翻译 英译中
汉译英中的词语翻译
汉译英中的词语翻译“No brick, no construction; no word no composition.”“无砖不成房，无词不成章。
” （译文）“千里之行，始于足下；翻译万卷，始于一词。
”不管是汉英还是英汉翻译，都必须从大处着眼，小处着手，即表达时词汇的处理入手，由词到句，由句到段，由段到章，也就是遣词造句，谋篇布局。
词语的翻译涉及到许多方面的问题，其中最根本的一条是译词的选择，要探讨这个问题，首先让我们看一下英汉词汇在词义上的对应关系，根据英汉词汇在意义上的对应程度，大致可以归纳为：一、完全对应(主要是一些专有名词，术语，客观事物)天空sky; 眼睛eye；湖泊lake；婴儿baby；广播讲话radio address；尾灯tail light；综合国力overall national strength；民族尊严national dignity二、包含关系(汉语词语的意义包含在英语词语中或者英语的意义包含在汉语词语中)1）英语的意义包含在汉语词语中：穿（衣服）：wear/put on借：borrow; lend;主人：master/owner/host;地毯：carpet/rug;货：goods; merchandise（泛指货物；）products; cargo; freight; shipment;e.g.华侨=overseas Chinese?“华侨”（《辞海》）：“侨居国外的具有中国国籍的人，不包括出国旅行、访问的人员，政府派在他国协助建设的工人和技术人员，国家派驻外国的公务人员和在国外学习的留学生。
已经加入或取得外国国籍的中国血统的人是外国公民（亦称中国血统外籍人），不是华侨”。
“Chinese” (Webster) : a native of China or a descendant of the people of China. 2）汉语词语的意义包含在英语词语中例：英语中的audience 包括了汉语的：“听众”、“观众”、“读者”；英语的marry包含了汉语的：“娶，嫁”；英语的cousin包含了汉语的：“堂兄”、“堂弟”、“堂姐”、“堂妹”、“表兄”、“表弟”、“表姐”、“表妹”；英语中的thick / thin可以表示“厚薄”、“粗细”、“稠稀”、“浓密/稀疏”三、语义空缺由于社会文化的差异，汉语中有些词语的词义在英语中没有表达这种词义的词语，反之亦然。
英语课后翻译题
4. 他没有告诉任何人就走了，因为他不想卷入那件事。(get involved in)
He went away without telling anyone, because he didn’t want5. 最终，产品的成功还是取决于高明的销售手段 (marketing)。(ultimately)
3. 多一个人参会对会议安排不会有什么影响。(make a difference)
One more person wouldn’t make any difference to the meeting arrangements.
4. 他一直工作到昨天深夜，或者更确切地说，是到今天凌晨。(rather)
英译中
1.Life is just a candle and a dream must give it flame
生活只是一根蜡烛用你的梦想能让它点燃
2.Whenever we believe we can, we set the switch to on
任何当我们意识到我们能行的时候，你实际上已经开始了
If your father were still alive, he would be very proud of you.
3. 她开车转弯上了自家的车道 (driveway)，不料发现路已被堵塞 (block)。(only to)
She turned up the driveway, only to find her way blocked.
1. 并不是我不喜欢那个工作，而是我没有时间去做。(not that ? but that)
Not that I dislike that job, but that I have no time to do it.
新视野大学英语第三版读写 教程book3 课后翻译英汉互译
expectation since modem times. It basically means achieving prosperity for the country, renewal of the nation and happiness for the people, thus ensuring that every enterprising Chinese carries, generation after generation, the firm conviction that a better life is accomplished through persistent effort. People should achieve their prosperity through diligence, courage, creativity and determination instead of aid from society or other people. Each individual is a participant and a designer in the cause of realizing the Chinese Dream, for it is a dream not only for the entire nation but also for every Chinese.
青年创业（young entrepreneurship）是未来国家经济活力的来 源，创业者的成功不但会创造财富、增加就业机会、改善大家 的生活，从长远来看，对于国家更是一件好事，创业者正是让 中国经济升级换代的力量。尤其是在当前，国家鼓励大众创 业、万众创新，在政策上给予中小企业支持，这更加激发了年 轻人的创业热情。 Keys：Nowadays, many young people no longer choose "stable" jobs. Instead, they prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts. Young entrepreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future. The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves people's life, but it is also good for the country in the long term. Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading China's economy. Especially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their own businesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses. This further arouses young people's enthusiasm to start their own businesses.
中英互译中有哪些常见的问题或挑战？
中英互译中有哪些常见的问题或挑战？一、语言差异导致词义的歧义性中英两种语言在词义上存在着极大的差异，这就导致了互译过程中产生词义的歧义性。
在中文中，有些词语含义十分丰富，一个词可以表达多种意思。
而在英文中，每个词往往只具有一种明确的意义。
因此，当我们进行中英互译时，就会经常出现一词多义或一义多词的问题。
解决办法：1. 了解被翻译语言的语音体系、语法规则和语义特点，准确抓住词义的核心。
2. 结合上下文和语境，灵活地选择合适的翻译词汇，以确保翻译的准确性和流畅性。
二、文化差异造成习语和俚语的翻译难题中英之间的习语和俚语存在着巨大的文化差异，这就给中英互译带来了很大的难题。
习语和俚语是一个民族的文化的体现，其中蕴含着丰富的文化内涵和情感色彩。
因此，要想将其准确翻译出来，就需要对两种语言的文化有深入的了解。
解决办法：1. 通过学习目标语言的语言背景和文化背景，了解其习语和俚语的使用场景和寓意。
2. 运用类比和类推的方法，将原文的习语和俚语翻译成目标语言中等效的表达方式，以保持原文的意义和风格。
三、语法结构的不同导致句子翻译的困难中英两种语言的语法结构存在着很大的差异，这导致了在句子翻译中的困难。
中文注重整体的逻辑关系和上下文的连贯性，而英文更加注重句子的时态和语态。
因此，在进行中英互译时，需要根据两种语言的特点和语法结构进行灵活调整。
解决办法：1. 理解原文的表达意图，捕捉核心信息，并对其进行句法分析。
2. 根据目标语言的语法规则和习惯表达，进行合适的句法调整，保持句子的意义和语感。
四、文化价值和情感色彩的不同引发翻译误差中英两种语言所代表的文化价值观念和情感色彩存在着差异，这在翻译过程中容易引发误差。
某些词语或句子在一个语言中可能呈现积极或正面的意义，而在另一个语言中可能却呈现消极或负面的意义。
解决办法：1. 了解源语言和目标语言的文化背景，避免将文化误解带入翻译中。
2. 进行语境解释和适当注释，以准确传达原文的情感色彩和文化含义。
英汉翻译中的词序错位现象
英汉翻译中的词序错位现象（Different Word 0rders）总的来说，汉英的语序基本一致。
正是因为这种语序是基本一致的，在汉英翻译时不一致的地方就容易出差错。
由于两种语言文化的表达、表述的习惯不同，形成一些固定说法的格式不同，如下面的例子，翻译时只有死记硬背。
这种死记硬背非常重要，是翻译的重要基本功之一。
在过去的翻译书中技巧讲得很多，但也应该重视固定说法的背诵功底。
1、英汉词序错位例如：水火fire and water贫富rich and poor新旧old and new长短short and long细长long and thin男婴baby boy女婴baby girl冷热hot and cool凉爽nice and cool前后back and forth左右right and left软硬hard and soft轻重heavy and light晴雨rain or shine增损loss and gain水陆land and water饮食food and drink钢铁iron and steel死活life and death手臂arms and hands河流湖泊lakes and rivers山水waters and mountains中小型small and medium文艺art and literature衣食food and clothing唯一的one and the only同一的one and the same血肉flesh and blood此时此地here and now文武military and civilian三三两两in twos and threes敌我ourselves and the enemy物理化学chemistry and physics工农业agriculture and industry年月month and year田径（运动）track and field (events)迟早sooner or later，first and last水土流失soil erosion and water loss新郎新娘the bride and the bridegroom手疾眼快quick of eye and deft of hand喜怒哀乐anger, grief, joy and happiness水乳交融as well blended as milk and water2、有一些情况汉英说法顺序差不多例如：上下up and down高低high and low老幼old and young父母father and mother夫妇man and wife黑白black and white（生活）沉浮ups and downs彻头彻尾from head to foot来龙去脉from beginning to end来来往往come and go, back and forth3、汉语习语中常有同义重复表达。
翻译练习参考答(3班)1
翻译练习参考答案（3班）A.1.英译中Enchantment of the South Sea IslandsThe mighty Pacific washes the shores of five continents—North America, South America, Asia, Australia, and Antarctica. Its waters mingle in the southeast with the Atlantic Ocean and in the southwest with the Indian Ocean. It is not on the shores of the continents, nor in the costal islands, however, that the soul of the great Pacific is found. It lies far out where the fabled South Sea Islands are scattered over the huge ocean like stars in the sky.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. For hundreds of years tiny coral creatures have worked and died to make thousands of ring-shaped islands called atolls.The air that sweeps the South Sea Islands is fragrant with flowers and spice. Bright warm days follow clear cool nights, and the rolling swells break in a never-ending roar on the shores. Overhead the slender coconut palms whisper their drowsy song.迷人的太平洋诸岛太平洋气势磅礴，滚滚波涛拍打着五大洲海岸—北美洲、南美洲、亚洲、大洋洲和南极洲。
英语翻译中直译和意译
直译是基础，意译是补充能直译就尽量直译，不能直译就采取意译1. Their accent couldn‘t fool a native speaker. A. 他们的口音不能愚弄本地人B.本地人是不会听不出他们是外乡人的。
C.本地人一听他们的口音便知道他们是外乡人的。
2. Smashing a mirror is no way to make an ugly person beautiful ，nor is it a way to make social problems evaporate.意译：砸镜子并不能解决实际问题。
直译：砸镜子并不能使丑八怪变漂亮，也不能使社会问题烟消云散。
3.He felt a rush of fear churning his stomach.直译：他感到一阵恐惧涌上胃口意译：他感到一阵恐惧涌上心头4. He bent solely upon profit. A. 他只屈身与利润之前B.只有利润才使他低头。
C.他惟利是图5. Would there be any possibility of having breakfast on the train before we are decanted in Munich ？A.当我们在慕尼黑被腾出车厢之前有任何在火车上吃早饭的可能性吗？B.我们在慕尼黑被腾出车厢之前，有可能在火车上吃早饭吗？6. He had about as much chance of getting a job as of being chosen mayor of Chicago. A.他找到工作的机会和当选芝加哥市长的机会差不多B.他找到工作的机会简直跟当选芝加哥市长同样困难。
C.他找到工作的机会简直微乎其微。
正说与反说1.The administration was free corruption. 这届政府没有腐败现象2. Wet paint. 油漆未干3.I remained confused about the problem.这个问题我还是不懂4. They are dependent on each other.他们谁也离不开谁5. He is far from what I expected.他远不是我想象的那样。
翻译中英文互译的技巧和练习题及
翻译中英文互译的技巧和练习题及习题分析翻译中英文互译的技巧和练习题及习题分析中英文互译是语言学习中重要的一环，对于提高语言能力和跨文化交流起着关键作用。
本文将介绍一些翻译中英文互译的技巧，并提供一些练习题及分析，以帮助读者提升翻译能力。
一、技巧分享1. 优化词汇替换：在翻译过程中，总有一些词汇很难直译，这时我们可以通过寻找更准确的词汇来优化翻译。
例如，将“很高兴见到你”翻译成“Nice to meet you”，可以更准确地表达出意思。
2. 理解句子结构：中英文句子结构不同，需要我们理解并转换句子结构。
中文一般为主谓宾结构，而英文则更倾向于主+谓结构。
在翻译过程中要注意这一点，确保译文的句子结构通顺。
3. 注意语气和语法：不同语言的语气和语法规则也不同，所以在翻译时要注意保持原文的语气和语法特点。
例如，英文中重要的信息一般放在句首，而中文则倾向于放在句中。
4. 理解文化背景：翻译中，文化背景的理解至关重要。
有些词汇或者表达方式在另一种语言中可能没有对应的翻译，这时我们可以借助文化背景进行适当的解释。
例如，中文里常用“临时抱佛脚”，英文中则可翻译成“eleventh-hour attempt”。
二、练习题及分析1. 中译英：中国的国家树是国槐，它是一种能够承受恶劣环境的树种。
解答：The national tree of China is the scholar tree, which is a species capable of withstanding harsh environments.分析：在这个例子中，我们首先要了解中国的国家树是国槐，然后通过描述其特点“能够承受恶劣环境”进行翻译。
可以选择用“scholar tree”来替代“国槐”，因为这样更准确地表达出意思。
2. 英译中：The concept of “gig economy” has gained popularity in recent years, referring to a labor market characterized by short-term or freelance jobs.解答：“零工经济”这个概念近年来越来越受欢迎，它指的是一个以短期或自由职业工作为特点的劳动力市场。
200句英译中
5. 使我们惊讶的是，尽管考试的结果令人吃惊，但是老师一 点都不惊讶。
To our surprise, though the result of the exam is surprising, the teacher was not surprised at it.
6. 来自他全家的支持给了他解决难题的信心，最终他不仅发 现了新的疾病而且发明了新药抵制这种疾病。
8. 除了多吃蔬菜少吃肉，这些肥胖的男人们必须做一些锻炼 来减肥，例如打篮球，跑步。
Besides eating more vegetables and less meat, these fat men have to take several exercises such as playing basketball, running in order to lose weight.
10. 这个俱乐部的所有成员都担心气候的变化，因此他们发起 一个活动让更多的人来保护环境。
All the members in this club are worried about the changes of climate so they perform an activity to ask more people to protect environment.
some times, but he still spends some time on it
every day because he believes he will be
successful sometime.
4. 你可以试着从那个富有的女人来自里借钱，但我恐怕她连一 元也不会借给你。
You can try borrowing some money from this rich woman, but I am afraid she won' t lend even one dollar to you.
英汉互译中的错译与解析
英汉互译中的错译与解析01. 有他这颗扫帚星，什么事情都办不成。
[误] With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished。
[正] With a jinx like him, nothing can be accomplished。
注：“扫帚星”是中国人对“慧星”(comet)的俗称，因其后面象拖着的一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名。
在中国古代，“扫帚星”被认为是灾难的预兆，并被用来比喻不吉利的人或事；祸根：(person or thing that is thought to bring)bad luck(to sb/sth)；curse。
英语的 comet 虽然没有这层含义，但却有一个对应的说法，即 jinx。
例：There's a jinx on/Someone's put a jinx on this car: it's always giving me trouble. “这辆汽车上有什么妨人的东西，总给我找麻烦”。
02. 02.萝卜青菜，各有所爱。
[误] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage。
[正] Tastes differ。
03. 注：Tastes differ/vary 是句英语谚语，除此以外，原句还可翻译成 No dish suits all tastes 或 You can never make everyone happy 等。
《新概念英语》第三册第23课的标题是：One man's meat is another man's poison，表达的很生动。
总之，应采取意译。
03.他一向嘴硬，从不认错。
[误] He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault。
[正] He never says uncle。
英译中总结
英译中总结1．具体名词+抽象名词：译“具体”不译“抽象”。
通常形式为the+n.+of+n.Eg：①A number of writers have raised questions the desirability of faster economic growth as an end in itself, at least in the wealthier industrialized countries.译：近年来，不少人或撰文或著书，已经提出质疑：为经济而发展经济，至少在较富裕的国家究竟有无必要？②An economy whose capacity to provide all these things is not expanding is said to have succumbed to the disease of stagnation.译：当某个经济体的这种产出能力不再扩大，人们就认为它遭遇了经济停滞。
③But by increasing the risks of their obsolescence it adds also to their anxiety.译：但是由于更新换代的速度太快，反而使人们倍感焦虑。
④One major risk to stability is the growing imbalance in global payments and the associated market anxiety about the possibility of a disorderly adjustment of the imbalance through sudden changes in exchange rates and global interest rates.译：影响稳定的一个主要风险是全球支付体系的不断失衡，市场随之会担心失衡现象有可能带来通过突然改变汇率和全球利率的无序调整。
段落翻译中译英
By the Tang dynasty in the seventh century, tea drinking had become very popular in China. At that time many Japanese students were sent to China to study Chinese culture. Naturally they acquired the Chinese tea-drinking habit. The so-called tea ceremony in modern Japan, boasted to Westerners as a unique Japanese art, was in fact entirely an ancient Chinese custom, the way to brew tea before the Ming dynasty. Except for the Japanese, no other foreigners attach more importance to tea drinking than the British, who learned to drink tea only two or three hundred years ago.It is an inevitable choice based on its national conditions that China persists in taking the road of peaceful development. During the 100-odd years following the Opium War in 1840, China suffered humiliation and insult from big powers. And thus, ever since the advent of modern times, it has become the assiduously sought goal of the Chinese people to eliminate war, maintain peace, and build a country of independence and prosperity, and a comfortable and happy life for the people. Although it has made enormous achievements in development, China, with a large population, a weak economic foundation and unbalanced development, is still the largest developing country in the world. It is the central task of China to promote economic and social development while continuously improving its people's life. To stick to the road of peaceful development is the inevitable way for China to attain national prosperity and strength, and its people's happiness. What the Chinese people need and cherish most is a peaceful international environment. They are willing to do their best to make energetic contributions for the common development of all countries.Yuyuan was originally the private garden of Pan Yunduan，the governor of Sichuan Province ，during the Ming Dynasty. The garden whose construction began in 1559 and was completed in 1577 boasts a long history of more than four centuries. It covers an area of over 20000 square meters and is divided in some thirty different scenes connected by twisting corridors and passages.The layout of the pavilions terraces towers rockeries and ponds shows much originality in affording a wide view in a small confined space.I have felt quite upset recently. Tonight, when I was sitting in the yard enjoying the cool, it occurred to me that the Lotus Pond, which I pass by everyday, must assume quite a different look in such moonlit night. A full moon was rising high in the sky; the laughter of children playing outside had died away; in the room, my wife was patting the son, Run-er, sleepily humming a cradle song. Shrugging on an overcoat, quietly, I made my way out, closing the door behind me.None of the other cities I have visited is as quiet and clean as Chengdu. A walk along its wide and smooth streets makes one feel relaxed and free. The local people talk and move about (conduct themselves) at such a leisurely pace that it seems out of touch with the times.中国人有在正月十五晚上吃元宵、赏花灯的习俗。
中译英翻译
中译英翻译范文㈠⑴中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济与保护环境的双重任务。
我国人口众多，资源相对不足，经济规模越来越大。
经济发展与资源和环境的矛盾日益突出。
环境污染严重、生态状况恶化、资源耗费巨大、回收率低而导致环境破坏等问题，已成为中国经济保持可持续发展的瓶颈。
⑵从国情出发，中国在全面推进现代化的过程中，将环境保护视为一项基本国策，将实现经济持续发展视为一项重要战略，同时在全国范围内开展污染防治工作和生态环境保护活动，同时环境恶化的状况已基本得到了控制。
⑶实践证明，我们协调经济发展与环境保护两者之间关系的做法是行之有效的。
⑷中国作为国际社会中的成员，在努力保护自己环境的同时，还积极参与国际环保事务，促进国际环保合作，并认真履行了国际义务。
所有这些都充分表明了中国政府和人们保护全球环境的诚意和决心。
☆翻译☆⑴As a developing country, China is confronted with the dual task of developing the economy and protecting the environment. As a country with a large population, relative insufficiency of natural resources and expanding economy, China suffers an increasingly significant disparity between economic development on the one hand and natural resources and the environment on the other hand. Environmental deterioration caused by severe pollution, deteriorated ecological conditions, massive consumption of resources and low reclamation has become a bottleneck against the continuous development of Chinese economy.⑵Proceeding from its national conditions, China has, in the process of promoting its overall modernization program, made environmental protection one of its basic national policies, regarded the realization of sustained economic development as an important strategy and meanwhile, carried out throughout the country campaigns for pollution prevention and treatment as well as ecological environmental protection, and in the meantime its environment has basically ceased from deteriorating.⑶The end-results of our work have shown that China's endeavor in striking a balance between economic development and environmental protection has been effective.⑷As a member of the international community, China, while making great efforts to protect its own environment, has taken an active part in international environmental protection affairs to promote international cooperation in environmental protection, and earnestly fulfilled her international obligations. All these have given full expression to the sincerity and determination of the Chinese government and people to protect the global environment.㈡⑴科学杰出之处就在于它能创造人为的可控之物，科学和工程学使我们能够建造我们今天得以生活在其中的部分人工化了的环境，在这个环境里充满了无数大桥、卡车、飞机、抗生素和基因变异物种。
人教版高一必修一 unit 2 课文英译中
人教版高一必修一Unit 2 课文英译中Travel PeruAmazon Rainforest Tour亚马逊雨林之旅A short flight from Cusco takes you from the Andes into the Amazon rainforest. 来自库斯科的短途飞行把你从安第斯山脉带到亚马逊雨林。
From there, you’ll spend one day travelling by boat to your accommodation in 从那儿，你将花一天时间乘船旅行到你在森林中间的住处。
the middle of the forest. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest然后你可以花三天时间和当地的向导探索雨林，with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest.享受雨林里独一无二的植物和动物。
Machu Picchu Tour马丘比丘之旅This four-day walking tour will take you on amazing paths through the Andes 四天的步行之旅将带你在神奇的小路上穿过安第斯山脉到达马丘比丘城市。
Mountains on the way to the city of Machu Picchu. After reaching your在你到达你的目的地之后，destination, you will have a day to explore and be amazed by this ancient city.你将有一天去探索和被这座古老的城市惊艳到。
Especially amazing is the Incas’ dry stone method of building. Inca builders cut 尤其令人吃惊的是印加人干石建造法。
英汉翻译中的“假朋友”
英汉翻译中的“假朋友”现象“假朋友”一词源自法语词语“Faux Amis”,现主要是指在语义结构上相似或相同,但含义却不相同的词或句子结构。
全文主要从三个方面讨论英汉翻译中易出现“假朋友”的现象: (1) 词汇及习语; (2) 否定结构; (3) 比较结构,从而指出正确鉴别“假朋友”现象对外语学习者的重要性。
众所周知,英语和汉语都是高度发展的语言,都拥有极其丰富的词汇和表达方式。
但由于两者分别隶属于两大语系(前者属于印欧语系,后者属于汉藏语系) ,因此它们在词类的用法和句子结构方面有很大的差异。
这些差异,构成了英汉、汉英翻译中的诸多难点。
其中一个难点是指那些在字面意义、语义结构上相似或相同,但含义却截然不同的词汇或句子结构。
这一现象在英文中被称为“False Friends”对于英语学习者来讲,正确鉴别“假朋友”现象至关重要,否则稍有不慎,便会上“假朋友”的当,造成翻译上的笑话。
本文从长期的教学经验基础上,就英语词汇及习语、否定结构和比较结构的理解与翻译方面容易出现的“假朋友”现象举例加以阐明,以期引起外语学习者的注意。
一、词汇及习语中的“假朋友”现象由于词汇和短语是句子语篇结构的单位,因此理解词汇及习语中的“假朋友”现象是整体理解的关键。
但初学者对词汇及成语中的“假朋友”现象往往毫无意识,极易望文生义。
如:oil skin 油布(并非油性皮肤) ;good seats 好票(并非好的席位) ;fish - wife 卖鱼女(并非雌性鱼) ;table knife 餐刀(并非桌子上的刀) ;white day 吉日(并非白色的天) ; smell a rat 怀疑(并非嗅到了老鼠) ;red meat 牛、羊肉(并非红色的肉) ;blue coat 警察(并非兰色上衣) ;red - cap 搬运服务人员(并非红帽子) ;bull’s eye靶心(并非牛的眼睛) ;mad doctor 精神病医生(并非发疯的医生) ; dogear 书的折角(并非狗耳朵) ;familiar talk 庸俗的交谈(并非熟悉的谈话) ;pull up one’s socks 鼓起勇气(并非拉上袜子) ;husband like 善于管理农活的(并非像丈夫的) ;cock - and - bull story 无稽之谈(并非鸡和牛的故事) ;bite the thumbs at 对…嗤之以鼻(并非咬大拇指) ;twice - told tale 老掉牙的故事(并非讲过两次的故事) ;divorce lawyer 办理离婚案件的律师(并非离婚的律师) ;yellow book 黄皮书(法国政府报告书,黄色纸封面) (并非黄色书刊) ;从以上的例子我们可以看出,要认清此类的“假朋友”,一方面在于积累,另一方面要避免想当然,应从上下文语境中细细品味其真实含义。
Pub-Talk-and-The-Kings-English-英译中（译文）
Pub-Talk-and-The-Kings-English-英译中（译文）酒吧的谈论和国王的英语人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。
动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。
闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。
它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。
要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。
闲聊不是为了进行争论。
闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。
闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。
事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。
也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。
或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。
酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。
他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。
他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人心的秘密。
有一天晚上的情形正是这样。
人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。
谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。
可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。
我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。
“几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。
”此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。
有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。
最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。
英译汉翻译技巧及方法
八、Adverbs—Adjectives
1. The English language has changed subtly and pervasively.
英语的变化很敏感，很普遍。 2. She looked at me expectantly. 她用期待的眼光看着我。 3. Hopefully, it will be done early next month. 下月初完成这项工作是大有希望的。 4. Traditionally, there had always been good relations
the poor. 罗宾汉和他的同伴们痛恨阔人，热爱并保护穷人。 3. Stevenson was eloquent and elegant—but soft. 史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱。
4. This problem is no less important than that one. 这个问题的重要性不亚于那个问题。
As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.
他对这ade was a success. 封锁很成功。
五、Adjectives-Nouns 一种情况，英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示一类的人，
汉译时常译成名词。另外，有些英语中的形容词根据情况， 也可译成名词。
1.They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。 2. Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected
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又：一座蛋糕、一片蛋糕？
名量词，动量词
eg.12 p71 …could see every pebble on the path, and every blade of grass … … …看清小路上的每一颗石子，每一片草叶… …
eg.13 p71
Read it over first correctly, without a single mistake. 先准确地念一遍，不要有一个错。
Exercises
1. I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your government, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly. 由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快地重提访问之事，这使我特别高兴。
3.语序 Eg.22, 23, P. 75
4.定语与状语 Eg.24, 25, 26, 27, P. 76
More examples:
1) It’s high time we gave him a warning.
这确实是 该警告他的时候了。
2) This will be the book you are looking for.
这或许是你真在找的书吧。
3) We are finding that the two boys are on bad terms.
汉语的时态助词 1. 前置的时态副词（过去，正在等） 2. 附着的时态助词（过，者，了等） 3. 后置的时态语气词：陈述语气词（的，了，呢，罢了等） 疑问语气词（吧，吗，么，哪等） 祈使语气词（啊，呀，吧，罢等）
eg.14、15 p.72
4. Pronouns
人称代词、疑问代词、指示代词
The typical situation is the use of “it”, “they”, “them”,
我们慢慢看出这两个孩子 关系不好。
2. Quantifies
a piece of advice, a loaf of bread, a gust of wind, a puff of smoke, a slice of bread, a cluster of keys, a bundle if flowers, etc.
总理视察了南部各省。
3) The first electronic computers came into use in 1958.
第一批电子计算机在1958年问世。
4) The Bakers are sightseeing along the coast lines.
贝克一家沿海岸线观光旅行。
3. Modal particles
More examples: 1) The avenue is flanked by rows of new buildings.
马路两旁是一排排新建的大楼。
2) The prime minister made an inspection tour in the southern provi
（2011年11月17日）
Wang Zheng
Chapter Focus: Morphology: Synthetic vs. analytic Syntax: Hypotactic vs. paratactic Thinking Modes
第二节 词法的差异
Synthetic vs. analytic Inflection gender, number, case, tense, voice, comparatives, etc.
2. Accounts are given of huge mountains sinking, of former plains seen heaved aloft, of fires flashing out amid the ruin. 大山沉陷，平原隆起，火焰喷射，周围是一片废墟。这些都有记载。
1. Tense
eg.9 p71 I was, am and will still be working as an English teacher in the school.
我过去是，现在是，将来仍然是这所学校的英语老师。
eg.10 p71 I would have asked why …
我原想问问……
etc. eg.17 p.73
小结： 一是如实保留， 二是删去不译， 三是换成说所代替的名词， 四是用“其”、“之”等。
第三节 句法的差异
I. hypotactic vs. paratactic
(分岔式与排调式)
1.英语是用明示手段，汉语是用隐含方式 Eg.18, 19, P. 74
2.形合译法 Eg.20, 21, P. 74
3. I believe strongly that it is in the interests of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community. 我肯定相信，英国应该继续是欧洲共同体中一个积极而充满活力的成员， 这是符合我国人民利益的。
4. It is easy to see what weight can be overcome and what thrust is necessary to maintain flight. 要知道应该抵消多大重力并需要多大推力才能保持飞行，这很容易。
5. Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing. 如今人们知道，如果食物中缺少了某些重要成分，即使其中不含任何有害 的物质，也会引起严重的疾病。