现在完成时被动语态详解与练习 附习题

现在完成时被动语态详解与练习附习题

现在完成时被动语态讲与练

一、现在完成时的被动语态

现在完成时的被动语态是高中语法时态和语态中的重要组成部分，也是高考经常考查的一项内容。请先看下面几道高考题：

1. I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard. (北京2005春)

A. Has it all been finished

B. Was it all finished

C. Has it all finished

D. Did it all finish

2. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.(重庆 2005)

A. has been caused

B. had been caused

C. will be caused

D. will have been caused

3. More patients in hospital this year than last year. (江苏 2004)

A. treated

B. have treated

C. had been treated

D. have been treated

4. —The window is dirty.

—I know. It for weeks.(2004全国卷Ⅲ)

A. hasn’t cleaned

B. didn’t clean

C. wasn’t cleaned

D. hasn’t been cleaned

这几道高考题考查的都是现在完成时的被动语态，下面我们谈谈它的用法。

1) 主动语态即主语为动作的执行者；被动语态即主语为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，但主语为动作的承受者，表示“……已经被……”。如：

The new school has been set up.

新学校已经建成了。

2) 现在完成时被动语态的肯定式为：have / has + been + done。如：

The experiment has been done successfully. 这个实验做得很成功。

现在完成时被动语态的否定式为：have / has + not + been + done。如：

Tom’s novel has not been published.

汤姆的小说还没有被出版。

现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问句需将have / has提到主语的前面。如：

Has his bike been repaired?

他的自行车修好了吗？

现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词 + have / has + been + done。如：

Who has been invited?

谁受到了邀请？

最后，我们再来看一下这几道高考题：

第1题的第一句话告诉我们，橱柜里看不到咖啡了，所以紧接着要问“咖啡已经被喝完了吗？”，故选A。

第2题的意思是“昨晚横扫英格兰北部的暴风雨已经造成了上百万英镑的损失”，这里强调发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响，故选A。

第3题中的patients与treat之间是被动关系，排除A、B。根据时间状语this year可知用现在完成时的被动语态，故选D。

第4题上句提到“窗户很脏”，所以下句应该是“窗户已经有数周没有被擦了”，故选D。

二、现在完成时被动语态讲与练

现在完成时的被动语态表达以下两个概念：

1．说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。

2．主语是行为动作的承受者。

现在完成时的被动语态由have／has been＋v－ed构成，其中v－ed为过去分词，表示被动。如：

I have been told about it many times．

The bridge has just been built．

在使用现在完成时的被动语态时要注意以下两点：

1．过去分词前有两个助动词：have／has和been。

2．必须表示被动。如：

1）.［误］Many new buildings been built since 1980．

［正］Many new buildings have been built since 1980．

［析］谓语部分结构不全，时态部分不完整。

2）.［误］Something bad has been happened to him．

［正］Something bad has happened to him．

［析］被动语态误用。happen为不及物动词，不及物动词没有被动语态。

3）.［误］The door has been opened of itself．

［正］The door has opened of itself．

［析］有些动词如open，break，drop等既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词，若不强调谁是动作的发出者，我们通常用主动语态。of itself意思是“自动地”，因此，此句不可用被动语态。

4）.［误］I have introduced to Mr Smith．

［正］I have been introduced to Mr Smith （by Mr Wang）．

［析］introduce为及物动词，I是introduce的承受者。

Choose the best answer．

1．Paper money ＿＿＿＿ for over a thousand years．

A．used B．has been used C．has used D．is using

2．Great changes ＿＿＿＿ in my hometown and a lot of factories ＿＿＿＿．

A．have been taken place； are being set up

B．have taken place； have been set up

C．are taken place； had been set up

D．had taken place； will be set up

3．Come and sit down by the fire．Your hand ＿＿＿＿ cold．

A．has been felt B．feels C．is felt D．has felt

4．The fire ＿＿＿＿to the fifth floor．＿＿＿＿ all the people＿＿＿＿？

A．has got；Have；been saved