现在完成时讲解(含讲解及习题)

现在完成时讲解
一、构成:
肯定式：主语+ 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词.
疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词?
否定式: 主语+ 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词.
过去分词规则变化：
a)一般情况下，直接加ed, （work---worked，water---watered, finish---finished等;）
b)以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词, 把y 变成i 再加ed, （carry---carried study---studied等;）
c)以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词，要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed。

（stop---stopped，shop---shopped）
d)以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加d （
过去分词不规则变化表：
二、用法：
用法一：表示过去（已经、曾经或从未）发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

标志词：①already, ②never, ③ever, ④just, ⑤yet, ⑥before,
⑦once/twice/数字+ times
例：I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的，不需要打扫了)
They have left. --他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里
I have never had a car (我从未有过汽车。

)
I have been there twice.
a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。

•He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。

•Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）
•My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。

•Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？
b）never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表示“曾经”
•We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。

•Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？
c）just用于句中, 表示“刚刚”
•I’ve just had breakfast. 我刚吃完早饭。

•What have they just done? 他们刚刚做了什么？
d）before用于句末, 表示“以前”
•I’ve seen it before. 我以前见过它。

练习：用never，ever，already，before, just或yet填空。

1. I have __________seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has __________finished his homework.
3. --Have you _________seen the film? --No, I have ________seen it.
4. ---Has the bus left _______? ---Yes, it has ________ left.
5. Would you like to go to the zoo with me? Yes, but I have been there _________.
★ has gone to, has been to, has been in 的区别：
1. have/has gone to 去了某地（还在某地没回来）
---Where is your father? 你爸爸在哪里？
---He has gone to Shanghai. 他去上海了。

2. have/has been to 曾经去过（已回，已不在去过的地方）+次数（once/twice/ 数字+times）
My father has been to Shanghai 3 times. 我爸爸去过上海3次。

画线提问：________________ has your father been to Shanghai?
3. have/has been in 待了多久（去了，现在仍在所待的地方）+ for + 时间段/
+ since + 时间点
My father has been in Shanghai for two months/ since two months ago. 我爸已经在上海待了两个月了。

画线提问：_______________has your father been in Shanghai?
▲注意：注意遇到四个地点副词要去掉to/in，这四个地点副词是：here ,there ,home ,abroad
练习：用have gone to / have been to / have been in / went to 填空。

1. _____ you ever _____ Disneyland?
2. How many times _____ you _____ Disneyland ?
3. I _____ Nanjing since two years ago
4. Mr. Li _____ Hong Kong. And he'll come back in two days.
5. —How long _____ you _____ Disneyland ?
—For three days. I __________ the theme park last Sunday.
6. My father __________ Hong Kong two weeks ago.
7. My father __________ Hong Kong in 2005.
8. My father __________ Hong Kong since 2005.
9. My father __________ Hong Kong twice.
10. My father __________ Hong Kong and he hasn't come back yet.
11. —Where's Lucy?
—She has__________ to a restaurant for lunch.
12. Have you __________ to this park before.
13. I have__________ there only once this year.
14. She has __________ to the shop to buy a notebook.
15. You're late, Lao Wang has __________ to Guangzhou.
用法二：表示过去已经开始, 并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

标志词：⑦up to now, ⑧so far, ⑨for +时间段⑩since+时间点
I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。

She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时
a) for +一段时间
Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. 我在这里5周了。

He’s studied English for 3 years. 他学习英语3年了。

b) since +(表示过去某一时间的)时间点/单词/词组/ 从句(一般过去时)
Eg. I have been here since 2000. 我自从2000年开始在这里。

I have been here since 5 years ago. 我自从5年前就在这里。

I have been here since I graduated in 2000. 我自从2000年毕业就在这里。

注：1) 对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用how long, 决不能用when.
Eg. I have lived here for 10 years. 画线提问：________ _______ have you lived here?
注2): 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用, 当然也不能用于how long引导的问句中Eg. (误)I have left there for 5 years.
(正)I have been away there for 5 years.
★为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替短暂性动词。

become →be, begin→ have , borrow → keep, buy → have,
go out → be out come (go, arrive, get) →be in die→ be dead,
finish→ be over, join→ be in …（be a member of …）leave→ be away ( from…), open→ be open close→ be closed
练习：选用for和since填空:
1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time.
2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago.
3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes.
4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China.
5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years.
6. It’s five years _______ we met last time.
三、与一般过去时的用法比较
1现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等），不与表示过去的时间连用; 而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系，常与表示过去的时间连用。

eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。

He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。

第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典”。

第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强
调说明。

2．常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语:
yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天),
just now(刚才)，时间+ ago, last +时间等;
eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago.
　We finished our task last week .
现在完成时练习题
一．单项选择
1.I have been living here _____ 1999.
A. for
B. after
C. in
D. since
2._____ have you been playing the guitar? For 5 years.
A. How soon
B. How long
C. How far
D. How often
3.______ may I keep these books? For two weeks.
A. How often
B. How far
C. How long
D. How soon
4.______ have you been here? I’ve been here for months.
A. How long
B. How often
C. How much
D. How many
5. The boy ______TV all morning.
A. has watched
B. had watched
C. has been watching
D. watched
6. How long _____ you _____ stamps? Since two years ago.
A. have, collected
B. did, collect
C. have , been collecting
D. are, collecting
7.They are still working in the fields. They ______ for two hours.
A. was working
B. has been working
C. worked
D. are working
8.He looks tired. Oh , he ____ for three hours.
A. have been skating
B. have been skated
C. has been skating
D. has been skated
9. He ______ it for two hours, and he is still watching now.
A. has been
B. watching
C. has been watching
D. is watching
10. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years.
A. is writing
B. was writing
C. wrote
D. has written
11.Harry Potter is a very nice film . I_______ it twice.
A. will see
B. have seen
C. saw
D. see
12.His father ______ the Party since 1978.
A. joined
B. has joined
C. was in
D. has been in
13.How long have you ____ here？—About two months.
A. been
B. gone
C. come
D. arrived
14.Hurry up！The play _____ for ten minutes.
A. has begun
B. had begun
C. has been on
D. began
15 It _____ ten years since he left the army.
A. is
B. has
C. will
D. was
16.My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.
A. have been in
B. have been to
C. have gone to
D. have been
17.____has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he ____to China？
A. How soon，comes
B. How often，got
C. How long，came
D. How far，arrived
18. His uncle ____ for more than 9 years.
A. has come here
B. has started to work
C. has lived there
D. has left the university
19.Sarah has been sleeping ______ 2:00 pm.
A. for
B. at
C. in
D. since
20.The students have cleaned the classroom，_____？
A. so they
B. don‘t they
C. have they
D. haven’t they
二．句型转换：
1.I have been watching the football match for half an hour.（划线提问）_______ ________ _______ you been watching the football match?
2.He has been studying Japanese for two years.（同义句转换）
He has been studying Japanese ______ two years ______.
3.We started the party two hours ago.（划线提问）
______ _______ you ________ the party?
4.The old man _____ last year.
He __________________for a year. （die）（动词填空）
5.Do you swim every day?（用for two hours 改写）
_______ you ________ for two hours.
6.Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同义句转换）
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour.
7.Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
8.The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同义句转换）
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.、
三、动词填空
1. _____ you ________(clean) the room?
Yes, we __________(do) that already.
When _______ you ______(do) it?
We _______(do) it an hour ago.
2.______ he ______(see) this film yet? Yes.
When _____ he _____(see) it?
He ______ it last week.
3. How many times _____you______(be) there?
四、汉译英。

1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。

2、他昨天收到一封信。

3、我父亲以前到过长城。

4、她还没有看过那部新电影。

5、她去过上海。

6、他这些天上哪儿去了？
7.这车你买多长时间了？三年了。

8.你洗盘子了吗？没有。

我马上去做。

9.你离开家乡几年了？十年了。

10.这本书我借了一周了。