人教版新课标高中英语必修一至必修二复习归纳

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新课标高中英语必修一二必背句型

新课标高中英语必修一二必背句型

新课标人教版英语必修1 Unit1--5句型背诵1. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.(强调句).我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然相关的事物都无比狂热。

2. It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face. (从句时态用完成时).这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。

3. Your friend, who doesn’t work hard, asks you to help him cheat in the end-of-term exam.(非限制性定语从句).你的一个朋友叫你在期末考试中帮他作弊,这个朋友平常不认真学习。

4. I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.有一天晚上,我熬到11点半故意不睡觉,为的是独自好好看看月亮一次。

5. If you have some trouble (in) getting along with your friends, you can write to the editor and ask for advice.假如你在和朋友的相处上有问题,你能够写信给编辑向他征求建议。

6. Add up your score and see how many points you can get.把你的得分加起来,看看得了多少。

高中英语必修第一册及必修第二册Unit 1 Unit 2 词形变化汇总复习课件

高中英语必修第一册及必修第二册Unit 1 Unit 2 词形变化汇总复习课件

词形变化
Unit 3
1. _d_i_v_e_rs_e__adj. 不同的;多种多样的→d__iv_e_r_s_it_y_ n. 差异(性);不同(点);多样性 2. __fo_r_t_u_n_e__ n. 机会;运气→_fo_r_t_u_n_a_t_e_ adj. 幸运的;吉利的→_f_o_rt_u_n_a_t_e_ly_ adv. 幸运地;幸 亏 3. __a_d_m_i_t___ vi.&vt. 承认 vt. 准许进入(或加入) →__a_d_m_i_s_si_o_n n. 允许进入;入场费;承认 4. _d_e_f_in_i_t_e_adj. 确实的,肯定的→_d__ef_i_n_it_e_ly_ adv. 肯定;确实 5. __h_is_t_o_r_y__ n. 历史 →__h_i_st_o_r_ic__ adj. 历史上著名(或重要)的;有史时期的→__h_is_t_o_r_ic_a_l adj. (有关)历史的 6. _i_m__m_i_g_r_a_te_ vi. 移入(外国定居)→__i_m_m__ig_r_a_n_t_ n. (外来)移民;外侨 adj. 移民的,移居的
frightened
frightening
frighten v. __________ adj.害怕的;受惊的;受恐吓的 ____________ adj.令人害怕的
词形变化
Unit 1
1. creative adj. 创造性的; 有创造力的→___c_r_ea_t_e____ vt. 创造, 创作→__c_r_e_a_ti_o_n___ n. 创造 →__c_r_e_a_ti_v_e_ly__adv. 创造性地 2. promote vt. 促进; 提升; 推销; 晋级→_p_r_o_m__o_ti_o_n__ n. 提升; 晋升; 推销 3. application n. 申请; 运用→____a_p_p_ly____ v. 申请; 应用 4. balance n. 平衡vt. 使平衡→___b_a_la_n_c_e_d__ adj. 平衡的 5. proposal n. 提议; 建议→__p__ro_p__o_se___ v. 建议 6. likely adj. 可能的adv. 可能地→__u_n_li_k_e_ly____ adj. 不可能的 adv. 未必 7. prevent vt. 阻止; 阻碍→__p_r_e_v_en__ti_o_n_ n. 预防; 阻止 8. loss n. 丧失; 损失→_____lo_s_e____vt. 遗失→____lo_s_t_____ adj. 迷路的 9. contribution n. 贡献; 捐款; 捐赠→_c_o_n_t_r_ib_u_t_e__vi. &vt. 捐献; 捐助 10. investigate vt. 调查; 研究→_i_n_v_e_st_i_g_a_ti_o_nn. 调查

人教版高中英语必修二知识点大全

人教版高中英语必修二知识点大全

人教版高中英语必修二知识点大全一、重点单词1.former adj 以前的;(两者中)前者的《1》前者......后者......the former … the latter…★我赞成前一个观点而他支持后一个。

I’m in favor of the former opinion while he is in support of the latter one.2.preserve vt.保存;保护;维持;n.保护区《1》保护......免受......preserve… from/against doing sth 《2》保存完好的well-preserved★保护环境免受污染至关重要。

It is highly important to preserve the environment from being polluted.☞ preservaton n.保护3.promote vt.促进;提升;推销;晋级《1》促进和平promote peace《2》得到晋升get promoted★由于缺乏专业知识,他没有得到提升。

He failed to get promoted for lack of professional knowledge. ☞ promotion n.提升,促销4.application 申请表;用途;运用;应用(程序)《1》求职信 A job application (letter)《2》申请信,求职信A letter of application《3》向......提出申请→ apply to sb for sth→ make an application to sb for sth《4》致力于apply oneself/one’s mind to doing sth★你只有专心学习,才会通过考试。

You will pass the exam only if you really apply yourself to your study.☞ apply v.运用,应用5.banace n.平衡;均匀vt. 使平衡《1》保持平衡keep balance《2》保持均衡的饮食keep a balanced diet《3》失去平衡: lose one’s balance/ out of balance《5》使A和B平衡keep a balance between A and B《6》总的来说On balance6.proposal n.提议;建议《1》提出建议make/put forward a proposal《2》同意、接受提议approve of/accept a proposal★他们都同意我的建议,我们分摊计程车费。

高中英语新人教版必修一语法汇总(一二单元)

高中英语新人教版必修一语法汇总(一二单元)

高中英语必修一语法汇总Unit 1短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。

一、名词短语(NP)名词短语是指以一个名词为中心构成的短语。

(1)These ideas may seem strange to you.作主语(2)Welove our great motherland very much.作宾语(3)Theman wearing a black coat is our teacher.作表语(4)Those beautiful flowers come from Yun’nan.作主语(5)Weelected him monitor of our class.作宾语补足语[归纳总结](1)名词短语在句中作名词用,一般用作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。

(2)名词短语由“(限定词)+(数词、形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词)+名词+(介词短语)”组成。

[名师提醒]限定词包括冠词(a,an,the)、指示代词(this,that,these,those等)、物主代词(my,your,his,her,our,their等)和不定代词(some,no,neither,both等)。

[巩固内化1]指出黑体部分所作的成分①He got threegold medals at the 23rd Olympic Games.作宾语②The tall building was built last year.作主语③This is avery interesting book.作表语④We made him capital of our team.作宾补二、形容词短语(AdjP)形容词短语是指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语,在句子中的功能相当于形容词。

(1)Theair today is nice and clean.作表语(2)Sheis a girl lively and lovely.作定语(3)Hefound the film very interesting.作宾语补足语[归纳总结](1)形容词短语在句中作形容词用,可以修饰名词或代词,作定语,还可用作表语或者宾语补足语等。

人教版高中英语必修一Unit-2单元知识点

人教版高中英语必修一Unit-2单元知识点

人教版高中英语必修一U n i t-2单元知识点(总10页)--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--必修一 Unit2 English around the world要点提炼 Section A重点词汇,短语,句式adj.官方的;正式的;公务的You will have to get official permission to cut down the trees.你得获得官方批准才可以砍伐这些树。

There will be an official inquiry into the matter.将对这件事进行正式调查。

【拓展】official 或 officer两者都有官员的意思,但是所指不同1,official常指政府官员或行政官员2,officer常指身特定制服的官员,如军官或者警官等。

练习:我爸爸是军官,而他爸爸是政府官员。

My father is an________ in the army, while his father is an________ in the government.答案:officer official3. native adj. 本国的;本土的 n.本地人,本国人The women are native people.这些妇女是本地人。

Finally, she returned to her native land.她最后返回了她的祖国。

The panda is a native of China.熊猫原产于中国。

【注意】native 做形容词用时,只能做前置定语。

be native to 意为(动植物)是…特有的,原产于…The tiger is native to India, 这种虎产于印度。

4. actually adv. 实际上;事实上(相当于in fact/as a matter of fact)He looked calm, but actually he was very nervous.他看起来很镇定,实际上却非常紧张。

人教版高中英语必修一知识点+语法总结(全面)

人教版高中英语必修一知识点+语法总结(全面)

人教版高中英语必修一知识点+语法总结(全面)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1高一主要语法点人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship一、重点短语1.go through 经历,经受 get through 通过;完成;接通电话2. set down 记下,放下3. a series of 一系列4. on purpose 有目的的5. in order to 为了6. at dusk 傍晚,黄昏时刻7. face to face 面对面8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加(某个活动); take part in 参加(活动) join 加入(组织,团队,并成为其中一员)10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. b e/get tired of…对…感到厌倦13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多(后接不可数n.) much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到… 才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做… 并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为… make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事二、语法----直接引语和间接引语概念:直接引语:直接引述别人的原话。

一般前后要加引号。

间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。

间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。

例:Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.”Mr. Black said that he was busy.变化规则(一)陈述句的变化规则直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that(可省略)引导,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。

人教版版高中英语必修二重点语法汇总

人教版版高中英语必修二重点语法汇总

人教版版高中英语必修二重点语法汇总Unit 1: 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句是指如果一个句子去掉定语从句后,主句的意思不是所要表明的意思,那么这个定语从句就是限制性定语从句。

非限制性定语从句则不用限制先行词。

最大的特点就是先行词后面有逗号隔开。

例如:XXX should be punished.XXX who breaks the rules should be punished.在第二个句子中,如果去掉定语从句,“Anyone should be punished”这个句子的意思就不完整了,因此这是一个限制性定语从句。

例如:She is good at speaking French。

XXX.This book was written by Jack。

who was here a moment ago.I have some friends。

XXX.这些句子中的定语从句都是非限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句的连接词可以用who、whom或whose、which,但不能用that,也不能省略。

例如:She had eight children。

three of XXX.XXX is a Japanese。

whose wife is a Chinese.My sister。

who is a nurse。

got married last month.China has hundreds of islands。

the largest of which is XXX.非限制性定语从句还可以用when或where引导。

例如:She is going to Shanghai。

where she was born.We will go home next week。

when we won’t be so busy.除了前面提到的那些连接词以外,在以下两种情况下还可以用as作为定语从句的连接词:1.当先行词在从句中做主语或者宾语的时候,同时先行词又被same、so或者such修饰的时候。

新教材人教版高中英语必修第二册全册书重点单词短语句型汇总(2022新高考一轮复习资料)

新教材人教版高中英语必修第二册全册书重点单词短语句型汇总(2022新高考一轮复习资料)

人教版必修第二册全册重点单词短语Unit 1Cultural Heritage ........................................................................................................ - 1 - Unit 2Wildlife Protection ..................................................................................................... - 9 - Unit 3The Internet .............................................................................................................. - 17 - Unit 4History and Traditions .............................................................................................. - 24 - Unit 5Music ........................................................................................................................ - 31 -Unit 1Cultural Heritage【话题词汇】1.sculpture n. 雕塑;雕刻;雕像2.statue n. 塑像;雕像3.construct v t. 建设;建筑4.remains n. 遗迹5.splendid adj. 辉煌的;壮丽的6.gallery n. 画廊;美术馆7.exhibition n. 展览;展览会8.historical adj. 与历史有关的;史学的9.myth n. 神话10.legend n. 传说;传奇故事11.origin n. 起源;由来12.masterpiece n. 杰作13.rare adj. 罕见的14.unique adj. 独特的,特有的15.precious adj. 宝贵的16.well-designed adj. 设计巧妙的【话题短语】1.be situated/located in 位于2.preserve/protect...from... 保护……免于……3.natural wonder 自然奇观4.be in ruins 变为废墟5.belong to 属于6.non-material cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产7.traditional crafts 传统工艺品8.be listed in 被列入9.folk arts 民间艺术10.The cradle of the civilization 文明的摇篮【话题佳句】1.History and culture are the soul of the city and people should cherish the city's historic and cultural heritage as their own lives.历史和文化是一个城市的灵魂,人们要像爱惜自己的生命一样珍惜城市历史文化遗产。

高中英语必修一、二单元知识点总结

高中英语必修一、二单元知识点总结

必修一Unit 1直接引语与间接引语(Ⅰ)一.定义:1.直接引语:直接引述别人的原话2.间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话二.直接引语变间接引语时要注意一下一个方面(1)陈述句:变间接引语时语序不变(2)一般疑问句:变间接引语时应首先在主句的谓语动词后加if/whether.再把语序变陈述语序(3)特殊疑问句:仍保持原有的疑问词,但语序变成陈述语序eg. He asked ,”Are you going home this weekend?”→He asked if/whether I was going home this weekend.“What do you want,Sara?” Mr Li asked.→Mr Li asked Sara what she wanted.3.某些成分的变化与不变(1).直接引语转化为间接引语时从句要注意5个方面的变化:①标点符号的变化“一主二宾三不变”及:直接引语中主语为第一人称则变为间接引语时人称按主语的人称变化;直接引语中主语为第二人称则变为间接引语时,人称与主句的宾语一致;若间接引语中主语为第三人称则变成间接引语时人称一般不需要变化。

④时态的变化一般现在时→一般过去时现在进行时→过去进行时现在完成时→过去完成时一般过去时→过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时→过去将来时⑤指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化this→thatthese→thosenow→thenago→before/earliertoday→that dayyesterday→the day beforetomorrow→the next/following daythe day after tomorrow→in two days’ timecome→gohere→therethe day before yesterday→two days before/earliereg. He said ,”There books are mine.”→He said those books were his.(2)直接引语转化为间接引语时态五不变①直接引语为客观真理、永恒不变的事实、谚语或名人名言时eg .”The earth moves around the sun ,” the teacher told me.→The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun.Miss Guo said,”Where there is a sill,there is a way .“→Miss Guo said Where there is a sill,there is a way .②直接引语中有具体变过去的时间状语eg .Xiao Lin said ,”I was born on July 29,1992.”→Xiao Lin said she was born on July 19,1992.③习惯性动作或说话时仍然存在的情况eg .The boy said to us ,” I usually go to bed at ten every day .”→The boy told us he usually go to bed at ten every day.④当直接引语表示的客观时刻表时eg .Tom said,” The plane takes off at 6:30 a.m.”→Tom said the plane takes off at 6:30 a.m.⑤谓语中含有would,should,might,must,used to,had,hetter等eg .Tony said ,”Y ou should get up early.”→Tony said we should get uo early.Unit 2直接引语和间接引语(Ⅱ)一.直接引语为祈使句,变成间接引语时,常构成简单句型,可以按下列结构进行变化1.当祈使句表示要求和命令时,变间接引语常采用tell/command/order sb to do sth 的形式eg .”Hurry up .“He said .→He told me to hurry up.2.当祈使句表示请求时,变间接引语常采用ask/request/beg sb to do sth的形式eg .He said,”Please don’t be late.”→He asked me not to be late.二.句型变化注意事项1.直接引语中的呼语是祈使的对象,改为间接引语时常做引述动词的宾语.如原句中没有呼语,通常要加上宾语me,him,us等eg .He said,”Go and tell her,Jim.”→He asked Jim to go and tell her.2.直接引语中如果有客气的please或表示强调的助动词do,改为间接引语时必须去掉eg .He said to me,”Sit down,please.”→He asked me to sit down.Unit 3将来时1.be + v-ing 表将来时,当句子涉及确切的计划,明确的意图和为将来安排好的活动时,可用进行时表将来时。

人教版高中英语必修一知识点+语法总结(全面)

人教版高中英语必修一知识点+语法总结(全面)

高一主要语法点人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship一、重点短语through 经历,经受 get through 通过;完成;接通电话2. set down 记下,放下 3. a series of 一系列4. on purpose 有目的的5. in order to 为了6. at dusk 傍晚,黄昏时刻7. face to face 面对面8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加(某个活动); take part in 参加(活动) join 加入(组织,团队,并成为其中一员)10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多(后接不可数n.) much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到… 才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做… 并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为… make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事二、语法----直接引语和间接引语概念:直接引语:直接引述别人的原话。

一般前后要加引号。

间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。

间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。

例:Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.”Mr. Black said that he was busy.变化规则(一)陈述句的变化规则直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that(可省略)引导,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。

人教版高中英语必修第一册第二册语言知识点总结

人教版高中英语必修第一册第二册语言知识点总结

必修第一册Welcome unit1.exchange sth.for sth.以……交换/兑换……2.exchange some pounds for dollars.把一些英镑兑换美元3.exchange sth with sb 与某人交换某物exchange views with them与他们交流观点.in exchange for 作为对……的交换或替换I gave Mary an apple in exchange for my favorite banana.我送给玛丽一个苹果交换我最喜欢吃的香蕉。

4.by design/chance=on purpose 故意地;蓄意地5.anxious adj.焦虑的;不安的anxiety n.忧虑;担心;渴望anxiously adv.焦虑地6.be anxious for/about为……担心/担忧be anxious to do sth渴望做某事7.with anxiety焦虑地,焦急地8.Be annoyed with sb.生某人的气9.impress v.使铭记impression n.印象impressive adj.给人印象深刻的10.leave/make a/an ...impression on sb.给某人留下一个...的印象11.be impressed by/with... 对……印象深刻12.impress sth on/upon sb=impress sb with sth 使某人牢记某事13.Our teacher impressed the importance of learning English on/upon us=Our teacher impressed us with the importance of learning English well.老师要我们牢牢记住学好英语的重要性。

14.what if...表示“要是……会怎么样呢?”相当于What will/would happen if...?15.be frightened to do... 害怕做…….frighten sb into doing sth 吓得某人做某事16.leave...alone不打扰17.be confident in/about=have confidence in/about对...有信心:18.look forward to doing sth.期望做某事19.be curious about sth.对...感到好奇20.Be curious to do sth.极想做某事21.Out of curiosity出于好奇心Unit1 teenage life1.prefer vt.较喜欢(preferred,preferring)preference n.偏爱,优先选择①宁愿做A而不做Bprefer to do A rather than do B=prefer doing A to doing B=would do A rather than do B=would rather do A than do BEg.我宁愿做作业也不看电视I prefer to do homework rather than watch TV=I prefer doing homework to watching TV=I would do homework rather than watch TV=I would rather do homework than watch TV②喜欢A多于B Prefer A to B.2.be suitable for sth. 对……适合的be suitable to do sth适合做某事3.be content to do sth满意做某事4.feel/be content with对……感到满意5.clean up 打扫(或清除)干净6.sign up for报名参加(课程)7.get/be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事8.uesd to do sth.过去常常做某事9.be/get confused about sth.对……感到困惑10.g et confused 迷惑的11.c onfuse A with/and B 把A与B混淆12.r ecommend sb sth=recommend sth to sb向某人推荐某物13.r ecommend/suggest/advise that sb (should) do sth=recommend/advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事14.r ecommend/suggest doing sth 建议做某事15.q uit doing sth.停止做某事quit smoking.戒烟16.b e responsible for=take responsibility for 对……负责17.a sense of responsibility责任感18.f ocus /concentrate on doing sth.集中精力做某事19.b e scheduled to do sth.按照计划做某事20.M ake the team加入团队21.22.19Unit 2 travelling around1.apply for申请apply for a visa 申请签证。

人教版新课标高中英语必修二 Unit 1 知识点明细

人教版新课标高中英语必修二 Unit 1 知识点明细

人教版新课标高中英语必修二Unit 1 知识点明细Unit 1Cultural relicsPart 11. have to 强调客观条件的制约而“不得不”。

must 表主观上认为“必须”否定形式是don’t have to和needn’t,不必。

mustn’t是禁止。

2. rare 珍贵的, 稀有的Snow is quite rare in this area。

rarely与hardly, seldom位于句首时,句子用部分倒装语序。

Rarely do we see them nowadays.Hardly had he got home when he began to cook.3. survive survival n. 生存,幸存;survivor n. 幸存者,生还者vi.活下来,幸存Of the 6 people injured in the crash, only 2 survived.Vt. (1) survive sth.幸免于,经历...仍活着(2) survive sb by+时间.比...活得长The company managed to survive the crisis(危机)The old lady survived her husband by ten years.4.in search of =in the/one’s search for 寻找search for 寻找search for my booksearch sb./sp for sth.搜查某人/某地以找到Scientists are in search of a cure for the disease.in need of 需要in favor of 支持in terms of在…方面;就…而言in view of 鉴于,考虑到in danger of 处于危险中in fear of唯恐in case of 以防in charge of 掌管,负责in place of 取代,代替in praise of 为了表扬in memory of为了纪念in honor of 为了纪念;为了庆祝;为了表示敬意5. amaze ( amazing , amazed, amazement) vt.使吃惊sth amaze sb→sb be amazed by/at/with sthto one’s amazement look at sb in amazement【比较】surprise , astonish , amaze6. design vt.design sth for sb→sth be designed for sb为…而设计/准备,打算用作be designed to do ... 目的是by design=on purpose故意(反)by chance/accident偶然地The experiment is designed to test the new drug.The films designed for adults aren’t fit for children.7. fancy (1).adj. 别致的,奇特的These clothes are too fancy for me.(2). vt. 想象,设想;爱好fancy doing sthI can’t fancy h is doing such a thing.Do you fancy a glass of coffee? I don’t fancy walking in the rain.(3).n. 喜爱have a fancy for 爱上…,对…入迷8. decorate vt. 装饰,装潢,点缀,装点decoration n.decorate sth with… 用...装点.→be decorated withThe students are decorating their classroom with flowers and balloons.The classroom is decorated with flowers and balloons.9. jewel 【C.】a jewel 一件珠宝,引申为“受重视的人或物”jewellery 【U.】a piece of jewellery 一件首饰10. belong to 不用于进行时态和被动语态,作定语用v-ingbelongings n. 财产,所有物Put the book back where it belongsOur headmaster keeps telling us that the future ____ the well-prepared.A. belongs toB. is belonged toC. is belonging toD. will be belonged toAs is known to us all, America is a developed country___ the First World. A. belonging B. belonged C. belonging to D. belonged to11. in return/reward for作为...对回报in turn依次,轮流= by turns;转而,反过来Can I buy you lunch in return for your help?Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.12. at war 在战争中,交战中at表状态The two countries have been at war for 5 years.at peace/at work/ at play /at school/at table /at breakfast/Part 21. remove the mountain / hat / sb’s doubts / be removed from office(school)移走;脱去;消除;免职,离去I can’t _____ the dirty points from my shirt.2. less than少于rather than而不是more than超过,不仅仅,非常other than除了There is nobody here other than me.The teacher, rather than his students, has been invited.3 doubt n. / vt. 怀疑,疑惑beyond / without doubt 无疑地;必定I doubt whether / if he will comeThere is no doubt that he is right. / I don’t doubt that…There is some doubt whether it is true. (同位语从句)There is no chance/possibility that…不可能There is no need to do…没必要There is no point/sense in doing sth没有意义4. remain link.v 保持是,仍是remain silent/a farmer/ seated/sitting/at homesth remains to be done.It remains to be seen whether her colleagues will agreevi. 剩下,留下remaining /left 剩下的the remaining money / the money leftkeep /remain /staykeep 对原状态的继续和维持keep quiet/keep calm/keep healthy/fit remain周围事物离开或发生变化后,主语仍停留或保持某状态stay 处于静止状态stay awake /stay still5. the former view/boss the former…the latter…前者…后者Of the two plans the latter is better than the former6. be (well) worth n / doing (主动表被动)be worthy of n / of being done /to be doneIt is worthwhile +to do sth. / doing sth.The book is worth reading. The place is worthy of a visit. The book is worthy of being read. The book is worthy to be read. This is a house worth $50,000.7. local adj./n.=native 本地的;本地人8. apart adv.分离,不在一起;相隔/距We are living apart now. The two houses are 500 meters apart. take apart拆开/卸tell apart 辨别,区分apart from 除…之外put/set sb apart from sb 使…显得优越或独特The little boy took the clock apart to find out how it worked.His use of language sets him apart from other modern writers.9. prove+ n./ clause/sb (to be)adj./n vt.We have proved our courage in battle. He proved himself to be honest.Franklin’s experiment proved that lightning and electricity are the same.link. v+ (to be) + adj. /n.结果是,证明是What he said proved (to be) right.=turn out10. evidence Un.证据,证词;痕迹,迹象; 明显/白It is evident/clear/obvious that…很显然11. trial n.审判;试验be on trial在试验/审判中trial and error 反复试验,不断摸索undergo(stand)trial受审判12. agree with + sb./sb’s words/what sb. said/sb’opinionagree to+ plan /arrangement /decisionagree on在某方面达成一致The damp weather doesn’t agree with me.13. think(speak) highly/well/much of 高度评价think badly/poorly/little/ill of 对…评价低think nothing of it别在意/客气,没什么(交际);不把…当一回事,觉得…无所谓She thinks nothing of walking thirty miles a day.14. debate vt./vi./n. under debate/hold a debatedebate with sb about sth.Part 3 Summing Up【词汇】rare valuable survive dynasty amaze amazing select design fancy style decorate jewel artist belong troop reception remove wooden doubt former worth local apart painting castle trial evidence explode entrance sailor informal debate【重点词组】in search of belong to in returnless than at war take apart think highly of【语法】定语从句(Ⅲ)1.限制性定语从句In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.This was a time when the two countries were at war.2.非限制性定语从句This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.。

人教版本高中高一英语必修二学习知识点归纳与总结计划.docx

人教版本高中高一英语必修二学习知识点归纳与总结计划.docx

高一英语必修二知识点归纳Unit1 Cultural relicsin search of 找,求survive vi. 幸存,生n. 幸存者survivor3. be decorated with被用·来装decorate sth with sth用某物装某物4.belong to 属于,是⋯的成 , 是⋯的成部分 ,属性 , 能等5.serve as 担任,充当6.in return 作回 , 作回in return of作⋯的回7. 定从句修the way 的关系代可用that / in which /不填light 照亮,点亮light-lit-lit或light-lighted-lighted9. there is no doubt that毫无疑⋯⋯⋯10. be worth sth. 得⋯be (well) worth doing sth. 很得做⋯11. be at war 于争状 ,交12. remain vi.留下,剩下,残留+doing link-v.保持,仍然,+adj.Unit 2 The Olympic Games1. ancient:古代的---反present-day 当今的3. take part (in) 参加,参与(活) =join intake an active part in 极参⋯与⋯⋯4. used to do 去常常做...be/get used to (doing) sth.于be used to do被用来做5.every four years = every fourth year 每四年或每隔四年6.admit+ doing 承做某事be admitted as 被接“受⋯⋯成”7. for the honor of 了⋯的荣誉in the honor of 祝⋯/ 念8. allow sb. to do sth.允某人做某事allow doing sth.允做某事9.not only ⋯ but also不但⋯⋯⋯而且10.也“” as well用在肯定句中,放在句末too 肯定句中用 ,放在句末,常用逗号隔开either 否定句中用,放句末,常用逗号隔开also 放在特殊之后,之前Unit 3 Computers3.“多久才” It took/was+ 一段 +before Ittakes /will be+ 一段 +beforeIt takes/took sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人⋯⋯去做某事4.work as 担任;以⋯身份而工作5. from then on从那起from now on从在起6.by 介,“不于,到⋯⋯ 止”常用于完成。

人教版高一英语必修二知识点归纳与总结

人教版高一英语必修二知识点归纳与总结

高一英语必修二知识点归纳11.寻找,寻求2. . 幸存,生还n. 幸存者3.被用······来装饰用某物装饰某物4. 属于,是…的成员, 是…的组成部分,属性, 职能等5. 担任,充当6. 作为回报, 作为回馈作为…的回报7. 定语从句修饰的关系代词可用 / / 不填8.照亮,点亮或9. … 毫无疑问……10. . 值得…() .很值得做…11.处于战争状态,交战12. . 留下,剩下,残留. 保持,仍然,继续. 21. : 古代的反义词当今的2. . 和…竞争在……中竞争. 为……而竞争n. 比赛3. () 参加,参与(活动)…积极参与……4. 过去常常做...() . 习惯于被用来做5. = 每四年或每隔四年6. 承认做某事“被接受……成为”7. 为了…的荣誉为庆祝…/为纪念8. . . 允许某人做某事. 允许做某事9. … … 不但……而且10. “也” 用在肯定句中,放在句末肯定句中用,放在句末,常用逗号隔开否定句中用,放句末,常用逗号隔开放在特殊动词之后,实义动词之前31. . 普通的,常见的 n. 普通;平民a 有……共同之处2. …把……与……相比较把……比作……3. “多久才” 一段时间一段时间. . 花费某人……时间去做某事4.担任;以…身份而工作5. 从那时起从现在起6. 介词,“不迟于,到……为止” 常用于完成时态。

时间点“自从…以来”7. 随着时间流逝8. a 结果9.…如此…以致10. . (n)+单数可数名词句子a(n)+ 单数可数名词句子11..“单独的” . 单独;独自地(客观).“孤独的”、“偏僻的” (主观)12. “还有”、“不但…而且…”“也”13. = 充满;装满14. a 在某种程度上15. 编造,补足,化妆16. 毕竟17. 在…的帮助下41. 灭亡;逐渐消失2. 和平地;安详地;和睦地3. () 在危险中,垂危4. 如释重负5.突然笑起来6.保护……不受……(危害)7.注意8. 形成;产生9.毫不留情地10.对……作出回答51. () . 梦想;幻想2. / 假装做某事3.说实话. 对某人坦白. 坦白承认4. … 认为有(重要性、意义);附上;连接5.养成……的习惯6. 侧重表演的能力、技巧或效果;主语可以是人或动物侧重“扮演、担任”某一角色,侧重于动作,主语通常是人。

高中英语新人教版知识点整理(必修一+必修二)(分单元编排)

高中英语新人教版知识点整理(必修一+必修二)(分单元编排)

高中英语必修一知识点整理U1Teenager life【四会词汇】volunteer /debate/prefer/content/challenge/confusing/recommend/advanced/obviously/solution/focus/schedule/quitfluent/responsible...【词组】be addicted to /sign up (for)/focus on /attract sb.to sth.be scheduled to do sth./a solution to …/have/take responsibility forbe responsible for sb/It is obvious that…/in advance/advanced technology/recommend sb. as.../recommend sb. to do sthprefer to do…rather than do/........【句型句式】1.so that引导目的状语从句2.Studying hard isn't always fu n…动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式3.在it作形式主语的句子中,真正的主语可以是不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句4.make+宾语+宾语补足语【语法】名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语U2 Travelling around【四会词汇】contact/apply /amazing /amazed /unique/destination/arrangement /extremely/narrow/accommodation /admire /official /comment//credit/request /visa/economic/transport hike/tomb /unearth...【词组】apply for /Check out/Other than /in my view/put up/put down/put offBe based on/Make up/Be requested to do/credit card/lose one’s sight/comment on arrange for sb. to do sth/be recognized as/admire sb.for( doing)sth/.make contact with sb....【句型句式】1.as引导的时间状语从句2.until作介词和连词的用法3.现在分词(短语)作结果状语4.which引导的非限制性定语从句【语法】现在进行时表示将来U3 Sports and fitness【四会词汇】fitness /event /ski /host /track /sweat/legend/honour/determination /injure compete /pretend/audience/error/positive/championship /negative/pressure/cheat/legendgraceful /rather ....【词组】make it/make a difference/even if/though、fair play/compare…with/fall apartIn honor of/ give up/in the way/ by the way /fall down /speak highly of sb.../.come along...【句型句式】1.提建议常用句型Why not do sth.?2.here/there/now/then引起的完全倒装句3. even if/though 引导让步状语从句【语法】反义疑问句U4 Natural Disasters【四会词汇】disasters/rescue/ damage /destroy/affect /shelter /crack /shockTrap/bury/revive/unify/context/supply/emergency // summary ...【词组】it strikes sb. that…某人突然想到/crash into撞到……上/as usual和往常一样as if似乎;好像;仿佛/the number of……的数量/nothing but只有……/blow…away把……刮走、in the open air露天;在户外/on hand现有(尤指帮助)/carry out执行过着……的生活、out of gratitude出于感激....【句型句式】1.as if/though 引导的从句2.Leave +宾语+宾补【语法】限定性定语从句--关系代词U5 Languages around the world【四会词汇】native/attitude/despite/based /variety/major /regard /appreciatestruggle /equal/demand /description /relate ...【词组】refer to提及/date back(to...)追溯(到……)/point of view 观点/the attitude to/towards ……对……的态度/pay attention to /be of great importance /be known for/lead to /be connected with /play a...role in /be senior to / compare...with...aside from ...【句型句式】1.This/That is/was a time when...这是一个……的时期2.no matter+特殊疑问词(如who/what/where/when等)”均可引导让步状语从句3.as 引导状语从句,意为“随着”4.the+比较级, the+比较级越……,就越……5.动词+疑问词+to do 结构【语法】关系副词when/where/why引导的定语从句高中英语必修二知识点整理U1 Culturalheritage【四会词汇】preserve,application,balance,protest,likely, limit,prevent,loss,contribution,issue,conduct,donate,disappear,attempt,worthwhile,professional,forgive,quality,comparison,contrast.....【词组】take part in, give way to, keep balance,lead to,make a proposal, turn to,prevent...from, donate...to...等【句型句式】as 引导状语从句Not only 倒装句It ‘s said/reported that ........【语法】限制性定语从句“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句U2 wildlife protection【四会词汇】concern vt.使忧虑/intend/remind v. 提醒,使某人想起/measure n. & v.searchv. 寻找/immediately adv.立刻/species n.物种./extinction n.灭绝/habitat n.(动植物的)生活环境;栖息地/average n.平均数/authority n.官方;当权/reserve.....【词组】be concerned with ...与……有关/die out灭绝/intend to do/doing sth.打算做某事take measures (to do sth.)“采取措施(做某事/measure sb./sth. against sb./sth.将……与……作比较/a mass of/ masses of 大片的/adopt to 收养/on average平均/.aware of 意识到...【句型句式】1.that引导定语从句2.Only前置,句子进行部分倒装3.for作为并列连词表示原因,用来引出并列分句,解释说话人为什么会说前面的话【语法】现在进行时的被动语态If 引导的真实条件状语从句一般现在时的被动语态U3 The internet【四会词汇】blogger/stuck/privacy/troll/cyberbully/embarrassing/define/blog/blog postChat/search engine/software/network/surf/charity/province/resident/ batteryButton/click/file/database/guideline....【词组】the global village/ raise money/online safety/ go through/a search engine/ a fitness planstream movies copy the file/look up information/ take steps/a nonsense name /bank accountthe key information get in shape/follow the rules/ stay safe/catch one’s attention /a thing or twowait in line/give out/develop an illness/ make trouble....【句型句式】“now that”经常用于句首,表示提醒他人注意,翻译成“因为”no matter+特殊疑问词”形成的连词可以引导让步状语从句【语法】现在完成时的被动语态U4 History and traditions【四会词汇】county/snack/roll/pub/wine/beer/military/landscape /cattle/nearby/oceanMansion/cemetery/descendant/heel/chief/puzzle/currency/conquer/fascinating/court yard/feastDot/roar/scent/stew/sensory/striking/Transition.....【词组】well-organized很有条理的/break away from摆脱,脱离/historic buildings历史建筑take over/接管/cultural traditions文化传统/as well as也,和/a scent of一种…味道keep your eyes open关注/as to至于/date back to 追溯到/through the history在历史上get charged充电/chief advantages主要优点/The amount of …的数量........【句型句式】“it”做形式主语,“to do”不定式做真正主语的句式结构过去分词,作为修饰语,起补充说明作用【语法】过去分词作定语和定语补足语U5 Music【四会词汇】composition/virtual/opportunity/enable/original/previous/phenomenon/Capable/relief/impact/aim/assume/addition/satisfaction/various/....【词组】absorbed in sth/ set sth up /fall in love 爱上/reflect on认真思考/be aimed to do sth. 目标在于/in addition to 除…之外/heart and soul 全心全意地/enable sb, to do sth.使某人能够做某事/in reaction to sth. 对…的反应/be equipped with 配有/have animpact\effect\influence on/...【句型句式】As it turned out,....../As is mentioned above,....It’s my honour to.......【语法】过去分词作表语和状语。

人教版高中英语必修一Unit1-Unit2重点单词短语句型必背必测(包含答案)

人教版高中英语必修一Unit1-Unit2重点单词短语句型必背必测(包含答案)

人教版高中英语必修一Unit1-Unit2重点单词短语句型必背必测(包含答案)高一必修一单元基础过关Unit 1 Friendship 必背重点单词upset adj.心烦意乱的,不安的vt. (upset,upset)使不安,使心ignore vt.不理睬,忽视calm vt. vi.(使)平静,(使)镇定adj.平静的,镇静的concern vt.(使)担忧,关系到n.关心,关注loose adj.松的,松开的Germa n adj.德国的,德国人的n.德国人,德语series n.连续,系列outdoors adv.在户外,在野外outdoor adj .户外的反义词:in doors adv.在户内in door adj.户内的dusk n.黄昏,傍晚反义词:daw n n.黎明重点短语add up合计,加起来add up to 总计add to增添calm (…)down (使)平静下来have got to不得不;必须be concerned about 关心,挂念walk the dog 遛狗go through 经历be concerned about 关心,挂念be concerned with 与................. 有关set down 写下,记下,放下 a series of 一连串的,一系歹U on purpose 故意thu nder n.,雷声,雷vi .打雷,雷鸣en tire adj.整个的,全部的en tirely adv.完全地,整个地power n .能力,力量,权力,电力curtai n n.窗帘,门帘,幕布dusty adj.积满灰尘的dust n.灰尘part ner n.伙伴,合作者,合伙人exactly adv.确实如此,正是,确切地disagree vi.不同意grateful adj.感激的,表示谢意的dislike vt.不喜欢,厌恶tip n .尖,尖端,小费,提示,建议sec on dly adv .第二,其次swap vt.交换item n.项目,条款in order to 为了.....at dusk在黄昏时刻face to face面对面地no Ion ger/ not … any Ion g不再•…be crazy about 对...... 迷恋get along with与...... 相处,进展fall in love相爱,爱上fall in love with 爱上....................disagree with 不同意...... ,不适宜be grateful to sb .感激某人be grateful for sth.感激某事join in参加,加入(某项活动)ask for some advice 征求建议人教版高中英语必修一Unit1-Unit2重点单词短语句型必背必测(包含答案) have trouble with sth.有困难做某事have trouble (in) doing sth .有困难做某事重点句型1.While walk ing the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.当遛狗时,你是粗心的,它松开了并被汽车撞了。

人教版高中英语必修二知识点归纳总结

人教版高中英语必修二知识点归纳总结

高一英语Book 2 Unit 1 Cultural relics1.survive幸免;幸存;生还(survival幸存,survivor幸存者)2。

in search of 寻找(介词短语)search for sth 寻找(动词短语)search sb/ sp 搜身/搜某地3。

to one's amazement 令人惊讶的是(amazed感到惊讶的, amazing令人惊讶的)4.select 精选,choose 普通选择,elect 选举5.be designed for sb/sth计划或打算给某人/某物用be designed to do sth设计目的是做某事by design=on purpose 有意地(by chance/ accident偶然/意外地)6。

fancy奇特的;异样的;想象/喜欢(+doing)7。

decorate sth with sth 用。

装饰。

be decorated with 被…装饰;8。

belong to属于不用于被动结构、完成时和进行时态9.worth值得的;相当于……的价值;值钱的be +worth +doing (主动形式表被动含义)It is really/well/very much worth doing.be worthy of being done= be worthy of to be doneIt is worthwhile doing/to do10。

doubt怀疑;疑惑There is no doubt that.。

.毫无疑问..。

.doubt 作动词时,用在肯定句中通常后面接whether或if引导的名词性从句,在否定或疑问句中通常后接that引导的名词性从句She doubted whether/if the story was true。

; Do you doubt that he can do the work well?11。

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人教版新课标高中英语必修一至必修二复习归纳新课标高中英语2010-08-28 11:30:31 阅读243 评论0 字号:大中小订阅必修一Unit 1 Friendship1.基础梳理point upset ignore calm down cheat list share a series of crazy purpose dare thunder entire(~ly)trust according to power suffer recover suitcase situation disagree be concerned about walk the dog set down face to face be/get tired of get along with fall in love make a list communicate with 2.词语归纳1)add vt/vi加;添加;增添add up合计加起来,但在口语中有时用于否定句,表示“莫名其妙,不说明问题”。

add up to 总计共达,所有一切都说明,总而言之。

add sth(to sth)把……加到……里去。

add to 增加,扩建。

add 表示“继续说,补充说”。

区别add和increaseadd意思是“加,增加”,强调添加。

或者表示将数字加起来求和。

increase“增加”,表示在数量,产量,尺寸,程度等方面的增加。

2)cheat v 欺骗;作弊n 骗子;作弊者;骗人的事cheat sb of sth cheat sth out of sb 从某人处欺诈某物cheat on/at/in 作弊,欺诈3)list v 将事物列于表上;编事物的目录n 名单;目录;一览表make a list of 造表,列……表take…off the list 从表上去掉……stand first on the list 居首位,列前茅as listed above 如上所列3)shareshare in 分享,分担,共用share sth with sb 和某人共用/共享某事物share out 分配,分发;得到股息,升股息share(n.)in/of 一分,部分4)trust vi/vt 信任,信赖;依赖trust in 相信,信任,信仰trust to 依靠(运气等),依赖trust that… 希望,想5)suffer vt/vi 遭受,受到,蒙受;受痛苦,受折磨,受惩罚,受损伤suffer from 受……伤害;患……病痛注意:suffer 和suffer from 都不能用于被动语态6)calm vt/vi/adj. 使平静;使镇定。

平静的,镇静的,沉着的。

calm down 平静下来,镇定下来quite指人对外界事物感触的安静。

对人时,侧重不激动,平静温和,不发表意见。

still指完全没有声音或者没有动静,突然静止不动。

silent主要指人不爱说话,沉默不语。

7)concernbe concerned about 担心,关心as/so far as…be concerned 关于,至于,就某人而言have no concern for 毫不关心concern oneself in/with/about sth 忙于,从事;关心,关切have a concern in 和……有厉害关系be concerned in/with 参与,与……有关8)separate v/adj 分开,和……分手;单独的,分开的,不同的separate…from 使……和……分离9)reasonlose one‟s reason 失去理智,发狂by reason of 由于bring sb to reason 说服某人理智些within reason 合理without reason 不合理listen to reason 听从道理reason sb into/out of sth 以理说服某人做/不做某事10)powerbeyond /out of one‟s power 力所不及的,不能胜任的=not within one‟s powerin power 当权的,握有政权的come into power掌权,得势11)habitform / make a habit of doing=make it a habit to do sth 养成做某事的习惯be in the habit of 有……的习惯fall/get into a habit of 沾染(养成)……习惯break(off)a habit=get out a habit 戒除一种习惯form good habits 养成良好的习out of habit 出于习惯12)according to为介词短语,后跟名词,代词,不能很从句,表示“根据;按照;试……而定”。

according to其后引出的信息应来自别人或者别处,不能来自说话者自己。

according to其后不能跟opinion,view等名词。

according as 相当于连词,后跟从句,意为“正像,根据,按照,如果”。

13)join in区别join;join in;take part in;attendjoin 参加某个组织或者团体(党派,军队等)<ps:这些名词前面要加定冠词>,并且成为其中的一员。

join in 参加正在进行着的活动,如游戏,讨论,辩论,谈话等。

take part in 参加会议或者群众性的活动,并且在其中法会一定的作用。

attend 参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、上课、上学、听报告等。

重在强调“参与”的动作,不强调参加者的作用。

14)dare作实意动词有人称和数的变化,也有时态的变化;作情态动词,用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中,有时态的变化,但是没有人称和数的变化。

①在肯定据中的dare,dares,dared之后,不定式一遍加to。

②在否定句中和疑问句中的dare之后,不定时一般不加to。

③在用do或者does构成的否定句和疑问句中,理论上虽然应该有to,实际使用却经常把to 省略。

I dare say…我敢打赌说……15)go through 经历;经受;通过考试;经过;审阅;检查go with 伴随,与……协调go up 上升;建起;上涨go over检查,审查;复习,重温go out 熄灭;公布;播出go ahead 进行,进展;(with)赞同go into从事,参加(某一行业);调查16)get along with 同……相处;进展get away 离开;逃避get back 回来;拿回get down 拿下;写下get in 进入;收获get down to 开始认真做……get on/off 上/下车get over 克服;战胜get across 被理解get through 完成;通过;接通电话get up 起床get it 明白,理解;猜中17)with复合结构,也可以叫做独立主格结构,在格式上没有谓语动词,在句中常作状语,表示伴随,原因,方式,条件等。

①with+名词+介词短语。

在句中作状语,作后置定语。

②with+名词/代词+过去分词。

其中过去分词表示被动或者完成了的动作。

③with+名词/代词+现在分词。

其中现在分词表示主动或者正在进行的动作。

④with+名词/代词+不定式。

其中不定式表示将要发生的动作。

⑤with+名词/代词+形容词。

18)no longer=not…any longer 表示不再继续或者再现过去某一时刻发生或存在而一直延续的动作/状态时,常用于过去时、现在时或者将来时的句子中。

no more=not…any more 表示再也不重复过去反复发生的动作时,常用于过去时或者将来时的句子中。

When he saw the toy,the baby cried no longer.当看到玩具时,那婴儿不再哭了。

Now she wasn‟t afraid any more..现在她再也不害怕了。

19)①settle down to 决心去做……,专心去做…… settle on/upon 决定……,选定……②have trouble with 使伤脑筋,苦恼;跟某人闹别扭ask for trouble 自讨苦吃be in trouble 在困境中,有纠纷get sb into trouble 陷入困境make trouble 惹麻烦put sb to trouble 麻烦某人take the trouble to do 费力做3.语法直接引语变为间接引语(注意:变化时句子一定为陈述句语序。

)人称的变化①直接引语中主语第一人称或者被第一人称所修饰,人称要与“讲话人”的人称一致。

②直接引语的第二人称,或者被第二人称所修饰,人称要与“听话人”的人称一致。

③直接引语中的第三人称不变化。

“一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更改”。

二、时态的变化直接引语——间接引语一般现在时——一般过去时一般过去时——过去完成时现在进行时——过去进行时现在完成时——过去完成时过去完成时——过去完成时一般将来时——过去将来时时态不变化的情况:①直接引语是客观真理。

②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。

③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。

④直接引语如果是一般现在时。

表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。

⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:ought to,had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:could, should, would, might)不再变。

Unit2 English around the world1.基础梳理voyage conquer native apartment modern actually present vocabulary usage governme nt fluently latter enrich command request recognize accent identityplay a role in come up such as even if base on make use of by the 1600‟s more than2.词语归纳1)includeinclude是及物动词,后跟名词,代词或者动名词作宾语,或者跟宾语+介词短语等。

including通常为介词,相当于having(sb/sth)as a part,包括(某人某物)在内,可与过去分词included互换。

2)present作形容词,若表示“在场的,出席的”通常用作标标语或者后置定语;若表示“现在的,现有的”,通常用作前置定语。

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