that blessed day, 那一天，太阳也为哀悼上帝变得阴晦 Whereon the Sun in pity veiled his glare 我不曾抵抗就做了俘虏， For the Lord's agony, that, unaware, 因为，夫人，您那美丽的眼睛射出的无形视线 I fell a captive, Lady, to the sway 将我捆缚起来，如同囚犯一般。 Of your swift eyes; that seemed no time to stay 当时我没有意识到预防爱神的纠缠， The strokes of love: I stepped into the snare 依然若无其事、自信地迈步向前…… Secure, with no suspicion: then and there 殊不知就在此刻，我的感情之苦 I found my cue in man's most tragic play. 已经伴随着人间之痛一起涌起波涟。 Love caught me naked in his shaft, his sheaf, 在爱神面前我毫无防范， The entrance for his ambush and surprise 从眼睛到心灵全都门扉大开， Against the heart wide open through the eyes, 双眼变成热泪流淌的通道和源泉。 The constant gate and fountain of my grief 但我以为，此情此景之下 How craven so to strike me so, 用箭射中我并不是什么荣耀， Yet from you fully armed conceal his bow!因为对您，一个有防范的人，它从不会放箭。

欧洲文化入门ppt

id
The Gattamelata Equestrian Statue 格太梅拉达骑马像
Renaissance
• Giorgione乔尔乔内
(use of colour schemes配色)
Sleeping Venus
Tempesta：a group of pictures(scene before, in and after the storm)
Renaissance
(around1300-1650)
Renaissance
•我是人，人所具有的我无不具有。 —— 拉丁诗人特伦斯（2 B.C.） •Renaissance(humanism) & CounterReformation 宗教改革→against the Middle Ages •The second half of the 15th century: modern time of the West(1492 for America) •The rise of Capitalism
Medieval architecture
• Between the time of Roman Architecture (30BC-300 AD) and the rebirth of Rome as the center of architecture during the Renaissance( 1400-1600), there were 4 overlapping, but distinctive periods of architecture: Early Christian, Byzantine, Romanesque and Gothic .The common belief in Christianity created an architectural and social unifying force. The great monuments of this period were all designed for the greater glorification of the Christian God.

欧洲文化入门第一章

Euripides (484-406B.C.) (484Plays: Andromache安德洛 Andromache安德洛玛刻(赫克托耳的忠实妻子) 玛刻(赫克托耳的忠实妻子), Medea美狄亚and Medea美狄亚and Trojan Women特洛伊女人 Women特洛伊女人 He was more a realist than Aeschylus and Sophocles, aoncerned with conflics. He may be called the first writer of “problem plays” plays”
History
Question: How should history be written? Which history book do you like best? Why? Herodotus (484-430B.C.) (484He is often called “Father of History”, wrote about History” the wars between Greeks and Persians. His history, full of anecdotes and digressions and lively dialogue, is wonderfully readable.
Lyric Poetry Sappho (about 612-580 B.C.), women 612poets of Lesbos, is noted for her love poems of passionate intensity. She was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece. Plato called her the tenth Muse. Pindar (about 518-438B.C.) is best 518known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games, such as the 14 Olympian odes.

欧洲文化入门中文版课件

第一章希腊罗马文化希腊罗马文化可以说是欧洲文明的起源，所以这一章节应该是比较重要的章节。

我们先看希腊的发展。

希腊文明达到顶峰是公元前5世纪。

公元前146年，希腊被罗马攻克。

希腊文明也就被罗马文明所取代。

这段历史的重要大事有：1、公元前12世纪，随着特洛伊人的入侵，希腊堕入“黑暗时代”。

荷马史诗描述的正是希腊人与特洛伊人之间的战争（《以利亚特》和《奥得赛》）。

这里要注意的是，荷马史诗描述的时代并非荷马生活的时代。

荷马生活在公元前700年。

2、公元前6世纪，希腊世界开始有了全面改变，为后来的古典时代打开了通途。

其中两个重要的城邦国家是雅典和斯巴达。

雅典发展起一个完全不同类型的社会，公元前594年，梭伦成为雅典的首席执行官，他的贡献在于，在组织上为以后建立著名的雅典民主奠定了基础。

雅典之所以在当时拥有卓越的地位，是因为它在打败庞大的波斯帝国这场重大战争中起了最主要的作用。

历史之父希罗多德在他的历史书中进行了详尽的描述。

3、由于雅典的不断扩张引起了斯巴达的恐慌，因而在公元前431年爆发了伯罗奔尼撒战争。

战争最终以雅典的失败而告终。

修昔底得这位历史上最伟大的历史学家在其作品中，详尽描写了这一战争。

4、伯罗奔尼撒战争后，斯巴达专横跋扈，底比斯和雅典为求相互保护而结成新的联盟。

公元前371年，马其顿国王腓力二世打败了底比斯和雅典联军，他的闻名世界的儿子亚历山大大帝统治了希腊。

至此，古典时代结束，希腊化时代即将开始。

古典时代的希腊造就了一批哲学家和剧作家。

哲学家主要以苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德为代表。

苏格拉底提出自由辩论的重要性。

柏拉图的目标是要实现一个既能维持贵族特权，又可为贫苦阶级接受的社会，并构件了唯心主义的根基。

亚力士多德寻求自然界和人类社会各个方面的秩序。

欧洲文化入门Europe Culture 1 Greek Culture and Roman Culture

最後，奧德賽得神助，乘坐一艘在一夜之間可到達世界各地的奇異船，在睡眠中回到故鄉伊他開。在那裡，奧德賽得到雅典娜女神的鼓勵，還有兒子和兩位忠實部下的協助，並得知其妻對其的忠貞，從武器倉庫裡取出古時候留傳下來的大弓箭，將那些惡劣的求婚者一一射殺。貝尼蘿蓓亞以為奧德賽在特洛伊陣亡，見丈夫平安歸來驚喜萬分，一家人終於團圓。
Athens was a democracy
Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”.
Athens was a democracy
Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”.
Athens was a democracy
Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”.
Greeks loved sports
Olympus Mountain---Olympic Games Modern Olympic Games revived in 1896 顾拜旦（法国）
此時霍克得雖然擔心自己死後國家和妻子的命運，但為了名譽，單獨出城和阿奇里斯決一死戰。最後，阿奇里斯有雅典娜女神的幫忙，將霍克得殺死，達到報仇的心願。阿奇里斯並將霍克得的屍體縛在戰車上拖著走。特洛伊的老王普利亞摩斯，為了要回兒子的遺體，親自訪問阿奇里斯的營地，於是兩人共嘆命運的悲哀。老王將兒子的遺體運回充滿悲傷的特洛伊城舉行葬禮。
希臘方面為了奪回海倫，公元前1194年，亞該亞希臘人組織一千艘的船對進攻特洛伊，以斯巴達王的長兄邁錫尼王亞格門能 (亞金面羅王) 為統帥。經過十年悠久歲月，仍然不能攻下特洛伊城。「伊里亞德」就是歌詠這十年當中最後數十天所發生的事。

欧洲文化入门第一章PPT课件

11 plays: Frogs, Clouds, Wasps, Birds
Loose plot, satirical tone, clever parody, acute criticism, contemporary events, coarse language
18
6. History--Herodotus
important lyric poet of ancient Greece Pindar--Greek lyric poet 品达
Of the canonical nine lyric poets of ancient Greece, Pindar is the one whose work is best preserved, and some critics since antiquity have regarded him as the greatest.
Almost exclusively known for writing The Histories, a record of his 'inquiries' into the origins of the GrecoPersian 《历史》 Wars which occurred in 490 and 479 B. C.
The Greek historical writing writes mainly about wars—Herodotus and Thucydides
希罗多德(484-430 B.C.), Ancient Greek historian, “Father of History” 古希腊历史学家，“历史之父”
see these great works incorporated into

欧洲文化入门 PPT

Works: Dead Souls死魂灵
Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev 屠格涅夫(1818-1883)
Turgenev was the first Russion author to gain recognition in the West.
Works: A Hunter’s Sketches
Charterhouse of Parma)巴马修道院
Honore de Balzac 巴尔扎克 (1799-1850)
Balzac has been called “the French Dickens”.
Works: La Comedie Humaine
( the Human Comedy)人间喜剧, Eugenie Grandet欧也妮·葛朗台,
Background
The Historical Background
The realist movement was greatly influenced by the development of science in the 19th century. The age of realism was the age of railway, wireless telegraphy and countless other mechanical inventions that revolutionized the nature of society within a very short span of time.
Le Pere Goriot 高老头 La Cousine Bette贝蒂表妹
Gustave Flaubert福楼拜 (1821-1880)
Flaubert is one of the great literary artist of the 19th century.

欧洲文化入门PPT课件

(1794)《经验之歌》.
Innocence and Experience, “the two contrary states of the human soul,” are contrasted in such poems as “The Lamb” and “The Tiger.”
.
16
TIGER
.
15
Major Works
Blake explored issues of divine love in
the collection Songs of Innocence (1789)
《天真之歌》, while he considered the
nature of evil in Songs of Experience
.
18
老虎
译：卞之琳
老虎！老虎！火一样辉煌，烧穿了黑夜的森林和草莽，什么样非凡的手和眼睛能塑造你一身惊人的匀称？
什么样遥远的海底、天边烧出了做你眼睛的火焰？跨什么翅膀胆敢去凌空？凭什么铁掌抓一把火种？
什么样工夫，什么样胳膊，
拗得成你五脏六腑的筋络？
等到你的心一开始蹦跳，
什么样惊心动魄的手脚？
.
19
什么样铁链？什么样铁锤？什么样熔炉里炼你的脑髓？什么样铁砧？什么样猛劲一下子掐住了骇人的雷霆？
到临了，星星扔下了金枪，千万滴眼泪洒遍了穹苍，完工了再看看．他可会笑？不就是造羊的把你也造了？
老虎！老虎！火一样辉煌，烧穿了黑夜的森林和草莽，什么样非凡的手和眼睛敢塑造你一身惊人的匀称
.
22
Theory: “poetry is the spontaneous 自发的 overflow 流溢 of powerful feelings recollected 回忆 in tranquillity 宁静.”

欧洲文化入门1PPT课件

• Kepler was the first important scientist after Copernicus to adopt the theory of the Sun Center.
• Kepler proved , developed and corrected Copernicus's idea and discovered three laws of planetary motion, collectively known as "Kepler's Laws."
• The combination of the two merits brought about fundamental changes in man's scientific and philosophical thinking.
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谢谢您的观看
THANK YOU FOR YOUR WATCH
目录
CONCENT
01 ·Science 02 ·Philosophy,Politics and Literature in England
03 ·Descartes;French Classicism
04 ·Art
第1页/共11页
General Introduction
• In the 17th century Europe advanced from the Middle Ages to the modern times. This advance began in science ,in astronomy,physics and pure mathematics,oing to the work of Galileo,Keoler,Newton and Descartes.Their work helped to creat modern science and in a sense,the modern world.

欧洲文化入门(精品英文PPT课件)

希腊艺术是理想主义的简朴的强调共性的典雅精致的一句话概括是高贵的单纯静穆的伟大当二次电子数最少为一个时可代替初始电子的作用继续不断从阴极发出电子形成不依赖外界因素的初始电子从而产生自持放电
Division one Greek culture and roman culture
I . Greek Culture
Group one
• Leader:胡锦璞 • Members:孙京、杨建勋、赵元硕、段娟娟
• • • • •
Part 1-3 Part 4-6 Part 7 Part 8 Part 9
胡锦璞赵元硕段娟娟杨建勋孙京
1、The Historical Background
• TIME: around 1200B.C. • Establishment : after the war between Greece and Troy. • Cultural Significance: mark by the successful repulse of the Persian invasion . • Spread : Alexander and his armies conquered large areas of Europe Asia and Africa. • End: it was conquered by the Romans
• The Histories — his masterpiece and the only work he is known to have produced — is a record of his "inquiry" , being an investigation of the origins of the Greco-Persian Wars and including a wealth of geographical and ethnographical information. Although some of his stories were not completely accurate, he claimed that he was reporting only what had been told to him. Little is known of his personal history since ancient records are scanty, contradictory and often fanciful.

欧洲文化入门 ppt课件

Greek Culture
Greek Culture
Lyric Poetry
Sappho (612-580 B.C.) woman poet - The most important lyric poet of ancient Greece - Noted for love poems of passionate intensity
Tragedy Tragedy
Euripides
Andromache, Medea, Tragedy
(484-406 B.C.) Trojan Women
Only two actors and a chorus; Written in verse
Vivid character portrayal and majestic poetry
European Culture: An Introduction
Textbook
《European Culture: An Introduction》欧洲文化入门
主编：王佐良祝珏李品伟高厚堃外语教学与研究出版社
chronological
Contents
1. Greek Culture and Roman Culture 2. The Bible and Christianity 3. The Middle Ages 4. Renaissance and Reformation 5. The Seventeenth Century 6. The Age of Enlightenment 7. Romanticism 8. Marxism and Darwinism 9. Realism 10. Modernism and Other Trends 11. Review for Final Test

西方文化入门课件

III. Processing of Greek Civilization
• 1. The early period of Greek civilization • a. Cretan civilization • b. The Mycenaean society and cultural • achievements • 2. The development and end of Greek • civilization • a. The city-states • b. The reform and tyrant rule • c. The culmination and decline of Greek civilization • 3. The culmination and decline of Greek civilization
2. coastline
• On the other hand, what Greece does have is a lot of coastline
(beaches). No part of Greece is more than about forty miles from the sea: a couple of days walking. Plus there are a lot of small islands as well. So when people did come to live in Greece, they were sailors, and the Greeks have always spent a lot of time sailing on the ocean. The combination of good sailing and lousy farming tends to make Greeks try to get a living from the sea. This can take several forms. First, Greeks fish a good deal. Second, they sail trade routes from one city to another, both Greek cities and elsewhere, all over the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea, and make a living buying and selling things. Third, Greeks hire themselves out as soldiers to fight for other people around the Mediterranean, especially in Western Asia and Egypt (where there is money to pay them). And, less attractively, Greeks also often turn to piracy or raiding to make a living, as in the Trojan War