201103中科院成都光电所博士光学试题
考研光电工程面试题及答案
考研光电工程面试题及答案光电工程是一门涉及光学和电子技术的交叉学科，近年来在科技领域取得了重要的突破和进展。
对于想要深入研究光电技术的学生来说，考研光电工程是一个不错的选择。
然而，在考研光电工程的面试环节中，面试官通常会提出一系列挑战性的问题，来考察考生的专业素养和能力。
本篇文章将介绍一些光电工程面试中常见的问题，并给出相应的答案供参考。
一、光学基础知识1. 请简要介绍一下光的波粒二象性。
光既可被看作是一种波动，又可被看作是一种粒子。
波动性体现在光的传播过程中，如干涉、衍射等现象；粒子性则表现为光的吸收和发射行为，如光电效应、康普顿散射等现象。
2. 什么是全反射？请给出全反射条件。
全反射是光在从密度大的光介质射入密度小的光介质时，发生的完全反射现象。
全反射条件为入射角大于临界角。
3. 请解释一下光纤的工作原理。
光纤是一种利用光的全反射传输信号的光学传输线路。
当光线射入光纤时，由于光的入射角大于临界角，光线会完全反射在纤芯中进行传输，从而实现信号的传输。
二、半导体物理与器件1. 请简要介绍一下 PN 结的形成原理。
PN 结是由具有不同掺杂类型的两个半导体材料接触而成。
在P 区，杂质掺入带有多余电子的杂质原子，形成 N 型，也即负性半导体；在N 区，杂质掺入带有少电子的杂质原子，形成P 型，也即正性半导体。
当 PN 结形成后，在 P 区的多余电子与 N 区的少电子会发生复合，形成耗尽层，产生内建电场。
2. 请简要介绍一下 PN 结的主要特性。
PN 结具有整流特性和变容特性。
在正向偏置时，电流易于通过 PN 结，呈现导电状态；在反向偏置时，电流几乎不流过 PN 结，呈现绝缘状态。
3. 什么是光电二极管？它的工作原理是什么？光电二极管是一种利用半导体材料的光电效应产生电流的器件。
当入射光照射到光电二极管上时，光子的能量会被吸收，产生载流子，从而形成电流。
三、光电子学与光通信1. 请解释一下光通信系统的基本组成部分。
中科院博士入学考试半导体物理
一、简答1、肖特基接触、欧姆接触2、Pn 结作用、异质PN 结、同质PN 结区别3、费米能级、判断杂质类型、掺杂浓度4、PN 结激光器实现粒子数反转5、光电导二、Si 、GaAs 、GaN 晶体结构、能带特点、物理性质、应用。
三、霍尔效应，........ 证明R H =四、Xy 方向自由，z 方向为无限深势阱1,、求本征能量2、能态密度3、如果三个方向都无受到限制，则1、本征能量 2、能态密度改变？五、GaAs ，次能、最低能谷。
有效质量性质和意义，有效质量大小比？ 2014 一、简答1、以GaAs 为例说明几种散射机制？与温度关系？2、迁移率μ，电导σ，H μ区别3、PN 结光生伏特效应？光电池？画I-V 曲线？4、Si 、GaAs 、GaN 晶体结构、能带特点、物理性质、应用。
5、温度太高。
破坏晶体结构？ 二、导体、半导体、绝缘体能带论三、掺杂质。
求E ？已知j p n μμρ,i ，。
四、轻空穴、重空穴有效质量及图，等能面为球面，E=(....)m22。
一、Si 、GaAs 、GaN 晶体结构、能带特点、物理性质、应用。
1、晶体结构：Si 是金刚石结构，由面心立方中心到顶角引8条对角线，在其中互不相邻的4条对角线上中点放置一个原子，对角线上的4个原子与面心和顶角原子周围情况不同，是单原子复式格子。
GaAs （III-V ）闪锌矿结构（立方对称性），与金刚石结构相仿，只是对角线上的原子与面心和顶角上的原子不同，（极性半导体/共价性化合物半导体）。
GaN 是纤锌矿结构（六方对称性，以正四面体为基础） 2、能带特点：Si 的导带极小值在K 空间<1 0 0>方向，能谷中心与 点距离是X 距离的65，共有6个等价能谷，形状为旋转椭球。
价带在布里渊区中心是简并的，有重空穴、轻空穴、自旋耦合分裂三个能级。
导带底和价带顶在K 空间不同点，属于间接禁带半导体。
GaAs导带等能面为球面，导带极小值位于布里渊区中心K=0处，但在<100><111>方向还有极小值。
[理学]中科大光学习题解答
![[理学]中科大光学习题解答](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/a5ffab19854769eae009581b6bd97f192279bf13.png)
几何光学【2.1】光线以入射角i 射到折射率为n 的物体上，设反射光与折射光线成直角，问入射角与折射率之间的关系如何？ 解：i n i '=sin sin ，而i i -='2π，i n i cos sin =∴，即n tgi =。
【2.2】把一片玻璃板放在装满水的玻璃杯上，光线应以什么样的角度射到玻璃板上才能够在玻璃板和水的分界面上发生全反射？玻璃的折射率为1.5，水的折射率为1.33 能接收到这束全反射光吗？解：发生全反射时，光线从玻璃向水的入射角应满足w C g n i n =sin 。
此时若从空气到玻璃板入射，入射角i 应满足C g i n i sin sin =，即w n i =sin 。
由于133.1>=w n ，所以上述情况不可能发生。
【2.3】红光和紫光对同种玻璃的折射率分别是1.51和1.53。
当这些光线射到玻璃和空气的分界面上时，全反射的最小角度是多少？当白光以41o的角入射到玻璃和空气的界面上时，将会有什么现象发生？ 解：由于1sin =i n ，所以81.4053.11arcsin 1arcsin===V V C n i ， 47.4151.11arcsin 1arcsin ===R RC n i 。
以41o 角入射，则紫光全反射；而红光大部分透射，仅有少部分发生反射。
【2.4】如图，以光线射入镜面间并反射n 次，最后沿入射时的光路返回，试写出i θ与α间的关系表达式。
解：最后的反射之后，其对另一镜的入射角应为0。
最后（第n 次）的反射角为αθ=n ，第n-1次的反射角为αθ21=-n 。
相邻的两次反射间，有关系式，απθπθ-=-+-2/)2/(1m m ，即αθθ+=-m m 1。
则ααθαθθn n m n m =+-=+-=)1()1(1。
【2.5】证明：当一条光线通过平板玻璃时，出射光线方向不变，只产生侧向平移。
当入射角1i 很小时，位移t i nn x 11-=∆。
(精选)光学测试题(附答案)
光学测试卷姓名_______班级_______一选择题（每题仅一个正确答案，错填漏填多选均不得分，每题2分，共15小题）1、许多照相机镜头到胶片的距离是可调的。
某次拍摄前摄影师已经“调好焦”，使被摄者在胶片上形成了清晰的像。
如果在拍摄前被摄者移动了位置，他和摄影者的距离变远了，为了使他在胶片上仍然成清晰的像，镜头与底片的距离应( ) A、变大 B．变小 C．先变小后变大 D．先变大后变小2、某物体经凸透镜在光屏上得到一个像,现将透镜上部遮住不让光通过,则屏上的像（）A.缺少上部分B.缺少下部分C.大小变化了D.像性质不变,只是变暗了3、一种手电筒上所有的聚光小电珠如图2所示，其前端相当于一个玻璃制成的凸透镜，灯丝（可看作一个点光源）发出的光通过它出射时，出射光束（图中实线所示）比无此透镜时的光束（图中虚线所示）要窄，即它可减小光束的发散，有聚光功能。
在这种小电珠中，灯丝应位于（）A．凸透镜的焦点以内B．凸透镜的一倍焦距和两倍焦距之间C．凸透镜的焦点处D．凸透镜的两倍焦距处4．测绘人员绘制地图时常常需要从飞机上拍摄地面的照片。
若使用的相机镜头焦距为50毫米，则底片与镜头距离应该在（）A．100毫米以外。
B．50毫米以内。
C．恰为50毫米。
D．略大于50毫米。
5.如右图所示，一束光线斜射人容器中，在P处形成一光斑，在向容器里逐渐加满水的过程中，光斑将（）A.向左移动后静止B.先向左移动再向右移动C.向右移动后静止D.仍在原来位置6．图1是有关近视眼、远视眼及其矫正的示意图，其中表示近视眼矫正的是（）7.如图3所示，把蜡烛逐渐远离平面镜，它在镜中之像将 ( )A. 变大．B. 变小．C. 不变．D. 变倒立．8.如图所示是从平面镜中看到的一钟表时针和分针位置，此时的实际时刻是 ( )A. 8时20分．B. 4时20分．C. 3时40分．D. 8时40分，9．一个焦距是10cm的凸透镜，当物体从离透镜20cm处逐渐移向30cm处的过程中（）．A．像逐渐变大，像距逐渐变小B．像逐渐变小，像距逐渐变大C．像逐渐变大，像距逐渐变大D．像逐渐变小，像距逐渐变小10．目前光污染越来越严重。
中科院物理所考博试题(固体物理)
固体物理试卷试卷一、第一部分：（在5题中选做4题，每题15分，共60分）简单回答下面的问题：1原胞与单胞有什么不同？何谓布拉菲格子？何谓倒格子？晶体的宏观对称性可以概括为多少点群？多少个晶系？这些晶系分别包括哪些布拉菲格子？什么是晶体、准晶体和非晶体？2原子之间的相联互作用是固体形成的基础，固体中共有哪几种原子结合方式？指出它们的共同特点和各自的特点。
3(a)怎样用能带论来理解导体、绝缘体、及半导体之间的区别（可以画图说明）？（b）在讨论磁场中电子的运动时，画图说明什么是k空间的类电子轨道、什么是类空穴轨道？什么是闭合轨道、什么是开放轨道？什么样的轨道对于德哈斯-范阿芬效应重要或对于磁阻效应重要？4任何固体物质中原子位置并不是固定的，它们在其平衡位置附近不停地振动。
其运动形式可用准粒子—声子来描述。
(a)简述声子的存在和模式对晶体的哪些物性产生明显影响。
(b)简述确定晶格振动谱的实验原理和方法。
5试推导面心和体心立方点阵的x射线衍射的系统消光规律。
第二部分：（在8题中选做5题，每题8分，共40分）1列出你所知道的几种金属—绝缘体相变的名称。
2超导体都有哪些主要的物理特征？3简单阐述物质顺磁性的来源。
4多晶体与单晶体的x射线衍射图有什么区别？5什么是施主杂质？什么是受主杂质？施主能级和受主能级有什么特点？6半导体材料可能发生哪几种光吸收过程？什么是半导体的本征吸收？7简述固溶体的类型。
8什么是系统的元激发？举出三个例子，指出它们服从玻色统计还是费米统计。
试卷二、（试题1—4为必作题，每题15分）（1）（a）固体中原子（或离子）的结合形式有哪几种？都有什么特点？为什么固体中原子（或离子）之间能保持一定的距离而不是无限靠近？（b）何谓晶体、准晶体及非晶体？它们的x光或电子衍射有何区别？(C)何谓布拉菲格子、晶体学点群、晶系和晶体学空间群？（2）已知一正交品系的晶胞参数为a、b、c，晶胞体积为v,(a)试写出其倒格矢，证明倒格子元胞体积v’= (2p)3/V，并画出第一布里渊区示意图。
2011年3月中科院考博英语真题及答案详解版
GRADUATE UNIVERSITY, CHINESE ACADEMYOF SCIENCES ENGLISH ENTRANCEEXAMINATIONFORDOCTORAL CANDIDA TESMarch 2011PAPER ONEPART ⅠVOCABULARY(15 minutes, 10points, 0. 5point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. My father was a nuclear engineer, a very academically _________ Man with multiple degrees from prestigious institutions.A. promotedB. activatedC. orientedD. functioned2. Public _________ for the usually low-budget, high-quality films has enabled the independent film industry to grow and thrive.A. appreciationB. recognitionC. gratitudeD. tolerance3. Dirty Jobs on the Discovery Channel, an unlikely television program, has become a surprising success with a _________ fan base.A. contributedB. devotedC. reveredD. scared4. Pop culture doesn't _________ to strict rules; it enjoys being jazzy, unpredictable, chaotic.A. adhereB. lendC. exposeD. commit5. Intellectual property is a kind of _________ monopoly, which should be used properly or else would disrupt healthy competition order.A. legibleB. legendaryC. lenientD. legitimate6. I am thankful to the company for giving me such a chance, and I earnestly hope that I will _________ everyone’s expectations.A. boil down toB. look forward toC. live up toD. catch on to7. The image of an unfortunate resident having to climb 20 flights of stairs because the lift is _________ is now a common one.A. out of the wayB. on orderC. out of orderD. in no way8. My eyes had become _________ to the now semi-darkness, so I could pick out shapes about seventy-five yards away.A. inclinedB. accustomedC. vulnerableD. sensitive9. Despite what I’d been told about the local people’s attitude to strangers, _________ did I encounter any rudeness.A. at no timeB. in no timeC. at any timeD. at some time10. In times of severe _________ companies are often forced to make massive job cuts in order to survive.A. retreat B, retrospect C. reduction D. recession11. Sport was integral to the national and local press, TV and, to a diminishing _________ , to radio.A. extentB. scopeC. scaleD. range12. Unless your handwriting is _________ , or the form specifically asks for typewriting, the form should be neatly handwritten.A. illegitimate B, illegal C. illegible D. illiterate13. The profession fell into , with some physicists sticking to existing theories, while others came up with the big-bang theory.A. harmonyB. turmoilC. distortionD. accord14. With the purchasing power of many middle-class households _________ behind the cost of living, there was an urgent demand for credit.A. leavingB. leveringC. lackingD. lagging15. Frank stormed into the room and _________ the door, but it wasn’t that easy to close the door on what Jack had said.A. slashedB. slammedC. slippedD. slapped16. When I was having dinner with you and Edward at his apartment, I sensed a certain _________ between the two of you.A. intimacyB. proximityC. discrepancyD. diversity17. I decided to _________ between Ralph and his brother, who were arguing endlessly.A. interfereB. interveneC. interruptD. interact18. “I mean Gildas and Ludens are both wise, reasonable and tactful; but naturally they’re _________ , they want to know what’s happening, and make judgments on it all. ”A. indifferentB. innocentC. inquisitiveD. instinctive19. In Africa HIV and AIDS continue to _________ the population; nearly 60 percent of those infected are women.A. alleviateB. boostC. captureD. ravage20. By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period slave society was _________ disintegration.A. on the ground ofB. on the top ofC. in the light ofD. on the verge ofPART ⅡCLOZE TEST(15 minutes, 15 points)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Tomorrow Japan and South Korea will celebrate White Day, an annual event when men are expected to buy a gift for the adored women in their lives. It is a relatively new 21 that was commercially created as payback for V alentine’s Day. That’s 22 in both countries, 14 February is all about the man.On V alentine’s Day, women are expected to buy all the important male 23 in their lives a token gift; not just their partners, 24 their bosses or older relatives too.This seems 25 enough. Surely it’s reasonable for men to be indulged on one day of the year, 26 the number of times they’re expected to produce bouquets of flowers and 27 their woman with perfume or pearls.But the idea of a woman 28 a man didn’t sit easily with people. In 1978, the National Confectionery Industry Association(糖果业协会) 29 an idea to solve this problem. They started to market white chocolate that men could give to women on 14 March, as 30 for the male-oriented V alentine’s Day.It started with a handful of sweet-makers’producing candy 31 a simple gift idea. The day 32 the public imagination, and is now a nationally 33 date in the diary-and one where men are 34 to whip out their credit cards. In fact, men are now expected to give gifts worth 35 the value of those they received. What a complication: not only do men have to remember who bought them what, they have to estimate the value and multiply it by three.21. A. copy B. concept C. choice D. belief22. A. because B. as C. so D. why23. A. clients B. friends C. figures D. colleagues24. A. but B. and C. instead of D. rather than25. A. odd B. good C. fair D. rare26. A. given B. if C. but D. though27. A. attract B. frustrate C. surprise D. touch28. A. supporting B. spoiling C. comforting D. fooling29. A. came up with B. come out of C. came up toD. came along with30. A. companion B. compromise C. competence D. compensation31. A. via B. as C. with D. for32. A. captured B. appealed C. favored D. held33. A. documented B. recognized C. illustrated D. scheduled34. A. volunteered B. embarrassed C. sponsoredD. obliged35. A. triple B. double C. fourfold D. equalPART ⅢREADING COMPREHENSIONSection A(60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneAt many colleges, smokers are being run not just out of school buildings but off the premises. On Nov. 19 , the University of Kentucky, the tobacco state’s flagship public institution, Launched a campus wide ban on cigarettes and all other forms of tobacco on school grounds and parking areas. Pro-nicotine students staged a “smoke-out”to protest the new policy, which even rules out smoking inside cars if they’re on school property.Kentucky joins more than 365 U. S. colleges and universities that in recent years have instituted antismoking rules both indoors and out. In most places, the issue doesn’t seem to be secondhand smoke. Rather, the rationale for going smoke-free in wide open spaces is a desire to model healthy behavior.Purdue University, which has 30-ft. buffer zones, recently considered adopting a campuswide ban but tempered its proposal after receiving campus input. Smoking will now be restricted to limited outdoor areas.One big problem with a total ban is enforcing it. Take the University of Iowa. In July 2008, the school went smoke-free in accordance with the Iowa Smokefree Air Act, violations of which can result in a $50 fine. But so far, the university has ticketed only about 25 offenders. “Our campus is about 1, 800 acres, so to think that we could keep track of who is smoking on campus at any given time isn’t really feasible, ”says Joni Troester, director of the university’s campus wellness program. Instead, the school helps those trying to kick the habit by offering smoking-cessation programs and providing reimbursement for nicotine patches, gum and prescription medications like Zyban.The University of Michigan will probably take a similar approach when its ban takes effect in July 2011. “We don’t have a desire to give tickets or levy punishments, ”says Robert Winfield, the school’s chief health officer. “We want to encourage people to stop smoking, set a good example for students and make this a healthier community. ”Naturally, there has been pushback from students. “Where do we draw the line between a culture of health and individual choice?”asks Jnathan Slemrod, a University of Michigan senior and president of the school’s College Libertarians. “If they truly want a culture of health, I expect them to go through all our cafeterias and get rid of all our Taco Bells, all our pizza places. ”Students might want to enjoy those Burrito Supremes while they can. In today’s health-obsessed culture, those may be next.36. We can infer that the “newness”of the antismoking policy at the University of Kentucky lies in _________ .A. its extended scope of no-smoking placesB. its prohibition of cigarette sales on campusC. its penalty for bringing tobacco to schoolD. its ban on smoke when people are driving37. By setting the antismoking rules the University of Kentucky mainly aims for _________ .A. protecting students against passive smokingB. modeling itself on many other universitiesC. promoting the students’ health awarenessD. punishing those who dare smoke on campus38. One of the problems enforcing the ban on smoking at the University of Iows is _________ .A. limiting the smoke-free areasB. tracing smokers on campusC. forcing smokers to give up smokingD. providing alternative ways for smokers39. The word “levy”(in Paragraph 5)most probably means_________ .A. imposeB. avoidC. deserveD. receive40. According to Jonathan Slemrod, Taco Bell is _________ .A. a tobacco shopB. a school cafeteriaC. an organic food storeD. an unhealthy food chain41. The author’s tone in the essay is _________ .A. radicalB. optimisticC. objectiveD. criticalPassage T woThe familiar sounds of an early English summer are with us once again. Millions of children sit down to SA Ts, GCSEs, AS-levels, A-levels and a host of lesser exams, and the argument over educational standards starts. Depending on whom you listen to, we should either be letting up on over-examined pupils by abolishing SA Ts, and even GCSEs, or else making exams far more rigorous.The chorus will reach a peak when GCSE and A-level results are published in August. If pass rates rise again, commentators will say that standards are falling because exams are getting easier. If pass rates drop, they will say that standards are falling because children are getting lower marks. Parents like myself try to ignore this and base our judgments on what our children are learning. But it’s not easy given how much education has changed since we were at school.Some trends are encouraging-education has been made more relevant and enthuses many children that it would have previously bored. My sons’A-level French revision involved listening to radio debates on current affairs, whereas mine involved rereading Moliere. And among their peers, a far greater proportion stayed in education for longer.On the other hand, some aspects of schooling today are incomprehensible to my generation, such as gaps in general knowledge and the hand-holding that goes with ensuring that students leave with good grades. Even when we parents resist the temptation to help with GCSE or A-level coursework, a teacher with the child’s interests at heart may send a draft pi ece of work back several times with pointers to how it can be improved before the examiners see it.The debate about standards persists because there is no single objective answer to the question: “Are standards better or worse than they were a generation ago?”Each side points to indicators that favor them, in the knowledge that there is no authoritative definition, let alone a measure that has been consistently applied over the decades. But the annual soul-searching over exams is about more than student assessment. It reveals a national insecurity about whether our education system is teaching the right things. It is also fed by an anxiety about whether, in a country with a history of upholding standards by ensuring that plenty of students fail, we can attain the more modern objective of ensuring that every child leaves school with something to show for it.42. It can be concluded from Paragraph 1 that _________ .A. SA Ts is one of the most rigorous exams mentionedB. it has been debated if children should b given examsC. few parents approve of the exam systems in EnglandD. each year children have to face up to some new exams43. Parents try to judge the educational standards by _________ .A. whether their children have passed the examsB. what knowledge their children have acquiredC. what educators say about curriculum planningD. whether their children’s school scores are stable44. To the author, the rereading of Moliere was _________ .A. drearyB. routineC. outmodedD. arduous45. To the author’s generation, it is beyond understanding today why _________ .A. teachers lay great stress on helping students obtain good gradesB. teachers show much concern for students’ futureC. parents help little with their children’s courseworkD. parents focus on their children’s general knowledge46. According to the passage, with respect to educational standards in Britain, _________ .A. no authorities have ever made a commentB. no one has ever tried to give them a definitionC. no effective ways have been taken to apply themD. no consistent yardstick has ever been used47. In the author’s opinion, the school education in Britain has been _________ .A. inflexibleB. irresponsibleC. unsuccessfulD. unforgivablePassage ThreeSuzan Fellman had a hard time with Laura Bush’s redo of the famed guest quarters named for President Lincoln: “Looking at it , I thought I was in a Radisson lobby somewhere in the Midwest long ago. I could not imagine spending a night in that space. ”Done up with Victorian furnishings, the Lincoln Bedroom is one of the residence’s least-changed spaces, said Betty Monkman, formerly chief curator of the White House for nearly 40 years. “It’s a quasi-museum room, ”she said, “with a lot of objects, such as the bed , that have symbolic importance. ”The elaborately carved bed bought for Lincoln is the centerpiece of the room.According to historian William Seale, the president was furious that his wife, Mary, spent so much money redecorating the White House during a time of war. He never slept in the bed , and the ornate piece eventually was moved to a spare room.Los Angeles designer Fellman saw parallels, calling the Obama era a period of“pulling back on extravagance. ”It is a good time, she said, to revisit pieces in storage, to rearrange old furniture in a new fashion, and use paint and fabrics to bring life and fun into a room without spending a fortune.In this re-imagining of the Lincoln Bedroom, Fellman would retain the legendary bed but paint the ceiling a sky blue and use a Cecil Beaton rose-print fabric for curtains. “Lincoln loved roses, ”Fellman said, “and this beige and ivory version keeps it from being too bold, modern or feminine. ”At a time when Americana is expected to stage a strong revival, Fellman said traditional styles such as Colonial and Federal can co-exist with European antiques if they are balanced in scale.Mindful of the recession, the designer advocated selecting furniture with longevity in mind. “If you are going to spend money, buy quality things that you never want to get rid of, ”she said. “A couple of really good things can make all the difference in a room. ”Her splurges would include a camel-hair sofa, which Fellman said was long-lasting and timeless. As a Pop Art-influenced statement about thrift, a custom rug woven with a 6-foot-diameter medallion replicates the penny’s image of Lincoln in subtle shades of ivory and copper.In bad times as in good, spare rooms don’t have to be grand to be effective, Fellman said. “A guest room should feel inviting and intimate, ”she said. “It has to exude serenity. ”48. To Suzan Fellman, Laura Bush’s redecoration of the Lincoln Bedroom could hardly be _________ .A. evaluatedB. imaginedC. understoodD. praised49. The Lincoln Bedroom in White House is a place for_________ .A. the president to have a restB. visitors to stay overnightC. storing Victorian furnishingsD. exhibiting classic objects50. According to Fellman, the Obama era is similar to the Lincoln era in _________ .A. decorating housesB. respecting the pastC. protecting the classicD. encouraging thrift51. The way Fellman would rearrange the Lincoln Bedroom includes _________ .A. putting some roses on the tableB. omitting some European antiquesC. adding to it some Federal stylesD. giving it the look of a strong America52. In choosing the new furniture for the room, Fellman would give top priority to _________ .A. its durabilityB. its simplic ityC. its priceD. its color53. Fellman would avoid making the Lincoln Bedroom look_________ .A. tranquilB. luxuriousC. hospitableD. fascinatingPassage FourLaurance Rockefeller, the middle brother of the five prominent and benevolent grandsons of John D. Rockefeller, who concentrated his own particular generosity on conservation, recreation, ecological concerns and medical research, particularly the treatment of cancer, died of pulmonary fibrosis at his home in Manhattan.His career began on Wall Street almost 70 years ago, where he became a pioneer of modern venture capitalism, compounding his inherited wealth many times over. In the decades since he first took his seat on the New Y ork Stock Exchange, he often used his native instinct for identifying the next big thing, not content simply to make more money but to make the money produce something of lasting value.Less sociable than his older brother Nelson, who was a four-term governor of New Y ork and the country’s vice president under Gerald R. Ford, Laurance Spelman Rockefeller was also more reserved and private than his flamboyant younger brother Winthrop who was the governor of Arkansas. A philosophy major at Princeton he had long wrestled with the question of how he might most efficiently and satisfyingly use the great wealth to which he was born and which he later kept compounding as a successful pioneer of modern venture capitalism.Using significant amounts of his money as well as his connections and prestige and negotiating skills he was instrumental in establishing and enlarging National Parks in Wyoming, California, the Virgin Islands, V ermont, Maine and Hawaii. As an active member of the Palisade Interstate Parkway Commission, he helped create a chain of parks that blocked the advance of sprawl, thus maintaining the majestic view that he first saw as a child looking out from Kykuit, the Rockefeller country home in Pocantico.His commitment to wilderness, recreation and environmental conservation had many roots. Since childhood he liked to ride hrses through unspoiled terrain. He was a passionate photographer in search of new landscapes. Even before Laurance reached adulthood the Rockefellers had included parks among their many philanthropic projects.Laurance was born on May 26, 1910. As Laurance matured he came to more closely resemble his grandfather than did any other family member, having the same pursed and seemingly serious expression that John D. Rockefeller often showed in photographs. According to family accounts he was also the one who most closely revealed his grandfather’s ability for profitable deals.54. Paragraph 1 suggests that Laurance Rockefeller was a man who is _________ .A. full of social responsibilityB. famous but short-livedC. successful in many fieldsD. zealous in social activities55. We can learn that, in making investments, Laurance Rockefeller was very _________ .A. cold-heartedB. close-fistedC. far-sightedD. half-witted56. Compared with his two brothers, Laurance _________ .A. often relied on himselfB. rarely appeared in publicC. rarely voiced his opinionsD. often worried about his wealth57. The word“instrumental”(boldfaced in Para 4)in this context can be replaced by “_________ . ”A. generousB. strategicC. resoluteD. important58. Laurance’s childhood experience led him later to make significant contributions to _________ .A. the building of national parksB. the enlargement of urban areasC. the perfection of his hometownD. the popularization of horse riding59. According to the passage, Laurance resembled his grandfather in having _________ .A. a contribution to public goodB. a talent of making moneyC. a passion for wildernessD. a bias against political affairsPassage FiveThe first three days of July 1863 saw the bloodiest hours of the Civil War, in a battle that spilled across the fields and hills surrounding Gettysburg, Pa. The fighting climaxed in the bright, hot afternoon of the third day, when more than 11, 000 Confederate soldiers mounted a disastrous assault on the heart of the Union line. That assault marked the farthest the South would penetrate into Union territory. In a much larger sense, it marked the turning point of the war.No surprise, then, than the Battle of Gettysburg would become the subject of songs, poems, funeral monuments and, ultimately, some of the biggest paintings ever displayed on this continent. Paul Philippoteaux, famed for his massive360-degree cyclorama paintings, painted four versions of the battle in the 1880s. Cycloramas were hugely popular in the United States in the last decades of the 19th century, before movies displaced them in the public’s affection. Conceived on a mammoth scale, a cyclorama painting was longer than a football field and almost 50 feet tall. Little thought was given to preserving these enormous works of art. They were commercial ventures, and when they stopped earning they were tossed. Most were ultimately lost-victims of water damage or fire. One of Philippoteaux’s Gettysburg renderings was cut up and hung in panels in a Newark, N. J. , department store before finding its way back to Gettysburg, where it has been displayed off and on since1913. Along the way, the painting lost most of its sky and a few feet off the bottom. Sections since 1913. Along the way, the painting lost most of its sky and a few feet off the bottom. Sections were cut and moved to patch holes in other sections. And some of the restorative efforts proved almost as crippling to the original as outright neglect. Since 2003, a team of conservators has labored in a $12million effort to restore Philippoteaux’s masterwork. They have cleaned it front and back, patched it , added canvas for a new shy and returned the painting to its original shape-a key part of a cyclorama’s optical illusion was its hyperbolic shape: it bellies out at its central point, thrusting the image toward the viewer.When restoration is completed later this year, the painting will be the centerpiece of the new Gettysburg battlefield visitors’ center, which opens to the public on April 14. Much work remains to be done. But even partially restored, the painting seethes with life-and death.60. With respect to the Battle of Gettysburg, Paragraph 1 mainly emphasizes _________ .A. the reason for its occurrenceB. the significance of the battleC. the place where it broke outD. the bloodiness of the battle61. To the author, that Gettysburg Battle got reflected in many art works is _________ .A. reasonableB. meaningfulC. necessaryD. impressive62. We can infer that cyclorama paintings _________ .A. has regained their popularity since 1913B. were mostly destroyed by the Civil WarC. more often than not lost than gained moneyD. had been popular before movies came in63. Work done to restore the Philippoteaux’s painting already began _________ .A. before 1900B. after 1913C. in 2003D. at its birth64. According to the author, some previous efforts to restore the Philippoteaux’s painting turned out to be _________ .A. time consumingB. fruitlessC. destructiveD. a waste of money65. What is true of the present state of the Philippoteaux’s Gettysburg rendering?A. It is illusory in depiction.B. It is a perfect restoration.C. It is a modified version.D. It is incredibly lifelike.Section B(20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: In each of the following passages, five sentences have been removed from the original text. They are listed from A to F and put below the passage. Choose the most suitable sentence from the list to fill in each of the blanks(numbered 66 to 75). For each passage, there is one sentence that does not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneAdvertising is paid, nonpersonal communication that is designed to communicate in a creative manner, through the use of mass or information-directed media, the nature of products, services, and ideas. It is a form of persuasive communication that offers information about products, ideas, and services that serves the objectives determined by the advertiser. 66 Thus, the ultimate objective of advertising is to sell things persuasively and creatively. Advertising is used by commercial firms trying to sell products and services; by politicians and political interest groups to sell ideas or persuade voters; by not-for-profit organizations to raise funds, solicit volunteers, or influence the actions of viewers; and by governments seeking to encourage or discourage particular activities, such as wearing seatbelts, participating in the census, or ceasing to smoke. 67The visual and verbal commercial messages that are a part of advertising are intended to attract attention and produce some response by the viewer. Advertising is pervasive and virtually impossible to escape. Newspapers and magazines often have more advertisements than copy; radio and television provide entertainment but are also laden with advertisements; advertisements pop up on Internet sites; and the mail brings a variety of advertisements. 68 In shopping malls, there are prominent logos on designer clothes, moviegoers regularly view advertisements for local restaurants, hair salons, and so on, and live sporting and cultural events often include signage, logos, products, and related information about the event sponsors. 69Although the primary objective of advertising is to persuade, it may achieve this objective in many different ways. An important function of advertising is the identification function, that is, to identify a product and differentiate it from others; this creates an awareness of the product and provides a basis for consumers to choose the advertised product over other products. 70 The third function of advertising is to induce consumers to try new products and to suggest reuse of the product as well as new uses; this is the persuasion function.A. Another function of advertising is to communicate information about the product, its attributes, and its location of sale; this is the information function.B. The forms that advertising takes and the media in which advertisements appear are as varied as the advertisers themselves and the messages that they wish to deliver.C. An especially important issue in the creation of advertising is related to understanding how much information consumers want about a given product.D. Advertising may influence consumers in many different ways, but the primary goal of advertising is to increase the probability that consumers exposed to an advertisement will behave or believe as the advertiser wishes.E. Advertising also exists on billboards along the freeway, in subway and train stations, on benches at bus stops, and on the frames around car license plates.F. The pervasiveness of advertising and its creative elements are designed to cause viewers to take note.Passage T woFew numbers tell a happier story than those that measure life expectancy. An American born in 1900 could expect to live 47 years. Thanks to colossal improvements in sanitation and medicine, that figure is now 75 for men and 80 for women.。
中科大光学补考试卷
中科大光学补考试卷您的姓名： [填空题] *_________________________________1、有关光的本质，下列表述中不正确的是（）。
[单选题] *A、光是某一波段的电磁波B、不同波长的光给人以不同颜色的感觉C、光的波动性寓于光的干涉、衍射和偏振等现象之中D、光的粒子性表现在与物质作用时E、光是连续地被发射和被吸收的，光流具有连续性的结构(正确答案)答案解析：1-1光的波粒二象性2、光线从空气进入某种液体，它的传播速度（）。
[单选题] *A、增大B、减小(正确答案)C、保持不变D、先减小，后增大E、先增大，后减小答案解析：几何光学定律3、光的独立传播定律是指来自不同光源的光线沿不同方向在同一瞬间通过空间同一点时，各光线（）。
[单选题] *A、互相影响B、互相干扰C、互不影响(正确答案)D、会混合E、发生折射答案解析：几何光学定律4、光的反射定律是指入射光线、反射光线和分界面的法线位于同一平面内，入射光线、反射光线位于法线的两侧，并且（）。
[单选题] *A、入射角=反射角B、入射角>反射角C、入射角<反射角D、│入射角│=│反射角│(正确答案)E、以上均不对答案解析：几何光学定律5、（）为入射线、折射线与法线在同一平面内，入射角正弦与折射角正弦之比，等于第二种介质的折射率与第一种介质的折射率之比。
[单选题] *A、反射定律B、折射定律(正确答案)C、传播定律D、可逆原理E、马吕斯定律答案解析：几何光学定律6、沿着一定线路传播的一条光线，可以沿（）从相反方向返回通过发光点。
[单选题] *A、平面B、直线C、原路(正确答案)D、折线E、不同方向答案解析：几何光学定律7、下列图中错误的是（）。
[单选题] *A、 n`>nB、n`>n(正确答案)C、n`>nD、n2>n1E、n`<n答案解析：几何光学定律8、一个5cm高的物体放在球面镜前10cm处，成1cm高的虚像，横向放大率和像的位置（）。
光电器件光学设计考核试卷
8.在光电器件中，以下哪种现象会导致发光效率下降？（）
A.散射
B.吸收
C.折射
D.反射
9.下列哪种技术常用于提高太阳能电池的光吸收效率？（）
A.镀膜
B.透明电极
C.聚光
D.以上都是
10.在设计光电器件时，以下哪个因素会影响光学系统的像差？（）
A.光源波长
B.光学材料
C.环境温度
18. A,B,C,D
19. A,B,C,D
20. A,B,C,D
三、填空题
1.半导体材料
2.光电效应
3.光栅结构
4.纳米流体
5.光学模拟
6. ITO（铟锡氧化物）
7.光照条件
8.传递和分配
9.光电转换
10.光吸收特性
四、判断题
1. ×
2. √
3. ×
4. √
5. ×
6. √
7. ×
8. ×
9. √
A.光学材料
B.光路设计
C.表面粗糙度
D.封装工艺
15.以下哪些材料可以用作光电器件的光学增透膜？（）
A.硅氧化物
B.钛氧化物
C.镁fluoride
D.铝氧化物
16.以下哪些是光电器件中可能存在的噪声源？（）
A.热噪声
B.闪烁噪声
C.散粒噪声
D.以上都是
17.在光电器件的设计中，以下哪些方法可以减小光学系统的体积？（）
光电器件光学设计考核试卷
考生姓名：________________答题日期：________________得分：_________________判卷人：_________________
一、单项选择题（本题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）
中科院博士考试样卷附答案
中国科学院研究生院英语B考试大纲笔试部分笔试部分由试卷一和试卷二构成。
试卷一包括：听力、英语知识运用与阅读理解两部分。
试卷二为书面表达部分。
时间总长共150分钟，满分100分。
试卷一（75分）第一部分：听力（20分）本部分考查考生理解英语口语、获取特定信息以及简要笔记的能力，由A、B两节组成。
A节：共10题，每题1分。
要求考生根据所听到的10段对话，从每题所给的4个选项中找出最佳答案。
每题有12-15秒答题时间。
每段对话的录音只播放一遍。
B节：共10题，每题1分。
要求考生根据所听到的3篇对话或独白简要回答10道有关该对话或独白的问题。
问题在试卷中印出但不在录音中读出。
录音材料只播放一遍。
本部分大约需要25分钟。
第二部分：英语知识运用与阅读理解（55分）本部分考查考生对用于一定语境中的词汇、表达方式和结构的掌握和理解书面英语的能力，由A、B和C三节组成。
A节：共15题，每题1分。
在1篇约300词的短文中留出15个空白，要求考生从短文后提供的30个词或表达式中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意义通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。
其中有11-12道题考查词汇和表达方式，3-4道题考查语法和语篇结构。
本节大约需要20分钟。
B节：共20题，每题1.5分，共30分。
考查考生理解总体和特定信息、猜词悟义、推断作者态度和意图的能力。
要求考生根据所提供的4篇文章（平均每篇约400词）的内容，从每题所给的4个选择项中选出最佳选项。
本节大约需要35分钟。
C节：共10题，每题1分。
考查考生对诸如连贯性和一致性等语段特征的理解。
要求考生根据2篇留有5段空白的文章（平均每篇约400词）的内容，在每篇文后所提供的6段文字中选择能分别放进该文章中5个空白处的5段。
本节大约需要20分钟。
本部分总需时间约75分钟。
试卷二（25分）本部分考查考生英语书面表达的能力，由A、B两节组成。
A节：共1题，10分。
要求考生根据所提供的1篇长约450词的、有相当难度的文章写出1篇字数为120—150词的内容提要（约占原文的1/4-1/3）。
光电检测复习资料(有答案)
用相位测距法测量距离，设被测距离最大范围为10Km，要求测距精度为1cm，而各尺的测量精度为1‰。试给出测尺的个数以及各测尺的长度和频率。
如果题目精度为1%，那么需要三把尺子，一把10KM，能精确到100m。还需要一把100m的尺子，能精确到1m，再要一把1m的，能精确到1cm。综上需要三把尺子。对应工作频率...
第三章
P52,第六题。
用CdS光敏电阻用做光电传感器，光敏电阻最大功耗为300mW，。。
(电子电荷量e：1.6×10-19，普朗克常量h：6.63×10-34)
(主要涉及公式： )
( ，ΔU=ΔI×RL)
3.已知Δf的值为1，量子效率η的值为1，那么直接检测的最小功率相当于2个光子，相干检测的最小功率相当于1个光子。( )
4.求量子效率：
5.如果两块光栅的栅距均为P=0.2mm，两光栅的栅线夹角为θ=1°。所形成的莫尔条纹的宽度__11.46mm__( )。若光电探测器件测出莫尔条纹共走过12个，两光栅相互移动的距离___2.4mm__(L=NP)。
光电检测复习资料
简答(6′×5)
长波限实际值小于理论值的原因
LED为何正偏，光电二极管为何反偏
光电池特性曲线分析
用PSD测量两平面的相对平行度
环境监测
计算(10′×5)
光敏电阻
光电二极管
光电倍增管
视场角
填空(1′×20)
1.ZeS基于场致发光。
2.砷化镓禁带宽度1.44,那么其长波限为_861.11nm_( )，实验值测得的长波限是1000nm，原因是1在振荡过程中，经多次反射后，长波和短波吸收不一样，短波更易被吸收，长波被吸收少。2随着PN结的温度的升高，波长向长波方向移动。
中科大研究生信息光学复习题
信息光学习题问答题1.傅里叶变换透镜和普通成像透镜的区别。
答： 普通透镜 要求共轭面无像差，为此要消除各种像差。
由几何关系可计算平行光入射在透镜后焦面得到的像高，因为u f h cos /ηλ=。
λ=ηλη==⋅=uu f u u ftgu f h sin ,cos cos sin 傅里叶变换透镜频谱面上能够获得有线性特征的位置与空间频率关系。
ηλ=f h 普通透镜和傅里叶透镜对平行光输入在后焦面上光点的位置差称频谱畸变。
321sin 'fu u f ftgu y ≈-=∆普通透镜只有在u 很小时才符合傅里叶变换透镜的要求。
要专门设计消除球差和慧差，适当保留畸变以抵消频谱畸变。
2.相干光光学处理和非相干光光学处理的优缺点。
答：非相干光处理系统是强度的线性系统，满足强度叠加原理。
相干光信息处理满足复振幅叠加原理。
因为复振幅是复数，因此有可能完成加、减、乘、除、微分、积分等多种运算和傅里叶变换等。
在非相干光学系统中，光强只能取正值。
信息处理手段要少。
相干光学信息处理的缺点：（1）相干噪声和散斑噪声。
相干噪声：来源于灰尘、气泡、擦痕、指印、霉斑的衍射。
产生杂乱条纹，对图像叠加噪声。
散斑噪声：激光照射漫反射物体时（生物样品，或表面粗糙样品），物体表面各点反射光在空间相遇发生干涉，由于表面的无规则性，这种干涉也是无规则的，物体表面显出麻麻点点。
（2）输入输出问题相干光信息处理要求信息以复振幅形式在系统内传输，要制作透明片和激光照明。
而现代电光转换设备中CRT ，液晶显示，LED 输出均为非相干信号。
（3）激光为单色光，原则上只能处理单色光，不能处理彩色图像。
非相干光处理最大优越性是能够抑制噪声。
3.菲涅耳衍射和夫琅和费衍射的区别与联系。
按照近似程度的不同，衍射场的计算可分（1）菲涅尔衍射―――――观察屏离衍射物不太远（2）夫琅和费衍射―――――光源与观察屏距屏都相当于无穷远当满足菲涅耳衍射的充分条件[]2max20203)()(81y y x x z -+->>λ时)](2exp[*),()exp(12z)()(jk exp )y ,x (z j jkz)exp )y x,(220002020000y x zkj y x U jkz z j dy dx y y x x U U +λ-+-λ=⎰⎰∞∞＝〔（－可近似为000202000022)(2exp )(2exp ),()(2exp )exp(1),(dy dx y y x x z j y x z k j y x U y x z k j jkz z j y x U ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+λπ-⨯⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+⨯⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+λ=⎰⎰∞∞-z 增大到可略去，即⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+z y x jk 2exp 2020π<<+λπ22)(2max2020z y x 或max 2020)(21y x z +λ>>该范围内的衍射为夫琅和费衍射{})y ,x (U )zy x jk exp(z j )jkz exp(dy dx )y y x x (z j exp )y ,x (U )z y x jk exp(z j )jkz exp()y ,x (U 00020000000222222F +λ=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+λπ-+λ=⎰⎰∞∞-观察面上的场分布正比于孔径面上出射场的傅里叶变换。
中科院物理所固体物理博士入学考试试题
中科院物理所固体物理博士入学考试试题第一部分（共6题，选作4题，每题15分，共计60分；如多做，按前4题计分） 1. 从成键的角度阐述Ⅲ-Ⅴ 族和Ⅱ-Ⅵ 族半导体为啥能够形成同一种结构:闪锌矿结构。
2. 请导出一维双原子链的XXX散关系，并讨论在长波极限时光学波和声学波的原子振动特点。
3. 从声子的概念动身，推导并解释为啥在普通晶体中的低温晶格热容量和热导率满脚T3关系。
4. 设电子在一维弱周期势场V(x)中运动，其中V(x)= V(x+a)，按微扰论求出k=±π/a处的能隙。
5. 假设有一具理想的单层石墨片，其晶格振动有两个线性群散声学支和一具平方群散的声学支，分不是ω=c1k，ω=c2k，ω=c3k（其中c1，c2和c3(π/a)是同一量级的量，a是晶格常数）。
1）试从Debye模型动身讨论这种晶体的低温声子比热的温度依靠关系，并作图定性表示其函数行为；2）已知石墨片中的每一具碳原子贡献一具电子，试定性讨论电子在k空间的填充事情及其对低温比热的贡献事情。
6. 画出含有两个化合物并包含共晶反应和包晶反应的二元相图，注明相应的共晶和包晶反应的成分点和温度，写出共晶和包晶反应式。
第二部分（共9题，选做5题，每题8分，总计40分；如多做，按前5题计分）1. 从导电载流子的起源来看，有几种半导体2. 举出3种元激发，并加以简单讲明。
3. 固体中存在哪几种抗磁性铁磁性和反铁磁性是怎么样形成的铁磁和反铁磁材料在低温柔高温下的磁化有啥特点4. 简述固体光汲取过程的本证汲取、激子汲取及自由载流子汲取的特点，用光汲取的实验怎么确定半导体的带隙宽度5. 利用费米子统计和自由电子气体模型讲明低温下的电子比热满脚T线性关系。
6. 超导体的正常态和超导态的吉布斯自由能的差为μ0Hc2(T)，这个地方Hc是超导体的临界磁场，讲明在无磁场时的超导相变是二级相变，而有磁场时的相变为一级相变。
7. 啥是霍耳效应何时会浮现量子霍耳效应8. 假设一体心立方化合物的点阵常数为a，写出前5条衍射线的晶面间距d 值。
光电技术题目及答案 电科
I 区，RL<RLm 负载电阻的变化将引起输出电压的大幅度变化,而输出电流基本不变 II 区，RL>RLm 负载电阻的变化将引起输出电流的大幅度变化,而输出电压基本不变 如果 I 区为工作区，根据信号的输出方式又分为两种情况：1）如果是电流输出 有短路电流 与光功率成正比 i = isc = iϕ = SE E 这种输出方式下要求负载电阻（或放大器的输入阻抗）尽量小。 2）如果是电压输出 由于有最佳负载与其两端电压和光电流的关系 输出线性度要求，必须使负载电阻（或放大器的输入阻抗）稍低于 Rm 值。常取 RL=0.85Rm。 由于最佳负载随光照功率增大而减小，因此每个光电池的最佳负载线是一簇射线
中，为运算简便起见，令 C1 = 2πhc ， x =
2
hc k B λT
则 dx =
k hc dλ = − B Tx 2 dλ 2 hc kBλ T
5 5 C1 x 5 k B T h 5 c 5 (e x − 1)
将上述各量代入普朗克公式中，得到： M eλb (T ) =
根据维恩位移定：
5 5 dM eλb (T ) C1 k B T (e x − 1).5 x 4 − x 5 e x = =0 dx h5c5 (e x − 1)2
二、简答题 P52 1.大气湍流对光速传播有哪些影响？分别加以说明？ 答： （是一种无规则的漩涡流动，流体质点的运动轨迹十分复杂，既有横向运动，又有纵向 运动， 空间每一点的运动速度围绕某一平均值随机起伏。 这种湍流状态将使激光辐射在传播 过程中随机地改变其光波参量， 使光束质量受到严重影响， 出现所谓光束截面内的强度闪烁、 光束的弯曲和漂移（亦称方向抖动） 、光束弥散畸变以及空间相干性退化等现象，统称为大 气湍流效应） 大气湍流对光束传播的影响有：光束漂移、光束弯曲、光束强度闪烁、光束弥散畸变以及空 间相干性退化。 大气湍流对光束传播的影响与光束直径 dB 和湍流尺度 l 之比密切相关。 当 dB<<l 时，湍流的主要作用是使光束整体随机偏折，在远处接收平面上，光束中心得投射
成都光机所光学工程考研初试真题
成都光机所光学工程考研初试真题一、填空题1、在单缝衍射中，设缝宽为a，光源波长为入，透镜焦距为f'，则其衍射暗条纹间距e条纹间距同时可称为_____。
2、当保持入射光线的方向不变，而使平面镜转15°角，则反射光线将转动_____角。
3、光线通过平行平板折射后出射光线_____方向，但会产生轴向位移量，当平面板厚度为d，折射率为n，则在近轴入射时，轴向位移量为______。
4、在光的衍射装置中，一般有光源、衍射屏、观察屏，则衍射按照它们距离不同可分为两类，一类为另一类为_________。
5、光轴是晶体中存在的特殊方向，当光在晶体中沿此方向传播时不产生，on，（n.的单轴晶体称为_________。
6、1/4波片的附加相位差为_________。
线偏振光通过1/4波片后，出射光将变为_________。
7、单个折射球面横向放大率B=_________，当-1<β<0时，成像性质为_________。
8、两列波相干的条件_________、_________。
9、假设光波的偏振度为p，则p=0时表示_________，p=1时表示，0<p<1时表示_________。
10、菲涅尔圆孔衍射图样的中心点可能是_________的，也可能是_________的，而夫琅和费衍射图样的中心点是_________的。
11、光波的振动方向与传播方向互相，所以光波是_________。
12、当自然光以布儒斯特角入射至两各向同性介质界面上，其反射光为_________偏振光，折射光为_________偏振光。
13、光线通过双平面镜后，其入射光线与出射光线的夹角为50°，则双平面镜的夹角为_________。
14、在迈克尔逊干涉仪中，用单色光源直接照明，若反射镜M，、M2严格垂直，则此时发生（等倾或等厚）干涉，可观察到_________（描述条纹特点），若M与M2间的厚_________度每减少的距离，在条纹中心就_________一个条纹.15、制进入光学系统的成像光束口径的光阑称为_________，限制物体成像范围的光阑称为_________能够在像平面上获得足够清晰像的空间深度称为_________。
201103中科院成都光电所博士光学试题
中科院成都光电所2011年3月博士入学考试光学试题
1. 选择题（2’×4=8’）
1) F-P标准具的主要用途
2) 干涉发生的必要条件
3) 微波显微镜与光学显微镜分辨率差异的主要原因
4) 彩虹的成因
2. 简答（3’ ×10=30’）
1) 几何光学与物理光学的区别？
2) 几何光学三定律
3) 评价光学系统的方法有哪些？
4) 光能在弯曲的光纤中传输的原因
5) 宇航员能否裸眼从月球上看到长城？
6) 象差有哪几种？
7) 物沿透镜的光轴移动时，像的移动方向？
8) 一个身高1.8m的人要从镜子中看到自己的全身像，镜子至少要多高？
9) 视场光阑与孔径光阑的区别？
10) 近视眼戴哪种眼镜？
3. 解释实像、虚像、实物、虚物的物理意义
4. 填充光学元件，使光路成立
5. 在杨氏实验装置中，两小孔的间距为0.5mm，光屏离小孔距离为50cm，当以折射率为
1.60的透明薄片贴住其中一个小孔时，发现屏上的条纹移动了1cm，试确定薄片的厚度。
（具体数据不记得了，参考梁铨廷物理光学习题）
6. 证明对于多层膜来说，光的入射和出射方向与介质中间层的折射率无关，只与两端介质
折射率有关
7. 列举出两种测量极细金属丝直径的方法
8. 望远镜受衍射限制能分辨的双星视角为0.05’’，物镜的直径有多大？
9. 光有几种偏振态，如何区分检测？
10. 是否有可能设计出10000倍显微镜？。
光电信息面试题目(3篇)
第1篇一、基本概念题1. 请简述光电信息技术的定义及其在现代社会中的应用。
2. 什么是光电转换？请列举两种光电转换的应用实例。
3. 简述光通信系统的基本组成及其工作原理。
4. 请简述光纤的分类及其特点。
5. 什么是激光？请列举激光的三个特点。
6. 请简述光电子器件的基本工作原理。
7. 什么是光电探测？请列举三种光电探测技术。
8. 简述光电信息系统的基本组成及其工作原理。
二、光学原理题1. 请简述光的波动性、粒子性和几何光学的基本原理。
2. 什么是光的干涉？请简述光的干涉现象及产生干涉的条件。
3. 什么是光的衍射？请简述光的衍射现象及产生衍射的条件。
4. 什么是光的偏振？请简述光的偏振现象及产生偏振的条件。
5. 请简述全息照相的基本原理及特点。
6. 什么是光纤通信中的色散现象？请简述其产生的原因及解决办法。
7. 请简述光纤通信中的非线性效应及其影响。
8. 什么是光学成像？请简述光学成像的原理及影响因素。
三、光电子器件题1. 请简述光电二极管的工作原理及其应用。
2. 什么是光敏电阻？请简述光敏电阻的工作原理及其特点。
3. 请简述光电耦合器的工作原理及其应用。
4. 什么是光电探测器？请列举三种光电探测器的类型及其特点。
5. 请简述激光二极管的工作原理及其应用。
6. 什么是光放大器？请简述光放大器的工作原理及其应用。
7. 请简述光开关的工作原理及其应用。
8. 什么是光调制器？请简述光调制器的工作原理及其应用。
四、光纤通信题1. 请简述光纤通信的基本原理及特点。
2. 什么是光纤通信中的传输损耗？请列举影响光纤传输损耗的因素。
3. 请简述光纤通信中的色散现象及其影响。
4. 什么是光纤通信中的非线性效应？请简述其产生的原因及解决办法。
5. 请简述光纤通信系统的基本组成及其工作原理。
6. 什么是光纤通信中的光接口？请简述光接口的作用及类型。
7. 请简述光纤通信中的传输介质及其特点。
8. 什么是光纤通信中的传输网络？请简述传输网络的基本组成及其功能。
光电材料导论考研真题试卷
光电材料导论考研真题试卷一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪一项不是光电材料的基本特性？- A. 光吸收- B. 电导率- C. 机械强度- D. 光发射2. 光电效应是指：- A. 光的反射- B. 光的折射- C. 光能转换为电能- D. 电能转换为光能3. 以下材料中，哪一个通常不被用作光电材料？- A. 硅- B. 锗- C. 玻璃- D. 硫化镉4. 光电二极管的工作原理是：- A. PN结的正向偏置- B. PN结的反向偏置- C. 肖特基势垒- D. 金属-半导体接触5. 光纤通信中使用的光纤材料通常是：- A. 单晶硅- B. 多晶硅- C. 石英玻璃- D. 硫化镉二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述光电材料在太阳能电池中的应用原理。
2. 描述光电材料的制备方法，并举例说明。
3. 解释什么是光电子学，并说明其在现代科技中的重要性。
三、计算题（每题15分，共30分）1. 假设一个光电二极管在光照下产生电流I，已知光照强度为P，光子能量为E，电子电荷为e。
如果光电二极管的量子效率为η，求该二极管的光电流。
2. 考虑一个光纤通信系统，已知光纤的损耗系数为α，信号在光纤中传播的距离为L。
如果系统的接收端需要达到一定的信噪比，计算系统的最大传输距离。
四、论述题（每题20分，共20分）1. 论述光电材料在现代显示技术中的应用，并分析其发展趋势。
结束语：光电材料导论是一门涉及物理、化学、材料科学和电子工程等多个学科的交叉学科。
掌握光电材料的基本原理和特性对于理解其在现代技术中的应用至关重要。
希望这份试卷能够帮助考生复习和巩固相关知识。
祝考试顺利！。
光电习题
第一、二章一、选择题1.一个高灵敏度、高分辨率和极为复杂而精巧的光传感器是（）A 人眼B 光电倍增管C 半导体光敏器件2.明视觉可以分辨物体的（）A 细节和颜色B 明暗C 层次3.暗视觉可以分辨物体的（）A 细节和颜色B 明暗C 层次4.视力为1.0的人，一般可分辨的视角是（）A 1’B 1’’C 0.1°5.人眼感知灵敏度最高的颜色（）A 红色B 绿色C 蓝色6.波长在什么值处，即使波长相差不到1nm，人眼仍能发现颜色的差别（）A 480nmB 550nmC 600nmD 700nm7.明视觉的视见函数的最大值出现在（）A 550nmB 555nmC 560nm8.暗视觉的视见函数的最导致出现在（）A 550nmB 600nmC 700nm9.可检测出物体的亮度等级和空间分布的光电器件是（）A 光电检测器件B 光电成像器件C 光控制器件10.光的直线传播概念能解释（），光的量子论能解释（）A 光的干涉B 光偏振C 光衍射D 光折射11.辐照度与福出射度的单位（）A 相同B 不同12.照度与光源至被照面的距离（）A 有关B 无关13.人眼的明视觉最灵敏波长的光度参量对辐射度参量的转换常数为（），暗视觉情况下为（）A 683lm/WB 783lm/WC 883lm/WD 1120lm/WE 1625lm/WF 1725lm/WG 1825lm/W14.色温越高的辐射体，光照效能越（），光度量越（）A 高B 低15.半导体的电阻温度系数一般为（），金属的一般为（）A 正B 负16.原子中同属一个量子态的电子数量为（）A 一个B 两个C 三个D 四个17.半导体主要靠空穴导电的是（），靠电子的是（）A 本证半导体B N型半导体C P型半导体18.费米能级一般在（）A 导带B 价带C 禁带19.热平衡时，电子占据某一能级的E的几率是（）A 一定的B 不一定的20.热平衡时，本证半导体内部的两种载流子浓度的乘积比掺杂半导体中的（）A 大B 小21.温度升高时，N型半导体中（），P型半导体中（）A n=pB n>pC n<p22.非平衡载流子的寿命越长，复合率（），非平衡载流子增加，复合率（）A 越大B 越小C 不变23.漂移电流的主要贡献是由（），扩散电流的主要贡献是由（）A 多数载流子B 少数载流子24.电子的迁移率比空穴的迁移率（）A 大B 小C 相同25.杂质吸收的长波限比本证吸收的长波限（）A 大B 小C 相同26.激子吸收能否产生电流（）A 能 B不能27.PN结的电流随外加电压变化的关系为（），肖特基势垒的电流随外加电压的变化关系为（）A 正比B 反比C 指数关系28.注入接触的电流随外加电压变化的关系为（），欧姆接触的为（）A 正比B 反比C 指数关系29.光电导的灵敏度与非平衡载流子寿命的关系为（），与外加电压的关系为（），与载流子在两极间的渡越时间的关系为（），光电导的弛豫时间与非平衡载流子寿命的关系为（）A 正比B 反比C 指数关系30.线性光电导的弛豫时间与光强的关系为（），抛物线型的（）A 线性B 非线性C 无关31.在内建电场的作用下发生的光生伏特效应的半导体是（），产生丹倍效应的半导体是（）A 均匀半导体B 不均匀半导体32.发射出光电子的最大动能与光强的关系（），与频率的关系（），与光电阴极的逸出功（）A 有关B 无关33.发射出的光电子数与入射光的频率（），与光电阴极上的入射光强（）二、问答题1.什么是视见函数？2.光的波长范围？可见光、紫外光和红外光的波长范围？3.辐射度量和光度量的根本区别？4.什么是辐射通量与光通量，各自的单位是什么？如何进行二者单位间的换算？5.写出辐射通量、辐射照度、辐射亮度、辐射出射度、辐射强度的数学表达式及单位。
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中科院成都光电所2011年3月博士入学考试光学试题
1. 选择题（2’×4=8’）
1) F-P标准具的主要用途
2) 干涉发生的必要条件
3) 微波显微镜与光学显微镜分辨率差异的主要原因
4) 彩虹的成因
2. 简答（3’ ×10=30’）
1) 几何光学与物理光学的区别？
2) 几何光学三定律
3) 评价光学系统的方法有哪些？
4) 光能在弯曲的光纤中传输的原因
5) 宇航员能否裸眼从月球上看到长城？
6) 象差有哪几种？
7) 物沿透镜的光轴移动时，像的移动方向？
8) 一个身高1.8m的人要从镜子中看到自己的全身像，镜子至少要多高？
9) 视场光阑与孔径光阑的区别？
10) 近视眼戴哪种眼镜？
3. 解释实像、虚像、实物、虚物的物理意义
4. 填充光学元件，使光路成立
5. 在杨氏实验装置中，两小孔的间距为0.5mm，光屏离小孔距离为50cm，当以折射率为
1.60的透明薄片贴住其中一个小孔时，发现屏上的条纹移动了1cm，试确定薄片的厚度。
（具体数据不记得了，参考梁铨廷物理光学习题）
6. 证明对于多层膜来说，光的入射和出射方向与介质中间层的折射率无关，只与两端介质
折射率有关
7. 列举出两种测量极细金属丝直径的方法
8. 望远镜受衍射限制能分辨的双星视角为0.05’’，物镜的直径有多大？
9. 光有几种偏振态，如何区分检测？
10. 是否有可能设计出10000倍显微镜？。