水文水资源标准术语英文版
水利水电工程专业英语——水文及水资源篇
水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇1. Hydrological Cycle and Budget1.水文循环与预算Hydrology is an earth science. It encompasses the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of the waters of the earth and their environmental relations. Closely allied fields include geology, climatology, meteorology and oceanography.水文学是一门地球科学。
它包含地球水资源的发生、分布、运动和特质，以及其环境关系。
与之密切相关领域包括地质学，气候学，气象学和海洋学。
The hydrologic cycle is a continuous process by which water is transported from the oceans to the atmosphere to the land and back to the sea. Many sub-cycles exist. The evaporation of inland water and its subsequent precipitation over land before returning to the ocean is one example. The driving force for the global water transport system is provided by the sun, which furnishes the energy required for evaporation. Note that the water quality also changes during passage through the cycle; for example, sea water is converted to fresh water through evaporation.水文循环是一个连续的过程，在这个过程中水从海洋被运输到大气中，降落到陆地，然后回到海洋。
水文专业术语
水文频率分析hydrologic frequency analysis防洪标准criterion of flood control库调洪计算reservoir routing排灌用泵irrigation and drainage pump圣维南方程组de Saint-Venant system of equations水流连续性方程continuity equation of water flow水流能量方程energy equation of flow明渠恒定均匀流steady uniform flow in open channel明渠恒定非均匀流steady non-uniform flow in open channel河槽形势river channel feature河口水流current in estuaries河口泥沙运动sediment movement in estuaries河口治理improvement of estuary流域产沙sediment yield in a basin水流的紊动混合turbulent mixing in flowing water泥沙测验sediment measurement水面蒸发evaporation from water surface流域总蒸发total evaporation水文资料hydrologic data历史洪水historical flood水文估计量的抽样误差sampling error of hydrologic estimator 水文随机变量hydrologic random variable水文时间序列分析analysis of hydrologic time series 承压水confined groundwater承压水(confined groundwater流域规划watershed planning河流补给fee** of a river汇流runoff concentration水位观测stage measurement水文计算hydrological computation水文预报hydrologic forecasting流域watershed,catchment，river drainage basin渗透infiltrate再补充replenish饱和带saturate zone综合单位线synthetic unit hydrograph瞬时单位线instantaneous unit hydrograph滞时lag time雨量计图hyetograph强暴雨intense storm溢洪道spillway泄洪道floodway河道流量，河川径流stream flow地形topography降雨，降水precipitation引水量intake分流diversion滞洪区域detention basin闸门gate输水管，管道conduit堰顶crest库容与水位关系曲线storage capacity versus elevation curve 坝址dam site出流outflow退水曲线recession curve消力池，静水池stilling basin耗水（量）cinsumptive use子流域subbasin腾发（量）evapotraspiration蒸腾（量）transpiration回归水return flow漫灌，淹灌floo**阵雨shower地下水位water table（土壤）质地texture枯萎wilt源头headwater不透水层water-impermeable layer持水力retention入渗，渗透infiltration水力传导度hydraulic conductivity孔隙率porosity含水层aquifer滞水层aquiclude补充，回灌replention渗水，渗漏seepage包气带aeration隔水层，弱透水层aquitard潜水含水层unconfined aquitfer承压含水层cinfined aquitfer贮水系数coefficient of storage导水系数transmissivity渗透系数permeability地表排水surface-drainage地下排水subsurface-drainage小排放量的河槽low-capacity-disposal channel 蓄水，积水pon**沟槽，排水沟ditch堤，堤防levee涵洞，排水道culvert翻板闸门flapgate排入水流indraining stream截水沟interceptor drain蓄水，拦蓄impoundment淹没inundation洪峰，洪峰流量peak flood flow降雨强度rainfall intensity死库容inactive storage capacity有效库容active storage capacity单位势能specific potential energy动能linetic energy水头差cross-head水系，河道watercourse引水divert排放，放水discharge建筑物arrangement输水系统，输水管线conveyyance system 出水口，泄水孔outlet outsluice几何形态geometric configuration稳定结构，稳定形态resistant formation临界断面critical section河道纵坡longitudinal graditent。
(完整word版)水文专业英语
水文学与水文地质学英文术语河流阶地：river terrace面源：area source线源：line source点源：point source 非点源：non-point source groundwater 潜水groundwater artery 地下水干道groundwater barrier 地下水堡坝groundwater basin 地下水盆地groundwater capture 地下水袭夺groundwater cascade 地下水小瀑布groundwater cement 潜水泥groundwater dam 地下水坝groundwater discharge 地下水排泄groundwater divide 地下分水界groundwater flow 地下径流groundwater inventory 地下水总量目录groundwater level 地下水位groundwater mound 地下水土丘groundwater province 地下水区groundwater recession 地下水后退groundwater recession curve 地下水后退曲线groundwater reservoir 地下水储集groundwater runoff 地下径流groundwater simulation 地下模拟groundwater spring 潜水泉groundwater table 地下水位group 群exploitable groundwater 地下水可开采量groundwater depression cone 地下水下降漏斗字段名英文名站码station code 站名station name流域名称basin name 水系名称hydrometric net code河流名称river name 施测项目码item code of obervation行政区划码administration division code水资源分区码code of water resources regionalization设站年份year of station establishment 设站月份month of station establishment撤站年份year of withdrawal of station 撤站月份month of withdrawal of station集水面积drainage area 流入何处flowing-to至河口距离distance to river mouth 基准基面名称name of fiducial datum领导机关leading agency (administration agency) 管理单位administration站址station location 东经longitude北纬latitude 测站等级grade of hydrometric station报汛等级grade of Flood-Reporting Station 备注note站点码station point code 站点名station point name测流方法observation method 控水目的purpose of control water project控水工程类型control water project type 控水工程代码code of control water project控水工程运行规则operation regulation of control water project推流参数parameter of discharge computation 引水点名Location name of pumping排水点名Location name of surface drainage实际最大灌溉面积maximum area of practical irrigation上界站站码station code of upper boundary station至上界站河段长length of reach to upper bound station下界站站码code of lower bound station至下界站河段长length of reach to lower bound station高差基数base of difference in elevation流域水系码codes of hydrographic net of a basin区码code of zone 区名zone name区类zone type 水体总容量total capacity of water bodies 灌溉水田面积area of rice paddy irrigated 灌溉面积irrigation area城市人口urban population 工业总产值gross industrial output value 调查资料来源单位office recording investigation data水库和水闸控制面积drainage area of reservoir or weir or sluice调查面积investigation area 量算地图比例尺scale of measured map连通试验可靠等级reliability rank of connectivity pair test旁证资料可靠等级reliability level of data witness面积成果合理性等级reliability rank of area data直接上级区名zone name of prime at first 调查报告编号investigation report number 地理包含关系geography contain relation 站点类别station point category相关站码correlative station code 关系标识relationship ID关系说明relationship illustration 主断面迁移号migration numbers of main cross section 断面名称cross section name 断面位置location of cross section变动年份changed Year 变动月份changed month变动日changed day 同系列标志series marker变动情况changed conditions 水尺名称gage name水尺型式gage type 水尺质料material of gage自记台类型type of stage recorder 水尺位置location of gage使用情况use condition 河段情况river reach circumstance图类型graph type 图标题graph title图graph MIME类型MIME type水准点编号benchmark number 水准点类型benchmark type变动日期date of Setup or change 采用基面名称adoption datum name冻结或测站基面以上高程elevation above stationary datum绝对或假定基面以上高程elevation above absolute or arbitrary datum绝对基面名称name of absolute or arbitrary datum水准点型式benchmark style 水准点位置benchmark location引据水准点编号number of benchmark from which elevation is measured变动原因cause of change 工程名称engineering name工程名称代码engineering name code 开始蓄水年份begin storing water year开始蓄水月份begining month of storing water 校核洪水位check flood stage校核库容check storage capacity of reservoir 设计洪水位design flood stage设计库容reservoir capacity corresponding to DSFLZ正常高水位normal high water level 正常库容Normal reservoir storage死水位dead pool level 死库容dead reservoir capacity溢洪道号spillway number 竣工年份completion year竣工月份completion month 溢洪道长度spillway length溢洪道堰顶高程elevation of spillway crest 溢洪道堰顶宽width of spillway crest溢洪道设计最大流量maximum designed discharge of spillway闸组号gate group number 孔型type of sluice or hole孔数count of sluice or hole 孔高sluice or hole height孔宽sluice or hole width设计最大流量maximum designed discharge of sluice or tunnel翼墙型式wing wall type 墩头型式type of pier head of sluice or tunnel 堰顶闸底形状shape of weir crest or sluice bed 工程地址location of engineering设计灌溉面积design irrigated area due to sluice or tunnel控制面积control area 总库容total reservoir capacity最大实灌面积actually irrigated area due to sluice or tunnel最大实引排水量maximum volume of actual diversion or drainage仪器口径mouth diameter of rain gauge 仪器精度precision of rain gauge记录模式recording mode 获值模式sensing mode绝对高程elevation above absolute datum器口离地面高度instrument height above ground非汛期观测段制observation regime in nonflood season汛期观测段制observation regime in flood season蒸发场位置特征character of location of evaporation-gauging仪器型式type of instrument(equipment) 附近地势nearby topography四周障碍物obstacles around station 起时间beginning time止时间end time起始日期beginning date 旬起始日期beginning date of a period of ten days 日期date 降水量precipitation降水量注解码remark code of precipitation 降水日数number of precipitation days降水日数注解码remark code of number of precipitation days最大降水量maximum precipitation 最大降水量时段长maximum precipitation duration 最大日降水量maximum daily precipitation最大日降水量注解码remark code of maximum daily precipitation最大日降水量出现日期occurring date of maximum daily precipitation终霜日期date of frost disappearance 初霜日期date of frost appearance终雪日期date of snow disappearance 初雪日期date of snow appearance终冰日期date of ice disappearance 初冰日期date of ice appearance蒸发器型式type of evaporation equipment 水面蒸发量surface evaporation水面蒸发量注解码remark code of evaporation最大日水面蒸发量maximum daily evaporation最大日水面蒸发量注解码remark code of maximum daily evaporation最大日水面蒸发量出现日期occurring date of maximum daily evaporation最小日水面蒸发量minimum daily surface evaporation最小日水面蒸发量注解码remark code of minimum daily surface evaporation最小日水面蒸发量出现日期occurring date of minimum daily surface evaporation观测高度observation height 气温air temperature气温注解码remark code air temperature 平均气温average air temperature平均气温注解码remark code of average air temperature最高气温注解码remark code of maximum air temperature最高气温日期date of maximum air temperature 最高气温maximum air temperature最低气温minimum air temperature最低气温注解码remark code of minimum air temperature最低气温日期date of minimum air temperature水汽压vapour pressure 水汽压注解码remark code of vapour pressure 平均水汽压average vapor pressure平均水汽压注解码remark code of average vapor pressure水汽压力差difference of vapour pressure 风速wind velocity水汽压力差注解码remark code of difference of vapour pressure平均水汽压力差average vapor pressure difference平均水汽压力差注解码remark code of average vapor pressure difference风速注解码remark code of wind velocity 平均风速average wind velocity平均风速注解码remark code of average wind velocity闸上水位stage in Sluice Upstream 闸上水位注解码remark code of upsluice stage 闸下水位down sluice stage 闸下水位注解码remark code of downsluice stage 坝上水位stage behind dam 坝上水位注解码remark code of the stage behind dam 水位stage 水位注解码remark code of stage平均水位average stage 平均水位注解码remark code of average stage最高水位maximum stage 最高水位注解码remark code of maximum stage 最高水位日期occurring date of maximum stage最低水位minimum stage 最低水位注解码remark code of date of minimum stage 最低水位日期date of minimum stage 保证率reliability of stage保证率水位reliability stage 流量discharge保证率水位注解码remark code of reliability stage平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge最大流量maximum discharge 平均流量average discharge最大流量注解码remark code of maximum discharge最大流量日期date of maximum discharge最小流量minimum discharge 最小流量日期date of minimum discharge最小流量注解码remark code of minimum discharge蓄水量Reservoir Storage 径流量runoff径流量注解码remark code of runoff 径流模数runoff modulus径流深runoff in depth 最大洪量maximum flood volume最大洪量时段长duration of maximum flood volume泥沙类型sediment type 含沙量sediment concentration平均含沙量average sediment concentration平均含沙量注解码remark code of average sediment concentration最大含沙量maximum sediment concentration最大含沙量注解码remark code of maximum sediment concentration最大含沙量日期date of maximum sediment concentration最小含沙量minimum sediment concentration最小含沙量注解码remark code of minimum sediment concentration最小含沙量日期date of minimum sediment concentration平均输沙率average sediment discharge平均输沙率注解码remark code of average sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率maximum average of daily sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率注解码remark code of maximum average of daily sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率出现日期occurring date of maximum average of daily sediment discharge输沙量sediment runoff 输沙量注解码remark code of sediment runoff输沙模数sediment runoff modulus 上限粒径upper limit particle size采样仪器型号model number of sampling instrument采样效率系数efficiency coefficient of sampling平均沙重百分数average percent of sediment weight中数粒径median particle diameter 平均粒径average particle diameter最大粒径maximum particle diameter 水温water temperature水温注解码remark code of water temperature平均水温注解码remark code of average water temperature最高水温maximum water temperature 平均水温average water temperature最高水温注解码remark code of maximum water temperature最高水温日期occurring date of maximum water temperature最低水温minimum water temperature 冰情注解码remark code of ice condition最低水温注解码remark code of minimum water temperature最低水温日期date of minimum water temperature河心冰厚ice thickness at river center 岸边冰厚Thickness of Border Ice冰上雪深snow depth on ice 岸上气温air temperature on bank解冻日期date of ice break up 封冻日期ice freeze up date上半年封冻天数number of actual freeze up days in first half of year下半年封冻天数number of actual freeze up days in second half of year终止流冰日期end date of ice run 开始流冰日期beginning date of ice run河心最大冰厚maximum ice thickness at river center河心最大冰厚出现日期occurring date of the maximum ice thickness at river center岸边最大冰厚Maximum thickness of border Ice岸边最大冰厚出现日期occurring date of maximum thickness of border ice最大流冰块长度maximum length of ice floe 最大流冰块宽度maximum width of ice floe 最大流冰块冰速maximum velocity of ice floe断面平均冰速average ice flow velocity at cross section最大冰上雪深maximum snow depth on ice最大冰上雪深出现日期occurring date of maximum snow depth on ice春季最大冰流量maximum ice discharge in spring春季最大冰流量注解码remark code of maximum ice discharge in spring春季最大冰流量日期occurring date of ice discharge in spring冬季最大冰流量maximum ice discharge in winter冬季最大冰流量注解码remark code of occurring data of maximum ice discharge in winter冬季最大冰流量日期occurring data of maximum ice discharge in winter春季总冰流量gross ice discharge in spring春季总冰流量注解码remark code of gross ice discharge in spring冬季总冰流量注解码remark code of ice discharge in winter年总冰流量yearly total ice discharge 冬季总冰流量gross ice discharge in winter年总冰流量注解码remark code yearly total ice discharge平均冰流量注解码remark code of average ice discharge总冰流量total of ice discharge 平均冰流量average ice discharge总冰流量注解码remark code of total of ice discharge 最大冰流量maximum ice discharge 最大冰流量注解码remark code of maximum ice discharge最大冰流量日期date of maximum ice discharge潮别tidal type 潮位tidal level潮位注解码remark code of tidal level 潮差tidal range历时duration 潮流量tidal discharge潮量tidal volume 潮输沙率tidal sediment discharge潮输沙量tidal sediment runoff 平均高潮潮位average high tidal level平均高潮潮位注解码remark of average high tidal level stage最高高潮位Maximum high tidal stage最高高潮位注解码remark code of Maximum high tidal stage最高高潮位出现时间occurring time of Maximum high tidal stage最低高潮位minimum high tidal stage最低高潮位注解码remark code of minimum high water level最低高潮位出现时间occurring time of minimum high tidal stage平均低潮潮位average low tidal level平均低潮潮位注解码remark of average low tidal level最高低潮位maximum low tidal stage最高低潮位注解码remark code of maxiumm low tidal stage最高低潮位出现时间occurring time of maximum low tidal stage最低低潮位minimum low tidal stage最低低潮位注解码remark code of minimum low tidal stage最低低潮位出现时间occurring time of minimum low tidal stage平均涨潮潮差average of flood tide range平均涨潮潮差注解码remark code of average of flood tide range最大涨潮潮差maximum flood tidal range最大涨潮潮差注解码remark code of maximum flood tidal range最大涨潮潮差(高潮)时间time of maximum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差minimum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差注解码remark code of minimum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差(高潮)时间high tidal time of minimum flood tidal range平均落潮潮差average ebb tide range平均落潮潮差注解码remark code of average of ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差maximum ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差注解码remark code of maximum ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差(高潮)时间high water occurring time of maximum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差minimum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差注解码remark code of minimum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差(高潮)时间high water occurring time of minimum ebb tidal range平均涨潮历时average flood tidal duration平均涨潮历时注解码remark code of average of flood tidal range最长涨潮历时maximum flood tidal duration最长涨潮历时注解码remark code of maximum flood tide duration最长涨潮历时(高潮)时间high water occurring time of maximum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时minimum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时注解码remark code of minimum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时(高潮)时间high tidal time of minimum flood tidal duration平均落潮历时mean ebb tide duration平均落潮历时注解码remark code of mean ebb tide duration最长落潮历时maximum ebb tidal duration最长落潮历时注解码remark code of maximum ebb tidal duration最长落潮历时(高潮)时间high water occurring time of maximum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时minimum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时注解码remark code of minimum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时(高潮)时间high tidal time of Minimum ebb tidal duration逐时平均潮位hourly average tidal stage逐时平均潮位注解码remark code of hourly average tidal stage平均潮差average tide range平均潮差注解码remark code of yearly average tide range平均历时average tidal duration平均历时注解码remark code of average tidal duration施测日期beginning date of measurement 测次号observation number垂线号numbers of typical verticals 起点距distance from initial point河底高程river bed elevation 河底高程注解码remark code of river bed elevation 测时水位stage during observation测时水位注解码remark code of stage during observation垂线方位vertical azimuth断面名称及位置cross section name and location 测次说明note引用施测日期date of quoted observation 引用测次号number of quoted observation 引用起始起点距beginning distance from initial point引用终止起点距end distance from initial point岸别符号bank symbol 痕迹类型trace type点编号point code 点详细位置point detailed location点东经point east longitude 点北纬point north latitude点高程point elevation 点参数point parameter指认人及印象witness man's impression目击和旁证可靠等级reliability rank of witness痕迹和标志物可靠等级reliability level of trace or flag估计误差范围estimation error range 调查日期investigation date起始年beginning year 起始月beginning month起始日beginning day 起始时beginning hour起始分beginning minute 终止年end year终止月end month 终止日end day终止时end hour 终止分end minute雨情描述description of rainfall information 重现期Recurrence Interval重现期统计截止年cut-off year of statistics of recurrence interval目击和水痕可靠等级reliability rank of witness or trace承雨器障碍物可靠等级reliability level of rain collector barrier before rainfall承雨器雨前可靠等级reliability level of rain collector before rainfall承雨器漫溢渗漏可靠等级reliability level of loss quantity of rain collector seepage or overflow 水位可靠等级reliability level of stage 水流边界flow boundary推算流量方法method of discharge computation推算流量资料可靠等级reliability level of data used in discharge computation推算流量方法可靠等级reliability level of method of discharge computation推算流量成果合理性等级reliability level of discharge computation次水量water volume of one flood 水情描述description of hydrological information 流量施测号数number of discharge observation测流起时间beginning time of flow measurment测流止时间end time of flow measurement测流方法Method of flow measurement 基本水尺水位base gage stage流量注解码remark code of discharge 断面总面积total of cross section area断面过水面积wetted cross-section area 断面面积注解码remark code of cross section area 断面平均流速average flow velocity at a cross-section断面最大流速maximum flow velocity at a cross-section水面宽top width断面平均水深Average water depth at cross section断面最大水深maximum water depth水浸冰冰底宽ice bottom width 水浸冰冰底平均水深ice bottom average depth水浸冰冰底最大水深ice bottom maximum depth水面比降surface slope 糙率roughness时段类别category of interval 水量类别category of water quantity水量water quantity 水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity 年实测水量占比percent of observation water-quantity in total水量计算方法可靠等级reliability level of estimation method of water quantity水量成果合理性等级fitness rank of water quantity data起时间闸(坝)上水位upstream stage of beginning time起时间闸(坝)上水位注解码remark code of upstream stage at beginning time起时间闸(坝)下水位downstream stage at beginning time起时间闸(坝)下水位注解码remark code of downstream stage of beginning time最大流量出现时间Occurring Time of Maxmum Discharge实测蓄水变量observed water storage 调查蓄水变量investigation storage实测灌溉还原水量observed restoring water quantity in irrigation调查灌溉还原水量restoring water quantity of investigation in irrigation水平梯田拦蓄地面径流量surface water runoff catched by level terraced field工业生活还原水量restoring water quantity of industrial water or domestic water实测工业生活还原水量observed water quantity of industrial water or domestic water区内除涝排水量water quantity of waterlogging control in zone实测区内除涝排水量observed water quantity of waterlogging control in zone跨流域引水量water quantity of interbasin transfer实测跨流域引水量observed water quantity of interbasin transfer跨区回归水量return flow in cross zone实测跨区回归水量observed return flow in cross zone跨区回归水量测算方法estimation method of return flow in cross zone跨区溃坝水量water quantity of cross zone dam-break实测跨区溃坝水量observed water quantity of cross zone dam-break跨区溃坝水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity of cross zone dam-break溃坝还原水量restoring water quantity in dam-break跨区分洪水量water quantity of cross zone flood diversion实测跨区分洪水量observed water quantity of cross zone flood diversion跨区分洪水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity of cross zone flood diversion分洪还原水量restoring water quantity of flood diversion跨区决口水量water quantity of cross zone branching实测跨区决口水量observed water quantity of cross zone branching跨区决口水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity of cross zone branching决口还原水量restoring water quantity of bursting暗河交换水量exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量估算方法method of estimating exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量参证站相似程度similar level of bench-mark station of exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量平衡程度balance level of exchange water between underground rivers跨区渗漏水量water quantity of cross zone seepage浅层地下水还原水量restoring water quantity of shallow groundwater实测浅层地下水还原水量observed restoring water quantity of shallow underground water浅层地下水还原水量测算方法estimation method of restoring water quantity of shallow groundwater深层地下水还原水量restoring water quantity of deep-layer groundwater实测深层地下水还原水量observed restoring water quantity of deep layer underground water深层地下水还原水量测算方法restoring water quantity of deep-layer groundwater泉水出露量capacity of spring 总进水量total inflow runoff总出水量total outflow runoff 降水总量precipitation蒸散发总量total evapotranspiration蓄水水面蒸发增损水量water quantity extracted by evaporation on water surface出口水体起时间水位stage of overflow water body at beginning time出口水体起时间蓄水量storage of overflow water body at beginning time输沙率施测号数number of sediment discharge observation测沙起时间beginning time of sediment concentration measurement测沙止时间end time of sediment concentration measurement测沙断面位置location of cross section for sediment concentration measurement取样方法sampling method断面平均含沙量average sediment concentration at cross-section断面平均含沙量注解码remark code of average sediment concentration at cross section单样含沙量index sediment concentration单样含沙量测验方法observational method of index sediment concentration悬移质输沙率suspended sediment discharge悬移质输沙率注解码remark code of suspended sediment discharge推移质输沙率bed load sediment discharge推移质输沙率注解码remark code of bed load sediment discharge单样推移质输沙率index bed load sediment discharge推移质平均底速average velocity of bed load推移带宽度width of bed load sediment discharge断面平均单宽输沙率average sediment discharge in unit width at cross section垂线最大输沙率maximum vertical sediment discharge垂线最大输沙率相应起点距distance of maximum vertical sediment discharge from initial point 单断沙码code of index or cross sectional sediment起始施测号begin observation number 终止施测号end observation number取样起时间beginning time of sampling 取样止时间end time of sampling沙重百分数sediment weight percent 最大颗粒重量sediment maximum particle weight 最大颗粒起点距distance from initial point where measuring the maximum particle平均沉速mean settling velocity 施测水温water temperature at measurement粒径分析方法analysis method of particle side 注解码remark code沙量类别category of silt-quantity 沙量silt-quantity沙量测算方法estimation method of silt-quantity年实测沙量占比percent of observation silt-quantity in total沙量测算方法可靠等级reliability level of estimation method of silt-quantity沙量成果合理性等级reliability level of silt-quantity data水量资料可靠等级reliability level of water quantity source冲淤量sediment quantity of scour-silt实测冲淤量observed sediment quantity of scour-silt灌溉挟沙量silt-quantity taked through irrigation实测灌溉挟沙量observed sediment discharge of irrigation工业生活挟沙量sediment discharge of industrial water or domestic water实测工业生活挟沙量observed sediment discharge of industrial water or domestic water跨流域引水挟沙量silt-quantity taked through interbasin transfer实测跨流域引水挟沙量observed sediment quantity taked by interbasin transfer溃坝冲淤量sediment quantity of scour-silt in dam-break实测溃坝冲淤量observed silt-quantity of scour-silt in dam-break分洪冲淤量sediment quantity of scour-silt in flood diversion实测分洪冲淤量observed silt-quantity of scour or sedimentation in flood diversion决口冲淤量degradation or sedimentation in bursting实测决口冲淤量observed sediment quantity of scour-silt in branching总进沙量total inflow silt-quantity 总出沙量total outflow silt-quantity测次起时间beginning time of observation测次止时间end time of observation 测验断面位置location of cross section冰流量ice discharge 冰流量注解码remark code of ice discharge 断面平均疏密度average ice compaction at cross section断面平均冰厚或冰花厚average depth of ice or frazil slush at cross section敞露水面宽open water width断面平均冰花密度density of frazil slush at cross section冰花折算系数adjustment factor of frazil slush测流断面位置location of cross section代表垂线平均流速average velocity on typical vertical潮流量注解码remark code of tidal discharge代表垂线号number of typical velocity vertical代表垂线流速velocity of typical vertical潮流期编号number of duration of tidal current潮流期起时间beginning time of duration of tidal current潮流期止时间end time of duration of tidal current测流前低潮潮位low tidal level before flow measurement测流前低潮潮位出现时间Occuring time of the low tidal level before flow measurement高潮潮位high tidal level高潮潮位出现时间occurring time of high tidal level低潮潮位low tidal level低潮潮位出现时间occurring time of low tidal level开始落憩潮位tidal level at beginning of ebb slack tide涨潮憩流潮位flood slack tidal stage涨潮憩流潮位出现时间occurring time of flood slack tide终止落憩潮位tidal stage at end of ebb slack tide涨潮潮差flood tidal range 涨潮最大流速maximum velocity of flood tide 涨潮潮量flood tidal volume 涨潮潮量注解码remark code of flood tidal volume 涨潮潮流历时flood tidal current duration涨潮平均流量average discharge of flood tide涨潮平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge of flood tide落潮潮差ebb tide range 落潮潮量ebb tidal volume落潮最大流速maximum velocity of ebb tide落潮潮量注解码remark code of ebb tidal volume落潮潮流历时ebb tidal current duration 落潮平均流量average discharge of ebb tide 落潮平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge of ebb tide净泄量net outflow volume 开闸时间opening gate time关闸时间closing gate time 开闸前稳定水位stable stage before sluicing 闸上最高水位Maximum stage in Sluice Upstream闸上最低水位Minimum stage in Sluice Upstream闸下水位Stage in Sluice Downstream 水位差stage difference有效潮差effective tidal range 一潮总水量total water volume of single tide 一潮总水量注解码remark code of total water volume of single tide一潮历时duration of single tide一潮平均流量average discharge of single tide一潮平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge of single tide一潮最大流量maximum discharge of single tide一潮最大流量注解码remark code of maximum discharge of single tide自变量名name of independent variable 自变量值value of independent variable调查报告标题investigation report title 调查项目investigation item调查年份investigation year 编写年份redaction year调查单位investigation office 主编单位Chief editorial unit调查报告内容investigation report contents 调查报告格式investigation report format 表标识table ID时间残缺记录编号number of time deformity record字段标识field identifier 取值value率定次序号serial number of rating 闸上水头head in Sluice Upstream闸下水头Head in Sluice Downstream闸门开启平均高度operation height of gate opening闸门开启平均高度注解码remark code of operation height of gate opening闸门开启孔数count of operation gate opening 闸门开启总宽total width of gate-openings 平均堰宽average width of weir闸孔过水面积area of wetted cross section of gate openings实测流量observed discharge实测流量注解码remark code of observed discharge流态flow regime流量计算公式编号formula number of discharge calculation流量系数discharge coefficient流量系数注解码remark code of discharge coefficient水闸型式weir and sluice type 翼墙形式wing wall type平均引水角average driving angle 闸上河宽upsluice river width闸下河宽river width in sluice downstream 闸门型式weir gate type闸底高程elevation of sluice bottom 堰顶高程elevation of weir crest堰顶形状shape of weir crest 总孔数total number of gate openings单孔宽single gate opening width of weir gate单孔宽注解码remark code of gate opening width of weir gate平均孔宽average of gate opening width 总孔宽total width of gate opening闸门高度gate height 平均开度average gate opening height闸墩厚thickness of pier 机组号group number of machines站上水位upstation stage 站下水位downstation stage站上水头upstation head 开机功率electric power generated or consumed 开机台数count of machines in operation开机叶片角度vane angle of machines in operation叶轮直径impeller diameter 实际转速practical speed of revolution出水阀过水面积wetted area of outlet valve效率计算公式编号formula number of efficiency calculation效率值efficiency value 效率值注解码remark code of efficiency value 机型machine type 装机台数count of machine出水管路断面面积wetted area of pipe line cross section标定转速rated speed of revolution 单机额定功率single rated power单机设计流量single design discharge 设计扬程design lift驼峰底高hump bottom elevation 起排水位begining pumping stage关系线类别relation curve category 线号curve number因变量名dependent variable定线数据起时间beginning time of the data for determining a relation curve定线数据止时间end time of routing location data定线数据下限自变量值routing location lower limit independent variable定线数据上限自变量值routing location upper limit independent variable线参数表达式curve parameter expression 关系图名chart name适用期起时间beginning time of application 适用期止时间end time of application定线点据总数amount of points for determining a relation curve定线方法method of determining a relation curve 系统误差systematic error随机不确定度random error 线上采样点编号curve sample point number 采样点自变量值curve sample point independent variable采样点因变量值curve sample point dependent variable计量单位unit name 记录定位标识record location identifier原值original value 改正值corrected value处理日期date of correction 处理情况说明correction explanation入库标识identifier of reservoir inflow 注解符号remark symbolASCII值numeric ASCII Code 注解符号类型remark symbol type注解含义meaning of remark 表号table number表中文名table name in Chinese 表英文名table name in English字段中文名field name in Chinese 字段英文名field name in English字段类型及长度field type and field length 空值属性attribute of "null"计量单位unit name 取值范围value range主键属性attribute of primary key 农历年lunar year农历月lunar month 农历日lunar day农历年名name of lunar year 农历月名name of lunar month农历日名name of lunar day 行政区划名administration division name。
水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇
水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇1. Hydrological Cycle and Budget1.水文循环与预算Hydrology is an earth science. It encompasses the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of the waters of the earth and their environmental relations. Closely allied fields include geology, climatology, meteorology and oceanography.水文学是一门地球科学。
它包含地球水资源的发生、分布、运动和特质，以及其环境关系。
与之密切相关领域包括地质学，气候学，气象学和海洋学。
The hydrologic cycle is a continuous process by which water is transported from the oceans to the atmosphere to the land and back to the sea. Many sub-cycles exist. The evaporation of inland water and its subsequent precipitation over land before returning to the ocean is one example. The driving force for the global water transport system is provided by the sun, which furnishes the energy required for evaporation. Note that the water quality also changes during passage through the cycle; for example, sea water is converted to fresh water through evaporation.水文循环是一个连续的过程，在这个过程中水从海洋被运输到大气中，降落到陆地，然后回到海洋。
水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇
水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇1. Hydrological Cycle and Budget1.水文循环与预算Hydrology is an earth science. It encompasses the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of the waters of the earth and their environmental relations. Closely allied fields include geology, climatology, meteorology and oceanography.水文学是一门地球科学。
它包含地球水资源的发生、分布、运动和特质，以及其环境关系。
与之密切相关领域包括地质学，气候学，气象学和海洋学。
The hydrologic cycle is a continuous process by which water is transported from the oceans to the atmosphere to the land and back to the sea. Many sub-cycles exist. The evaporation of inland water and its subsequent precipitation over land before returning to the ocean is one example. The driving force for the global water transport system is provided by the sun, which furnishes the energy required for evaporation. Note that the water quality also changes during passage through the cycle; for example, sea water is converted to fresh water through evaporation.水文循环是一个连续的过程，在这个过程中水从海洋被运输到大气中，降落到陆地，然后回到海洋。
水文中英术语
水文中英术语水文基本术语和符号标准Standard for essential technical terms andsymbols in hydrology水 water水圈 hydrospherebody水体 waterscience水科学 water水文学 hydrologyhydrology陆地水文学 landhydrology应用水文学 applied工程水文学 engineeringhydrologywater地表水 surface地下水 groundwatervapour水汽 waterelements水文要素 hydrologic降水 precipitation蒸发 evaproration径流 runoff水位 stage流速 velocity流量 dischargeconcentration 含沙量 sedimentdischarge输沙率 sedimenttemperature 水温 waterrun冰凌 icequality水质 water下垫面 underlyingsurfaceregime水文情势 hydrologic水文效应 hydrologiceffectcycle水文循环（水循环） hydrologicbalance水量平衡 waterbalance热量平衡 heatbalance盐量平衡 salt大气水汽含量atmospheric water vapour content 大气水汽输送atmospheric water vapour transport 水汽输送通量atmospheric water vapour flux雨 rainarea降雨面积 rainfalldistribution降雨分布 rainfallseason雨季 rainy雪 snowcover积雪 snowsnow初雪 first终雪 latestsnow融雪 snowmelt雹（冰雹） hail截留 interceptiondetention 填洼 depression detention地面滞留 surfaceland陆面蒸发（总蒸发） evaporationof水面蒸发evaporation of water surface 土壤蒸发evaporation from soil散发（植物蒸腾） transpiration capability蒸发能力 evaporation下渗（入渗） infiltrationinfiltration稳渗 steadycapability下渗能力 infiltrationrunoff河川径流 river降雨径流rain fall runoffrunoff暴雨径流 storm融雪径流 snowmelt runoff枯季径流dry season runoffflow基流 base洪水 floodflood暴雨洪水 stormflood冰凌洪水（凌汛） ice冰雪洪水 ice-snowfloodmelt雨雪混合洪水rain and snowmelt floodflood山洪 flashflood溃坝洪水 dam-breakcirculation 大气环流 atmosphericsituation天气形势（环流形势） weatherprocess天气过程 weathersystem天气系统 weather行星尺度天气系统planetary scale weather system 天气尺度天气系统synoptic weather system中小尺度天气系统meso and micro-scale weather system surge风暴潮 stormcenter风景中心 stormtrough西风槽 westerlywave东风波 easterly低压槽 trough高压脊 ridge副热带高压 subtropichighhigh阻塞高压 blocking低空急流 low-leveljet低涡 vortex反气旋（高压） anticyclone气旋（低压） cyclone热带气旋 tropiccyclone热带低压 tropic depressionstorm热带风景 tropicstormtropic强热带风景 severe台风 typhoon气团 airmass锋（锋面） front天气 weather气象 meteorology气候 climateregionalization 气候区划 climatic zone气候带 climaticchange气候变化 climatic小气候 microclimatezone热带 tropiczone副热带（亚热带） subtropiczone温带 extratropiczone寒带 frigid季风 monsoon梅雨（霉雨） plumrains暴雨 stormrain阵雨 showery地形雨 orographicrainrain台风雨 typhoon热带气旋雨rainfall in tropic cyclone雷暴 thunderstormeffect温室效应 greenhousepicture卫星云图 satellitecloudpressure气压（大气压强） atmospheric pressure海平面气压 sea-level temperature气温 airtemperature 地温 ground temperature湿球温度 wet-bulb湿度 humidity水汽压 vapourpressurevapourpressure 饱和水汽压 saturation humidity绝对湿度 absolutehumidity相对湿度 relativedeficit饱和差 saturationhumidity比湿 specific风 winddirection风向 windspeed风速 wind蒲福风级Beaufort wind scale露 dewpoint露点 dew雾 fog霜 frostpoint霜点 frostfrost初霜 firstfrost终霜 latest霜冻 frostabiteperiod无霜期 frost-free(basin)流域 watershed流域面积（集水面积） drainage areabasin闭合流域 enclosedbasin不闭合流域 non-enclosed闭流区（内流区）blind drainage area 分水线（分水岭） divide characteristics流域特征 basin流域几何特征basin geometric characteristics流域长度 basinlength流域平均高程basin elevation meanmeanwidth流域平均宽度 basin流域平均坡度basin slope mean流域不对称系数coefficient of basin nonsymmetric流域面积增长率growth ration of drainage area流域自然地理特征physiographic characteristic of basin net水系（河系） hydrographicnetwork 人工河网 artificialdrainagedensity河网密度 drainagechannel明渠 open河流 river河源 headwaters冲沟 gully溪流 brook支流 tributarystream干流 main分支 forkchannel 串沟 bifurcation运河 canalriver外流河 exorheicriver内陆河 endorheicchannel减河 relief河道复流（河道再生） resurgence stream常年河 perennialstream间歇河（时令河） intermittent stream悬河（地上河） elevatedriver夺流河（断头河） captured stream盈水河 gainingstream亏水河 losingstream暴洪河流 flashyriver地下暗河（地下河） underground river界河 boundaryriver国际河流 internationalriver废河道（古河道） dead岸 bankbank左岸 leftbank右岸 rightbank凹岸 concavebank凸岸 convexwall岸壁 landline水边线（岸线） water 堤防 leveelength河长 river河弯 riverbend弯曲率 tortuosity channel 航道 navigable 河段 reach上游 upstream中游 midstream下游 downstream reach控制河段 control reach顺直河道 straight reach弯曲河段 bentreach扩散河段 expanding收缩河段 convergingreach游荡河段 wanderingreach感潮河段 tidalcutoff裁弯取直 channel河槽（河床） channelchannel稳定河槽 stable不稳定河槽（冲淤河槽） unstable channelchannel主槽 mainchannel单式河槽 single复式河槽 compoundchannelcross-section河道横断面 river河道纵断面 riverprofilelongitudinalcharacteristics 断面特性 cross-section 河床形态 channelmorphology浅滩 shoal急滩 cataract河漫滩 flood三角洲 deltaisland江心洲 channelbar潜洲 submergedpool深潭 deep水力学 hydraulicschannelhydraulics明渠水力学 open水静力学 hydrostatics水动力学 hydrodynamicsflowchannel明渠水流 openflow恒定流 steadyflow非恒定流 unsteadyflow均匀流（等速流） uniform非均匀流（变速流）non –uniform flow flow急流 supercriticalflow缓流 subcriticalcurrent异重流（密度流） density临界流 criticaldepth临界水深 criticalvelocity临界流速 criticaldischarge临界流量 critical水头 headhead位置水头（位能） elevation head压强水头（压能） pressure head流速水头（动能） velocity head有效水头 effectiveloss水头损失 head沿程水头损失frictional head loss loss局部水头损失 localhead比降 slope能面比降 energyslopeslope水面比降 surfaceslope摩阻比降 friction附加比降（加速比降） addslope河道比降（河床比降） channel水面横比降transverse slope of water surface slope倒比降 inverse总水头线total head linesurfaceprofile 水面线 water糙率 roughness谢才系数 chezy coefficient谢才公式 chezy formulaformula曼宁公式 manningfactor输水系数（输水率） conveyancejump水跃 hydraulic水舌 nappecurve回水曲线（壅水曲线） backwaternumber弗汝德数 froudenumber雷诺数 reynoldsnumber韦伯数 weberfactor水力因素 hydraulicperimeter 湿周 wetted水力半径 hydraulic radius宽深比 width-depthratio中泓线midstream of channel深泓线 thalweg落差 fall瀑布 waterfall波浪 wavewave驻波 standingwave移动波 translationdynamics河流动力学 riversediment河流泥沙 river泥沙特性property of sediment erosion土壤侵蚀 soilerosion水力侵蚀 watererosion山洪侵蚀 torrential流域侵蚀 basinerosion流域产沙量watershed sediment yield load全沙 totalload悬移质 suspendedload推移质 bedmaterial床沙 bedload床沙质 bedmaterial冲泻质 washload河流泥沙运动sediment transport in river泥沙起动incipient motion of sediment起动流速 competentvelocitydischarge造床流量 dominant泥沙密度density of sediment高含沙水流flow with hyperconcentration of sediment flow泥石流 debris水流挟沙能力sediment transport capacity of flow process河床演变 fluvial冲刷 scour淤积 sedimentationbalance沙量平衡 sedimenttransport泥沙办理移 sediment浆河现象sediment delivery ratio揭河底现象tearing of river bed quality天然水质 naturalwater水化学 hydrochemistry solids溶解性总固定 total dissolvedconcentration离子含量 ion concentration离子总量 totaliondischarge离子流量 ion矿化度 mineralcontent盐度 salinityvaluePH值 pH碱度 alkalinity酸度 acidityrain酸雨 acidconductivity电子率 electric浑浊度（浊度） turbidity总需氧量total oxygen demand oxygen溶解氧 dissolveddemand需氧量 oxygendemand 生化需氧量 biochemical oxygen化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand硬度 hardnesshardness碳酸盐硬度（暂时硬度） carbonate hardness非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度） non-carbonate water硬水 hardwater软水 softregime冰情 icestream结冰河流 ice-frozenstream封冻河流 freeze-up稳定封冻河流stable freeze-up stream非稳定封冻河流unstable freeze-up stream period结冰期 ice-frozen初生冰 initialicespicule冰针 iceice冰凇 rimeice圆扁冰 pan-cakeslush冰花 frazilice岸冰 border初生岸冰initial border ice固定岸冰 fixediceborderice 冲积岸冰 agglomerated border再生岸冰regenerative border ice borderice残余岸冰 residualice雪冰 slushice水内冰 underwater冰屑 shugaboundary冰底边 icebasereef冰礁 ice冰桥 icebridgerunice流冰花 slushice浮冰 floatingice锚冰 anchorperiod封冻期 freeze-up封冻（封河） freeze-up freeze-up平封 flat立封 uprightfreeze-up 冰盖 ice cover连底冻grounded ice cover冰丘 icemound封冻冰缘ice edge of freeze-up 清沟 lead初生清沟 primaryleadlead再生清沟 secondary冰花路毡sludge road felt冰上覆雪 snow cover over ice ridge冰脊 ice冰缝 crackpack悬冰 ice冰准 icejam冰塞 aufeis冰上结冰 break-upperiod解冻期color change of ice cover冰变色color change of ice cover冰上冒水 upwellingwatermeltof冰上有水 accumulation层冰层水ice cover with intercalated water layers 融冰 thawing冰层塌陷ice sheet depressionicecover冰层浮起 floating冰滑动dislodging of ice cover解冰（开河） break-up文开河 tranquilbreak-upbreak-up武开河 violent流冰 icerunpackice流冰堆积 driftingdam冰坝 iceaccumulation残冰堆积 residual潮汐 tidelevel潮位（潮水位） tidaltide涨潮 flood落潮 ebbtidetide高潮 high低潮 lowtidetide平潮 dead涨潮潮差flood tidal range落潮潮差ebb tidal range高潮间隙high lunitidal interval 低潮间隙low lunitidal interval inequality日潮不等 diurnal月中天 lunartransitforcegeneration引潮天 tidaltide天文潮 astronomictide气象潮 meteorologic潮汐周期 tidaltide半日潮 semidiurnaltide全日潮 diurnaltide混合潮 mixedtide大潮 spring小潮 neaptidetide中潮 moderateday太阴日 lunartideof潮期 duration涨潮历时duration of tidal rise 落潮历时duration of tidal fall current潮流 tidal涨潮流flood tidal current落潮流ebb tidal currenttide憩流 slackvelocity潮流速 tidalcurrent往复流 reversing旋转流 rotarycurrent潮流期duration of tidal current涨潮流历时duration of flood current落潮流历时duration of ebb current涌潮 bore河口 estuaryhydrology河口水文 estuarine河口水流 estuarineflowtide河口潮汐 estuarine河口演变fluvial processes of estuarybar拦门沙 estuarinedelta河口三角洲 estuarineflat滩涂（海涂） tidalhydrology地下水水文学 groundwater水文地质学 hydrogeologydynamics地下水动力学 groundwatersystem地下水系统 groundwater地下水流域drainage basin of groundwater divide地下水分水岭 groundwater地下水动态 groundwater regimebalance地下水均衡 groundwatermovement地下水运动（渗流） groundwatermodel地下水模型 groundwaterstorage地下水储量 groundwaterreservoir地下水水库 groundwaterrunoff地下水径流 groundwater地下水流速velocity of groundwater flow地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）hydraulic gradient of groundwater地下水等水位线图water-table contour map含水层 aquiferseriesrock含水岩系 water-contentformationrock含水岩组 water-content含水岩性water-content rock propertymedium含水介质 water-bearing均匀介质 homogeneousmediummedium非均匀介质 inhomogeneousboundary含水层边界 aquifer透水边界 permeableboundaryboundary隔水边界 confiningboundary弱透水边界 aquitardbed透水层 permeablebed隔水层 confining弱透水层 aquitardparameters 水文地质参数 hydrogeological渗透系数 permeabilitycoefficient 导水系数（释水系数）coefficient of transmissivity 贮水系数 storativity水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）coefficient of water table conductivity压力传导系数coefficient of pressure conductivitycoefficient越流系数 leakageindex延迟指数 delay影响半径 influenceradius补给带宽度range of recharge zone水位削减值drawdown value interference分子扩散系数coefficient of molecular diffusion机械弥散系数（水力弥散系数）coefficient of mechanical dispersion水动力弥散系数coefficient of hydrodynamiczone包气带 aerationzone饱和层 saturatedwater土壤水 soilwater结合水 boundwater吸着水 absorbedwater薄膜水 pellicularwater上层滞水 perchedwater渗入水 infiltrationwater凝结水 condensationwater毛管水 capillary毛管上升高度height of capillary rise毛管压力水头capillary pressure headcontentmoisture土壤含水量 soilcontentmoisture饱和含水量（全持水量） saturatedcoefficient 饱和度 saturationpotentialwater土水势 soilcapacity 持水度 water-holdingconstantsmoisture土壤水分常数 soil土壤吸湿系数absorption coefficient of soil moisture coefficient 调萎系数 wiltingcapacity田间持水量 field毛管断裂含水量moisture content at capillary rupture 最大分子吸水量maximum molecular moisture content 零通量面法zero flux plane methodwater 潜水 phreaticrecharge降水入渗补给 precipitation降水入渗补给系数coefficient of precipitation recharge recharge 地表水补给 surfacewaterrecharge 凝结水补给 condensationrecharge侧向补给 lateral越流补给 leakagerechargecoefficient of groundwaterrecharge灌溉补给系数 irrigation潜水蒸发phreatic water evaporation潜水蒸发临界深度critical depth of phreatic water evaporation 潜水溢出量phreatic water overflow to surface潜水位phreatic water level潜水埋深buried depth of phreatic water levelofphreatic water aquifer潜水含水层厚度 thicknesswater重力水 gravityyield给水度 specificwater 承压水 confinedbedconfining隔水顶板 upperbed 隔水底板 lowconfining承压含水层厚度thickness of confined aquifer承压水头confined water headwell自流水井 artesian含水层天窗skylight of upper confining bedwater孔隙水 poreaquifer孔隙含水层 porous孔隙＿裂隙含水层 pore-fissureaquiferporosity有效孔隙度 effective water裂隙水 fissure aquifer裂隙含水层 fissured ratio裂隙度 fissure岩溶（喀斯特） karst water岩溶水 karstcave溶洞 karstaquifer岩溶含水层 karst泉 springspring 温泉 thermal spring 矿泉 mineral 湖泊 lakelake外流湖 exorheic lake内流湖 endorheic lake淡水湖 freshlake咸水湖 saltlake盐湖 salinelake季节性湖泊 seasonallake富营养湖泊 eutrophiclake贫营养湖泊 poornutrientcurrent湖流 lake梯度流 gradientcurrent漂流current of frictionwave湖浪 lake湖浙波漾（假潮） lakeseichedenivellationwind湖泊增减水 lakeresources湖泊资源 lakeratio湖泊率 lake湖泊补给系数recharge coefficient of lake 湖泊换水周期lake residence period basin湖盆 lake湖面高程elevation of water level in lake 岛屿率 insulositylayering湖泊分层 lake正温层direct thermal stratification逆温层inverse thermal stratification湖泊形态参数morphometric parameter of lakearea湖泊面积 lake湖泊容量 storagelakeoflake湖泊长度 lengthofoflake湖泊宽度 width湖泊最大深度maximum depth of lake湖泊平均深度mean depth of lake湖泊岸线长度length of lake shoreline湖泊岸线发育系数development coefficient of lake shoreline 水库 reservoir水库特征水位characteristic water of reservoirstorage 库容 reservoirstorage静库容 stillstorage动库容（楔形库容） dynamiccurve 库容曲线 state-capacity水库特征库容characteristic storages of reservoir seepage水库渗漏 reservoir水库淤积 reservoirsedimentation水库诱发地震reservoir induced earthquake水库拦沙效率sediment trap efficiency of reservoir 沼泽 miremire潜育沼泽 not-peatmire泥炭泽 peat低位沼泽（富营养沼泽）low level mirelevelmire高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽） mainmire中位沼泽（中营养沼泽） mediumlevelhydrology沼泽水文 miremireofbalance沼泽水量平衡 waterwater沼泽水 mireevaporation沼泽蒸发 mirerunoff沼泽径流 mire沼泽表面流surface flow of mire沼泽表层流surface layer flow of mire沼泽含水性moisture property of mire沼泽特水性water retention of miremire沼泽透水性 perviousnessofratio沼泽率 mire冰川 glacierglacier山地冰川（山岳冰川） mountain glacier谷冰川 valley宽尾冰川 broad-tailglacierglacier冰斗冰川 cirqueglacier悬冰川 hangingglacier贯通冰川（山麓冰川） penetrating field冰原 ice冰川平衡线equilibrium line of glacier line雪线 snowarea消融区 ablationarea堆积区 accumulationvariations冰川变化 glacierflow冰川运动 glacier雪崩 avalanche冰雪融水径流 ice-snowrunoffmelt水文测验 hydrometryreconnaissance 水文勘测 hydrologic水文遥感技术remote-sensing technology in hydrology 水文空间技术space technology in hydrology水文核技术nuclear technology in hydrology全球定位系统global positioning system遥测 telemetrygauging驻测 stationarygauging巡测 tourgauging间测 intermittentgauging检测 testgauging校测 correctivegauging委托观测 entrustinstrument水文仪器 hydrologicinstrument直接仪器 direct-readinginstrument 自记仪器 automatic-recording遥测装置remote telemetry unit传感器 sensorstorage固态存贮器 solid计数器 counter记录器 recorderunit显示器 display平均无故障工作时间mean time between failures stage相应水位 equivalentstation水文测站 hydrometricstation基本站 basicstation辅助站 auxiliarystation专用站 special水文实验站hydrologic experimental station基准水文站bench mark hydrologic station station水文气象站 hydrometeorologicstationgauging巡测站 tourstation水文站 gauging大河控制站main-stream control station区域代表站regional representative station station小河站 small-streamstation河道站 riverstation水库站 reservoirstation渠道站 canal湖泊站 lakestation堰闸站weir and sluice stationstation水位站 stagegauginglevelstation湖水位站（验潮站） tidal水库水位站reservoir stage gauging station湖泊水位站lake stage gauging stationstationgauging雨量站（降水量站） rain配套雨量站complete set rain gauging stationyard雨量观测场 rainobservation水面蒸发站water surface evaporation station陆上水面蒸发场water surface evaporation yard on land 漂浮水面蒸发场floating water surface evaporation yard station水抩站（水质监测站） waterqualitystation泥沙站 sediment地下水观测井observation well of groundwater水文站网 hydrologicnetworkhydrologicnetwork基本站网 basic流量站网streamflow gauging networknetwork雨量站网 raingauging水面蒸发站网water surface evaporation network水位站网 stagenetworkgauging泥沙站网sediment gauging networknetwork水质站网 wagerquality地下水观测井网groundwater observation well network planningnetwork站网规划 hydrologicregionalization 水文分区 hydrologiclayout站网布设 networkanalysis站网分析 networkexamination站网检验 network optimization站网优化 network adjustment站网调整 networkdensity站网密度 networkdensity现实密度 realdensity可用密度 usablenetwork容许最稀站网 minimum设站年限station required age information水文信息 hydrologicbenefit水文效益 hydrologic基面 datumdatum绝对基面（标准基面） absolute datum假定基面 arbitrarydatum测站基面 stationdatum冻结基面 stationarycontrol测站控制 stationcontrol河槽控制 channelcontrol断面控制 sectioncontrol人工控制 artificial槛式控制river bottom control control测验河段 sill水流平面图flow plane map map水道地形图 channel topographicsign断面标志 cross-section stake断面桩 cross-sectionrod标志杆 signrod辐射杆 radiationline基线 basestake基线桩 baseline水准点 benchmark基本水准点 basic benchmarkbenchmark核准水准点 checkbenchmark临时水准点 temporary测验断面 measuringcross-section基本水尺断面basic gauge cross-section measuring cross-section流速仪测流断面 current-metercross-sectionmeasuring浮标测流断面 floatcross-section比降水尺断面 slopemeasuring辅助水尺断面secondary gauging cross-section cross-sectionmeasuring临时测流断面 temporarycableway水文缆道 hydrometriccableway悬索缆道 suspended悬杆缆道suspended rod cableway cableway机动缆道 motorizedcableway手动缆道 hand-operatingcable主索 maincable循环索 loopcable起重索 suspension水文缆车hydrometric cable car吊船过河索cableway for anchoring boat devicemeasuring缆道测验仪 cablewayboat水文测船 hydrometricbridge水文测桥 hydrometric桥测车gauging vehicle on bridge水文巡测车tour gauging vehicle for hydrometry 水准测量 levelingleveling跨河水准测量 rive-crossing水尺零点测量survey of gauge zonesurvey控制测量 control高程控制测量vertical control survey平面控制测量horizontal control surveysurvey导线测量 traverse三角测量 triangulation距离测量 distancesurveysurvey河道观测 rivesurvey地形测量 topographicsurvey碎部测量 detailsurvey水下地形测量 underwater topographic降水量 precipitation雨量 rainfalldepth积雪深度 snowdensity积雪密度 snow雪水当量water equivalent of snow duration降水历时 precipitationintensity降雨强度 rainfall降水日数number of precipitation days observation降水量观测 precipitation雨量器 raingaugereceiver承水器 raingaugeglass量杯 measuringraingauge累积雨量器 accumulativerecorder雨量计 rainfall虹吸式雨量计siphon rainfall recorder翻斗式雨量计tipping-bucket rainfall recorder长期雨量计long-term rainfall recorder遥测雨量计telemetering rainfall recorderradar 测雨雷达 precipitation-monitoring雪量器 snowgauge雨雪量计rain and snow recorder蒸发量 evaporation蒸发量观测 evaporationobservation蒸发量折算系数reduction coefficient of evaporation ratio遮挡率 screen蒸发器 evaporationpanpanevaporation小型蒸发器（蒸发皿） smallE-601蒸发器evaporation pan of type E-601panevaporation漂浮蒸发器 floating蒸发计 evaporimeterevaporimeter遥测蒸发计 telemeteringobservation水位观测 stage水尺零点 gauge zerostage最高水位 maximumstage最低水位 minimumstage平均水位 mean水位变幅fluctuation range of stage observation比降观测 slope涨落率rate of rise and fall。
水文中英对照表
一、陆地水文1.1、一般术语水water水圈hydrosphere水体water body水科学water science水文学hydrology陆地水文学land hydrology应用水文学applied hydrology工程水文学engineering hydrology地表水surface water地下水groundwater水汽water vapour水温要素hydrologic elements降水precipitation蒸发evaporation径流runoff水位stage流速velocity流量discharge含沙量sediment concentration输沙率sediment discharge水温要素water temperature冰凌ice run水质water quality下垫面underlying surface水文情势hydrologic regime水文效应hydrologic effect1.2、水文循环水循环hydorlogic cycle水量平衡water balance热量平衡heat balance盐量平衡salt balance大气水汽含量atmospheric water vapour content 大气水汽输送atmospheric water vapour trasport 水汽输送通量atmospheric water vapour flux雨rain降雨面积rainfall area降雨分布rainfall distribution雨季rainy season雪snow积雪snow cover初雪first snow终雪latest snow融雪snowmelt雹hail截留interception填洼depression detention地面滞留surface detention陆面蒸发（总蒸发）evaporation of land水面蒸发evaporation of water surface土壤蒸发evsporation from soil散发（植物蒸腾）transpiration蒸发能力evaporation capability下渗（入渗）infiltration稳渗steady infiltration下渗能力infiltration capability河川径流river runoff降雨径流rainfall runoff暴雨径流storm runoff融雪径流snowmelt runoff枯季径流dry season runoff基流base flow洪水flood暴雨洪水storm flood冰凌洪水（凌汛）ice flood冰雪洪水ice-snow melt flood雨雪混合洪水rain and snowmelt flood山洪flash flood溃坝洪水dam-break flood1.3、水文气象大气环流atmospheric circunlation天气形势weather situation天气过程weather process天气系统weather system行星尺度天气系统planetary scale weather system天气尺度天气系统synoptic scale weather system中小尺度天气系统meso and micro-scale weather system 风暴潮storm surge风暴中心storm center西风情westerly trough东风波easterly wave低压槽trough高压脊ridge副热带高压subtropic high阻塞高压blocking high低空急流low-level jet低涡vortex反气旋（高压）anticyclone气旋（低压）cyclone热带气旋tropic cyclone热带低压tropic depression热带风暴tropic storm强热带风暴severe tropic storm台风typhoon气团air mass锋（锋面）front天气weather气象meteorology气候climate气候区划climatic regionalization气候带climatic zone气候变化climatic change小气候microclimate热带tropic zone副热带（亚热带）subtropic zone温带extratropic zone寒带frigid zone季风monsoon梅雨plum rains暴雨storm阵雨showery rain地形雨orogarphic rain台风雨typhoon rain热带气旋雨rainfall in tropic cyclone雷暴thunderstorm温室效应greenhouse effect卫星云图satellize cloud picture气压atmospheric pressure海平面气压sea-level pressure气温air temperature地温ground temperature湿球温度wet-bulb temprerature湿度humidity水汽压vapour pressure饱和水汽压saturation vapour pressure绝对湿度absolute humidity相对湿度relative humidity饱和差saturation deficit比湿specific humidity风wind风向wind direction风速wind speed蒲福风级Beaufort wind scale露dew露点dew point雾fog霜frost霜点frost point初霜first frost终霜latest frost霜冻frostbite无霜期frost-fress period1.4、流域及水系流域watershed(basin)流域面积（集水面积）drainage area闭合流域enclosed basin不闭合流域non-enclosed basin闭流区（内流区）blind drainage area分水线（分水岭）divide流域特征basin characteristics流域几何特征basin geometric characteristics流域长度basin length流域平均高程basin elevation mean流域平均宽度basin width mean流域平均速度basin slope mean流域不对称系数coefficient of basin nonsymmetric流域面积增长率growth ratio of drainage area流域自然地理特征physiographic characteristics of basin水系hydrographic net人工河网artificial drainage network 河网密度drainage density明渠open channel河流river河源headwaters冲沟gully溪流brook支流tributary干流main stream分支fork串沟bifurcation channel运河canal外流河exorheic river内陆河endorheic river减河relief channel河道复流）河道再生）resurgence常年河perennial stream间歇河intermittent stream悬河（地上河）elevated stream夺流河（断头河）captured river盈水河gaining stream亏水河losing stream暴洪河流flashy stream地下河underground river界河boundary river国际河流international river废河道（古河道）dead river岸bank左岸left bank右岸right bank凹岸concave bank凸岸convex bank岸壁land wall水边线（岸线）water line提防levee河长river length河弯river bend弯曲率toriuosity航道navigable channel河段reach上游upstream中游midstream下游downstream控制河段control reach顺直河段straight reach弯曲河段bent reach扩散河段expanding reach收缩河段converging reach游荡河段wandering reach感潮河段tide reach截弯取直channel cutoff河槽（河床）channel cutoff稳定河槽stable channel不稳定河槽（冲淤河槽）unstable channel主槽main channel单式河槽single channel复式河槽compound channel河槽横断面river cross-section河道纵断面river longitudinal profile断面特性cross-section characteristics河床形态channel morphology浅槽shoal急滩catarect河漫滩flood plain三角洲delta江心洲channel island潜州submerged bar深潭deep pool1.5、河流水力学水力学hydraulics明渠水力学open channel hydraulics水静力学hydrostatics水动力学hydrodynamics明渠水流open channel flow恒定流steady flow非恒定流unsteady flow均匀流（等速流）uniform flow非均匀流（变速流）non-uniform flow急流supercritical flow缓流subcritical flow异重流density current临界流critical flow临界水深critical depth临界流速critical velocity临界流量critical discharge水头head位置水头（位能）elevation head压强水头（压能）pressure head流速水头（动能）velocity head有效水头effective head水头损失head loss沿程水头损失frictional head loss局部水头损失local head loss比降slope能面比降energy slope水面比降surface slope摩阻比降friction slope附加比降add slope河道比降channel slope水面横比降transverse slope of water surface 侧比降inverse slope总水头线total head line水面线water surface profile糙率roughness谢才系数Chezy coefficient谢才公式Chezy formula曼宁公式Manning formula输水因数（输水率）conveyance factor水跃hydraulic jump水舌nappe回水曲线backwater curve弗汝德数Froude number雷诺数Reynolds number韦伯数Weber number水力因素hydraulic factor湿周wetted perimeter水力半径hydraulic radius宽深比width-depth ratio中泓线midstream of channel深泓线Thalweg落差fall瀑布waterfall波浪wave驻波standing wave移动波translation wave1.6、河流泥沙河流动力学river dynamics河流泥沙river sediment泥沙特性property of sediment土壤侵蚀soil erosion水力侵蚀water erosion山洪侵蚀torrential erosion流域侵蚀basin erosion流域产沙量watershed sediment yield全沙total load悬移质suspended load推移质bed load床沙bed material床沙质bed material load冲泄质wash load河流泥沙运动sediment transport in river泥沙运动incipienty motion of sediment起动流速competent velocity造床流量dominant discharge泥沙密度density of sediment高含沙水流flow with hyperconcentration of sediment 泥石流debris flow水流挟沙能力sediment transport capacity of flow河床演变fluvial process冲刷scour淤积sedimentation沙量平衡sediment balance泥沙输移sediment transport泥沙输移比sediment delivery ratio浆河现象clogging of river sediment flow揭河底现象tearing of river bed1.7、水质天然水质natural water quality水化学hydrochemistry溶解性总固体total dissolved solids离子含量ion concentration离子总量total ion concentration 离子流量ion discharge矿化度mineral content盐度salinitypH值pH value碱度alkalinity酸度acidity酸雨acid rain电导率electric conductivity浑浊度（浊度）turbidity总需氧量total oxygen demand溶解氧dissolved oxygen需氧量oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demang 化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand硬度hardness碳酸盐硬度（暂时硬度）carbonate hardness非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度）non-carbonate hardness硬水hard water软水soft water1.8、河流冰清冰清ice regime结冰河流ice-frozen stream封冻河流freeze-up stream稳定封冻河流stable freeze-up stream 非稳定封冻河流unstable freeze-up stream 结冰期ice-frozen period初生冰initial ice冰针ice spicule冰凇rime ice圆扁冰pan-cake ice冰花frazil slush岸冰border ice初生岸冰initial border ice固定岸冰fixed border ice冲积岸冰agglomerated border ice 再生岸冰regencrative border ice 残余岸冰residual border ice雪冰slush ice水内冰underwater ice冰屑shuga冰底边ice base boundary冰礁ice reef冰桥ice bridge流冰花slush ice run浮冰floating ice锚冰anchor ice封冻期freeze-up period封冻（封河）freeze-up平封flat freeze-up立封upright freeze-up冰盖ice cover连底冻grounded ice cover冰丘ice mound封冻冰缘ice edge of freeze-up清沟lead初生清沟primary lead再生清沟secondary lead冰花路毡sludge road felt冰上覆雪snow cover over ice冰脊ice ridge冰缝crack悬冰suspended ice cover冰堆ice pack冰塞ice jam冰上结冰aufeis解冻期break-up period冰变色color change of ice cover冰上冒水upwelling冰上有水accumulation of melt water冰上流水water flow over ice层冰层水ice cover with intercalated water layers 融冰tbawing冰层塌陷ice sheet depression冰层浮起floating ice cover冰滑动dislodging of ice cover解冻（开河）break-up文开河tranquil break-up武开河violent break-up流冰花ice run流冰堆积drifting ice pack冰坝ice dam残冰堆积residual ice accumulation1.9、河口潮汐潮汐tide潮位tidal level涨潮flood tide落潮ebb tide高潮high tide低潮low tide平潮dead tide涨潮潮差flood tidal rang高潮间隙ebb tidal range低潮间隙high lunitidal interval日潮不等diurnal inequality月中天lunar transit引潮力tidal generation force天文潮astronomic tid气象潮meteorologic tide潮汐周期tidal cycle半日潮semidiurnal tide全日潮diurnal tide混合潮mixed tide大潮spring tide小潮neap tide中潮moderate tide太阴日lunar day潮期duration of tide涨潮历时duration of tide rise落潮历时duration of tide fall潮流tidal current涨潮流flood tidal current落潮流ebb tidal current憩流slack tide潮流速tidal velocity往复流reversing current旋转流rotary current潮流期duration of tidal current涨潮流历时duration of flood current落潮流历时duration of ebb current涌潮bore河口estuary河口水文estuarine hydrology河口水流estuarine flow河口潮汐estuarine tide河口演变fluvial processes of estuary拦门沙estuarine bar河口三角洲estuarine delta滩涂（海涂）tidal flat1.10、地下水地下水水文学groundwater hydrology水文地质学hydrogeology地下水动力学groundwater dynamics地下水系统groundwater system地下水流域drainage basin of groundwater地下水分水岭groundwater divide地下水动态groundwater regime地下水均衡groundwater balance地下水运动（渗流）groundwater movement地下水模型groundwater model地下水储量groundwater storage地下水水库groundwater reservoir地下水径流groundwater runoff地下水流速velocity of groundwater flowhydraulic gradient of groundwater 地下水力坡度（地下水水面坡度地下水等水位线图water-table contour map含水层aquifer含水岩系water-content rock series含水岩组water-content rock formation含水岩性water-content rock property含水介质water-bearing medium均匀介质homogeneous medium非均匀介质inhomogeneous medium含水层边界aquifer boundary透水边界permeable boundary隔水边界confining boundary弱透水边界aquitard boundary透水层permeable bed隔水层confining bed弱透水层aquitard水文地质参数hydrogeological parameters渗透系数permeability coefficient导水系数（释水系数）coefficient of transmissivity贮水系数storativitycoefficient of water table conductivity水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）压力传导系数coefficient of pressure conductivity越流系数leakage coefficient延迟指数delay index影响半径influence radius补给带宽度range of recharge zone水位削减值drawdown value interferece分子扩散系数coefficient of molecular diffusion机械弥散系数coefficient of mechanical dispersion水动力弥散系数coefficient of hydrodynamic dispersion包气带aeration zone饱和层saturated zone土壤水soil water结合水bound water吸着水absorbed water薄膜水pellicular water上层滞水perched water渗入水infiltration water凝结水condensation water毛管水capillary water毛管上升高度height of capillary rise毛管压力水头capillary pressure head土壤含水量soil moisture content饱和含水量saturated moisture content饱和度saturation coefficient土水势soil water potential持水度water-holding capacity土壤水分常数soil moisture constants土壤吸湿系数absorption coefficient of soil moisture凋萎系数wilting coefficient田间持水量field capacity毛管断裂含水量moisture content at capillary rupture最大分子吸水量maximum molecular moisture content零通量面法zero flux plane method潜水phreatic water降水入渗补给precipitation recharge降水入渗补给系数coefficient of precipitation recharge地表水补给surface water recharge凝结水补给condensation recharge侧向补给lateral recharge越流补给leakage recharge灌溉补给系数rirrigation recharge coefficient of groundwater 潜水蒸发phreatic water evaporation潜水蒸发临界深度critical depth of phreatic water evaporation潜水溢出量phreatic water overflow to surface潜水位phreatic water level潜水埋深buried depth of phreatic water level 潜水含水层厚度thickness of phreatic water aquifer 重力水gravity water给水度specific yield承压水confined water隔水顶板upper confining bed隔水底板lower confining bed承压含水层厚度thickness of confined aquifer承压水头confined water head自流水井artesian well含水层天窗skylight of upper confining bed孔隙水pore water孔隙含水层porous aquifer孔隙-裂隙含水层pore-fissure aquifer有效孔隙度effective porosity裂隙水fissure water裂隙含水层fissure aquifer裂隙度fissure ratio岩溶（喀斯特）karst岩溶水karst water溶洞karst cave岩溶含水层karst aquifer泉spring温泉thermal spring矿泉mineral spring1.11、湖泊水库湖泊lake外流湖exorheic lake内流胡endorheic lake淡水湖fresh lake咸水湖salt lake盐湖saline lake季节性湖泊seasonal lake富营养湖泊eutrophic lake贫营养湖泊poornutrient lake湖流lake current梯度流gradient current漂流current of friction湖浪lake wave湖泊荡漾（假潮）lake seiche湖泊增减水lake wind denivellation湖泊资源lake resoursce湖泊率lake ratio湖泊补给系数recharge coefficient of lake湖泊换水周期lake residence period湖盆lake basin湖面高程elevation of water level in lake岛屿率insulosity湖泊分层lake layering正温层direct thermal stratification逆温层inverse thermal stratification湖泊形态参数morphometric parameter of lake湖泊面积lake area湖泊容量storage of lake湖泊长度length of lake湖泊宽度width of lake湖泊最大深度maximum depth of lake湖泊平均深度mean depth of lake湖泊岸线长度length of lake shoreline湖泊岸线法发育系数development coefficient of lake shoreline 水库reservoir水库特征水位characteristic water levels of reservoir 库容reservoir storage静库容still storage动库容（楔形库容）dynamic storage库容曲线stage-capacity curve水库特征库容characteristic storages of reservoir水库渗漏reservoir seepage水库淤积reservoir sedimentation水库诱发地震reservoir induced earthquake水库拦沙效率sediment trap efficiency of reservoir1.12、沼泽沼泽mire潜育沼泽non-peat mire泥炭沼泽peat mire低位沼泽low level mire高位沼泽main level mire中位沼泽medium level mire沼泽水文mire hydrology沼泽水量平衡water balance of mire沼泽水mire water沼泽蒸发mire evaporation沼泽径流mire runoff沼泽表面流surface flow of mire沼泽表层流surface layer of mire沼泽含水性moisture property of mire沼泽持水性water retention of mire沼泽透水性perviousness of mire沼泽率mire ratio1.13、冰川冰川glacier山地冰川（山岳冰川）mountain glacier谷冰川valley glacier宽尾冰川broad-tail glacier冰斗冰川cirque glacier悬冰川hanging glacier贯通冰川（山麓冰川）penetrating glacier冰原ice field冰川平衡线equilibrium line of glacier二、水文测验2.1、一般术语水文测验hydrometry水文勘测hydrologic reconnaissance水文遥感技术remote-sensing technology in hydrology水文空间技术space technology in hydrology水文核技术nuclear technology in hydrology全球定位系统global positioning system遥测telemetry驻测stationary gauging巡测tour gauging间测intermittent gauging检测test gauging校测corrective gauging委托观测entrust gauging水文仪器hydrologic instrumen直读仪器direct-reading instrument自记仪器automatic-recording instrument遥测装置remote telemetry unit传感器sensor固态存贮器solid storage计数器counter记录器recorder显示器display unit平均无故障工作时间mean time between failures相应水位equivalent stage2.2、水文站网水文测站hydrometric station基本站basic station辅助站auxiliary station专用站special station水文实验站hydrologic experimental station基准水文站bench mark hydrologic station水文气象站hydrometeorologic station巡测站tour gauging station水文站gauging station大河控制站main-stream control station区域代表站regional representative station小河站small-stream station河道站river station水库站reservoir station渠道战canal station湖泊站lake station堰闸站weir and sluice station水位站stage gauging station潮水位站（验潮站）tidal level station水库水位站reservoir stage gauging station湖泊水位站lake stage gauging station雨量站（降水量站）rain gauging station配套雨量站complete set rain gauging station雨量观测场rain observation yard水面蒸发站water surface evaporation station陆上水面蒸发场water surface evaporation station on land 漂浮水面蒸发场floating water surface evaporation yard 水质站（水质监测站）water qualiky station泥沙站sediment station地下水观测井observation well of groundwater水文站网hydrologic network基本站网basic hydrologic network流量站网streamflow gauging network雨量站网rain gauging network水面蒸发站网water surface evaporation network水位站网stage gauging network泥沙站网sediment gauging network水质站网water quality network地下水观测井网groundwater observation well network 站网规划hydrologic network planning水文分区hydrologic regionalization站网布设network layout站网分析network analysis站网检验network examination站网优化network optimization站网调整network adjustment站网密度network density现实密度real density可用密度usable density容许最稀站网minimum network设站年限station required age水文信息hydrologic information水文效益hydrologic benefit2.3、测验基本设施及测量基面datum绝对基面absolute datum假定基面arbitrary datum测站基面station datum冻结基面stationary datum测站控制station control河槽控制channel control断面控制section control人工控制artificial control河底控制river bottom control槛式控制sill control测验河段measuring reach水流平面图flow plane map水道地形图channel topographic map断面标志cross-section sign断面桩cross-section stake标志杆sign rod辐射杆radiation rod基线base line基线桩base line stake水准点benchmark基本水准点basic benchmark校核水准点check benchmark临时水准点temporary benchmark测验断面measuring cross-section基本水尺断面basic gauge cross-section流速仪测流断面current-meter measuring cross-section 浮标测流断面float measuring cross-section比降水尺断面slope measuring cross-section辅助水尺断面secondary gauging cross-section临时测流断面temporary measuring cross-section 水文缆道hydrometric cableway悬索缆道suspended cableway悬杆缆道suspended rod cableway机动缆道mororized cableway手动缆道hand-operating cableway主索main cable循环索loop cable起重索suspension cable水文缆车hydrometric cable car吊船过河索cableway for anchoring boat缆道测验仪cableway measuring device水文测船hydrometric boat水文测桥hydrometric bridge桥测车gauging vehicle on bridge水文巡测车tour gauging vehicle for hydrometry 水准测量leveling跨河水准测量river-crossing leveling水尺零点测量survey of gauge zero控制测量control survey高程控制测量vertical control survey平面控制测量horizontal control survey导线测量traverse survey三角测量triangulation距离测量distance survey河道观测river survey地形测量topographic survey碎部测量detail survey水下地形测量underwater topographic survey2.4、降水量、蒸发量观测及仪器设备降水量precipitation雨量rainfall积雪深度snow depth积雪密度snow density雪水当量water equivalent of snow降水历时precipitation duration降雨强度rainfall intensity降水日数number of precipitation days降水量观测precipitation observation雨量器raingauge承水器raingauge receiver量杯measuring glass累积雨量器accumulative raingauge雨量计rainfall recorder虹吸式雨量计siphon rainfall recorder翻斗式雨量计tipping-bucket rainfall recorder长期雨量计long-term rainfall recorder遥测雨量计telemetering rainfall recorder测雨雷达precipitation-monitoring radar雪量器snow gauge雨雪量计rain and snow recorder蒸发量evaporation蒸发量观测evaporation observation蒸发量折算系数reduction coefficient of evaporation 遮挡率screen ratio蒸发器evaporation pan小型蒸发器（蒸发皿）small evaporation panE-601型蒸发器evaporation pan of type E-601漂浮蒸发器floating evaporation pan蒸发计evaporimeter遥测蒸发计telemetering evaporimeter2.5、水位、水温、波浪观测及仪器设备水位观测stage observation水尺零点gauge zero最高水位maximum stage最低水位minimum stage平均水位mean stage水位变幅fluctuation range of stage比降观测slope observation涨落率rate of rise and fall水面起伏度undulating range of surface水温观测water temperature observation水温表water thermometer波浪观测wave observation波高wave height波长wave lendth波峰wave crest波谷wave trough波陡wave steep测波仪wave meter水尺gauge直立水尺vertical gauge倾斜水尺inclined gauge悬锤水尺wire weight gauge矮桩水尺stake gauge测针水尺point gauge钩形水尺hool gauge最高水位水尺crest stage gauge校核水尺check gauge基本水尺basic gauge辅助水尺auxiliary gauge比降水尺slope gauge临时水尺temporary gauge水位计stage gauge自记水位计stage recorder浮子式水位计float type stage recorder压力式水位计pressure-type stage recorder超声波水位计ultrasonic stage recorder遥测水位计telemetering stage recorder接触式水位计contact-type stage recorder远传水位计telecontrol stage recorder自记水位计台stage recorder installation静水井stilling well2.6、水深、断面测量及仪器设备水深depth测得水深measured depth有效水深effective depth相对水深relative depth断面平均水深mean depth at a cross-section测深sounding测深垂线sounding vertical测深杆sounding rod测深锤sounding weight超声波测探仪（回声测深仪）ultrasonic sounder压力测深仪pressure sounder铅鱼elliptic-type weight起点距distance from initial point断面索tag line水面宽water surface width河底高程river bed elevation横断面cross-section大断面possible maximum cross-section过水断面wetted cross-section水道断面channel cross-section断面面积cross-section area部分面积segment area纵断面longitudinal profile深泓纵断面thalweg profile平均河底高程纵剖面mean channel bed elevation profile拉偏索pull slanting cable悬索偏角改正sounding line correction干绳改正air line correction湿绳改正wet lien correction2.7、流速测验及仪器设备流速测量velocity measurement水面流速surface velocity测点流速velocity at a point最大测点流速maximum point velocity测速垂线velocity-measuring vertical垂线平均流速mean velocity at a vertical部分平均流速mean velocity at a segment断面平均流速mean velocity at a cross-section浮标流速float velocity中泓流速midstream velocity流速分布velocity distribution流速梯度velocity gradient垂线流速分布vertical velocity distribution断面流速分布cross-section velocity distribution测点流速系数point velocity coefficient水面流速系数surface velocity coefficient顺流downstream flow逆流upstream flow流速脉动velocity pulsation中泓流速midstream流向测量flow-direction measurement断面平均流向mean flow direction at a cross-section 流向改正correction for flow direction流向仪flow-direction meter流量测量discharge measurement流速面积法velocity area method流速仪法current-meter method积宽法width-integrating method积深法depth-integrating method选点法point-integrating method动船法moving boat method单宽流量unit discharge部分流量segment discharge比降面积法slope area method浮标法float method浮标系数float coefficient水面浮标系数surface float coefficient中泓浮标系数midstream float coefficient虚流量virtual discharge超声波测流法ultrasonic gauging method电磁测流法electromagnetic gauging method 体积法cubature流速仪法current-meter method转子式流速仪rotating-element current-meter 旋杯市流速仪cup-type current-meter旋浆式流速仪propeller-type current-meter电波流速仪electric wave current-meter超声波剖面流速仪ultrasonic profile current-meter 多普勒流速仪Doppler current-meter参证流速仪reference current-meter流量计flow meter文杜里水流计Venturi flow meter毕托管Pitot tube流速仪检定current-meter calibration检定槽calibration tank检定车calibration carriage浮标float水面浮标系数surface float小浮标small float双浮标double float浮杆float-rod中泓浮标系数midstream float浮标投放器float thrower涉水测流wading stream gauging测杆wading rod2.8、建筑物测流及稀释法测流建筑物测流structure stream-gauging测流堰weir薄壁堰thin-plate weir三角形堰triangular notch weir矩形堰rectangular notch weir梯形堰trapezoidal notch weir实用堰short-crested weir宽顶堰broad-crested weir三角形剖面堰triangular-profile weir平坦V性堰flat-V weir复合堰compound weir全宽堰full-width weir收缩堰contracted weir测流堰flume文杜里水槽Venturi flume临界水深水槽critical-depth flume巴歇尔槽Parshall flume堰体weir body堰高height of weir堰顶高程elevation of weir crest堰顶水头weir head水工建筑物测流flow measurement by hydraulic structure闸门开启高度gate opening行近河槽approach channel行近流速approach velocity堰流weir flow流态flow regime自由流free flow淹没流submerged flow半淹没流half-submerged flow孔流sluice flow射流jet flow淹没比submergence ratio淹没系数submergence coefficient流速系数velocity coefficient流量系数discharge coefficient稀释法测流dilution method for discharge measurement示踪剂tracer标准溶液standard solution背景浓度background concentration稀释比dilution ratio混匀长度mixing length等速注入法constant-rate injection method积分法（一次注入法）integrating method多点注入法multiple injection method注入断面injection cross-section取样断面sampling cross-section2.9、泥沙测验、泥沙颗粒分析及仪器设备泥沙测验sediment measurement断面平均含沙量mean sediment concentration at a cross-section 测点含沙量sediment concentration at a point垂线平均含沙量mean sediment concentration at a vertical单样含沙量index sediment concentration相应单样含沙量equivalent index sediment concentration悬移质输沙率测验suspended sediment discharge全断面混合法cross-section mixing method推移质输沙率bed load discharge单样推移质输沙率index bed load discharge单宽推移质输沙率bed load discharge per unit推移质输沙率测验bed load discharge measurement器测法sampling method坑测法pit method沙波法dune tracking method床沙测验bed material measurement照相法photographic method打印法stamp pad method床沙采样器bed material sampler悬移质采样器suspended sediment sampler瞬时式采样器instantaneous sampler积时式采样器time-integrating sampler瓶式采样器bottled sampler皮囊式采样器collapsible sampler泵式采样器pumping sampler调压式采样器pressure adjustable sample同位素测沙仪radioisotope sediment concentration meter 光电测沙仪photoelectric sediment concentration meter 振动式测沙仪vibrational sediment concentration meter 推移质采样器bed load sampler网式采样器basket-type sampler压差式采样器pressure-difference sampler进口流速系数intake velocity coefficient采样效率sampling efficiency水样处理sample processing烘干法oven-dry method过滤法filtration method置换法displacement method泥沙颗粒分析particle size analysis尺量法direct measurement method称重法gravimetric method筛分析法sieve analysis method粒径计法settling tube method吸管法pipet method消光法photosedimentation method比重计法（密度计法）hydrometer method离心沉降法centrifugal settling method颗分仪法grain-size analysis meter分析筛sieve沉降管sedimentation tube粒径计settling tube meter吸管法pipet光电颗分仪photoelectric particle size meter比重计（密度计）hydrometer泥沙沉降sediment settling沉降速度settling velocity平均沉速mean settling velocity絮凝flocculation反凝剂deflocculant粒径particle diameter中数粒径median particle diameter平均粒径mean particle diameter等容粒径nominal diameter投影粒径projected diameter三轴平均粒径triaxial mean particle diameter几何平均粒径geometric mean particle diameter筛析粒径sieve diameter沉降粒径settling diameter粒径组fraction of particle size颗粒级配grain-size distribution颗粒级配曲线grain-size distribution curve单样颗粒级配index sample grain-size distribution垂线平均颗粒级配mean grain-size distribution in a vertical断面平均颗粒级配mean grain-size distribution in a cross-section累计沙重百分数accumulated sediment weight percent分沙器silt divider2.10、地下水观测及仪器设备地下水动态观测groundwater regime observation地下水动态要素elements of groundwater regime地下水天然动态natural groundwater regime地下水开采动态groundwater regime under exploitation地下水动态曲线hydrograph of groundwater element地下水位下降速率decline rate of groundwater level观测井定点reference mark on observation well地下水位计groundwater stage gauge2.11、水质监测及采样仪器设备水质监测water quality monitoring流动监测mobile monitoring自动监测automatic monitoring生物监测biologic monitoring便携式水质监测仪portable water quality monitor水质自动检测系统automatic water quality analyzing system卫星水质遥测系统remote-measuring system of water quality by satellite 采样断面sampling cross-section对照断面check cross-section控制断面control cross-section消减断面attenuation cross-section水样保存water-sample preservation检出率detected ratio超标率over-limit ratio痕迹量trace未检出nonreadout回收率recovery ratio溶解气体采样器dissolved gases sampler2.12、冰清观测及仪器设备冰清观测ice-regime ovservation固定点冰厚测量fixed-point ice thickness measurement冰清目测visual observation of ice regime冰清符号ice code冰清图ice-regime charts初冰日期first-ice date封冻日期freeze-up date解冻日期break-up date终冰日期end ice date封冻历时freeze-up duration水漫冰厚thickness of immersed ice敞露水面宽open-water width冰流量ice discharge流冰疏密度ice run concentration冰花厚thickness of frazil slush冰花密度density of frazil slush。
水利水文术语表 中英对照
水圈 hydrosphere水体 water body水科学 water science水文学 hydrology陆地水文学 land hydrology应用水文学 applied hydrology工程水文学 engineering hydrology水汽 water vapour水文要素 hydrologic elements积雪 snow cover终雪 latest snow融雪 snowmelt冰雹 hail截留 interception填洼 depression detention地面滞留 surface detention陆面蒸发 evaporation of land水面蒸发 evaporation of water surface 土壤蒸发 evaporation from soil散发（植物蒸腾） transpiration蒸发能力 evaporation capability下渗（入渗） infiltration 稳渗 steady infiltration下渗能力 infiltration capability 河川径流 river runoff降雨径流 rainfall runoff暴雨径流 storm runoff融雪径流 snowmelt runoff枯季径流 dry season runoff基流 base flow阴塞高压 blocking high低空急流 low－level jet低涡 vortex反气旋（高压） anticyclone气旋（低压） cyclone热带气旋 tropic cyclone热带低压 tropic depression热带风暴 tropic storm强热带风暴 severe tropic storm气团 air mass锋（锋面） front气象 meteorology气候区划 climatic regionalization 气候带 climatic zone小气候 microclimate副热带（亚热带）subtropic zone比湿 specific humidity蒲福风级 Beaufort wind scale霜点 frost point霜冻 frostbite无霜期 frost－free period流域 watershed (basin)闭合流域 enclosed basin不闭合流域 non－enclosed basin闭流区（流区） bling drainage area分水线（分水岭） divide流域几何特征basin geometric characteristics河道复流（河道再生） resurgence常年河 perennial stream间歇河 intermittent stream悬河（地上河） elevated stream夺流河（断头河） captured river盈水河 gaining stream亏水河 losing stream暴洪河流 flashy stream 界河 boundary river废河道（古河道） dead river凹岸 concave bank凸岸 convex bank岸壁 land wall水边线（岸线） water line堤防 levee河长 river length河弯 river bend弯曲率 tortuosity航道 navigable channel河段 reach潜洲 submerged bar水利学 hydraulics明渠水力学 open channel hydraulics 水静力学 hydrostatics水动力学 hydrodynamics明渠水流 open channel flow恒定流 steady flow非恒定流 unsteady flow均匀流（等速流） uniform flow非均匀流（变速流） non－uniform flow急流 supercritical flow缓流 subcritical flow异重流 density current临界流 critical flow临界水深 critical depth临界流速 critical velocity临界流量 critical discharge水头 head位置水头（位能） elevation head 低强水头（压能） pressure head 流速水头（动能） velocity head 雷诺数 Reymold number韦伯数 Weber number水力因素 hydraulic factor湿周 wetted perimeter水力半径 hydraulic radius宽深比 width－depth ratio落差 fall驻波 standing wave移动波 translation wave河流动力学 river dynamics山洪侵蚀 torrential erosion 流域产沙量 watershed sediment yield溶解性总固体 total dissolved solids离子含量 ion concentration离子总量 total ion concentration离子流量 ion discharge矿化度 mineral content盐度 salinity碱度 alkalinity酸度 acidity电导率 electric conductivity混浊度（浊度） turbidity总需氧量 total oxygen demand溶解氧 dissolved oxygen需氧量 oxygen demand生化需氧量 biochemical oxygen demand滑雪需氧量 chemical oxygen demand硬度 hardness非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度） non－carbonate hardness浮冰 floating ice锚冰 anchor ice封冻期 freeze－up period封冻（封河） freeze－up平封 flat freeze－up立封 upright freeze－up冰盖 ice cover连底冻 grounded ice cover冰丘 ice mound封冻冰缘 ice edge of freeze－up清沟 lead初生清沟 primary lead再生清沟 secondary lead冰花路毡 sludge road felt冰上覆雪 snow cover over ice冰脊 ice ridge冰缝 crack悬冰 suspended ice cover冰堆 ice pack冰塞 ice jam冰上结冰 aufeis解冻期 break－up period冰变色 color change of ice cover冰上有水 accumulation of melt water 月中天 lunar transit 引潮力 tidal generation force天文潮 astronomic tide气象潮 metorologic tide潮汐周期 tidal cycle半日潮 semidiurnal tide全日潮 diurnal tide混合潮 mixed tide大潮 spring tide小潮 neap tide中潮 moderate tide太阴月 lunar day潮期 duration of tide涨潮历时 duration of tidal rise 落潮历时 duration of tidal fall 潮流 tidal current涨潮流 flood tidal current落潮流 ebb tidal current憩流 slack tide潮流速 tidal velocity往复流 reversing current旋转流 rotary current潮流期 duration of tidal current涨潮流历时 duration of flood current地下水流速 velocity of groundwater flow 地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）hydraulic gradient of groundwater地下水等水位线图 water－table contour map含水层 aquifer含水岩系 water－content rock series含水岩组 water－content rock formation 含水岩性 water－content rock property 含水介质 water－hearing medium均匀介质 homogeneous medium非均匀介质 inhomogeneous medium含水层边界 aquifer boundary透水边界 permeable boundary隔水边界 confining boundary弱透水边界 acquitted boundary透水层 permeable bed隔水层 confining bed弱透水层 acquitter水文地质参数 hydrogeological parameters 渗透系数 permeability coefficient 导水系数(释水系数）coefficient of transmissivity贮水系数 storativity水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）coefficient of water table conductivity 压力传导系数coefficient of pressure conductivity持水度 water－holding capacity土壤水分常数 soil moisture constants土壤吸湿系数 absorption coefficient of soil moisture凋萎系数 wilting coefficient田间持水量 field capacity毛管断裂含水量moisture content at capillary rupture 最大水分吸水量maximum molecular moisture content零通量面法 zero flux plane method潜水 phreatic water降水入渗补给 precipitation recharge降水入渗补给系数coefficient of precipitation recharge地表水补给 surface water recharge凝结水补给 condensation recharge侧向补给 lateral recharge越流补给 leakage recharge灌溉补给系数irrigation recharge coefficient of groundwater潜水蒸发 phreatic water evaporation潜水蒸发临界深度critical depth of phreatic water evaporation潜水溢出量 phreatic water overflow to surface潜水位 phreatic water level潜水埋深 buried depth of phreatic water level潜水含水层厚度thickness of phreatic water aquifer流湖 endorheic lake淡水湖 fresh lake咸水湖 salt lake盐湖 saline lake季节性湖泊 seasonal lake富营养湖泊 eutrophic lake 贫营养湖泊 poornutrient lake湖流 lake current梯度流 gradient current漂流 current of friction湖泊波漾（假湖） lake seiche湖泊增减水 lake wind denivellation湖泊率 lake ratio湖泊补给系数recharge coefficient of lake湖泊换水周期 lake residence period湖盆 lake basin湖面高程 elevation of water level in lake 岛屿率 insulosity湖泊分层 lake layering正温层 direct thermal stratification逆温层 inverse thermal stratification 湖泊形态参数 morphometric parameter of lake高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽） main level mire 中位沼泽（中营养沼泽） medium level mire 沼泽水量平衡 water balance of mire沼泽水 mire water沼泽蒸发 mire evaporation沼泽径流 mire runoff沼泽表面流 surface flow of mire沼泽表层流 surface layer flow of mire 沼泽含水性 moisture property of mire沼泽持水性 water retention of mire沼泽透水性 perviousness of mire沼泽率 mire ratio冰川 glacier山地冰川（山岳冰川） mountain glacier 谷冰川 valley glacier宽尾冰川 broad－tail glacier冰斗冰川 cirque glacier悬冰川 hanging glacier贯通冰川（山麓冰川） penetrating glacier 冰原 ice field冰川平衡线 equilibrium line of glacier 委托观测 entrust gauging水文仪器 hydrologic instrument直读仪器 direct－reading instrument自记仪器automatic－recording instrument 遥测仪器 remote telemetry unit固态存贮器 solid storage计数器 counter记录器 recorder显示器 display unit平均无故障工作时间mean time between failures相应水位 equivalent stage水文测站 hydrometric station基本站 basic station辅助站 auxiliary station专用站 special station水文试验站hydraulic experimental station基准水文站 bench mark hydrologic station 水文气象站 hydrometeorology station巡测站 tour gauging station水文站 gauging station雨量站网 rain gauging network水面蒸发站网water surface evaporation network水位站网 stage gauging network泥沙站网 sediment gauging network水质站网 water quality network地下水观测井网groundwater voservation well network站网规划 hydrologic network planning水文分区 hydrologic regionalization站网布设 network layout容许最稀站网 minimum network设站年限 station required age基面 datum临时水准点 temporary benchmark测验断面 measuring cross－section基本水尺断面 basic gauge cross－section 流速仪测流断面current－meter measuring cross－section 浮标测流断面float measuring cross－section比降水尺断面slope measuring cross－section辅助水尺断面secondary gauging cross－section临时测流断面temporary measuring cross－section水文缆道 hydrometric cableway悬索缆道 suspended cableway悬杆缆道 suspended rod cableway机动缆道 motorized cableway手动缆道 hand－operating cableway循环索 loop cable起重索 suspension cable水文缆车 hydrometric cable car吊船过河索 cableway for anchoring boat 缆道测验仪 cableway measuring device 水文测船 hydrometric boat水文测桥 hydrometric bridge桥测车 gauging vehicle on bridge水文巡测车tour gauging vehicle for hygrometry雨量器 raingauge承水器 raingauge receiver量杯 measuring glass渠积雨量器 accumulative raingauge雨量计 rainfall recorder虹吸式雨量计 siphon rainfall recorder翻斗式雨量计tipping－bucket rainfall recorder长期雨量计 long－term rainfall recorder 遥测雨量计telemetering rainfall recorder测雨雷达precipitation－monitoring radar雪量线 snow gauge雨雪量计 rain and snow recorder蒸发量 evaporation蒸发量观测 evaporation observation蒸发量折算系数reduction coefficient of evaporation遮挡率 screen ratio蒸发器 evaporation pan小型蒸发器（蒸发皿） small evaporation panE－601型蒸发器evaporation pan of type E－601漂浮蒸发器 floating evaporation pan蒸发计 evaporimeter遇测蒸发计 telemetering evaporimeter 钩形水尺 hook gauge最高水位水尺 crest stage gauge校核水尺 check gauge基本水尺断面 basic gauge辅助水尺断面 auxiliary gauge比降水尺断面 slope gauge临时水尺 temporary gauge水位计 stage gauge自记水位计 stage recorder浮子式水位计 float－type stage recorder 压力式水位计pressure－type stage recorder超声波水位计 ultrasonic stage recorder 遥测水位计 telemetering stage recorder 接触试水位计contact－type stage recorder远传水位计 telecontrol stage recorder 自记水位计台stage recorder installation静水井 stilling well测得水深 measured depth有效水深 effective depth相对水深 relative depth断面平均水深 mean depth at a cross－section干绳改正 air line correction湿绳改正 wet line correction测点流速 velocity measurement测速垂线 surface velocity水面流速 velocity at a point测点流速 maximum point velocity最大测点流速velocity－measuring vertical垂线平均流速 mean velocity at a vertical 部分平均流速 mean velocity at a segment 断面平均流速cross－section velocity distribution浮标流速 point velocity coefficient中泓流速 surface velocity coefficient流速分布 velocity distribution流速梯度 velocity gradient垂线流速分布vertical velocity distribution断面流速分布cross－section velocity distribution水面流速分布surface velocity coefficient顺流 downstream flow逆流 upstream flow流速脉动 velocity pulsation中泓流速 midstream流向测量 flow－direction measurement体积法 cubature流速仪 current－meter转子式流速仪rotating－element current－meter旋杯式流速仪 cup－type current－meter 旋桨式流速仪 propeller－type current－meter电波流速仪 electric wave current－meter 超声波剖面流速仪ultrasonic profile current－meter多普勒流速仪 Doppler current－meter参证流速仪 reference current－meter流量计 flow meter文杜里水流计 Venturi flow meter毕托管 Pitot tube流速仪检定 current－meter calibration 检定槽 calibration tank检定车 calibration carriage水面浮标 surface float小浮标 small float双浮标 double float浮杆 float－rod堰顶高程 elevation of weir crest堰顶水头 weir head水工建筑物测流flow measurement by hydraulic structure 闸门开启高度 gate opening行近河槽 approach channel行近流速 approach velocity堰流 weir flow流态 flow regime自由流 free flow淹没流 submerged flow半淹没流 half－submerged flow孔流 sluice flow射流 jet flow 淹没比 submergence ratio淹没系数 submergence coefficient流速系数 velocity coefficient流量系数 discharge coefficient稀释法测流 dilution method for discharge measurement示踪剂 tracer标准溶液 standard solution背景浓度background concentration solution稀释比 dilution ratio推移质输沙率测验bed load discharge measurement器策法 sampling method坑测法 pit method沙波法 dune tracking method床沙测验 bed material measurement照相法 photographic method打印法 stamp pad method床沙采样器 bed material sampler悬移质采样器 suspended sediment sampler 瞬时式采样器 instantaneous sampler积时式采样器 time－integrating sampler 瓶式采样器 bottled sampler皮囊式采样器 collapsible sample泵式采样器 pumping sampler调压式采样器pressure adjustable sampler同位素测沙仪radioisotope sediment concentration meter光电测沙仪photoelectric sediment concentration meter振动式测沙仪vibrational sediment concentration meter 推移质采样器 bed load sampler网式采样器 basket－type sampler吸管 pipet光电颗分仪 photoelectric particle size meter比重计（密度计） hydrometer泥沙沉降 sediment settling沉降速度 settling velocity 平均沉速 mean settling velocity絮凝 flocculation反凝剂 defloeculant粒径 particle diameter中数粒径 median particle diameter平均粒径 mean particle diameter等容粒径 nominal diameter投影粒径 projected diameter三轴平均粒径triaxial mean particle diameter几何平均粒径geometric mean particle diameter筛析粒径 sieve diameter沉降粒径 settling diameter粒径组 fraction of particle size颗粒级配 grain－size distribution颗粒级配曲线 grain－size distribution curve单样颗粒级配index sample grain－size distribution 垂线平均颗粒级配mean grain－size distribution in avertical对照断面 check cross－section控制断面 control cross－section消减断面 attenuation cross－section水样保存 water－sample preservation检出率 detected ratio超标率 over－limit ratio痕迹量 trace未检出 nonreadout回收率 recovery ratio溶解气体采样器 dissolved gases sampler 冰情观测 ice－regime observation固定点冰厚测址fixed－point ice thickness measurement 冰情目测visual observation of ice regime冰情符号 ice code冰情图 ice－regime charta初冰日期 first－ice date封冰日期 freeze－up date解冻日期 break－up date终冰日期 end ice date 封冻历时 freeze－up duration水浸冰厚 thickness of immersed ice敲露水面宽 open－water width冰流量 ice discharge等深点流速改正法revised isobath－velocity method流速过程线改正法revised velocity－hydrograph method有效潮差 significant tidal range负波高 negative wave height水库水文测验 hygrometry of reservoir入库水量 reservoir inflow出库水量 reservoir outflow水库供水 reservoir water supply水库弃水surplus water released frome reservoir 水库渗漏量 reservoir seepage volume水库蓄水变量variation of reservoir storage水库蓄水变率 rate of reservoir storage change坝上水位 stage behind dam库区水位 stage in reservoir region水库淤积测量reservoir sedimentation survey水库淤积量reservoir sedimentation volume地形法 method of topographic survey断面法 method of cross－section survey 淤积形态morphology of reservoir deposition淤积三角洲 sedimentation delta淤积物密度dry density of reservoir deposition岩溶地区水文调查hydrologic investigation in karst areas实际地表集水面积actual surface colleting area水文实验研究experimental research in hydrology代表流域 representative basin实验流域 experimental basin相似流域 similar basin径流实验研究 experimental research in runoff径流场 runoff plot人工降雨装置 artificial rainfall device 蒸发实验研究experimental research in evaporation蒸发池 evaporation tank土壤蒸发器 soil evaporator蒸散器 evapotranspirometer农田蒸发器 evaporator for agricultural land蒸渗仪 lysimeter地下水均衡场 groundwater balance plot 合理性检查 rational examination电算整编 processing by computer水文年鉴 water year－book测站考证 station examination站年 station year极值 extreme value加权平均法 weighted mean method断流水位 stage of zero flow河干 river of zero flow水文过程线 hydrograph水文综合过程线 synthetic hydrograph等值线 isopleth分布曲线 distribution curve水文特征值hydrologic characteristic value径流总量 total runoff径流模数 runoff modulus径流系数 runoff coefficient洪峰 flood peak洪水流量 peak discharge洪水总量 flood volume输沙模数 modulus of sediment runoff水位流量关系 stage－discharge relation 连时序法 chronological method绳套曲线 loop curve流量过程线法discharge hydrograph method潮汐要素法 tidal factor relation method 定潮汐要素法constant tidal factor relation method 合轴相关法 coaxial correlation method 一潮推流法method of discharge computation for a single tide水位流量关系 single－valued processing of stage－discharge relation关系曲线延长 extension of relation curve 流率表 rating table单断沙关系index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation 单断沙关系曲线法index and cross－section aerage sediment concentration relation curve method水位单断沙比关系曲线法stage versus ratio of index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation curve method单断沙比过程线法 hydrograph method of index and cross－section average sediment concentration ratio单样过程线法 hydrograph method of index sediment concentration真值 true value测量值（实测值） measured value最或然值 most probable value绝对误差 absolute error相对误差 relative error插机误差（偶然误差） random error允许误差 permissible error伪误差（粗差） spurious方差 variance标准差 standard deviation相对标准差 relative standard deviation 离差（偏差） deviation闭合差 closure error平差 adjustment精密度 precision准确度 correctness垂线抽样误差（M型误差）measuring vertical sampling error分布式数据库 distributed type data base 集中式数据库 concentrated type data base 网络式数据库 network type data base层次数据库 laminarization data base层次数据模型 laminarization data model 网状数据模型 network data model数据量 data bulk 结点 node水文数据库 hydrologic data base水文基本数据库hydrologic basic data base湖泊水文预报 hydrologic firecasting of lake施工水文预报hydrologic forecasting for construction period潮汐预报 tidal prediction旱情预报 soil moisture forecasting地下水动态预报groundwater regime forecasting预见期 forecast lead time超长期水文预报extended long－term hydrologic forecasting作业预报 operational forecasting预报方案 forecast scheme评定标准 accuracy standard方案合格率 qualified ratio of scheme确定性系数 deterministic coefficient汛 seasonal flood伏汛 summer flood汛期 flood season防汛 flood defence报汛站 flood－reporting station报汛站网 flook－reporting network常年水情站perennial hydrologic reporting station 汛期水情站hydrologic reporting station inflood season辅助水清站网auxiliary hydrologic reporting network 洪水警报 flood warning点雨量 point rainfall面雨量 areal rainfall泰森多边形 Thiessen polygon等雨量线法 isohyetal method产流 runoff yield蓄满产流 runoff yield at natural storage 超渗产流runoff yield in excess of infiltration 产流面积 area of runoff yield地表径流（直接径流） direct runoff地面流（坡面流） surface flow of mire 壤中流 prompt subsurface flow前期影响雨量 antecedent rainfall土壤缺水量 soil moisture deficit下渗能力曲线（下渗曲线）infiltration capability curve初损 initial losses后损（后渗）continuing losses坡面汇流 overland flow concentration河网汇流（河槽汇流）river network flow concentration地下汇流 groundwater flow concentration 汇流曲线 flow concentration curve流域汇流曲线 basin flow concentration curve坡面汇流曲线overland flow concentration curve河网汇流曲线river network flow concentration curve 地下汇流曲线groundwater flow concentration curve流域汇流时间 basin flow concentration time洪峰滞时 peak time lag流域滞时 basin time lag等流滞时 isochrone单位线 unit hydrograph经验单位线 empiricat unit hydrograph综合单位线 synthetic unit hydrograph瞬时单位线instantaneous unit hydrograph地貌瞬时单位线geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph坡地单位线 slope unit hydrograph河网单位线 river network unit hydrograph S－曲线 S－curve无因次单位线dimensionless unit hydrograph退水曲线 recession curve水文模型 hydrologic model水文物理模型（水文实体模型）hydrophysical model比尺模型 scale model比拟模型 analogue model水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model水文概念模型physically－based hydrologic mathematic model水文数学物理模型deterministic hydrologic model确定性水文模型stochastic hydrologic model分散式模型 distributed model集总式模型 lumped model线性水温模型 linear hydrologic model非线性水文模型nonlinear hydrologic model时不变水文模型time－invariant hydrologic model时变水文模型 time－variant hydrologic model流域水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model of watershed模型结构 model structure模型参数 model parameter模型误差 model error模型率定 model calibration模型检验 model verification水文模拟 hydrologic simulation遥测终端机 telemetry terminal meter中继机 relay meter前置通信控制机preset communication controller自报式系统 self－reporting system查询－应答式系统polling－answerback system混合式系统 mix system时分制遥测系统time－division telemetry system频分制遥测系统frequency－division telemetry system误码率 probability of word error接受率 receiving probability设计站 design station设计流域 design watershed 代表站 representative station参证站 bench－mark station典型年（代表年） typicyear水文系列 hydrologic series同步系列 synchronous series系列代表性 series representativeness柱状图 histogram诺谟图 monogram输沙量计算（固体径流计算）computation of sediment runoff水库回水计算computation of reservoir backwater水库淤积计算computation of reservoir sedimentation 水库下游河道冲刷计算computation of degradation below reservoir溃坝洪水计算evaluation of dam break flood感潮河段水力计算 hydraulic calculation for tidal reach样本容量 sample size随机变量 random variable随机系列 random series累计频率（频率） cumulative frequency 经验频率 empirical frequency水文频率分布曲线（水文频率曲线）hydrologic frequency distribution curve 皮尔逊分布 Pearson distribution对数正态分布 log normal distribution频率分析 frequency analysis随机模拟 stochastic simulation时间序列 time series随机水文分析hydrologic stochastic analysis趋势项 trend term周期项 cycle term随机项 stochastic term调和分析（谐波分析） harmonic analysis 潜分析 spectrum analysis回归分析（相关分析） regression analysis 相关系数 correlation coefficient自回归分析 autoregression analysis逐步回归分析stepwise regression analysis设计供水 design flood溢洪道设计洪水 spillway design flood分期设计洪水 stage design flood施工设计洪水design flood for construction period校核洪水 check flood实测洪水 observed flood调查洪水 investigated flood古洪水 paleoflood坝址洪水 dam－site flood入库洪水 reservoir inflow flood分项调查法item－by－item investigation method降雨径流模型法rainfall－runoff model method蒸发差值法evaporation difference method径流年分配 annual distribution of runoff 径流多年变化multiyear variation of runoff丰水期 high－water period平水期 normal－water period枯水期（枯季） low－flow period丰水年 wet year平水年（中水年） normal year枯水年 dry year特枯水年 extraordinary dry year连续丰水年 continuous wet years连续枯水年 continuous dry years水文年鉴 water year设计雨型 design storm pattern暴雨路径 storm track暴雨时程分配 time distribution of storm 暴雨地区分布special distribution of storm暴雨参数等值线 storm parametric isoline map点面换算系数point－area conversion coefficient定点定面关系fixed point－fixed area relationship可能最大露点 probable maximum dew point 暴雨移置改正storm transposition correction流域形状改正 watershed shape correction 水汽改正 moisture correction入流障碍改正 inflow obstacle correction 综合改正 synthetic correction暴雨幅合分量convergence component of storm地形增强因子topographic increasing factor等百分数法 isopercental method可能最大洪水 probable maximum flood涝 surface water logging渍 subsurface waterlogging排涝 surface waterlogging control排渍 subsurface waterlogging control排涝规划 waterlogging control planning 排涝标准standard for waterlogging control排涝计算computation of waterlogging control设计排涝流量design discharge for surface drainage设计排渍流量 design drainage discharge of subsurface waterlogging control设计排涝水位design water level for surface drainage 水荒 water famine水资源评价 water resources assessment 水资源基础评价water resources basic assessment水量评价 water quantity assessment水质评价 water quality assessment地表水资源评价surface water resources assessment水资源评价指标indexes of water resources assessment 水资源总量total amount of water resources地表水资源量surface water resources amount地下水资源量groundwater resources amount可利用量 utilizable water地下水可开采量groundwater available yield可供水量 available water supply径流调节 runoff regulation综合利用水库调节（多目标水库调节）reservoir regulation for comprehensive utilization水库调洪 reservoir flood routing水库供水调节reservoir regulation for water supply 水电站径流调节runoff regulation of hydropower regulation水库反调节 reregulating reservoir水库群调节 multi－reservoir regulation 径流调节计算computation of runoff regulation时历法（长系列操作法） chronological series method概率法（数理统计法） probability method 随机模拟法 stochastic simulation method 调节周期 regulating period目标函数 objective function约束方程 constraint equation状态变量 state variable决策变量 decision variable数学规划 mathematic programming线性规划 linear programming非线性规划 nonlinear programming水库防洪调度flood control scheduling of reservoir 水库实时调度real－time reservoir scheduling水库群调度 multi－reservoir scheduling 水库预报调度reservoir scheduling based on forecast 抽水蓄能 pumped storage水沙调度scheduling of water and sediment水环境 water environment水环境要素（水环境基质）water environment elements水环境背景值（水环境本底值）water environmental background value水生态系统 aquatic ecosystem 化学径流 chemical runoff环境用水 environmental water环境水文学 environmental hydrology环境水力学 environmental hydraulics环境水化学 environmental hydrochemistry 地下水超量开采 groundwater overdraft人工补给（人工回灌） artificial recharge 地下水降落漏斗 groundwater depression cone化学水污染 chemical water pollution无机物水污染water pollution by inorganic substances 有机物水污染water pollution by organic substances 有毒物质水污染water pollution by toxic substances放射性水污染radioactive water pollution热污染 thermal pollution生物水污染 water pollution by organism 富营养化 eutrophication次生水污染 secondary water pollution地下水污染 groundwater pollution水污染常规分析指标index of routine analysis for water pollution水污染遥感监测remote－sensing monitoring of water pollution污染物 pollutant污染物迁移 transport of pollutant机械迁移 physical transport物理－化学迁移physicochemical transport人为污染源 artificial pollution source 天然污染源 natural pollution source污染源调查 investigation of pollution sources污染源控制 pollution source control水质参数 water quality parameters水质模型 water quality model水温模型 water temperature model水质生物评价biologic assessment of water quality 水环境效益 water environmental effect 水污染环境效应 environmental effect of water pollution水环境保护water environmental protection水质规划 water quality planning河流水质规划river water quality planning水库水质规划reservoir water quality planning水污染综合防治规划planning of comprehensive water pollution control 水源保护区protection zone of water source蒸发 evaporation水位 stage流速 velocity流量 discharge含沙量 sediment concentration输沙率 sediment discharge水温模型 water temperature冰凌 ice run水质 water quality下垫面 underlying surface水文情势 hydrologic regime水文效应 hydrologic effect水文循环（水循环） hydrologic cycle水量平衡 water balance热量平衡 heat balance盐量平衡 salt balance大气水汽含量atmospheric water vapour content大气水汽输送atmospheric water vapour transport水汽输送通量 atmospheric water vapour flux降雨面积 rainfall area降雨分布 rainfall distribution暴雨洪水 storm flood冰凌洪水（凌讯） ice flood冰雪洪水 ice－snow melt flood雨雪混合洪水 rain and snowmelt flood山洪 flash flood溃坝洪水 dam－break flood 大气环流 atmospheric circulation行星尺度天气系统planetary scale weather system天气尺度天气系统synoptic scale weather system中小尺度天气系统meso and micro－scale weather风暴潮 storm surge风暴中心 storm center西风槽 westerly trough东风波 easterly wave低压槽 trough高压脊 ridge副热带高压 subtropic high温带 extratropic zone寒带 frigid zone季风 monsoon梅雨（霉雨）plum rains阵雨 showery rain地形雨 aerographic rain热带气旋雨 rainfall in tropic cyclone 卫星云图 satellite cloud picture气压（大气压强） atmospheric pressure 海平面气压 sea－level pressure湿球温度 wet－bulb temperature水汽压 vapour pressure饱和水汽压 saturation vapour pressure 绝对湿度 absolute humidity相对湿度 relative humidity饱和差 saturation deficit流域长度 basin length流域平均高程 basin elevation mean流域平均宽度 basin width mean流域平均坡度 basin slope mean流域不对称系数coefficient of basin nonsymmetric流域面积增长率 growth ratio of drainage area流域自然地理特征physiographic characteristics of basin 水系（河系） hydrographic net人工河网 artificial drainage network河网密度 drainage density明渠 open channel headwaters冲沟 gully溪流 brook分支 fork串沟 bifurcation channel外流河 exoreic river陆河 endothecia river减河 relief channel控制河段 control reach顺流河段 straight reach弯曲河段 bent reach扩散河段 expanding reach收缩河段 converging reach游荡河段 wandering reach感潮河段 tidal reach裁弯河段 channel cutoff稳定河槽 stable channel不稳定河槽（冲淤河槽） unstable channel 主槽 main channel单式河槽 single channel复式河槽 compound channel河道横断面 river cross－section河道纵断面 river longitudinal profile 断面特性 cross－section characteristics 河床形态 channel morphology浅滩 thoal急潭 cataract河漫滩 flood plain江心湖 channel island有效水头 effective head水头损失 head loss沿程水头损失 frictional head loss局部水头损失 local head loss能面比降 energy slope水面比降 surface slope摩阻比降 friction slope附加比降（加速比降） add slope河道比降（河床比降） channel slope水面横比降transverse slope of water surface倒比降 inverse slope总水头线 total head line水面线 water surface profile糙率 roughness 才系数 Chezy coefficient才公式 Chezy formula曼宁公式 Manning formula输水因数（输水率） conveyance factor水跃 hydraulic jump水舌 nappe回水曲线（壅水曲线） hackwater curve弗汝德数 Froude number悬移质 suspended load推移质 bed load床沙 bed material床沙质 bed material load冲泻质 wash load河流泥沙运动 sediment transport in river 泥沙起动 incipient motion of sediment 起动流速 competent velocity造床流址 dominant discharge泥沙密度 density of sediment高含沙水流flow with hypereoncentration of sediment 泥石流 debris flow水流挟沙能力。
水利水文术语表 中英对照
水圈hydrosphere水体water body水科学water science水文学hydrology陆地水文学land hydrology应用水文学applied hydrology工程水文学engineering hydrology水汽water vapour水文要素hydrologic elements积雪snow cover终雪latest snow融雪snowmelt冰雹hail截留interception填洼depression detention地面滞留surface detention陆面蒸发evaporation of land水面蒸发evaporation of water surface 土壤蒸发evaporation from soil散发（植物蒸腾）transpiration蒸发能力evaporation capability下渗（入渗）infiltration稳渗steady infiltration下渗能力infiltration capability河川径流river runoff降雨径流rainfall runoff暴雨径流storm runoff融雪径流snowmelt runoff枯季径流dry season runoff基流base flow阴塞高压blocking high低空急流low－level jet低涡vortex反气旋（高压）anticyclone气旋（低压）cyclone热带气旋tropic cyclone热带低压tropic depression热带风暴tropic storm强热带风暴severe tropic storm气团air mass锋（锋面）front气象meteorology气候区划climatic regionalization气候带climatic zone 小气候microclimate副热带（亚热带）subtropic zone比湿specific humidity蒲福风级Beaufort wind scale霜点frost point霜冻frostbite无霜期frost－free period流域watershed (basin)闭合流域enclosed basin不闭合流域non－enclosed basin闭流区（内流区）bling drainage area分水线（分水岭）divide流域几何特征basin geometric characteristics 河道复流（河道再生）resurgence常年河perennial stream间歇河intermittent stream悬河（地上河）elevated stream夺流河（断头河）captured river盈水河gaining stream亏水河losing stream暴洪河流flashy stream界河boundary river废河道（古河道）dead river凹岸concave bank凸岸convex bank岸壁land wall水边线（岸线）water line堤防levee河长river length河弯river bend弯曲率tortuosity航道navigable channel河段reach潜洲submerged bar水利学hydraulics明渠水力学open channel hydraulics水静力学hydrostatics水动力学hydrodynamics明渠水流open channel flow恒定流steady flow非恒定流unsteady flow均匀流（等速流）uniform flow非均匀流（变速流）non－uniform flow急流supercritical flow缓流subcritical flow异重流density current临界流critical flow临界水深critical depth临界流速critical velocity临界流量critical discharge水头head位置水头（位能）elevation head低强水头（压能）pressure head流速水头（动能）velocity head雷诺数Reymold number韦伯数Weber number水力因素hydraulic factor湿周wetted perimeter水力半径hydraulic radius宽深比width－depth ratio落差fall驻波standing wave移动波translation wave河流动力学river dynamics山洪侵蚀torrential erosion流域产沙量watershed sediment yield溶解性总固体total dissolved solids离子含量ion concentration离子总量total ion concentration离子流量ion discharge矿化度mineral content盐度salinity碱度alkalinity酸度acidity电导率electric conductivity混浊度（浊度）turbidity总需氧量total oxygen demand溶解氧dissolved oxygen需氧量oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand滑雪需氧量chemical oxygen demand硬度hardness非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度）non－carbonate hardness浮冰floating ice锚冰anchor ice封冻期freeze－up period封冻（封河）freeze－up 平封flat freeze－up立封upright freeze－up冰盖ice cover连底冻grounded ice cover冰丘ice mound封冻冰缘ice edge of freeze－up清沟lead初生清沟primary lead再生清沟secondary lead冰花路毡sludge road felt冰上覆雪snow cover over ice冰脊ice ridge冰缝crack悬冰suspended ice cover冰堆ice pack冰塞ice jam冰上结冰aufeis解冻期break－up period冰变色color change of ice cover冰上有水accumulation of melt water 月中天lunar transit引潮力tidal generation force天文潮astronomic tide气象潮metorologic tide潮汐周期tidal cycle半日潮semidiurnal tide全日潮diurnal tide混合潮mixed tide大潮spring tide小潮neap tide中潮moderate tide太阴月lunar day潮期duration of tide涨潮历时duration of tidal rise落潮历时duration of tidal fall潮流tidal current涨潮流flood tidal current落潮流ebb tidal current憩流slack tide潮流速tidal velocity往复流reversing current旋转流rotary current潮流期duration of tidal current涨潮流历时duration of flood current地下水流速velocity of groundwater flow地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）hydraulic gradient of groundwater地下水等水位线图water－table contour map 含水层aquifer含水岩系water－content rock series含水岩组water－content rock formation含水岩性water－content rock property含水介质water－hearing medium均匀介质homogeneous medium非均匀介质inhomogeneous medium含水层边界aquifer boundary透水边界permeable boundary隔水边界confining boundary弱透水边界acquitted boundary透水层permeable bed隔水层confining bed弱透水层acquitter水文地质参数hydrogeological parameters渗透系数permeability coefficient导水系数(释水系数）coefficient of transmissivity贮水系数storativity水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）coefficient of water table conductivity压力传导系数coefficient of pressure conductivity持水度water－holding capacity土壤水分常数soil moisture constants土壤吸湿系数absorption coefficient of soil moisture凋萎系数wilting coefficient田间持水量field capacity毛管断裂含水量moisture content at capillary rupture最大水分吸水量maximum molecular moisture content零通量面法zero flux plane method潜水phreatic water降水入渗补给precipitation recharge降水入渗补给系数coefficient of precipitation recharge地表水补给surface water recharge凝结水补给condensation recharge 侧向补给lateral recharge越流补给leakage recharge灌溉补给系数irrigation recharge coefficient of groundwater潜水蒸发phreatic water evaporation潜水蒸发临界深度critical depth of phreatic water evaporation潜水溢出量phreatic water overflow to surface 潜水位phreatic water level潜水埋深buried depth of phreatic water level 潜水含水层厚度thickness of phreatic water aquifer内流湖endorheic lake淡水湖fresh lake咸水湖salt lake盐湖saline lake季节性湖泊seasonal lake富营养湖泊eutrophic lake贫营养湖泊poornutrient lake湖流lake current梯度流gradient current漂流current of friction湖泊波漾（假湖）lake seiche湖泊增减水lake wind denivellation湖泊率lake ratio湖泊补给系数recharge coefficient of lake湖泊换水周期lake residence period湖盆lake basin湖面高程elevation of water level in lake岛屿率insulosity湖泊分层lake layering正温层direct thermal stratification逆温层inverse thermal stratification湖泊形态参数morphometric parameter of lake 高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽）main level mire中位沼泽（中营养沼泽）medium level mire 沼泽水量平衡water balance of mire沼泽水mire water沼泽蒸发mire evaporation沼泽径流mire runoff沼泽表面流surface flow of mire沼泽表层流surface layer flow of mire沼泽含水性moisture property of mire沼泽持水性water retention of mire沼泽透水性perviousness of mire沼泽率mire ratio冰川glacier山地冰川（山岳冰川）mountain glacier 谷冰川valley glacier宽尾冰川broad－tail glacier冰斗冰川cirque glacier悬冰川hanging glacier贯通冰川（山麓冰川）penetrating glacier 冰原ice field冰川平衡线equilibrium line of glacier委托观测entrust gauging水文仪器hydrologic instrument直读仪器direct－reading instrument自记仪器automatic－recording instrument 遥测仪器remote telemetry unit固态存贮器solid storage计数器counter记录器recorder显示器display unit平均无故障工作时间mean time between failures相应水位equivalent stage水文测站hydrometric station基本站basic station辅助站auxiliary station专用站special station水文试验站hydraulic experimental station 基准水文站bench mark hydrologic station 水文气象站hydrometeorology station巡测站tour gauging station水文站gauging station雨量站网rain gauging network水面蒸发站网water surface evaporation network水位站网stage gauging network泥沙站网sediment gauging network水质站网water quality network地下水观测井网groundwater voservation well network站网规划hydrologic network planning水文分区hydrologic regionalization站网布设network layout容许最稀站网minimum network 设站年限station required age基面datum临时水准点temporary benchmark测验断面measuring cross－section基本水尺断面basic gauge cross－section流速仪测流断面current－meter measuring cross－section浮标测流断面float measuring cross－section 比降水尺断面slope measuring cross－section 辅助水尺断面secondary gauging cross－section临时测流断面temporary measuring cross－section水文缆道hydrometric cableway悬索缆道suspended cableway悬杆缆道suspended rod cableway机动缆道motorized cableway手动缆道hand－operating cableway循环索loop cable起重索suspension cable水文缆车hydrometric cable car吊船过河索cableway for anchoring boat缆道测验仪cableway measuring device水文测船hydrometric boat水文测桥hydrometric bridge桥测车gauging vehicle on bridge水文巡测车tour gauging vehicle for hygrometry雨量器raingauge承水器raingauge receiver量杯measuring glass渠积雨量器accumulative raingauge雨量计rainfall recorder虹吸式雨量计siphon rainfall recorder翻斗式雨量计tipping－bucket rainfall recorder长期雨量计long－term rainfall recorder遥测雨量计telemetering rainfall recorder测雨雷达precipitation－monitoring radar雪量线snow gauge雨雪量计rain and snow recorder蒸发量evaporation蒸发量观测evaporation observation蒸发量折算系数reduction coefficient of evaporation遮挡率screen ratio蒸发器evaporation pan小型蒸发器（蒸发皿）small evaporation pan E－601型蒸发器evaporation pan of type E－601漂浮蒸发器floating evaporation pan蒸发计evaporimeter遇测蒸发计telemetering evaporimeter钩形水尺hook gauge最高水位水尺crest stage gauge校核水尺check gauge基本水尺断面basic gauge辅助水尺断面auxiliary gauge比降水尺断面slope gauge临时水尺temporary gauge水位计stage gauge自记水位计stage recorder浮子式水位计float－type stage recorder压力式水位计pressure－type stage recorder 超声波水位计ultrasonic stage recorder遥测水位计telemetering stage recorder接触试水位计contact－type stage recorder远传水位计telecontrol stage recorder自记水位计台stage recorder installation静水井stilling well测得水深measured depth有效水深effective depth相对水深relative depth断面平均水深mean depth at a cross－section 干绳改正air line correction湿绳改正wet line correction测点流速velocity measurement测速垂线surface velocity水面流速velocity at a point测点流速maximum point velocity最大测点流速velocity－measuring vertical垂线平均流速mean velocity at a vertical部分平均流速mean velocity at a segment断面平均流速cross－section velocity distribution浮标流速point velocity coefficient中泓流速surface velocity coefficient流速分布velocity distribution 流速梯度velocity gradient垂线流速分布vertical velocity distribution断面流速分布cross－section velocity distribution水面流速分布surface velocity coefficient顺流downstream flow逆流upstream flow流速脉动velocity pulsation中泓流速midstream流向测量flow－direction measurement体积法cubature流速仪current－meter转子式流速仪rotating－element current－meter旋杯式流速仪cup－type current－meter旋桨式流速仪propeller－type current－meter 电波流速仪electric wave current－meter超声波剖面流速仪ultrasonic profile current－meter多普勒流速仪Doppler current－meter参证流速仪reference current－meter流量计flow meter文杜里水流计Venturi flow meter毕托管Pitot tube流速仪检定current－meter calibration检定槽calibration tank检定车calibration carriage水面浮标surface float小浮标small float双浮标double float浮杆float－rod堰顶高程elevation of weir crest堰顶水头weir head水工建筑物测流flow measurement by hydraulic structure闸门开启高度gate opening行近河槽approach channel行近流速approach velocity堰流weir flow流态flow regime自由流free flow淹没流submerged flow半淹没流half－submerged flow孔流sluice flow射流jet flow淹没比submergence ratio淹没系数submergence coefficient流速系数velocity coefficient流量系数discharge coefficient稀释法测流dilution method for discharge measurement示踪剂tracer标准溶液standard solution背景浓度background concentration solution 稀释比dilution ratio推移质输沙率测验bed load discharge measurement器策法sampling method坑测法pit method沙波法dune tracking method床沙测验bed material measurement照相法photographic method打印法stamp pad method床沙采样器bed material sampler悬移质采样器suspended sediment sampler瞬时式采样器instantaneous sampler积时式采样器time－integrating sampler瓶式采样器bottled sampler皮囊式采样器collapsible sample泵式采样器pumping sampler调压式采样器pressure adjustable sampler同位素测沙仪radioisotope sediment concentration meter光电测沙仪photoelectric sediment concentration meter振动式测沙仪vibrational sediment concentration meter推移质采样器bed load sampler网式采样器basket－type sampler吸管pipet光电颗分仪photoelectric particle size meter 比重计（密度计）hydrometer泥沙沉降sediment settling沉降速度settling velocity平均沉速mean settling velocity絮凝flocculation反凝剂defloeculant粒径particle diameter 中数粒径median particle diameter平均粒径mean particle diameter等容粒径nominal diameter投影粒径projected diameter三轴平均粒径triaxial mean particle diameter 几何平均粒径geometric mean particle diameter筛析粒径sieve diameter沉降粒径settling diameter粒径组fraction of particle size颗粒级配grain－size distribution颗粒级配曲线grain－size distribution curve 单样颗粒级配index sample grain－size distribution垂线平均颗粒级配mean grain－size distribution in a vertical对照断面check cross－section控制断面control cross－section消减断面attenuation cross－section水样保存water－sample preservation检出率detected ratio超标率over－limit ratio痕迹量trace未检出nonreadout回收率recovery ratio溶解气体采样器dissolved gases sampler冰情观测ice－regime observation固定点冰厚测址fixed－point ice thickness measurement冰情目测visual observation of ice regime冰情符号ice code冰情图ice－regime charta初冰日期first－ice date封冰日期freeze－up date解冻日期break－up date终冰日期end ice date封冻历时freeze－up duration水浸冰厚thickness of immersed ice敲露水面宽open－water width冰流量ice discharge等深点流速改正法revised isobath－velocity method流速过程线改正法revised velocity－hydrograph method有效潮差significant tidal range负波高negative wave height水库水文测验hygrometry of reservoir入库水量reservoir inflow出库水量reservoir outflow水库供水reservoir water supply水库弃水surplus water released frome reservoir水库渗漏量reservoir seepage volume水库蓄水变量variation of reservoir storage水库蓄水变率rate of reservoir storage change 坝上水位stage behind dam库区水位stage in reservoir region水库淤积测量reservoir sedimentation survey 水库淤积量reservoir sedimentation volume地形法method of topographic survey断面法method of cross－section survey淤积形态morphology of reservoir deposition 淤积三角洲sedimentation delta淤积物密度dry density of reservoir deposition 岩溶地区水文调查hydrologic investigation in karst areas实际地表集水面积actual surface colleting area水文实验研究experimental research in hydrology代表流域representative basin实验流域experimental basin相似流域similar basin径流实验研究experimental research in runoff 径流场runoff plot人工降雨装置artificial rainfall device蒸发实验研究experimental research in evaporation蒸发池evaporation tank土壤蒸发器soil evaporator蒸散器evapotranspirometer农田蒸发器evaporator for agricultural land蒸渗仪lysimeter地下水均衡场groundwater balance plot合理性检查rational examination电算整编processing by computer水文年鉴water year－book测站考证station examination 站年station year极值extreme value加权平均法weighted mean method断流水位stage of zero flow河干river of zero flow水文过程线hydrograph水文综合过程线synthetic hydrograph等值线isopleth分布曲线distribution curve水文特征值hydrologic characteristic value径流总量total runoff径流模数runoff modulus径流系数runoff coefficient洪峰flood peak洪水流量peak discharge洪水总量flood volume输沙模数modulus of sediment runoff水位流量关系stage－discharge relation连时序法chronological method绳套曲线loop curve流量过程线法discharge hydrograph method 潮汐要素法tidal factor relation method定潮汐要素法constant tidal factor relation method合轴相关法coaxial correlation method一潮推流法method of discharge computation for a single tide水位流量关系single－valued processing of stage－discharge relation关系曲线延长extension of relation curve流率表rating table单断沙关系index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation单断沙关系曲线法index and cross－section aerage sediment concentration relation curve method水位单断沙比关系曲线法stage versus ratio of index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation curve method单断沙比过程线法hydrograph method of index and cross－section average sediment concentration ratio单样过程线法hydrograph method of index sediment concentration真值true value测量值（实测值）measured value最或然值most probable value绝对误差absolute error相对误差relative error插机误差（偶然误差）random error允许误差permissible error伪误差（粗差）spurious方差variance标准差standard deviation相对标准差relative standard deviation离差（偏差）deviation闭合差closure error平差adjustment精密度precision准确度correctness垂线抽样误差（M型误差）measuring vertical sampling error分布式数据库distributed type data base集中式数据库concentrated type data base网络式数据库network type data base层次数据库laminarization data base层次数据模型laminarization data model网状数据模型network data model数据量data bulk结点node水文数据库hydrologic data base水文基本数据库hydrologic basic data base湖泊水文预报hydrologic firecasting of lake 施工水文预报hydrologic forecasting for construction period 潮汐预报tidal prediction旱情预报soil moisture forecasting地下水动态预报groundwater regime forecasting预见期forecast lead time超长期水文预报extended long－term hydrologic forecasting作业预报operational forecasting预报方案forecast scheme评定标准accuracy standard方案合格率qualified ratio of scheme确定性系数deterministic coefficient汛seasonal flood 伏汛summer flood汛期flood season防汛flood defence报汛站flood－reporting station报汛站网flook－reporting network常年水情站perennial hydrologic reporting station汛期水情站hydrologic reporting station inflood season辅助水清站网auxiliary hydrologic reporting network洪水警报flood warning点雨量point rainfall面雨量areal rainfall泰森多边形Thiessen polygon等雨量线法isohyetal method产流runoff yield蓄满产流runoff yield at natural storage超渗产流runoff yield in excess of infiltration 产流面积area of runoff yield地表径流（直接径流）direct runoff地面流（坡面流）surface flow of mire壤中流prompt subsurface flow前期影响雨量antecedent rainfall土壤缺水量soil moisture deficit下渗能力曲线（下渗曲线）infiltration capability curve初损initial losses后损（后渗）continuing losses坡面汇流overland flow concentration河网汇流（河槽汇流）river network flow concentration地下汇流groundwater flow concentration汇流曲线flow concentration curve流域汇流曲线basin flow concentration curve 坡面汇流曲线overland flow concentration curve河网汇流曲线river network flow concentration curve地下汇流曲线groundwater flow concentration curve流域汇流时间basin flow concentration time 洪峰滞时peak time lag流域滞时basin time lag等流滞时isochrone单位线unit hydrograph经验单位线empiricat unit hydrograph综合单位线synthetic unit hydrograph瞬时单位线instantaneous unit hydrograph地貌瞬时单位线geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph 坡地单位线slope unit hydrograph河网单位线river network unit hydrographS－曲线S－curve无因次单位线dimensionless unit hydrograph 退水曲线recession curve水文模型hydrologic model水文物理模型（水文实体模型）hydrophysical model比尺模型scale model比拟模型analogue model水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model 水文概念模型physically－based hydrologic mathematic model水文数学物理模型deterministic hydrologic model确定性水文模型stochastic hydrologic model 分散式模型distributed model集总式模型lumped model线性水温模型linear hydrologic model非线性水文模型nonlinear hydrologic model 时不变水文模型time－invariant hydrologic model时变水文模型time－variant hydrologic model 流域水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model of watershed模型结构model structure模型参数model parameter模型误差model error模型率定model calibration模型检验model verification水文模拟hydrologic simulation遥测终端机telemetry terminal meter中继机relay meter前置通信控制机preset communication controller自报式系统self－reporting system查询－应答式系统polling－answerback system混合式系统mix system时分制遥测系统time－division telemetry system频分制遥测系统frequency－division telemetry system误码率probability of word error接受率receiving probability设计站design station设计流域design watershed代表站representative station参证站bench－mark station典型年（代表年）typicyear水文系列hydrologic series同步系列synchronous series系列代表性series representativeness柱状图histogram诺谟图monogram输沙量计算（固体径流计算）computation of sediment runoff水库回水计算computation of reservoir backwater水库淤积计算computation of reservoir sedimentation水库下游河道冲刷计算computation of degradation below reservoir溃坝洪水计算evaluation of dam break flood 感潮河段水力计算hydraulic calculation for tidal reach样本容量sample size随机变量random variable随机系列random series累计频率（频率）cumulative frequency经验频率empirical frequency水文频率分布曲线（水文频率曲线）hydrologic frequency distribution curve皮尔逊分布Pearson distribution对数正态分布log normal distribution频率分析frequency analysis随机模拟stochastic simulation时间序列time series随机水文分析hydrologic stochastic analysis 趋势项trend term周期项cycle term随机项stochastic term调和分析（谐波分析）harmonic analysis潜分析spectrum analysis回归分析（相关分析）regression analysis 相关系数correlation coefficient自回归分析autoregression analysis逐步回归分析stepwise regression analysis设计供水design flood溢洪道设计洪水spillway design flood分期设计洪水stage design flood施工设计洪水design flood for construction period校核洪水check flood实测洪水observed flood调查洪水investigated flood古洪水paleoflood坝址洪水dam－site flood入库洪水reservoir inflow flood分项调查法item－by－item investigation method降雨径流模型法rainfall－runoff model method蒸发差值法evaporation difference method径流年内分配annual distribution of runoff径流多年变化multiyear variation of runoff丰水期high－water period平水期normal－water period枯水期（枯季）low－flow period丰水年wet year平水年（中水年）normal year枯水年dry year特枯水年extraordinary dry year连续丰水年continuous wet years连续枯水年continuous dry years水文年鉴water year设计雨型design storm pattern暴雨路径storm track暴雨时程分配time distribution of storm暴雨地区分布special distribution of storm暴雨参数等值线storm parametric isoline map 点面换算系数point－area conversion coefficient定点定面关系fixed point－fixed area relationship 可能最大露点probable maximum dew point 暴雨移置改正storm transposition correction 流域形状改正watershed shape correction水汽改正moisture correction入流障碍改正inflow obstacle correction综合改正synthetic correction暴雨幅合分量convergence component of storm地形增强因子topographic increasing factor等百分数法isopercental method可能最大洪水probable maximum flood涝surface water logging渍subsurface waterlogging排涝surface waterlogging control排渍subsurface waterlogging control排涝规划waterlogging control planning排涝标准standard for waterlogging control排涝计算computation of waterlogging control 设计排涝流量design discharge for surface drainage设计排渍流量design drainage discharge of subsurface waterlogging control设计排涝水位design water level for surface drainage水荒water famine水资源评价water resources assessment水资源基础评价water resources basic assessment水量评价water quantity assessment水质评价water quality assessment地表水资源评价surface water resources assessment水资源评价指标indexes of water resources assessment水资源总量total amount of water resources地表水资源量surface water resources amount 地下水资源量groundwater resources amount 可利用量utilizable water地下水可开采量groundwater available yield 可供水量available water supply径流调节runoff regulation综合利用水库调节（多目标水库调节）reservoir regulation for comprehensive utilization水库调洪reservoir flood routing水库供水调节reservoir regulation for water supply水电站径流调节runoff regulation of hydropower regulation水库反调节reregulating reservoir水库群调节multi－reservoir regulation径流调节计算computation of runoff regulation时历法（长系列操作法）chronological series method概率法（数理统计法）probability method随机模拟法stochastic simulation method调节周期regulating period目标函数objective function约束方程constraint equation状态变量state variable决策变量decision variable数学规划mathematic programming线性规划linear programming非线性规划nonlinear programming水库防洪调度flood control scheduling of reservoir水库实时调度real－time reservoir scheduling 水库群调度multi－reservoir scheduling水库预报调度reservoir scheduling based on forecast抽水蓄能pumped storage水沙调度scheduling of water and sediment水环境water environment水环境要素（水环境基质）water environment elements水环境背景值（水环境本底值）water environmental background value水生态系统aquatic ecosystem化学径流chemical runoff环境用水environmental water环境水文学environmental hydrology环境水力学environmental hydraulics环境水化学environmental hydrochemistry地下水超量开采groundwater overdraft人工补给（人工回灌）artificial recharge地下水降落漏斗groundwater depression cone 化学水污染chemical water pollution 无机物水污染water pollution by inorganic substances有机物水污染water pollution by organic substances有毒物质水污染water pollution by toxic substances放射性水污染radioactive water pollution热污染thermal pollution生物水污染water pollution by organism富营养化eutrophication次生水污染secondary water pollution地下水污染groundwater pollution水污染常规分析指标index of routine analysis for water pollution水污染遥感监测remote－sensing monitoring of water pollution 污染物pollutant污染物迁移transport of pollutant机械迁移physical transport物理－化学迁移physicochemical transport人为污染源artificial pollution source天然污染源natural pollution source污染源调查investigation of pollution sources 污染源控制pollution source control水质参数water quality parameters水质模型water quality model水温模型water temperature model水质生物评价biologic assessment of water quality水环境效益water environmental effect水污染环境效应environmental effect of water pollution水环境保护water environmental protection水质规划water quality planning河流水质规划river water quality planning水库水质规划reservoir water quality planning 水污染综合防治规划planning of comprehensive water pollution control水源保护区protection zone of water source蒸发evaporation水位stage流速velocity流量discharge含沙量sediment concentration输沙率sediment discharge水温模型water temperature冰凌ice run水质water quality下垫面underlying surface水文情势hydrologic regime水文效应hydrologic effect水文循环（水循环）hydrologic cycle水量平衡water balance热量平衡heat balance盐量平衡salt balance大气水汽含量atmospheric water vapour content大气水汽输送atmospheric water vapour transport水汽输送通量atmospheric water vapour flux 降雨面积rainfall area降雨分布rainfall distribution暴雨洪水storm flood冰凌洪水（凌讯）ice flood冰雪洪水ice－snow melt flood雨雪混合洪水rain and snowmelt flood山洪flash flood溃坝洪水dam－break flood大气环流atmospheric circulation行星尺度天气系统planetary scale weather system天气尺度天气系统synoptic scale weather system中小尺度天气系统meso and micro－scale weather风暴潮storm surge风暴中心storm center西风槽westerly trough东风波easterly wave低压槽trough高压脊ridge副热带高压subtropic high温带extratropic zone寒带frigid zone季风monsoon梅雨（霉雨）plum rains阵雨showery rain地形雨aerographic rain 热带气旋雨rainfall in tropic cyclone卫星云图satellite cloud picture气压（大气压强）atmospheric pressure海平面气压sea－level pressure湿球温度wet－bulb temperature水汽压vapour pressure饱和水汽压saturation vapour pressure绝对湿度absolute humidity相对湿度relative humidity饱和差saturation deficit流域长度basin length流域平均高程basin elevation mean流域平均宽度basin width mean流域平均坡度basin slope mean流域不对称系数coefficient of basin nonsymmetric流域面积增长率growth ratio of drainage area 流域自然地理特征physiographic characteristics of basin水系（河系）hydrographic net人工河网artificial drainage network河网密度drainage density明渠open channel河源headwaters冲沟gully溪流brook分支fork串沟bifurcation channel外流河exoreic river内陆河endothecia river减河relief channel控制河段control reach顺流河段straight reach弯曲河段bent reach扩散河段expanding reach收缩河段converging reach游荡河段wandering reach感潮河段tidal reach裁弯河段channel cutoff稳定河槽stable channel不稳定河槽（冲淤河槽）unstable channel 主槽main channel单式河槽single channel复式河槽compound channel河道横断面river cross－section河道纵断面river longitudinal profile断面特性cross－section characteristics河床形态channel morphology浅滩thoal急潭cataract河漫滩flood plain江心湖channel island有效水头effective head水头损失head loss沿程水头损失frictional head loss局部水头损失local head loss能面比降energy slope水面比降surface slope摩阻比降friction slope附加比降（加速比降）add slope河道比降（河床比降）channel slope水面横比降transverse slope of water surface 倒比降inverse slope总水头线total head line水面线water surface profile糙率roughness谢才系数Chezy coefficient谢才公式Chezy formula曼宁公式Manning formula输水因数（输水率）conveyance factor水跃hydraulic jump水舌nappe回水曲线（壅水曲线）hackwater curve弗汝德数Froude number悬移质suspended load推移质bed load床沙bed material床沙质bed material load冲泻质wash load河流泥沙运动sediment transport in river泥沙起动incipient motion of sediment起动流速competent velocity造床流址dominant discharge泥沙密度density of sediment高含沙水流flow with hypereoncentration of sediment泥石流debris flow水流挟沙能力sediment transport capacity of flow河床演变fluvial process冲刷scar淤积sedimentation沙量平衡sediment balance泥沙输移sediment transport泥沙输移比sediment delivery ratio浆河现象clogging of river sediment flow揭河底现象tearing of river bed天然水质natural water quality水化学hydrochemistry冰清ice regime结冰河流ice－frozen stream封冻河流freeze－up stream稳定封冻河流stable freeze－up stream非稳定封冻河流unstable freeze－up stream 结冰期ice－frozen period初生冰initial ice冰针ice specula冰凇rime ice圆扁冰pan－cake ice冰花frazil slush岸冰border ice初生岸冰initial border ice固定岸冰fixed border ice冲击岸冰agglomerated border ice再生岸冰regenerative border ice残余岸冰residual border ice雪冰slush ice水内冰underwater ice冰屑shuga冰底边ice base boundary冰礁ice reef冰桥ice bridge流冰花slush ice run冰上流水water flow over ice层冰层水ice cover with intercalated water layers融冰thawing冰层塌陷ice sheet depression冰层浮起floating ice cover冰滑动dislodging of ice cover解冻（开河）break－up文开河tranquil break－up。
水文与水资源专业英语
水文学与水文地质学英文术语河流阶地： river terrace面源： area source线源： line source点源： point source非点源： non-point sourcegroundwater 潜水groundwater artery 地下水干道groundwater barrier 地下水堡坝groundwater basin 地下水盆地groundwater capture 地下水袭夺groundwater cascade 地下水小瀑布groundwater cement 潜水泥groundwater dam 地下水坝groundwater discharge 地下水排泄groundwater divide 地下分水界groundwater flow 地下径流groundwater inventory 地下水总量目录groundwater level 地下水位groundwater mound 地下水土丘groundwater province 地下水区groundwater recession 地下水后退groundwater recession curve 地下水后退曲线groundwater reservoir 地下水储集groundwater runoff 地下径流groundwater simulation 地下模拟groundwater spring 潜水泉groundwater table 地下水位group 群exploitable groundwater 地下水可开采量groundwater depression cone 地下水下降漏斗字段名英文名站码 station code站名 station name站别 station category流域名称 basin name水系名称 hydrometric net code河流名称 river name施测项目码 item code of obervation行政区划码 administration division code水资源分区码 code of water resources regionalization设站年份 year of station establishment设站月份 month of station establishment撤站年份 year of withdrawal of station撤站月份 month of withdrawal of station集水面积 drainage area流入何处 flowing-to至河口距离 distance to river mouth基准基面名称 name of fiducial datum领导机关 leading agency (administration agency)管理单位 administration站址 station location东经 longitude北纬 latitude测站等级 grade of hydrometric station报汛等级 grade of Flood-Reporting Station备注 note站点码 station point code站点名 station point name测流方法 observation method控水目的 purpose of control water project控水工程类型 control water project type控水工程代码 code of control water project控水工程运行规则 operation regulation of control water project 推流参数 parameter of discharge computation引水点名 Location name of pumping排水点名 Location name of surface drainage实际最大灌溉面积 maximum area of practical irrigation上界站站码 station code of upper boundary station至上界站河段长 length of reach to upper bound station下界站站码 code of lower bound station至下界站河段长 length of reach to lower bound station高差基数 base of difference in elevation流域水系码 codes of hydrographic net of a basin调查资料来源单位 office recording investigation data区码 code of zone区名 zone name区类 zone type水体总容量 total capacity of water bodies灌溉水田面积 area of rice paddy irrigated灌溉面积 irrigation area城市人口 urban population工业总产值 gross industrial output value水库和水闸控制面积 drainage area of reservoir or weir or sluice 调查面积 investigation area量算地图比例尺 scale of measured map连通试验可靠等级 reliability rank of connectivity pair test旁证资料可靠等级 reliability level of data witness面积成果合理性等级 reliability rank of area data直接上级区名 zone name of prime at first调查报告编号 investigation report number地理包含关系 geography contain relation站点类别 station point category年 year相关站码 correlative station code关系标识 relationship ID关系说明 relationship illustration主断面迁移号 migration numbers of main cross section断面名称 cross section name断面位置 location of cross section变动年份 changed Year变动月份 changed month变动日 changed day同系列标志 series marker变动情况 changed conditions水尺名称 gage name水尺型式 gage type水尺质料 material of gage自记台类型 type of stage recorder水尺位置 location of gage使用情况 use condition河段情况 river reach circumstance图类型 graph type图标题 graph title图 graphMIME类型 MIME type水准点编号 benchmark number水准点类型 benchmark type变动日期 date of Setup or change采用基面名称 adoption datum name冻结或测站基面以上高程 elevation above stationary datum绝对或假定基面以上高程 elevation above absolute or arbitrary datum 绝对基面名称 name of absolute or arbitrary datum水准点型式 benchmark style水准点位置 benchmark location引据水准点编号 number of benchmark from which elevation is measured 变动原因 cause of change工程名称 engineering name工程名称代码 engineering name code开始蓄水年份 begin storing water year开始蓄水月份 begining month of storing water校核洪水位 check flood stage校核库容 check storage capacity of reservoir设计洪水位 design flood stage设计库容 reservoir capacity corresponding to DSFLZ正常高水位 normal high water level正常库容 Normal reservoir storage死水位 dead pool level死库容 dead reservoir capacity溢洪道号 spillway number竣工年份 completion year竣工月份 completion month溢洪道长度 spillway length溢洪道堰顶高程 elevation of spillway crest溢洪道堰顶宽 width of spillway crest溢洪道设计最大流量 maximum designed discharge of spillway闸组号 gate group number孔型 type of sluice or hole孔数 count of sluice or hole孔高 sluice or hole height孔宽 sluice or hole width设计最大流量 maximum designed discharge of sluice or tunnel 翼墙型式 wing wall type墩头型式 type of pier head of sluice or tunnel堰顶闸底形状 shape of weir crest or sluice bed设计灌溉面积 design irrigated area due to sluice or tunnel工程地址 location of engineering控制面积 control area总库容 total reservoir capacity最大实灌面积 actually irrigated area due to sluice or tunnel 最大实引排水量 maximum volume of actual diversion or drainage 仪器口径 mouth diameter of rain gauge仪器精度 precision of rain gauge记录模式 recording mode获值模式 sensing mode绝对高程 elevation above absolute datum器口离地面高度 instrument height above ground非汛期观测段制 observation regime in nonflood season汛期观测段制 observation regime in flood season蒸发场位置特征 character of location of evaporation-gauging 仪器型式 type of instrument(equipment)附近地势 nearby topography四周障碍物 obstacles around station起时间 beginning time止时间 end time时间 time起始日期 beginning date旬起始日期 beginning date of a period of ten days月 month日期 date降水量 precipitation降水量注解码 remark code of precipitation降水日数 number of precipitation days降水日数注解码 remark code of number of precipitation days最大降水量 maximum precipitation最大降水量时段长 maximum precipitation duration最大日降水量 maximum daily precipitation最大日降水量注解码 remark code of maximum daily precipitation最大日降水量出现日期 occurring date of maximum daily precipitation终霜日期 date of frost disappearance初霜日期 date of frost appearance终雪日期 date of snow disappearance初雪日期 date of snow appearance终冰日期 date of ice disappearance初冰日期 date of ice appearance蒸发器型式 type of evaporation equipment水面蒸发量 surface evaporation水面蒸发量注解码 remark code of evaporation最大日水面蒸发量 maximum daily evaporation最大日水面蒸发量注解码 remark code of maximum daily evaporation最大日水面蒸发量出现日期 occurring date of maximum daily evaporation最小日水面蒸发量 minimum daily surface evaporation最小日水面蒸发量注解码 remark code of minimum daily surface evaporation最小日水面蒸发量出现日期 occurring date of minimum daily surface evaporation 观测高度 observation height气温 air temperature气温注解码 remark code air temperature平均气温 average air temperature平均气温注解码 remark code of average air temperature最高气温 maximum air temperature最高气温注解码 remark code of maximum air temperature最高气温日期 date of maximum air temperature最低气温 minimum air temperature最低气温注解码 remark code of minimum air temperature最低气温日期 date of minimum air temperature水汽压 vapour pressure水汽压注解码 remark code of vapour pressure平均水汽压 average vapor pressure平均水汽压注解码 remark code of average vapor pressure水汽压力差 difference of vapour pressure水汽压力差注解码 remark code of difference of vapour pressure平均水汽压力差 average vapor pressure difference平均水汽压力差注解码 remark code of average vapor pressure difference 风速 wind velocity风速注解码 remark code of wind velocity平均风速 average wind velocity平均风速注解码 remark code of average wind velocity闸上水位 stage in Sluice Upstream闸上水位注解码 remark code of upsluice stage闸下水位 down sluice stage闸下水位注解码 remark code of downsluice stage坝上水位 stage behind dam坝上水位注解码 remark code of the stage behind dam水位 stage水位注解码 remark code of stage平均水位 average stage平均水位注解码 remark code of average stage最高水位 maximum stage最高水位注解码 remark code of maximum stage最高水位日期 occurring date of maximum stage最低水位 minimum stage最低水位注解码 remark code of date of minimum stage最低水位日期 date of minimum stage保证率 reliability of stage保证率水位 reliability stage保证率水位注解码 remark code of reliability stage流量 discharge平均流量 average discharge平均流量注解码 remark code of average discharge最大流量 maximum discharge最大流量注解码 remark code of maximum discharge最大流量日期 date of maximum discharge最小流量 minimum discharge最小流量注解码 remark code of minimum discharge最小流量日期 date of minimum discharge蓄水量 Reservoir Storage径流量 runoff径流量注解码 remark code of runoff径流模数 runoff modulus径流深 runoff in depth最大洪量时段长 duration of maximum flood volume最大洪量 maximum flood volume泥沙类型 sediment type含沙量 sediment concentration平均含沙量 average sediment concentration平均含沙量注解码 remark code of average sediment concentration最大含沙量 maximum sediment concentration最大含沙量注解码 remark code of maximum sediment concentration最大含沙量日期 date of maximum sediment concentration最小含沙量 minimum sediment concentration最小含沙量注解码 remark code of minimum sediment concentration最小含沙量日期 date of minimum sediment concentration平均输沙率 average sediment discharge平均输沙率注解码 remark code of average sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率 maximum average of daily sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率注解码 remark code of maximum average of daily sediment discharge 最大日平均输沙率出现日期 occurring date of maximum average of daily sediment discharge输沙量 sediment runoff输沙量注解码 remark code of sediment runoff输沙模数 sediment runoff modulus采样仪器型号 model number of sampling instrument采样效率系数 efficiency coefficient of sampling上限粒径 upper limit particle size平均沙重百分数 average percent of sediment weight中数粒径 median particle diameter平均粒径 average particle diameter最大粒径 maximum particle diameter水温 water temperature水温注解码 remark code of water temperature平均水温 average water temperature平均水温注解码 remark code of average water temperature最高水温 maximum water temperature最高水温注解码 remark code of maximum water temperature最高水温日期 occurring date of maximum water temperature最低水温 minimum water temperature最低水温注解码 remark code of minimum water temperature最低水温日期 date of minimum water temperature冰情注解码 remark code of ice condition河心冰厚 ice thickness at river center岸边冰厚 Thickness of Border Ice冰上雪深 snow depth on ice岸上气温 air temperature on bank解冻日期 date of ice break up封冻日期 ice freeze up date上半年封冻天数 number of actual freeze up days in first half of year下半年封冻天数 number of actual freeze up days in second half of year终止流冰日期 end date of ice run开始流冰日期 beginning date of ice run河心最大冰厚 maximum ice thickness at river center河心最大冰厚出现日期 occurring date of the maximum ice thickness at river center 岸边最大冰厚 Maximum thickness of border Ice岸边最大冰厚出现日期 occurring date of maximum thickness of border ice最大流冰块长度 maximum length of ice floe最大流冰块宽度 maximum width of ice floe最大流冰块冰速 maximum velocity of ice floe断面平均冰速 average ice flow velocity at cross section最大冰上雪深 maximum snow depth on ice最大冰上雪深出现日期 occurring date of maximum snow depth on ice春季最大冰流量 maximum ice discharge in spring春季最大冰流量注解码 remark code of maximum ice discharge in spring春季最大冰流量日期 occurring date of ice discharge in spring冬季最大冰流量 maximum ice discharge in winter冬季最大冰流量注解码 remark code of occurring data of maximum ice discharge in winter 冬季最大冰流量日期 occurring data of maximum ice discharge in winter春季总冰流量 gross ice discharge in spring春季总冰流量注解码 remark code of gross ice discharge in spring冬季总冰流量 gross ice discharge in winter冬季总冰流量注解码 remark code of ice discharge in winter年总冰流量 yearly total ice discharge年总冰流量注解码 remark code yearly total ice discharge平均冰流量 average ice discharge平均冰流量注解码 remark code of average ice discharge总冰流量 total of ice discharge总冰流量注解码 remark code of total of ice discharge最大冰流量 maximum ice discharge最大冰流量注解码 remark code of maximum ice discharge最大冰流量日期 date of maximum ice discharge潮别 tidal type潮位 tidal level潮位注解码 remark code of tidal level潮差 tidal range历时 duration潮流量 tidal discharge潮量 tidal volume潮输沙率 tidal sediment discharge潮输沙量 tidal sediment runoff平均高潮潮位 average high tidal level平均高潮潮位注解码 remark of average high tidal level stage最高高潮位 Maximum high tidal stage最高高潮位注解码 remark code of Maximum high tidal stage最高高潮位出现时间 occurring time of Maximum high tidal stage最低高潮位 minimum high tidal stage最低高潮位注解码 remark code of minimum high water level最低高潮位出现时间 occurring time of minimum high tidal stage平均低潮潮位 average low tidal level平均低潮潮位注解码 remark of average low tidal level最高低潮位 maximum low tidal stage最高低潮位注解码 remark code of maxiumm low tidal stage最高低潮位出现时间 occurring time of maximum low tidal stage最低低潮位 minimum low tidal stage最低低潮位注解码 remark code of minimum low tidal stage最低低潮位出现时间 occurring time of minimum low tidal stage平均涨潮潮差 average of flood tide range平均涨潮潮差注解码 remark code of average of flood tide range最大涨潮潮差 maximum flood tidal range最大涨潮潮差注解码 remark code of maximum flood tidal range最大涨潮潮差(高潮)时间 time of maximum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差 minimum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差注解码 remark code of minimum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差(高潮)时间 high tidal time of minimum flood tidal range平均落潮潮差 average ebb tide range平均落潮潮差注解码 remark code of average of ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差 maximum ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差注解码 remark code of maximum ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差(高潮)时间 high water occurring time of maximum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差 minimum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差注解码 remark code of minimum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差(高潮)时间 high water occurring time of minimum ebb tidal range平均涨潮历时 average flood tidal duration平均涨潮历时注解码 remark code of average of flood tidal range最长涨潮历时 maximum flood tidal duration最长涨潮历时注解码 remark code of maximum flood tide duration最长涨潮历时(高潮)时间 high water occurring time of maximum flood tidal duration 最短涨潮历时 minimum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时注解码 remark code of minimum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时(高潮)时间 high tidal time of minimum flood tidal duration平均落潮历时 mean ebb tide duration平均落潮历时注解码 remark code of mean ebb tide duration最长落潮历时 maximum ebb tidal duration最长落潮历时注解码 remark code of maximum ebb tidal duration最长落潮历时(高潮)时间 high water occurring time of maximum ebb tidal duration 最短落潮历时 minimum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时注解码 remark code of minimum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时(高潮)时间 high tidal time of Minimum ebb tidal duration逐时平均潮位 hourly average tidal stage逐时平均潮位注解码 remark code of hourly average tidal stage平均潮差 average tide range平均潮差注解码 remark code of yearly average tide range平均历时 average tidal duration平均历时注解码 remark code of average tidal duration施测日期 beginning date of measurement测次号 observation number垂线号 numbers of typical verticals起点距 distance from initial point河底高程 river bed elevation河底高程注解码 remark code of river bed elevation测时水位 stage during observation测时水位注解码 remark code of stage during observation垂线方位 vertical azimuth断面名称及位置 cross section name and location测次说明 note引用施测日期 date of quoted observation引用测次号 number of quoted observation引用起始起点距 beginning distance from initial point引用终止起点距 end distance from initial point岸别符号 bank symbol痕迹类型 trace type日 day时 hour分 minute点编号 point code点详细位置 point detailed location点东经 point east longitude点北纬 point north latitude点高程 point elevation点参数 point parameter指认人及印象 witness man's impression目击和旁证可靠等级 reliability rank of witness痕迹和标志物可靠等级 reliability level of trace or flag估计误差范围 estimation error range调查日期 investigation date起始年 beginning year起始月 beginning month起始日 beginning day起始时 beginning hour起始分 beginning minute终止年 end year终止月 end month终止日 end day终止时 end hour终止分 end minute雨情描述 description of rainfall information重现期 Recurrence Interval重现期统计截止年 cut-off year of statistics of recurrence interval目击和水痕可靠等级 reliability rank of witness or trace承雨器障碍物可靠等级 reliability level of rain collector barrier before rainfall 承雨器雨前可靠等级 reliability level of rain collector before rainfall承雨器漫溢渗漏可靠等级 reliability level of loss quantity of rain collector seepage or overflow水位可靠等级 reliability level of stage推算流量方法 method of discharge computation水流边界 flow boundary推算流量资料可靠等级 reliability level of data used in discharge computation推算流量方法可靠等级 reliability level of method of discharge computation推算流量成果合理性等级 reliability level of discharge computation次水量 water volume of one flood水情描述 description of hydrological information流量施测号数 number of discharge observation测流起时间 beginning time of flow measurment测流止时间 end time of flow measurement测流方法 Method of flow measurement基本水尺水位 base gage stage流量注解码 remark code of discharge断面总面积 total of cross section area断面过水面积 wetted cross-section area断面面积注解码 remark code of cross section area断面平均流速 average flow velocity at a cross-section断面最大流速 maximum flow velocity at a cross-section水面宽 top width断面平均水深 Average water depth at cross section断面最大水深 maximum water depth水浸冰冰底宽 ice bottom width水浸冰冰底平均水深 ice bottom average depth水浸冰冰底最大水深 ice bottom maximum depth水面比降 surface slope糙率 roughness时段类别 category of interval水量类别 category of water quantity水量 water quantity水量测算方法 estimation method of water quantity年实测水量占比 percent of observation water-quantity in total水量计算方法可靠等级 reliability level of estimation method of water quantity 水量成果合理性等级 fitness rank of water quantity data起时间闸(坝)上水位 upstream stage of beginning time起时间闸(坝)上水位注解码 remark code of upstream stage at beginning time起时间闸(坝)下水位 downstream stage at beginning time起时间闸(坝)下水位注解码 remark code of downstream stage of beginning time最大流量出现时间 Occurring Time of Maxmum Discharge实测蓄水变量 observed water storage调查蓄水变量 investigation storage实测灌溉还原水量 observed restoring water quantity in irrigation调查灌溉还原水量 restoring water quantity of investigation in irrigation水平梯田拦蓄地面径流量 surface water runoff catched by level terraced field工业生活还原水量 restoring water quantity of industrial water or domestic water 实测工业生活还原水量 observed water quantity of industrial water or domestic water 区内除涝排水量 water quantity of waterlogging control in zone实测区内除涝排水量 observed water quantity of waterlogging control in zone跨流域引水量 water quantity of interbasin transfer实测跨流域引水量 observed water quantity of interbasin transfer跨区回归水量 return flow in cross zone实测跨区回归水量 observed return flow in cross zone跨区回归水量测算方法 estimation method of return flow in cross zone跨区溃坝水量 water quantity of cross zone dam-break实测跨区溃坝水量 observed water quantity of cross zone dam-break跨区溃坝水量测算方法 estimation method of water quantity of cross zone dam-break 溃坝还原水量 restoring water quantity in dam-break跨区分洪水量 water quantity of cross zone flood diversion实测跨区分洪水量 observed water quantity of cross zone flood diversion跨区分洪水量测算方法 estimation method of water quantity of cross zone flood diversion分洪还原水量 restoring water quantity of flood diversion跨区决口水量 water quantity of cross zone branching实测跨区决口水量 observed water quantity of cross zone branching跨区决口水量测算方法 estimation method of water quantity of cross zone branching 决口还原水量 restoring water quantity of bursting暗河交换水量 exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量估算方法method of estimating exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量参证站相似程度 similar level of bench-mark station of exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量平衡程度 balance level of exchange water between underground rivers 跨区渗漏水量 water quantity of cross zone seepage浅层地下水还原水量 restoring water quantity of shallow groundwater实测浅层地下水还原水量 observed restoring water quantity of shallow underground water浅层地下水还原水量测算方法 estimation method of restoring water quantity of shallow groundwater深层地下水还原水量 restoring water quantity of deep-layer groundwater实测深层地下水还原水量 observed restoring water quantity of deep layer underground water深层地下水还原水量测算方法 restoring water quantity of deep-layer groundwater泉水出露量 capacity of spring总进水量 total inflow runoff总出水量 total outflow runoff降水总量 precipitation蒸散发总量 total evapotranspiration蓄水水面蒸发增损水量 water quantity extracted by evaporation on water surface出口水体起时间水位 stage of overflow water body at beginning time出口水体起时间蓄水量 storage of overflow water body at beginning time输沙率施测号数 number of sediment discharge observation测沙起时间 beginning time of sediment concentration measurement测沙止时间 end time of sediment concentration measurement测沙断面位置 location of cross section for sediment concentration measurement取样方法 sampling method断面平均含沙量 average sediment concentration at cross-section断面平均含沙量注解码 remark code of average sediment concentration at cross section 单样含沙量 index sediment concentration单样含沙量测验方法 observational method of index sediment concentration悬移质输沙率 suspended sediment discharge悬移质输沙率注解码 remark code of suspended sediment discharge推移质输沙率 bed load sediment discharge推移质输沙率注解码 remark code of bed load sediment discharge单样推移质输沙率 index bed load sediment discharge推移质平均底速 average velocity of bed load推移带宽度 width of bed load sediment discharge断面平均单宽输沙率 average sediment discharge in unit width at cross section垂线最大输沙率 maximum vertical sediment discharge垂线最大输沙率相应起点距 distance of maximum vertical sediment discharge from initial point单断沙码 code of index or cross sectional sediment起始施测号 begin observation number终止施测号 end observation number取样起时间 beginning time of sampling取样止时间 end time of sampling沙重百分数 sediment weight percent最大颗粒重量 sediment maximum particle weight最大颗粒起点距 distance from initial point where measuring the maximum particle 平均沉速 mean settling velocity施测水温 water temperature at measurement粒径分析方法 analysis method of particle side注解码 remark code沙量类别 category of silt-quantity沙量 silt-quantity沙量测算方法 estimation method of silt-quantity年实测沙量占比 percent of observation silt-quantity in total沙量测算方法可靠等级 reliability level of estimation method of silt-quantity沙量成果合理性等级 reliability level of silt-quantity data水量资料可靠等级 reliability level of water quantity source冲淤量 sediment quantity of scour-silt实测冲淤量 observed sediment quantity of scour-silt灌溉挟沙量 silt-quantity taked through irrigation实测灌溉挟沙量 observed sediment discharge of irrigation工业生活挟沙量 sediment discharge of industrial water or domestic water实测工业生活挟沙量 observed sediment discharge of industrial water or domestic water 跨流域引水挟沙量 silt-quantity taked through interbasin transfer实测跨流域引水挟沙量 observed sediment quantity taked by interbasin transfer溃坝冲淤量 sediment quantity of scour-silt in dam-break实测溃坝冲淤量 observed silt-quantity of scour-silt in dam-break分洪冲淤量 sediment quantity of scour-silt in flood diversion实测分洪冲淤量 observed silt-quantity of scour or sedimentation in flood diversion 决口冲淤量 degradation or sedimentation in bursting实测决口冲淤量 observed sediment quantity of scour-silt in branching总进沙量 total inflow silt-quantity总出沙量 total outflow silt-quantity测次起时间 beginning time of observation测次止时间 end time of observation测验断面位置 location of cross section冰流量 ice discharge冰流量注解码 remark code of ice discharge断面平均疏密度 average ice compaction at cross section断面平均冰厚或冰花厚 average depth of ice or frazil slush at cross section敞露水面宽 open water width断面平均冰花密度 density of frazil slush at cross section冰花折算系数 adjustment factor of frazil slush测流断面位置 location of cross section代表垂线平均流速 average velocity on typical vertical潮流量注解码 remark code of tidal discharge代表垂线号 number of typical velocity vertical代表垂线流速 velocity of typical vertical潮流期编号 number of duration of tidal current潮流期起时间 beginning time of duration of tidal current潮流期止时间 end time of duration of tidal current测流前低潮潮位 low tidal level before flow measurement测流前低潮潮位出现时间 Occuring time of the low tidal level before flow measurement 高潮潮位 high tidal level高潮潮位出现时间 occurring time of high tidal level低潮潮位 low tidal level低潮潮位出现时间 occurring time of low tidal level开始落憩潮位 tidal level at beginning of ebb slack tide涨潮憩流潮位 flood slack tidal stage涨潮憩流潮位出现时间 occurring time of flood slack tide终止落憩潮位 tidal stage at end of ebb slack tide涨潮潮差 flood tidal range涨潮最大流速 maximum velocity of flood tide涨潮潮量 flood tidal volume涨潮潮量注解码 remark code of flood tidal volume涨潮潮流历时 flood tidal current duration涨潮平均流量 average discharge of flood tide涨潮平均流量注解码 remark code of average discharge of flood tide落潮潮差 ebb tide range落潮最大流速 maximum velocity of ebb tide落潮潮量 ebb tidal volume落潮潮量注解码 remark code of ebb tidal volume落潮潮流历时 ebb tidal current duration落潮平均流量 average discharge of ebb tide落潮平均流量注解码 remark code of average discharge of ebb tide净泄量 net outflow volume开闸时间 opening gate time关闸时间 closing gate time开闸前稳定水位 stable stage before sluicing闸上最高水位 Maximum stage in Sluice Upstream闸上最低水位 Minimum stage in Sluice Upstream闸下水位 Stage in Sluice Downstream水位差 stage difference有效潮差 effective tidal range一潮总水量 total water volume of single tide一潮总水量注解码 remark code of total water volume of single tide一潮历时 duration of single tide一潮平均流量 average discharge of single tide一潮平均流量注解码 remark code of average discharge of single tide一潮最大流量 maximum discharge of single tide一潮最大流量注解码 remark code of maximum discharge of single tide自变量名 name of independent variable自变量值 value of independent variable调查报告标题 investigation report title调查项目 investigation item调查年份 investigation year编写年份 redaction year调查单位 investigation office主编单位 Chief editorial unit调查报告内容 investigation report contents调查报告格式 investigation report format表标识 table ID时间残缺记录编号 number of time deformity record字段标识 field identifier取值 value率定次序号 serial number of rating闸上水头 head in Sluice Upstream闸下水头 Head in Sluice Downstream闸门开启平均高度 operation height of gate opening闸门开启平均高度注解码 remark code of operation height of gate opening 闸门开启孔数 count of operation gate opening闸门开启总宽 total width of gate-openings平均堰宽 average width of weir闸孔过水面积 area of wetted cross section of gate openings实测流量 observed discharge实测流量注解码 remark code of observed discharge流态 flow regime流量计算公式编号 formula number of discharge calculation流量系数 discharge coefficient流量系数注解码 remark code of discharge coefficient水闸型式 weir and sluice type翼墙形式 wing wall type平均引水角 average driving angle闸上河宽 upsluice river width闸下河宽 river width in sluice downstream闸门型式 weir gate type闸底高程 elevation of sluice bottom堰顶高程 elevation of weir crest堰顶形状 shape of weir crest总孔数 total number of gate openings单孔宽 single gate opening width of weir gate单孔宽注解码 remark code of gate opening width of weir gate平均孔宽 average of gate opening width总孔宽 total width of gate opening闸门高度 gate height平均开度 average gate opening height闸墩厚 thickness of pier机组号 group number of machines站上水位 upstation stage站下水位 downstation stage站上水头 upstation head开机功率 electric power generated or consumed开机台数 count of machines in operation开机叶片角度 vane angle of machines in operation叶轮直径 impeller diameter实际转速 practical speed of revolution出水阀过水面积 wetted area of outlet valve效率计算公式编号 formula number of efficiency calculation效率值 efficiency value效率值注解码 remark code of efficiency value机型 machine type装机台数 count of machine出水管路断面面积 wetted area of pipe line cross section标定转速 rated speed of revolution单机额定功率 single rated power单机设计流量 single design discharge设计扬程 design lift驼峰底高 hump bottom elevation起排水位 begining pumping stage关系线类别 relation curve category线号 curve number因变量名 dependent variable定线数据起时间 beginning time of the data for determining a relation curve 定线数据止时间 end time of routing location data定线数据下限自变量值 routing location lower limit independent variable定线数据上限自变量值 routing location upper limit independent variable线参数表达式 curve parameter expression关系图名 chart name适用期起时间 beginning time of application适用期止时间 end time of application定线点据总数 amount of points for determining a relation curve定线方法 method of determining a relation curve系统误差 systematic error。
水文学与水文地质学英文术语
水文学与水文地质学英文术语河流阶地：river terrace面源：area source线源：line source点源：point source非点源：non-point source groundwater潜水groundwater artery地下水干道groundwater barrier地下水堡坝groundwater basin地下水盆地groundwater capture地下水袭夺groundwater cascade地下水小瀑布groundwater cement潜水泥groundwater dam地下水坝groundwater discharge地下水排泄groundwater divide地下分水界groundwater flow地下径流groundwater inventory地下水总量目录groundwater level地下水位groundwater mound地下水土丘groundwater province地下水区groundwater recession地下水后退groundwater recession curve地下水后退曲线groundwater reservoir地下水储集groundwater runoff地下径流groundwater simulation地下模拟groundwater spring潜水泉groundwater table地下水位group群exploitable groundwater地下水可开采量groundwater depression cone地下水下降漏斗字段名英文名站码station code站名station name站别station category流域名称basin name水系名称hydrometric net code河流名称river name施测项目码item code of obervation行政区划码administration division code水资源分区码code of water resources regionalization 设站年份year of station establishment设站月份month of station establishment撤站年份year of withdrawal of station撤站月份month of withdrawal of station集水面积drainage area流入何处flowing-to至河口距离distance to river mouth基准基面名称name of fiducial datum领导机关leading agency(administration agency)管理单位administration站址station location东经longitude北纬latitude测站等级grade of hydrometric station报汛等级grade of Flood-Reporting Station备注note站点码station point code站点名station point name测流方法observation method控水目的purpose of control water project控水工程类型control water project type控水工程代码code of control water project控水工程运行规则operation regulation of control water project 推流参数parameter of discharge computation引水点名Location name of pumping排水点名Location name of surface drainage实际最大灌溉面积maximum area of practical irrigation上界站站码station code of upper boundary station至上界站河段长length of reach to upper bound station下界站站码code of lower bound station至下界站河段长length of reach to lower bound station高差基数base of difference in elevation流域水系码codes of hydrographic net of abasin调查资料来源单位office recording investigation data区码code of zone区名zone name区类zone type水体总容量total capacity of water bodies灌溉水田面积area of rice paddy irrigated灌溉面积irrigation area城市人口urban population工业总产值gross industrial output value水库和水闸控制面积drainage area of reservoir or weir or sluice 调查面积investigation area量算地图比例尺scale of measured map连通试验可靠等级reliability rank of connectivity pair test旁证资料可靠等级reliability level of data witness面积成果合理性等级reliability rank of area data直接上级区名zone name of prime at first调查报告编号investigation report number地理包含关系geography contain relation站点类别station point category年year相关站码correlative station code关系标识relationship ID关系说明relationship illustration主断面迁移号migration numbers of main cross section 断面名称cross section name断面位置location of cross section变动年份changed Year变动月份changed month变动日changed day同系列标志series marker变动情况changed conditions水尺名称gage name水尺型式gage type水尺质料material of gage自记台类型type of stage recorder水尺位置location of gage使用情况use condition河段情况river reach circumsta nce图类型graph type图标题graph title图graph MIME类型MIME type水准点编号benchmark number水准点类型benchmark type变动日期date of Setup or change采用基面名称adoption datum name冻结或测站基面以上高程elevation above stationary datum绝对或假定基面以上高程elevation above absolute or arbitrary datum 绝对基面名称name of absolute or arbitrary datum水准点型式benchmark style水准点位置benchmark location引据水准点编号number of benchmark from which elevation is measured 变动原因cause of change工程名称engineering name工程名称代码engineering name code开始蓄水年份begin storing water year开始蓄水月份begining month of storing water校核洪水位check flood stage校核库容check storage capacity of reservoir设计洪水位design flood stage设计库容reservoir capacity corresponding to DSFLZ正常高水位normal high water level正常库容Normal reservoir storage死水位dead pool level死库容dead reservoir capacity溢洪道号spillway number竣工年份completion year竣工月份completion month溢洪道长度spillway length溢洪道堰顶高程elevation of spillway crest溢洪道堰顶宽width of spillway crest溢洪道设计最大流量maximum designed discharge of spillway 闸组号gate group number孔型type of sluice or hole孔数count of sluice or hole孔高sluice or hole height孔宽sluice or hole width设计最大流量maximum designed discharge of sluice or tunnel 翼墙型式wing wall type墩头型式type of pier head of sluice or tunnel堰顶闸底形状shape of weir crest or sluice bed设计灌溉面积design irrigated area due to sluice or tunnel工程地址location of engineering控制面积control area总库容total reservoir capacity最大实灌面积actually irrigated area due to sluice or tunnel 最大实引排水量maximum volume of actual diversion or drainage 仪器口径mouth diameter of rain gauge仪器精度precision of rain gauge记录模式recording mode获值模式sensing mode绝对高程elevation above absolute datum器口离地面高度instrument height above ground非汛期观测段制observation regime in nonflood season汛期观测段制observation regime in flood season蒸发场位置特征character of location of evaporation-gauging 仪器型式type of instrument(equipment)附近地势nearby topography四周障碍物obstacles around station起时间beginning time止时间end time时间time起始日期beginning date旬起始日期beginning date of aperiod of ten days月month日期dat e降水量precipitation降水量注解码remark code of precipitation降水日数number of precipitation days降水日数注解码remark code of number of precipitation days最大降水量maximum precipitation最大降水量时段长maximum precipitation duration最大日降水量maximum daily precipitation最大日降水量注解码remark code of maximum daily precipitation最大日降水量出现日期occurring date of maximum daily precipitation 终霜日期date of frost disappearance初霜日期date of frost appearance终雪日期date of snow disappearance初雪日期date of snow appearance终冰日期date of ice disappearance初冰日期date of ice appearance蒸发器型式type of evaporation equipment水面蒸发量surface evaporation水面蒸发量注解码remark code of evaporation最大日水面蒸发量maximum daily evaporation最大日水面蒸发量注解码remark code of maximum daily evaporation最大日水面蒸发量出现日期occurring date of maximum daily evaporation最小日水面蒸发量minimum daily surface evaporation最小日水面蒸发量注解码remark code of minimum daily surface evaporation最小日水面蒸发量出现日期occurring date of minimum daily surface evaporation观测高度observation height气温air temperature气温注解码remark code air temperat ure平均气温average air temperature平均气温注解码remark code of average air temperature最高气温maximum air temperature最高气温注解码remark code of maximum air temperature最高气温日期date of maximum air temperature最低气温minimum air temperature最低气温注解码remark code of minimum air temperature最低气温日期date of minimum air temperature水汽压vapour pressure水汽压注解码remark code of vapour pressure平均水汽压average vapor pressure平均水汽压注解码remark code of average vapor pressure水汽压力差difference of vapour pressure水汽压力差注解码remark code of difference of vapour pressure平均水汽压力差average vapor pressure difference平均水汽压力差注解码remark code of average vapor pressure difference 风速wind velocity风速注解码remark code of wind velocity平均风速average wind velocity平均风速注解码remark code of average wind velocity闸上水位stage in Sluice Upstream闸上水位注解码remark code of upsluice stage闸下水位down sluice stage闸下水位注解码remark code of downsluice stage坝上水位stage behind dam坝上水位注解码remark code of the stage behind dam水位stage水位注解码remark code of stage平均水位average stage平均水位注解码rema rk code of average stage最高水位maximum stage最高水位注解码remark code of maximum stage最高水位日期occurring date of maximum stage最低水位minimum stage最低水位注解码remark code of date of minimum stage最低水位日期date of minimum stage保证率reliability of stage保证率水位reliability stage保证率水位注解码remark code of reliability stage 流量discharge平均流量average discharge平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge 最大流量maximum discharge最大流量注解码remark code of maximum discharge 最大流量日期date of maximum discharge最小流量minimum discharge最小流量注解码remark code of minimum discharge 最小流量日期date of minimum discharge蓄水量Reservoir Storage径流量runoff径流量注解码remark code of runoff径流模数runoff modulus径流深runoff in depth最大洪量时段长duration of maximum flood volume 最大洪量maximum flood volume泥沙类型sediment type含沙量sediment concentration平均含沙量average sediment concentration平均含沙量注解码remark code of average sediment concentration最大含沙量maximum sediment concentration最大含沙量注解码remark code of maximum sediment concentration最大含沙量日期date of maximum sediment concentration最小含沙量minimum sediment concentration最小含沙量注解码remark code of minimum sediment concentration最小含沙量日期date of minimum sediment concentration平均输沙率average sediment discharge平均输沙率注解码remark code of average sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率maximum average of daily sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率注解码remark code of maximum average of daily sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率出现日期occurring date of maximum average of daily sediment discharge输沙量sediment runoff输沙量注解码remark code of sediment runoff输沙模数sediment runoff modulus采样仪器型号model number of sampling instrument采样效率系数efficiency coefficient of sampling上限粒径upper limit particle size平均沙重百分数average percent of sediment weight中数粒径median particle diameter平均粒径average particle diameter最大粒径maximum particle diameter水温water temperature水温注解码remark code of water temperature平均水温average water temperature平均水温注解码remark code of average water temperature最高水温maximum water temperature最高水温注解码remark code of maximum water temperature最高水温日期occurring date of maximum water temperat ure最低水温minimum water temperature最低水温注解码remark code of minimum water temperature最低水温日期date of minimum water temperature冰情注解码remark code of ice condition河心冰厚ice thickness at river center岸边冰厚Thickness of Border Ice冰上雪深snow depth on ice岸上气温air temperature on bank解冻日期date of ice break up封冻日期ice freeze up date上半年封冻天数number of actual freeze up days in first half of year 下半年封冻天数number of actual freeze up days in second half of year 终止流冰日期end date of ice run开始流冰日期beginning date of ice run河心最大冰厚maximum ice thickness at river center河心最大冰厚出现日期occurring date of the maximum ice thickness at river center岸边最大冰厚Maximum thickness of border Ice岸边最大冰厚出现日期occurring date of maximum thickness of border ice最大流冰块长度maximum length of ice floe最大流冰块宽度maximum width of ice floe最大流冰块冰速maximum velocity of ice floe断面平均冰速average ice flow velocity at cross section最大冰上雪深maximum snow depth on ice最大冰上雪深出现日期occurring date of maximum snow depth on ice春季最大冰流量maximum ice discharge in spring春季最大冰流量注解码re mark code of maximum ice discharge in spring春季最大冰流量日期occurring date of ice discharge in spring冬季最大冰流量maximum ice discharge in winter冬季最大冰流量注解码remark code of occurring data of maximum ice discharge in winter冬季最大冰流量日期occurring data of maximum ice discharge in winter春季总冰流量gross ice discharge in spring春季总冰流量注解码remark code of gross ice discharge in spring冬季总冰流量gross ice discharge in winter冬季总冰流量注解码remark code of ice discharge in winter年总冰流量yearly total ice discharge年总冰流量注解码remark code yearly total ice discharge平均冰流量average ice discharge平均冰流量注解码remark code of average ice discharge总冰流量total of ice discharge总冰流量注解码remark code of total of ice discharge最大冰流量maximum ice discharge最大冰流量注解码remark code of maximum ice discharge最大冰流量日期date of maximum ice discharge潮别tidal type潮位tidal level潮位注解码remark code of tidal level潮差tidal range历时duration潮流量tidal discharge潮量tidal volume潮输沙率tidal sediment discharge潮输沙量tidal sediment runoff平均高潮潮位average high tidal level平均高潮潮位注解码remark of average high tidal level stage 最高高潮位Maximum high tidal stage最高高潮位注解码remark code of Maximum high tidal stage最高高潮位出现时间occurring time of Maximum high tidal stage最低高潮位minimum high tidal stage最低高潮位注解码remark code of minimum high water level最低高潮位出现时间occurring time of minimum high tidal stage平均低潮潮位average low tidal level平均低潮潮位注解码remark of average low tidal level最高低潮位maximum low tidal stage最高低潮位注解码remark code of maxiumm low tidal stage最高低潮位出现时间occurring time of maximum low tidal stage最低低潮位minimum low tidal stage最低低潮位注解码remark code of minimum low tidal stage最低低潮位出现时间occurring time of minimum low tidal stage平均涨潮潮差average of flood tide range平均涨潮潮差注解码remark code of average of flood tide range最大涨潮潮差maximum flood tidal range最大涨潮潮差注解码remark code of maximum flood tidal range最大涨潮潮差(高潮)时间time of maximum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差minimum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差注解码remark code of minimum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差(高潮)时间high tidal time of minimum flood tidal range 平均落潮潮差average ebb tide range平均落潮潮差注解码remark code of average of ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差maximum ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差注解码remark code of maximum ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差(高潮)时间high water occurring time of maximum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差minimum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差注解码remark code of minimum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差(高潮)时间high water occurring time of minimum ebb tidal range平均涨潮历时average flood tidal duration平均涨潮历时注解码remark code of average of flood tidal range最长涨潮历时maximum flood tidal duration最长涨潮历时注解码remark code of maximum flood tide duration最长涨潮历时(高潮)时间high water occurring time of maximum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时minimum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时注解码remark code of minimum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时(高潮)时间high tidal time of minimum flood tidal duration平均落潮历时mean ebb tide duration平均落潮历时注解码remark code of mean ebb tide duration最长落潮历时maximum ebb tidal duration最长落潮历时注解码remark code of maximum ebb tidal duration最长落潮历时(高潮)时间high water occurring time of maximum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时minimum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时注解码r emark code of minimum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时(高潮)时间high tidal time of Minimum ebb tidal duration 逐时平均潮位hourly average tidal stage逐时平均潮位注解码remark code of hourly average tidal stage平均潮差average tide range平均潮差注解码remark code of yearly average tide range平均历时average tidal duration平均历时注解码remark code of average tidal duration施测日期beginning date of measurement测次号observation number垂线号numbers of typical verticals起点距distance from initial point河底高程river bed elevation河底高程注解码remark code of river bed elevation测时水位stage during observation测时水位注解码remark code of stage during observation垂线方位vertical azimuth断面名称及位置cross section name and location测次说明note引用施测日期date of quoted observation引用测次号number of quoted observation引用起始起点距beginning distance from initial point引用终止起点距end distance from initial point岸别符号bank symbol痕迹类型trace type日day时hour分minute点编号point code点详细位置point detailed location点东经point east longitude点北纬point north latitude点高程point elevation点参数point parameter指认人及印象witness man's impression目击和旁证可靠等级reliability rank of witness痕迹和标志物可靠等级reliability level of trace or flag 估计误差范围estimation error range调查日期investigation date起始年beginning year起始月beginning month起始日beginning day起始时beginning hour起始分beginning minute终止年end year终止月end month终止日end day终止时end hour终止分end minute雨情描述description of rainfall information重现期Recurrence Interval重现期统计截止年cut-off year of statistics of recurrence interval目击和水痕可靠等级reliability rank of witness or trace承雨器障碍物可靠等级reliability level of rain collector barrier before rainfall承雨器雨前可靠等级reliability level of rain collector before rainfall承雨器漫溢渗漏可靠等级reliability level of loss quantity of rain collector seepage or overflow水位可靠等级reliability level of stage推算流量方法method of discharge computation水流边界flow boundary推算流量资料可靠等级reliability level of data used in discharge computation推算流量方法可靠等级reliability level of method of discharge computation推算流量成果合理性等级reliability level of discharge computation次水量water volume of one floo d水情描述description of hydrological information流量施测号数number of discharge observation测流起时间beginning time of flow measurment测流止时间end time of flow measurement测流方法Method of flow measurement基本水尺水位base gage stage流量注解码remark code of discharge断面总面积total of cross section area断面过水面积wetted cross-section area断面面积注解码remark code of cross section area断面平均流速average flow velocity at across-section 断面最大流速maximum flow velocity at across-section 水面宽top width断面平均水深Average water depth at cross section断面最大水深maximum water depth水浸冰冰底宽ice bottom width水浸冰冰底平均水深ice bottom average depth水浸冰冰底最大水深ice bottom maximum depth水面比降surface slope糙率roughness时段类别category of interval水量类别category of water quantity水量water quantity水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity年实测水量占比percent of observation water-quantity in total水量计算方法可靠等级reliability level of estimation method of water quantity水量成果合理性等级fitness rank of water quantity data起时间闸(坝)上水位upstream stage of beginning time起时间闸(坝)上水位注解码remark code of upstream stage at beginning time起时间闸(坝)下水位downstream stage at beginning time起时间闸(坝)下水位注解码remark code of downstream stage of beginning time最大流量出现时间Occurring Time of Maxmum Discharge实测蓄水变量observed water storage调查蓄水变量investigation storage实测灌溉还原水量observed restoring water quantity in irrigation调查灌溉还原水量restoring water quantity of investigation in irrigation水平梯田拦蓄地面径流量surface water runoff catched by level terraced field工业生活还原水量restoring water quantity of industrial water or domestic water实测工业生活还原水量observed water quantity of industrial water or domestic water区内除涝排水量water quantity of waterlogging control in zone实测区内除涝排水量observed water quantity of waterlogging control in zone跨流域引水量water quantity of interbasin transfer实测跨流域引水量observed water quantity of interbasin transfer跨区回归水量return flow in cross zone实测跨区回归水量observed return flow in cross zone跨区回归水量测算方法estimation method of return flow in cross zone跨区溃坝水量water quantity of cross zone dam-break实测跨区溃坝水量observed water quantity of cross zone dam-break跨区溃坝水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity of cross zone dam-break溃坝还原水量restoring water quantity in dam-break跨区分洪水量water quantity of cross zone flood diversion实测跨区分洪水量observed water quantity of cross zone flood diversion跨区分洪水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity of cross zone flood diversion分洪还原水量restoring water quantity of flood diversion跨区决口水量water quantity of cross zone branching实测跨区决口水量observed water quantity of cross zone branching跨区决口水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity of cross zone branching决口还原水量restoring water quantity of bursting暗河交换水量exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量估算方法method of estimating exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量参证站相似程度similar level of bench-mark station of exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量平衡程度balance level of exchange water between underground rivers跨区渗漏水量water quantity of cross zone seepage浅层地下水还原水量restoring water quantity of shallow groundwater实测浅层地下水还原水量observe drestoring water quantity of shallow underground water浅层地下水还原水量测算方法estimation method of restoring water quantity of shallow groundwater深层地下水还原水量restoring water quantity of deep-layer groundwater实测深层地下水还原水量observed restoring water quantity of deep layer underground water深层地下水还原水量测算方法restoring water quantity of deep-layer groundwater泉水出露量capacity of spring总进水量total inflow runoff总出水量total outflow runoff降水总量precipitation蒸散发总量total evapotranspiration蓄水水面蒸发增损水量water quantity extracted by evaporation on water surface出口水体起时间水位stage of overflow water body at beginning time出口水体起时间蓄水量storage of overflow water body at beginning time输沙率施测号数number of sediment discharge observation测沙起时间beginning time of sediment concentration measurement测沙止时间end time of sediment concentration measurement测沙断面位置location of cross section for sediment concentration measurement取样方法sampling method断面平均含沙量average sediment concentration at cross-section断面平均含沙量注解码remark code of average sediment concentration at cross section单样含沙量index sediment concentration单样含沙量测验方法observational method of index sediment concentration悬移质输沙率suspended sediment discharge悬移质输沙率注解码remark code of suspended sediment discharge推移质输沙率bed load sediment discharge推移质输沙率注解码remark code of bed load sediment discharge单样推移质输沙率index bed load sediment discharge推移质平均底速average velocity of bed load推移带宽度width of bed load sediment discharge断面平均单宽输沙率average sediment discharge in unit width at cross section垂线最大输沙率maximum vertical sediment discharge垂线最大输沙率相应起点距distance of maximum vertical sediment discharge from initial point单断沙码code of index or cross sectional sediment起始施测号begin observation number终止施测号end observation number取样起时间beginning time of sampling取样止时间end time of sampling沙重百分数sediment weight percent最大颗粒重量sediment maximum particle weight最大颗粒起点距distance from initial point where measuring the maximum particle平均沉速mean settling velocity施测水温water temperature at measurement粒径分析方法analysis method of particle side注解码remark code沙量类别category of silt-quantity沙量silt-quantity沙量测算方法estimation method of silt-quantity年实测沙量占比percent of observation silt-quantity in total沙量测算方法可靠等级reliability level of estimation method of silt-quantity沙量成果合理性等级reliability level of silt-quantity data水量资料可靠等级reliability level of water quantity source冲淤量sediment quantity of scour-silt实测冲淤量observed sediment quantity of scour-silt灌溉挟沙量silt-quantity taked through irrigation实测灌溉挟沙量observed sediment discharge of irrigation工业生活挟沙量sediment discharge of industrial water or domestic water实测工业生活挟沙量observed sediment discharge of industrial water or domestic water跨流域引水挟沙量silt-quantity taked through interbasin transfer实测跨流域引水挟沙量observed sediment quantity taked by interbasin transfer溃坝冲淤量sediment quantity of scour-silt in dam-break实测溃坝冲淤量observed silt-quantity of scour-silt in dam-break分洪冲淤量sediment quantity of scour-silt in flood diversion实测分洪冲淤量observed silt-quantity of scour or sedimentation in flood diversion决口冲淤量degrada tion or sedimentation in bursting实测决口冲淤量observed sediment quantity of scour-silt in branching总进沙量total inflow silt-quantity总出沙量total outflow silt-quantity测次起时间beginning time of observation测次止时间end time of observation测验断面位置location of cross section冰流量ice discharge冰流量注解码remark code of ice discharge断面平均疏密度average ice compaction at cross section断面平均冰厚或冰花厚average depth of ice or frazil slush at cross section敞露水面宽open water width断面平均冰花密度density of frazil slush at cross section冰花折算系数adjustment factor of frazil slush测流断面位置location of cross section代表垂线平均流速average velocity on typical vertical潮流量注解码remark code of tidal discharge代表垂线号number of typical velocity vertical代表垂线流速velocity of typical vertical潮流期编号number of duration of tidal current潮流期起时间beginning time of duration of tidal current潮流期止时间end time of duration of tidal current测流前低潮潮位low tidal level before flow measurement测流前低潮潮位出现时间Occuring time of the low tidal level before flow measurement高潮潮位high tidal level高潮潮位出现时间occurring time of high tidal level低潮潮位low tidal level低潮潮位出现时间occurring time of low tidal level开始落憩潮位tidal level at beginning of ebb slack tide涨潮憩流潮位flood slack tidal stage涨潮憩流潮位出现时间occurring time of flood slack tide终止落憩潮位tidal stage at end of ebb slack tide涨潮潮差flood tidal range涨潮最大流速maximum velocity of flood tide涨潮潮量flood tidal volume涨潮潮量注解码remark code of flood tidal volume涨潮潮流历时flood tidal current duration涨潮平均流量average discharge of flood tide涨潮平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge of flood tide 落潮潮差ebb tide range落潮最大流速maximum velocity of ebb tide落潮潮量ebb tidal volume落潮潮量注解码remark code of ebb tidal volume落潮潮流历时ebb tidal current duration落潮平均流量average discharge of ebb tide落潮平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge of ebb tide 净泄量net outflow volume开闸时间opening gate time关闸时间closing gate time开闸前稳定水位stable stage before sluicing闸上最高水位Maximum stage in Sluice Upstream闸上最低水位Minimum stage in Sluice Upstream闸下水位Stage in Sluice Downstream水位差stage difference有效潮差effec tive tidal range一潮总水量total water volume of single tide一潮总水量注解码remark code of total water volume of single tide 一潮历时duration of single tide一潮平均流量average discharge of single tide一潮平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge of single tide 一潮最大流量maximum discharge of single tide一潮最大流量注解码remark code of maximum discharge of single tide 自变量名name of independent variable自变量值value of independent variable调查报告标题investigation report title调查项目investigation item调查年份investigation year编写年份redaction year调查单位investigation office主编单位Chief editorial unit调查报告内容investigation report contents调查报告格式investigation report format表标识table ID时间残缺记录编号number of time deformity record字段标识field identifier取值value率定次序号serial number of rating闸上水头head in Sluice Upstream闸下水头Head in Sluice Downstream闸门开启平均高度operation height of gate opening闸门开启平均高度注解码remark code of operation height of gate opening 闸门开启孔数count of operation gate opening闸门开启总宽total width of gate-openings平均堰宽average width of weir闸孔过水面积are aof wetted cross section of gate openings实测流量observed discharge实测流量注解码remark code of observed discharge流态flow regime流量计算公式编号formula number of discharge calculation流量系数discharge coefficient流量系数注解码remark code of discharge coefficient水闸型式weir and sluice type翼墙形式wing wall type平均引水角average driving angle闸上河宽upsluice river width闸下河宽river width in sluice downstream闸门型式weir gate type闸底高程elevation of sluice bottom堰顶高程elevation of weir crest堰顶形状shape of weir crest总孔数total number of gate openings单孔宽single gate opening width of weir gate单孔宽注解码remark code of gate opening width of weir gate 平均孔宽average of gate opening width总孔宽total width of gate opening闸门高度gate height平均开度average gate opening height闸墩厚thickness of pier机组号group number of machines站上水位upstation stage站下水位downstation stage站上水头upstation head开机功率electric power generated or consumed开机台数count of machines in operation开机叶片角度vane angle of machines in operation叶轮直径impeller diameter实际转速practical speed of revo lution出水阀过水面积wetted area of outlet valve效率计算公式编号formula number of efficiency calculation 效率值efficiency value效率值注解码remark code of efficiency value机型machine type装机台数count of machine出水管路断面面积wetted area of pipe line cross section标定转速rated speed of revolution单机额定功率single rated power单机设计流量single design discharge设计扬程design lift驼峰底高hump bottom elevation起排水位begining pumping stage关系线类别relation curve category线号curve number因变量名dependent variable定线数据起时间beginning time of the data for determining arelation curve定线数据止时间end time of routing location data定线数据下限自变量值routing location lower limit independent variable定线数据上限自变量值routing location upper limit independent variable线参数表达式curve parameter expression关系图名chart name适用期起时间beginning time of application适用期止时间end time of application定线点据总数amount of points for determining arelation curve定线方法method of determining arelation curve系统误差systematic error随机不确定度random error线上采样点编号curve sample point number采样点自变量值curve sample point independent variable 采样点因变量值curve sample point dependent variable 计量单位unit name记录定位标识record location identifier原值original value改正值corrected value处理日期date of correction处理情况说明correction explanation入库标识identifier of reservoir inflow注解符号remark symbol ASCII值numeric ASCII Code注解符号类型remark symbol type注解含义meaning of remark表号table number表中文名table name in Chinese表英文名table name in English字段中文名field name in Chinese字段英文名field name in English字段类型及长度field type and field length空值属性attribute of"null"。
水文水资源专业术语中英文对照表 2009-6
地下水污染评价
groundwater pollution assessment
地下水污染物
groundwater pollutants
地下水物理模型
physical model of groundwater
地下水物理性质
physical properties of groundwater
地下水系统
groundwater system
断层泉
fault spring
断裂带水压导升高度 height of water pressure in fault
（潜越高度）
zone
断面流量
cross-sectional flow
对流弥散
convective dispersion
多孔抽水试验
multipe wells pumping test
多孔介质
地下水成矿作用
ore-forming
process
in
groundwater
地下水储存量（地下 groundwater storage
水储存资源）
地下水的 pH 值
pH Value of groundwater
地下水的碱度
alkalinity of groundwater
地下水的酸度
acidity of groundwater
地下水年龄测定
dating of groundwater
地下水排泄
groundwater discharge
地下水盆地
groundwater basin
地下水侵蚀性
Corrosiveness of groundwater
地下水人工补给
artificial recharge of groundwater
水文中英对照表
水文中英对照表一、陆地水文1.1、一般术语水water水圈hydrosphere水体water body水科学water science水文学hydrology陆地水文学land hydrology应用水文学applied hydrology工程水文学engineering hydrology 地表水surface water地下水groundwater水汽water vapour水温要素hydrologic elements降水precipitation蒸发evaporation径流runoff水位stage流速velocity流量discharge含沙量sediment concentration输沙率sediment discharge水温要素water temperature冰凌ice run水质water quality下垫面underlying surface水文情势hydrologic regime水文效应hydrologic effect1.2、水文循环水循环hydorlogic cycle水量平衡water balance热量平衡heat balance盐量平衡salt balance大气水汽含量atmospheric water vapour content 大气水汽输送atmospheric water vapour trasport 水汽输送通量atmospheric water vapour flux雨rain降雨面积rainfall area降雨分布rainfall distribution雨季rainy season雪snow积雪snow cover初雪first snow终雪latest snow融雪snowmelt雹hail截留interception填洼depression detention地面滞留surface detention陆面蒸发（总蒸发）evaporation of land水面蒸发evaporation of water surface土壤蒸发evsporation from soil散发（植物蒸腾）transpiration蒸发能力evaporation capability下渗（入渗）infiltration稳渗steady infiltration下渗能力infiltration capability河川径流river runoff降雨径流rainfall runoff暴雨径流storm runoff融雪径流snowmelt runoff枯季径流dry season runoff基流base flow洪水flood暴雨洪水storm flood冰凌洪水（凌汛）ice flood冰雪洪水ice-snow melt flood雨雪混合洪水rain and snowmelt flood山洪flash flood溃坝洪水dam-break flood1.3、水文气象大气环流atmospheric circunlation天气形势weather situation天气过程weather process天气系统weather system行星尺度天气系统planetary scale weather system天气尺度天气系统synoptic scale weather system中小尺度天气系统meso and micro-scale weather system 风暴潮storm surge风暴中心storm center西风情westerly trough东风波easterly wave低压槽trough高压脊ridge副热带高压subtropic high阻塞高压blocking high低空急流low-level jet低涡vortex反气旋（高压）anticyclone气旋（低压）cyclone热带气旋tropic cyclone热带低压tropic depression热带风暴tropic storm强热带风暴severe tropic storm台风typhoon气团air mass锋（锋面）front天气weather气象meteorology气候climate气候区划climatic regionalization 气候带climatic zone气候变化climatic change小气候microclimate热带tropic zone副热带（亚热带）subtropic zone温带extratropic zone寒带frigid zone季风monsoon梅雨plum rains暴雨storm阵雨showery rain地形雨orogarphic rain台风雨typhoon rain热带气旋雨rainfall in tropic cyclone 雷暴thunderstorm温室效应greenhouse effect卫星云图satellize cloud picture气压atmospheric pressure海平面气压sea-level pressure气温air temperature地温ground temperature湿球温度wet-bulb temprerature湿度humidity水汽压vapour pressure饱和水汽压saturation vapour pressure 绝对湿度absolute humidity相对湿度relative humidity饱和差saturation deficit比湿specific humidity风wind风向wind direction风速wind speed蒲福风级Beaufort wind scale露dew露点dew point雾fog霜frost霜点frost point初霜first frost终霜latest frost霜冻frostbite无霜期frost-fress period1.4、流域及水系流域watershed(basin)流域面积（集水面积）drainage area闭合流域enclosed basin不闭合流域non-enclosed basin闭流区（内流区）blind drainage area分水线（分水岭）divide流域特征basin characteristics流域几何特征basin geometric characteristics流域长度basin length流域平均高程basin elevation mean流域平均宽度basin width mean流域平均速度basin slope mean流域不对称系数coefficient of basin nonsymmetric流域面积增长率growth ratio of drainage area流域自然地理特征physiographic characteristics of basin水系hydrographic net人工河网artificial drainage network 河网密度drainage density 明渠open channel河流river河源headwaters冲沟gully溪流brook支流tributary干流main stream分支fork串沟bifurcation channel运河canal外流河exorheic river内陆河endorheic river减河relief channel河道复流）河道再生）resurgence常年河perennial stream间歇河intermittent stream悬河（地上河）elevated stream夺流河（断头河）captured river 盈水河gaining stream亏水河losing stream暴洪河流flashy stream地下河underground river界河boundary river国际河流international river废河道（古河道）dead river岸bank左岸left bank右岸right bank凹岸concave bank凸岸convex bank岸壁land wall水边线（岸线）water line提防levee河长river length河弯river bend弯曲率toriuosity航道navigable channel河段reach上游upstream中游midstream下游downstream控制河段control reach顺直河段straight reach弯曲河段bent reach扩散河段expanding reach收缩河段converging reach游荡河段wandering reach感潮河段tide reach截弯取直channel cutoff河槽（河床）channel cutoff稳定河槽stable channel不稳定河槽（冲淤河槽）unstable channel 主槽main channel单式河槽single channel复式河槽compound channel河槽横断面river cross-section河道纵断面river longitudinal profile断面特性cross-section characteristics河床形态channel morphology浅槽shoal急滩catarect河漫滩flood plain三角洲delta江心洲channel island潜州submerged bar深潭deep pool1.5、河流水力学水力学hydraulics明渠水力学open channel hydraulics水静力学hydrostatics水动力学hydrodynamics明渠水流open channel flow恒定流steady flow非恒定流unsteady flow均匀流（等速流）uniform flow非均匀流（变速流）non-uniform flow急流supercritical flow缓流subcritical flow异重流density current临界流critical flow临界水深critical depth临界流速critical velocity临界流量critical discharge水头head位置水头（位能）elevation head压强水头（压能）pressure head流速水头（动能）velocity head有效水头effective head水头损失head loss沿程水头损失frictional head loss局部水头损失local head loss比降slope能面比降energy slope水面比降surface slope摩阻比降friction slope附加比降add slope河道比降channel slope水面横比降transverse slope of water surface 侧比降inverse slope总水头线total head line水面线water surface profile糙率roughness谢才系数Chezy coefficient谢才公式Chezy formula曼宁公式Manning formula输水因数（输水率）conveyance factor水跃hydraulic jump水舌nappe回水曲线backwater curve弗汝德数Froude number雷诺数Reynolds number韦伯数Weber number水力因素hydraulic factor湿周wetted perimeter水力半径hydraulic radius宽深比width-depth ratio中泓线midstream of channel深泓线Thalweg落差fall瀑布waterfall波浪wave驻波standing wave移动波translation wave1.6、河流泥沙河流动力学river dynamics河流泥沙river sediment泥沙特性property of sediment土壤侵蚀soil erosion水力侵蚀water erosion山洪侵蚀torrential erosion流域侵蚀basin erosion流域产沙量watershed sediment yield 全沙total load悬移质suspended load推移质bed load床沙bed material床沙质bed material load冲泄质wash load河流泥沙运动sediment transport in river泥沙运动incipienty motion of sediment起动流速competent velocity造床流量dominant discharge泥沙密度density of sediment高含沙水流flow with hyperconcentration of sediment 泥石流debris flow水流挟沙能力sediment transport capacity of flow河床演变fluvial process冲刷scour淤积sedimentation沙量平衡sediment balance泥沙输移sediment transport泥沙输移比sediment delivery ratio浆河现象clogging of river sediment flow揭河底现象tearing of river bed1.7、水质天然水质natural water quality水化学hydrochemistry溶解性总固体total dissolved solids离子含量ion concentration离子总量total ion concentration 离子流量ion discharge矿化度mineral content盐度salinitypH值pH value碱度alkalinity酸度acidity酸雨acid rain电导率electric conductivity浑浊度（浊度）turbidity总需氧量total oxygen demand溶解氧dissolved oxygen需氧量oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demang 化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand硬度hardness碳酸盐硬度（暂时硬度）carbonate hardness非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度）non-carbonate hardness硬水hard water软水soft water1.8、河流冰清冰清ice regime结冰河流ice-frozen stream封冻河流freeze-up stream稳定封冻河流stable freeze-up stream 非稳定封冻河流unstable freeze-up stream 结冰期ice-frozen period初生冰initial ice冰针ice spicule冰凇rime ice圆扁冰pan-cake ice冰花frazil slush岸冰border ice初生岸冰initial border ice固定岸冰fixed border ice冲积岸冰agglomerated border ice 再生岸冰regencrative border ice 残余岸冰residual border ice雪冰slush ice水内冰underwater ice冰屑shuga冰底边ice base boundary冰礁ice reef冰桥ice bridge流冰花slush ice run浮冰floating ice锚冰anchor ice封冻期freeze-up period封冻（封河）freeze-up平封flat freeze-up立封upright freeze-up冰盖ice cover连底冻grounded ice cover冰丘ice mound封冻冰缘ice edge of freeze-up清沟lead初生清沟primary lead再生清沟secondary lead冰花路毡sludge road felt冰上覆雪snow cover over ice冰脊ice ridge冰缝crack悬冰suspended ice cover冰堆ice pack冰塞ice jam冰上结冰aufeis解冻期break-up period冰变色color change of ice cover冰上冒水upwelling冰上有水accumulation of melt water 冰上流水water flow over ice层冰层水ice cover with intercalated water layers 融冰tbawing 冰层塌陷ice sheet depression冰层浮起floating ice cover冰滑动dislodging of ice cover解冻（开河）break-up文开河tranquil break-up武开河violent break-up流冰花ice run流冰堆积drifting ice pack冰坝ice dam残冰堆积residual ice accumulation1.9、河口潮汐潮汐tide潮位tidal level涨潮flood tide落潮ebb tide高潮high tide低潮low tide平潮dead tide涨潮潮差flood tidal rang高潮间隙ebb tidal range低潮间隙high lunitidal interval日潮不等diurnal inequality月中天lunar transit引潮力tidal generation force天文潮astronomic tid气象潮meteorologic tide潮汐周期tidal cycle半日潮semidiurnal tide全日潮diurnal tide混合潮mixed tide大潮spring tide小潮neap tide中潮moderate tide太阴日lunar day潮期duration of tide涨潮历时duration of tide rise落潮历时duration of tide fall潮流tidal current涨潮流flood tidal current落潮流ebb tidal current憩流slack tide潮流速tidal velocity往复流reversing current旋转流rotary current潮流期duration of tidal current涨潮流历时duration of flood current 落潮流历时duration of ebb current 涌潮bore河口estuary河口水文estuarine hydrology河口水流estuarine flow河口潮汐estuarine tide河口演变fluvial processes of estuary 拦门沙estuarine bar河口三角洲estuarine delta滩涂（海涂）tidal flat1.10、地下水地下水水文学groundwater hydrology 水文地质学hydrogeology地下水动力学groundwater dynamics地下水系统groundwater system地下水流域drainage basin of groundwater地下水分水岭groundwater divide地下水动态groundwater regime地下水均衡groundwater balance地下水运动（渗流）groundwater movement地下水模型groundwater model地下水储量groundwater storage地下水水库groundwater reservoir地下水径流groundwater runoff地下水流速velocity of groundwater flowhydraulic gradient of groundwater 地下水力坡度（地下水水面坡度地下水等水位线图water-table contour map含水层aquifer含水岩系water-content rock series含水岩组water-content rock formation含水岩性water-content rock property含水介质water-bearing medium均匀介质homogeneous medium非均匀介质inhomogeneous medium含水层边界aquifer boundary透水边界permeable boundary隔水边界confining boundary弱透水边界aquitard boundary透水层permeable bed隔水层confining bed弱透水层aquitard水文地质参数hydrogeological parameters渗透系数permeability coefficient导水系数（释水系数）coefficient of transmissivity贮水系数storativitycoefficient of water table conductivity水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）压力传导系数coefficient of pressure conductivity越流系数leakage coefficient延迟指数delay index影响半径influence radius补给带宽度range of recharge zone水位削减值drawdown value interferece分子扩散系数coefficient of molecular diffusion机械弥散系数coefficient of mechanical dispersion水动力弥散系数coefficient of hydrodynamic dispersion 包气带aeration zone饱和层saturated zone土壤水soil water结合水bound water吸着水absorbed water薄膜水pellicular water上层滞水perched water渗入水infiltration water凝结水condensation water毛管水capillary water毛管上升高度height of capillary rise毛管压力水头capillary pressure head土壤含水量soil moisture content饱和含水量saturated moisture content饱和度saturation coefficient土水势soil water potential持水度water-holding capacity土壤水分常数soil moisture constants土壤吸湿系数absorption coefficient of soil moisture凋萎系数wilting coefficient田间持水量field capacity毛管断裂含水量moisture content at capillary rupture最大分子吸水量maximum molecular moisture content零通量面法zero flux plane method潜水phreatic water降水入渗补给precipitation recharge降水入渗补给系数coefficient of precipitation recharge地表水补给surface water recharge凝结水补给condensation recharge侧向补给lateral recharge越流补给leakage recharge灌溉补给系数rirrigation recharge coefficient of groundwater 潜水蒸发phreatic water evaporation潜水蒸发临界深度critical depth of phreatic water evaporation 潜水溢出量phreatic water overflow to surface潜水位phreatic water level潜水埋深buried depth of phreatic water level 潜水含水层厚度thickness of phreatic water aquifer 重力水gravity water 给水度specific yield承压水confined water隔水顶板upper confining bed隔水底板lower confining bed承压含水层厚度thickness of confined aquifer承压水头confined water head自流水井artesian well含水层天窗skylight of upper confining bed孔隙水pore water孔隙含水层porous aquifer孔隙-裂隙含水层pore-fissure aquifer 有效孔隙度effective porosity裂隙水fissure water裂隙含水层fissure aquifer裂隙度fissure ratio岩溶（喀斯特）karst岩溶水karst water溶洞karst cave岩溶含水层karst aquifer泉spring温泉thermal spring矿泉mineral spring1.11、湖泊水库湖泊lake外流湖exorheic lake内流胡endorheic lake淡水湖fresh lake咸水湖salt lake盐湖saline lake季节性湖泊seasonal lake富营养湖泊eutrophic lake贫营养湖泊poornutrient lake湖流lake current梯度流gradient current漂流current of friction湖浪lake wave湖泊荡漾（假潮）lake seiche湖泊增减水lake wind denivellation湖泊资源lake resoursce湖泊率lake ratio湖泊补给系数recharge coefficient of lake湖泊换水周期lake residence period湖盆lake basin湖面高程elevation of water level in lake岛屿率insulosity湖泊分层lake layering正温层direct thermal stratification逆温层inverse thermal stratification湖泊形态参数morphometric parameter of lake湖泊面积lake area湖泊容量storage of lake湖泊长度length of lake湖泊宽度width of lake湖泊最大深度maximum depth of lake湖泊平均深度mean depth of lake湖泊岸线长度length of lake shoreline湖泊岸线法发育系数development coefficient of lake shoreline 水库reservoir水库特征水位characteristic water levels of reservoir 库容reservoir storage静库容still storage动库容（楔形库容）dynamic storage库容曲线stage-capacity curve水库特征库容characteristic storages of reservoir水库渗漏reservoir seepage水库淤积reservoir sedimentation水库诱发地震reservoir induced earthquake水库拦沙效率sediment trap efficiency of reservoir1.12、沼泽沼泽mire潜育沼泽non-peat mire泥炭沼泽peat mire低位沼泽low level mire高位沼泽main level mire中位沼泽medium level mire沼泽水文mire hydrology沼泽水量平衡water balance of mire沼泽水mire water沼泽蒸发mire evaporation沼泽径流mire runoff沼泽表面流surface flow of mire沼泽表层流surface layer of mire沼泽含水性moisture property of mire 沼泽持水性water retention of mire沼泽透水性perviousness of mire沼泽率mire ratio1.13、冰川冰川glacier山地冰川（山岳冰川）mountain glacier 谷冰川valley glacier宽尾冰川broad-tail glacier冰斗冰川cirque glacier悬冰川hanging glacier贯通冰川（山麓冰川）penetrating glacier 冰原ice field冰川平衡线equilibrium line of glacier二、水文测验2.1、一般术语水文测验hydrometry水文勘测hydrologic reconnaissance水文遥感技术remote-sensing technology in hydrology 水文空间技术space technology in hydrology水文核技术nuclear technology in hydrology全球定位系统global positioning system遥测telemetry驻测stationary gauging巡测tour gauging间测intermittent gauging检测test gauging校测corrective gauging委托观测entrust gauging水文仪器hydrologic instrumen直读仪器direct-reading instrument自记仪器automatic-recording instrument遥测装置remote telemetry unit传感器sensor固态存贮器solid storage计数器counter记录器recorder显示器display unit平均无故障工作时间mean time between failures相应水位equivalent stage2.2、水文站网水文测站hydrometric station基本站basic station辅助站auxiliary station专用站special station水文实验站hydrologic experimental station基准水文站bench mark hydrologic station水文气象站hydrometeorologic station巡测站tour gauging station水文站gauging station大河控制站main-stream control station区域代表站regional representative station小河站small-stream station河道站river station水库站reservoir station渠道战canal station湖泊站lake station堰闸站weir and sluice station水位站stage gauging station潮水位站（验潮站）tidal level station水库水位站reservoir stage gauging station湖泊水位站lake stage gauging station雨量站（降水量站）rain gauging station配套雨量站complete set rain gauging station雨量观测场rain observation yard水面蒸发站water surface evaporation station陆上水面蒸发场water surface evaporation station on land 漂浮水面蒸发场floating water surface evaporation yard 水质站（水质监测站）water qualiky station泥沙站sediment station地下水观测井observation well of groundwater水文站网hydrologic network基本站网basic hydrologic network流量站网streamflow gauging network雨量站网rain gauging network水面蒸发站网water surface evaporation network水位站网stage gauging network泥沙站网sediment gauging network水质站网water quality network地下水观测井网groundwater observation well network 站网规划hydrologic network planning水文分区hydrologic regionalization站网布设network layout站网分析network analysis站网检验network examination站网优化network optimization站网调整network adjustment站网密度network density现实密度real density可用密度usable density容许最稀站网minimum network设站年限station required age水文信息hydrologic information水文效益hydrologic benefit2.3、测验基本设施及测量基面datum绝对基面absolute datum假定基面arbitrary datum测站基面station datum冻结基面stationary datum测站控制station control河槽控制channel control断面控制section control人工控制artificial control河底控制river bottom control槛式控制sill control测验河段measuring reach水流平面图flow plane map水道地形图channel topographic map断面标志cross-section sign断面桩cross-section stake标志杆sign rod辐射杆radiation rod基线base line基线桩base line stake水准点benchmark基本水准点basic benchmark校核水准点check benchmark临时水准点temporary benchmark测验断面measuring cross-section基本水尺断面basic gauge cross-section流速仪测流断面current-meter measuring cross-section 浮标测流断面float measuring cross-section比降水尺断面slope measuring cross-section辅助水尺断面secondary gauging cross-section临时测流断面temporary measuring cross-section 水文缆道hydrometric cableway悬索缆道suspended cableway悬杆缆道suspended rod cableway机动缆道mororized cableway手动缆道hand-operating cableway主索main cable循环索loop cable起重索suspension cable水文缆车hydrometric cable car吊船过河索cableway for anchoring boat缆道测验仪cableway measuring device水文测船hydrometric boat水文测桥hydrometric bridge桥测车gauging vehicle on bridge水文巡测车tour gauging vehicle for hydrometry 水准测量leveling跨河水准测量river-crossing leveling水尺零点测量survey of gauge zero控制测量control survey高程控制测量vertical control survey平面控制测量horizontal control survey导线测量traverse survey三角测量triangulation距离测量distance survey河道观测river survey地形测量topographic survey碎部测量detail survey水下地形测量underwater topographic survey2.4、降水量、蒸发量观测及仪器设备降水量precipitation雨量rainfall积雪深度snow depth积雪密度snow density雪水当量water equivalent of snow降水历时precipitation duration降雨强度rainfall intensity降水日数number of precipitation days降水量观测precipitation observation雨量器raingauge承水器raingauge receiver量杯measuring glass累积雨量器accumulative raingauge雨量计rainfall recorder虹吸式雨量计siphon rainfall recorder翻斗式雨量计tipping-bucket rainfall recorder长期雨量计long-term rainfall recorder遥测雨量计telemetering rainfall recorder测雨雷达precipitation-monitoring radar雪量器snow gauge雨雪量计rain and snow recorder蒸发量evaporation蒸发量观测evaporation observation蒸发量折算系数reduction coefficient of evaporation 遮挡率screen ratio蒸发器evaporation pan小型蒸发器（蒸发皿）small evaporation panE-601型蒸发器evaporation pan of type E-601漂浮蒸发器floating evaporation pan蒸发计evaporimeter遥测蒸发计telemetering evaporimeter2.5、水位、水温、波浪观测及仪器设备水位观测stage observation水尺零点gauge zero最高水位maximum stage最低水位minimum stage平均水位mean stage水位变幅fluctuation range of stage比降观测slope observation涨落率rate of rise and fall水面起伏度undulating range of surface水温观测water temperature observation 水温表water thermometer波浪观测wave observation波高wave height波长wave lendth波峰wave crest波谷wave trough波陡wave steep测波仪wave meter水尺gauge直立水尺vertical gauge倾斜水尺inclined gauge悬锤水尺wire weight gauge矮桩水尺stake gauge测针水尺point gauge钩形水尺hool gauge最高水位水尺crest stage gauge校核水尺check gauge基本水尺basic gauge辅助水尺auxiliary gauge比降水尺slope gauge临时水尺temporary gauge水位计stage gauge自记水位计stage recorder浮子式水位计float type stage recorder压力式水位计pressure-type stage recorder 超声波水位计ultrasonic stage recorder遥测水位计telemetering stage recorder接触式水位计contact-type stage recorder 远传水位计telecontrol stage recorder自记水位计台stage recorder installation静水井stilling well2.6、水深、断面测量及仪器设备水深depth测得水深measured depth有效水深effective depth相对水深relative depth断面平均水深mean depth at a cross-section测深sounding测深垂线sounding vertical测深杆sounding rod测深锤sounding weight超声波测探仪（回声测深仪）ultrasonic sounder压力测深仪pressure sounder铅鱼elliptic-type weight起点距distance from initial point断面索tag line水面宽water surface width河底高程river bed elevation横断面cross-section大断面possible maximum cross-section过水断面wetted cross-section水道断面channel cross-section断面面积cross-section area部分面积segment area纵断面longitudinal profile深泓纵断面thalweg profile平均河底高程纵剖面mean channel bed elevation profile 拉偏索pull slanting cable悬索偏角改正sounding line correction干绳改正air line correction湿绳改正wet lien correction2.7、流速测验及仪器设备流速测量velocity measurement水面流速surface velocity测点流速velocity at a point最大测点流速maximum point velocity测速垂线velocity-measuring vertical垂线平均流速mean velocity at a vertical部分平均流速mean velocity at a segment断面平均流速mean velocity at a cross-section浮标流速float velocity中泓流速midstream velocity流速分布velocity distribution流速梯度velocity gradient垂线流速分布vertical velocity distribution断面流速分布cross-section velocity distribution测点流速系数point velocity coefficient水面流速系数surface velocity coefficient顺流downstream flow逆流upstream flow流速脉动velocity pulsation中泓流速midstream流向测量flow-direction measurement断面平均流向mean flow direction at a cross-section 流向改正correction for flow direction流向仪flow-direction meter流量测量discharge measurement流速面积法velocity area method流速仪法current-meter method积宽法width-integrating method积深法depth-integrating method选点法point-integrating method动船法moving boat method单宽流量unit discharge部分流量segment discharge比降面积法slope area method浮标法float method浮标系数float coefficient水面浮标系数surface float coefficient中泓浮标系数midstream float coefficient虚流量virtual discharge超声波测流法ultrasonic gauging method电磁测流法electromagnetic gauging method 体积法cubature 流速仪法current-meter method转子式流速仪rotating-element current-meter 旋杯市流速仪cup-type current-meter旋浆式流速仪propeller-type current-meter电波流速仪electric wave current-meter超声波剖面流速仪ultrasonic profile current-meter 多普勒流速仪Doppler current-meter参证流速仪reference current-meter流量计flow meter文杜里水流计Venturi flow meter毕托管Pitot tube流速仪检定current-meter calibration检定槽calibration tank检定车calibration carriage浮标float水面浮标系数surface float小浮标small float双浮标double float浮杆float-rod中泓浮标系数midstream float浮标投放器float thrower涉水测流wading stream gauging测杆wading rod2.8、建筑物测流及稀释法测流建筑物测流structure stream-gauging测流堰weir薄壁堰thin-plate weir三角形堰triangular notch weir矩形堰rectangular notch weir梯形堰trapezoidal notch weir实用堰short-crested weir宽顶堰broad-crested weir三角形剖面堰triangular-profile weir平坦V性堰flat-V weir复合堰compound weir全宽堰full-width weir收缩堰contracted weir测流堰flume文杜里水槽Venturi flume临界水深水槽critical-depth flume巴歇尔槽Parshall flume堰体weir body堰高height of weir堰顶高程elevation of weir crest堰顶水头weir head水工建筑物测流flow measurement by hydraulic structure闸门开启高度gate opening行近河槽approach channel行近流速approach velocity堰流weir flow流态flow regime自由流free flow淹没流submerged flow半淹没流half-submerged flow孔流sluice flow射流jet flow淹没比submergence ratio淹没系数submergence coefficient流速系数velocity coefficient流量系数discharge coefficient稀释法测流dilution method for discharge measurement示踪剂tracer标准溶液standard solution背景浓度background concentration稀释比dilution ratio混匀长度mixing length等速注入法constant-rate injection method积分法（一次注入法）integrating method多点注入法multiple injection method注入断面injection cross-section取样断面sampling cross-section2.9、泥沙测验、泥沙颗粒分析及仪器设备泥沙测验sediment measurement断面平均含沙量mean sediment concentration at a cross-section 测点含沙量sediment concentration at a point 垂线平均含沙量mean sediment concentration at a vertical单样含沙量index sediment concentration相应单样含沙量equivalent index sediment concentration 悬移质输沙率测验suspended sediment discharge全断面混合法cross-section mixing method推移质输沙率bed load discharge单样推移质输沙率index bed load discharge单宽推移质输沙率bed load discharge per unit推移质输沙率测验bed load discharge measurement器测法sampling method坑测法pit method沙波法dune tracking method床沙测验bed material measurement。
水文技术标准术语英文
水文技术标准术语英文河流及流域特征 Characteristics of river and basin 河流及水系 River and river system河流 river干流(主河) trunk river (main stream)支流 tributary stream (branch river)河源 river head (river source, headwater)河口 river mouth (estuary)河长 river length深泓线 thalweg中泓线 stream central line落差 drp[河道比降(纵坡降、坡降) river slope河槽(河床) stream channel水系(河系、河网) hydrographic net (river system) 河网密度 drainage density流域特征 Characteristics of basin流域 watershed (basin, drainage area)流域分水线 basin divide流域面积(集水面积) watershed area (drainage area, catchment area) 流域长度(流域轴长) length of basin流域植被率(植被度) percentage of vegetations in drainage area流域湖泊率 percentage of lakes in drainage area流域沼泽率 percentage of swamps in drainage area水文分析计算 hydrological analysis and computation水文计算 hydrologic computation水文计算 hydrological computation水文统计 hydrological statistics累计频率 accumulative frequency重现期 return period水文频率曲线 hydrological frequency curve设计频率 design frequency相关分析 corelation analysis暴雨 rain storm大暴雨 large rain storm特大暴雨 extraordinary rainstorm降雨面积(雨区) precipitation area (rain area)暴雨中心 rainstorm center暴雨强度 rainstorm intensity暴雨历时 rainstorm duration点雨量 point precipitation (point rainfall)面雨量 area precipitation (area rainfall)定点定面关系 precipitation relationship between fixed point and fixed area)动点动面关系(暴雨中心点面关系) precipitation relationship between center point and variable area)暴雨时、面、深关系 depth-area-duration relationship of storm (DAD)暴雨强度历时曲线 duration curve of storm intensity设计暴雨 design rainstorm设计雨型 design rainfall pattern暴雨等雨量线图 isohyet map of rainstorm可降水量 probable precipitation可能最大降雨 probable maximum precipitation (PMP) 暴雨模式 rainstorm model典型暴雨 typical rainstorm移置暴雨 transposition storm组合暴雨 synthetic storm露点 dewpoint地面露点 dewpoint at earth surface代表性露点 representative dewpoint可能最大露点 probable maximum dewpoint产流(汇流) runoff yield (concentration of flow) 产流 runoff yield (runoff formation)蓄满产流 runoff yield under saturated storage超渗产流 runoff yield under excess infiltration 下渗容量线(下渗曲线) infiltration capacity curve 初损 initial losses最大初损 maximum initial losses后损 later losses降雨径流关系图 rainfall-runoff relationship设计净雨量 design net rainfall基流 base flow汇流 concentration of flow河槽集流(河网集流) concentration of channel flow 单位线(时段单位线) unithydrograph瞬时单位线 instantaneous unithydrograph综合单位线 synthetic unithydrograph概化洪水过程线 simplified flood dydrograph径流 runoff径流 runoff地表径流 surface runoff地下径流 groundwater runoff径流深 runoff depth径流模数 runoff modulus径流系数 runoff coefficient多年平均年径流量 mean annual runoff设计年径流量 design anuual runoff设计年径流量年内分配 distribution of annual runoff within a year 洪水 flood设计洪水 design flood设计洪水标准 standard of design flood可能最大洪水 probable maximum flood (PMF)分期设计洪水 stage design flood施工设计洪水 design flood of construction period坝址洪水 flood at dam site入库洪水 flood into reservoir溃坝洪水 dambreak flood小流域设计洪水(小面积设计洪水) design flood of small catchment 泥沙sediment固体径流 sediment runoff含沙量 sediment charge (sediment concentration)输沙量 sediment runoff输沙率 sediment discharge平均输沙量 mean sediment runoff平均输沙率 mean sediment discharge水文预报 hydrological forecast水文预报 hydrolgocial forecast预见期 leading time短期水文预报 short term hydrological forecasting中、长期水文预报 mid and long term hydrological forecast 降雨径流的预报 rainfall runoff forecast洪水预报(洪水径流预报) flood forecast枯水预报(枯水径流预报) low flow forecast泥沙预报 sediment forecast水质预报 water quality forecast冰情预报 ice regime forecast封冻预报 freezing forecast解冻预报 ice break forecast水文模型 hydrological model确定性水文模型 determinate hydrological model随机性水文模型(非确定性水文模型) stochastic hydrological model 人类活动水文效应 hydrological response due to human activities。
水文测验术语和符号(中英文2003)
水文测验术语（GB/T50095-98）一、一般术语1.水文测验hydrometry2.水文勘测hydrologic reconnaissance3.水文遥感技术remote-sensing technology in hydrology4.水文空间技术space technology in hydrology5.水文核技术nuclear technology in hydrology6.全球定位系统global positioning system7.遥测telemetry8.驻测stationary gauging9.巡测tour gauging 10.间测intermittent gauging 11.检测test gauging12.校测corrective gauging 13.委托观测entrust gauging 14.水文仪器hydrologic instrument 15.直读仪器direct-reading instrument 16.自记仪器automatic-recording instrument17.遥测装置remote telemetry unit 18.传感器sensor 19.固态存贮器solid storage20.计数器counter 21.记录器recorder 22.显示器display unit23.平均无故障工作时间mean time between failures 24.相应水位equivalent stage二、水文站网术语1.水文测站hydrometric station2.基本站basic station3.辅助站auxiliary station4.专用站special station5.水文实验站hydrologic experimental station6.基准水文站bench mark hydrologic station7.水文气象站hydrometeorologic station8.巡测站tour gauging station 9.水文站gauging station 10.大河控制站main-stream control station 11.区域代表站regional representative station 12.小河站small-stream station13.河道站river station 14.水库站reservoir station 15.渠道站canal station16.湖泊站lake station 17.堰闸站weir and sluice station 18.水位站stage gauging station19.潮水位站（验潮站）tidal level station 20.水库水位站reservoir stage gauging station21.湖泊水位站lake stage gauging station 22.配套雨量站complete set rain gauging station23.雨量站（降水量站）rain gauging station (precipitation station) 24.雨量观测场rain observation yard25.水面蒸发站water surface evaporation station26.陆上水面蒸发场water surface evaporation yard on land27.漂浮水面蒸发场floating water surface evaporation yard28.水质站（水质监测站）water quality (monitoring) station 29.泥沙站sediment station30.地下水观测井observation well of groundwater 31.水文站网hydrologic network32.基本站网basic hydrologic network 33.流量站网streamflow gauging network34.雨量站网rain gauging network 35.水面蒸发站网water surface evaporation network36.水位站网stage gauging network 37.泥沙站网sediment gauging network38.水质站网water quality network 39.地下水观测井网groundwater observation well network 40.站网规划hydrologic network planning 41.水文分区hydrologic regionalization42.站网布设network layout 43.站网分析network analysis 44.站网检验network examination 45.站网优化network optimization 46.站网调整network adjustment 47.站网密度network density 48.现实密度real density 49.可用密度usable density 50.容许最稀站网minimum network51.设站年限station required age 52.水文信息hydrologic information53.水文效益hydrologic benefit三、测验基本设施及测量术语1.基面datum2.绝对基面（标准基面）absolute datum3.假定基面arbitrary datum4.测站基面station datum5.冻结基面stationary datum6.测站控制station control7.河槽控制channel control 8.断面控制section control 9.人工控制artificial control10.河底控制river bottom control 11.槛式控制sill control 12.测验河段measuring reach13.水流平面图flow plane map 14.水道地形图channel topographic map15.断面标志cross-section sign 16.断面桩cross-section stake 17.标志杆sign rod18.辐射杆radiation rod 19.基线base line 20.基线桩base line stake 21.水准点benchmark 22.基本水准点basic benchmark 23.校核水准点check benchmark24.临时水准点temporary benchmark 25.测验断面measuring cross-section26.基本水尺断面basic gauge cross-section 27.流速仪测流断面current-meter measuring cross-section 28.浮标测流断面float measuring cross-section 29.比降水尺断面slope measuring cross-section 30.辅助水尺断面secondary gauging cross-section 31.水文缆道hydrometric cableway32.临时测流断面temporary measuring cross-section 33.悬索缆道suspended cableway34.悬杆缆道suspended rod cableway 35.机动缆道motorized cableway36.手动缆道hand-operating cableway 37.主索main cable 38.循环索loop cable39.起重索suspension cable 40.水文缆车hydrometric cable car 41.水文测船hydrometric boat 42.吊船过河索cableway for anchoring boat 43.缆道测验仪cableway measuring device44.水文测桥hydrometric bridge 45.桥测车gauging vehicle on bridge46.水文巡测车tour gauging vehicle for hydrometry 47.水准测量leveling48.跨河水准测量river-crossing leveling 49.水尺零点测量survey of gauge zero50.控制测量control survey 51.高程控制测量vertical control survey52.平面控制测量horizontal control survey 53.导线测量traverse survey 54.三角测量triangulation 55.距离测量distance survey 56.河道观测river survey 57.地形测量topographic survey58.碎部测量detail survey 59.水下地形测量underwater topographic survey四、降水量、蒸发量观测及仪器设备术语1.降水量precipitation2.雨量rainfall3.积雪深度snow depth4.积雪密度snow density5.雪水当量water equivalent of snow6.降水历时precipitation duration7.降雨强度rainfall intensity 8.降水日数number of precipitation days 9.承水器raingauge receiver 10.降水量观测precipitation observation 11.雨量器raingauge 12.量杯measuring glass13.累积雨量器accumulative raingauge 14.雨量计rainfall recorder 15.雪量器snow gauge16.虹吸式雨量计siphon rainfall recorder 17.翻斗式雨量计tipping-bucket rainfall recorder18.长期雨量计long-term rainfall recorder 19.遥测雨量计telemetering rainfall recorder20.测雨雷达precipitation-monitoring radar 21.雨雪量计rain and snow recorder22.蒸发量evaporation 23.蒸发量观测evaporation observation 24.遮挡率screen ratio25.蒸发量折算系数reduction coefficient of evaporation 26.蒸发器evaporation pan27.小型蒸发器（蒸发皿）small evaporation pan 28.E-601型蒸发器evaporation pan of type E-601 29.漂浮蒸发器floating evaporation pan 30.蒸发计evaporimeter31.遥测蒸发计telemetering evaporimeter 32.散发量（蒸腾量）transpiration33.蒸散量evapotranspiration 34.蒸发能力evaporative capacity (potential evaporation)五、水位、水温、波浪观测及仪器设备术语1.水位观测stage observation2.水尺零点gauge zero3.最高水位maximum stage4.最低水位minimum stage5.平均水位mean stage6.水位变幅fluctuation range of stage7.比降观测slope observation 8.涨落率rate of rise and fall9.水面起伏度undulating range of surface 10.水温观测water temperature observation11.水温表water thermometer 12.波浪观测wave observation 13.波高wave height14.波长wave length 15.波峰wave crest 16.波谷wave trough 17.波陡wave steep18.测波仪wave meter 19.水尺gauge 20.直立水尺vertical gauge 21.倾斜水尺inclined gauge 22.悬锤水尺wire weight gauge 23.矮桩水尺stake gauge 24.测针水尺point gauge25.钩形水尺hook gauge 26.最高水位水尺crest stage gauge 27.校核水尺check gauge28.基本水尺basic gauge 29.辅助水尺auxiliary gauge 30.比降水尺slope gauge31.临时水尺temporary gauge 32.水尺零点高度elevation of gauge zero33.水尺读数gauge reading 34.水位计stage gauge 35.自记水位计stage recorder36.浮子式水位计float-type stage recorder 37.压力式水位计pressure-type stage recorder38.超声波水位计ultrasonic stage recorder 39.遥测水位计telemetering stage recorder40.接触式水位计contact-type stage recorder 41.远传水位计telecontrol stage recorder42.自记水位计台stage recorder installation 43.静水井stilling well六、水深、断面测量及仪器设备术语1.水深depth2.测得水深measured depth3.有效水深effective depth4.相对水深relative depth5.断面平均水深mean depth at across-section6.测深sounding7.测深垂线sounding vertical 8.测深杆sounding rod 9.测深锤sounding weight10.超声波测深仪（回声测深仪）ultrasonic sounder (echo sounder) 11.断面索tag line12.压力测深仪pressure sounder 13.铅鱼elliptic-type weight 14水面宽water surface width 15.起点距distance from initial point 16.河底高程river bed elevation 17.横断面cross-section 18.大断面possible maximum cross-section 19.过水断面wetted cross-section20.水道断面channel cross-section 21.断面面积cross-section area 22.部分面积segment area 23.纵断面longitudinal profile 24.深泓纵断面thalweg profile 25.拉偏索pull slanting cable26平均河底高程纵剖面mean channel bed elevation profile 27.干绳改正air line correction28.悬索偏角改正sounding line correction 29.湿绳改正wet line correction七、流速测验及仪器设备术语1.流速测量velocity measurement2.水面流速surface velocity3.测点流速velocity at a point4.最大测点流速maximum point velocity5.测速垂线velocity-measuring vertical6.垂线平均流速mean velocity at a vertical7.部分平均流速mean velocity at a segment8.断面平均流速mean velocity at a cross-section 9.浮标流速float velocity10.中泓流速midstream velocity 11.流速分布velocity distribution12.流速梯度velocity gradient 13.垂线流速分布vertical velocity distribution14.断面流速分布cross-section velocity distribution 15.测点流速系数point velocity coefficient 16.水面流速系数surface velocity coefficient 17.顺流downstream flow 18.逆流upstream flow 19.流速脉动velocity pulsation 20.中泓midstream 21.流向测量flow-direction measurement 22.断面平均流向mean flow direction at across-section 23.流向偏角oblique angle of flow direction 24.流向改正correction for flow direction 25.流向仪flow-direction meter26.流量测量discharge measurement 27.流量discharge 28.平均流量mean discharge29.精测法intensive method 30.常测法conventional method 31.简测法simplified method32.流速面积法velocity area method 33.流速仪法current-meter method34.积宽法width-integrating method 35.积深法depth-integrating method36.选点法point-integrating method 37.动船法moving boat method 38.单宽流量unit discharge 39.部分流量segment discharge 40.比降面积法slope area method 41.浮标法float method42.浮标系数float coefficient 43.水面浮标系数surface float coefficient 44.流速仪current-meter 45.中泓浮标系数midstream float coefficient 46.虚流量virtual discharge 47.体积法cubature 48.超声波测流法ultrasonic gauging method 49.电磁测流法electromagnetic gauging method50.转子式流速仪rotating-element current-meter 51.旋杯式流速仪cup-type current-meter52.旋桨式流速仪propeller-type current-meter 53.电磁流速仪electromagnetic current-meter54.电波流速仪electric wave current-meter 55.超声波剖面流速仪ultrasonic profile current-meter 56.多普勒流速仪Doppler current-meter 57.参证流速仪reference current-meter58.流量计flow meter 59.文杜里水流计Venturi flow meter 60.毕托管Pitot tube61.流速仪检定current-meter calibration 62.检定槽calibration tank 63.水面浮标surface float 64.检定车calibration carriage 65.浮标float 66.小浮标small float 67.双浮标double float 68.浮杆float-rod 69.中泓浮标midstream float 70.测杆wading rod 71.浮标投放器float thrower 72.涉水测流wading stream gauging 73.水面比降water surface slope 74.湿周wetted perimeter 75.最大（最小）流量maximum(minimum) discharge 76.水力半径hydraulic radius77.糙率roughness 78.流速测点velocity measuring point 79.相应水位equivalent stage80.流速历时velocity measuring duration 81.垂线流速系数vertical velocity coefficient八、建筑物测流及稀释法测流术语1.建筑物测流structure stream-gauging2.测流堰（量水堰）weir3.薄壁堰thin-plate weir4.三角形堰triangular notch weir5.矩形堰rectangular notch weir6.梯形堰trapezoidal notch weir7.实用堰short-crested weir8.宽顶堰broad-crested weir9.三角形剖面堰triangular-profile weir 10.平坦V形堰flat-V weir 11.复合堰compound weir 12.全宽堰full-width weir13.收缩堰contracted weir 14.测流槽（量水槽）flume 15.文杜里水槽V enturi flume16.临界水深水槽critical-depth flume 17.巴歇尔槽Parshall flume 18.堰体weir body19.堰高height of weir 20.堰顶高程elevation of weir crest 21.堰顶水头weir head22.水工建筑物测流flow measurement by hydraulic structure 23.闸门开启高度gate opening24.行进河槽approach channel 25.行进流速approach velocity 26.堰流weir flow27.流态flow regime 28.自由流free flow 29.淹没流submerged flow 30.临界流critical flow 31.半淹没流half-submerged flow 32.孔流sluice flow 33.淹没比submergence ratio34.淹没系数submergence coefficient 35.流速系数velocity coefficient 36.临界水深critical depth 37.流量系数discharge coefficient 38.收缩断面水深depth of vena contraction 39.水头head 40.垂线收缩系数coefficient of vertical contraction 41.水舌nappe 42.喉道throat43.稀释法测流dilution method for discharge measurement 44.示踪剂tracer 45.稀释比dilution ratio 46.标准溶液standard solution 47.背景浓度background concentration 48.混匀长度mixing length 49.等速注入法constant-rate injection method 50.取样断面sampling cross-section51.一次注入法（积分法）gulp injection method (integrating method)52.多点注入法multiple injection method 53.注入断面injection cross-section九、泥沙测验、泥沙颗粒分析及仪器设备术语1.泥沙测验sediment measurement2.断面平均含沙量mean sediment concentration at a cross-section3.测点含沙量sediment concentration at a point4.单样含沙量index sediment concentration5.垂线平均含沙量mean sediment concentration at a vertical6.推移质bed load7.相应单样含沙量equivalent index sediment concentration 8.悬移质suspended load9.悬移质输沙率suspended sediment discharge 10.全沙total load 11.河床质bed material12.悬移质输沙率测验suspended sediment discharge measurement 13.单样index sample14.推移质输沙率bed load discharge 15.单宽推移质输沙率bed load discharge per unit width 16.单样推移质输沙率index bed load discharge 17.含沙量sediment concentration18.推移质输沙率测验bed load discharge measurement 19.积深法depth-integrated method20.单断沙关系index-sectional sediment concentration relation 21.器测法sampling method22.全断面混合法cross-section mixing method 23.定比混合法fixed proportional mixing method 24.坑测法pit method 25.沙波法dune tracking method 26.床沙测验bed tracking measurement 27.照相法photographic method 28.打印法stamp pad method 29.推移质带动bed load moving strip 30.床沙采样器bed material sampler 31.悬移质采样器suspended sediment sampler32.瞬时式采样器instantaneous sampler 33.积时式采样器time-integrating sampler34.瓶式采样器bottled sampler 35.皮囊式采样器collapsible sampler36.泵式采样器pumping sampler 37.调压式采样器pressure adjustable sampler38.推移质采样器bed load sampler 39.河床质采样器bed material sampler40.网式采样器basket-type sampler 41.压差式采样器pressure-difference sampler42.进口流速系数intake velocity coefficient 43.泥沙颗粒分析particle size analysis44.同位素测沙仪radioisotope sediment concentration meter 45.采样效率sampling efficiency 46.光电测沙仪photoelectric sediment concentration meter 47.过滤法filtration method48.振动式测沙仪vibrational sediment concentration meter 49.水样处理sample processing50.烘干法oven-dry method 51.置换法displacement method 51.泥沙密度density of sediment 53.尺量法direct measurement method 54.称重法gravimetric method 55.筛分析法sieve analysis 56.粒径计法settling tube method 57.吸管法pipet method 58.消光法photosedimentation method 59.比重计法（密度计法）hydrometer method 60.离心沉降法centrifugal settling method61.水分析法analysis in still water 62.颗分仪器grain-size analysis meter 63.分析筛sieve64.沉降管sedimentation tube 65.粒径计settling tube meter 66.吸管pipet67.光电颗分仪photoelectric particle size meter 68.比重计（密度计）hydrometer69.泥沙沉降sediment settling 70.沉降速度fall velocity 71.平均沉速mean fall velocity72.絮凝flocculation 73.反凝剂deflocculation agent 74.粒径particle diameter（grain size）75.中数粒径median particle diameter 76.平均粒径mean particle diameter77.粒径组fraction of particle size 78.颗粒级配grain-size distribution79.颗粒级配曲线grain size distribution curve 80.单样颗粒级配index sample grain-size distribution81.垂线平均颗粒级配mean grain-size distribution in avertical82.断面平均颗粒级配mean grain-size distribution in across-section83.累积沙重百分数accumulated sediment weight percent 84.分沙器silt divider十、地下水观测及仪器设备术语1.地下水groundwater(subsurface water, subterranean water)2.隔水层impermeable strata3.地下水动态观测groundwater regime observation4.地下水位计groundwater stage gauge5.地下水动态要素elements of groundwater regime6.地下水天然动态natural groundwater regime7.地下水开采动态groundwater regime under exploitation8.透水层permeable strata9.地下水动态曲线hydrograph of groundwater element 10.地下水位water table (groundwater level) 11.地下水位下降速率decline rate of groundwater level 12.潜水埋深depth of phreatic water13.观测井（孔）固定点reference mark on observation well 14. 承压水confined water15.含水层aquifer 16.观测井（孔）observation well of groundwater 17.潜水phreatic water level 18.潜水位phreatic water level 19.承压水顶板埋深depth of confined water20.承压水头height of confined water 21.抽水试验pumping test 22.单井开采量individual well yield 23.地下水开采量groundwater yield 24.地下水均衡场balance plot of groundwater十一、水质监测及采样仪器设备术语1.水质water quality2.水质监测water quality monitoring3.流动监测movable monitoring4.自动监测automatic monitoring5.生物监测biological monitoring6.混合样mixed sample7.污染源调查pollution source survey 8.采样断面sampling cross-section 9.底质substratum 10.对照断面check cross-section 11.控制断面control cross-section 12.离子含量ion concentration 13.削减断面attenuation cross-section 14.水质本底water quality background 15痕迹量minor value 16.离子总量total ion concentration 17.离子流量ion discharge 18.检出率detection rate19.超标率over-limit rate 20.未检出nonreadout 21.水质标准water quality standard22.水质评价water quality evaluation 23.分析质量控制analysis quality control 24.回收率recovery 25.便携式水质监测仪portable water quality monitor 26.水样保存water-sample preservation27.水质自动检测系统automatic water quality analyzing system28.卫星水质遥测系统remote-measuring system of water quality by satellite29.溶解气体采样器dissolved gases sampler十二、冰情观测及仪器设备术语1.冰凇rime ice2.微冰slight ice3.岸冰border ice(shore ice)4.冰花尺frazil slush ruler5.冰花frazil slush (slush ice; sludge)6.冰花密度density of frazil slush7.流冰花slush ice run8.冰花折算系数adjustment facter of frazil slush9.流冰ice run 10.水内冰submerged ice11.冰流量ice discharge 12.流冰疏密度ice run concentration 13.敞露水面宽open-water width 14.冰盖ice cover 15.封冻freeze-up 16.封冻日期freeze-up date 17.水侵冰厚depth of immersed ice 18.量冰尺ice ruler 19.冰上雪深depth of snow on ice 20.层冰层水ice-water alternating layers 21.锚冰anchor ice 22.青沟lead 23.连底冻freezing through 24.冰塞ice jam 25.冰坝ice dam 26.岸边融冰ice melting by shore 27.冰滑动ice creep 28.冰情观测ice-regime observation 29.固定点冰厚测量fixed-pointice thickness measurement 30.初冰日期first-ice date31.冰情目测visual observation of ice regime 32.冰情符号ice code 33.解冻ice break-up34.解冻日期break-up date 35.残冰堆积ice ledge 36.冰期ice period 37.终冰日期end ice date 38.封冰期freezing period (duration of ice cover) 39.封冻历时freeze-up duration40.冰花厚thickness of frazil slush 41.冰网ice basket 42.冰花采样器sampler of frazil slush 43.冰钻ice drill 44.冰厚仪ice thickness meter十三、潮汐河观测术语1.潮汐tide2.潮流tidal current3.月中天transit4.潮汐日tidal day5.潮汐周期tidal cycle6.潮汐河流（潮水河）tidal river7.潮流界tidal current limit8.潮区界tidal limit9.大潮spring tide 10期interval from low (high) water 11涨（落）潮flood (ebb) tide 12小潮neap tide13（低）潮位high (low) water level 14高（低）潮间隙high(low) water lunitidal interval15.涨（落）潮历时duration of rise (fall)16.涨（落）潮潮差flood (ebb) tide range17.涨（落）潮流flood (ebb) current 18.憩流slack tide 19.潮流期interval of tidal current20.潮流量tidal discharge 21.涨（落）潮流历时duration of flood (ebb) current 22.潮汐曲线marigram 23.涨（落）潮量flood (ebb) tide volume 24.潮流总量sum of tidal volume 25.潮汐表tidal table 26.潮水位观测（验潮）tidal level observation 27.验潮仪tidal gauge 28.代表潮representative tide 29.潮水河测验hydrologic observation of tidal river 30.潮流量tidal discharge31.全潮流量测验discharge measurement of tidal day 32.潮流曲线tidal current curve33.潮流表tidal current table 34.等深点流速改正法revisedisobath-velocity method35.负波高negative wave height36.流速过程线改正法revised velocity- hydrograph method37有效潮差significant tidal range十四、水库水文测验术语1.水库水文测验hydrometry for reservoir2.坝上水位stage at dam front3.库区水位stage in reservoir region4.水位淤积量reservoir sedimentation survey5.水位淤积测量reservoir sedimentation survey6.淤积物密度density of sedimentation7.异重流density current 8.水库渗漏量reservoir leakage 9.水库蓄水量reservoir storage10.水库蓄水变量variation of reservoir storage 11.蓄水量变率rate of storage change12.库容曲线stage-capacity curve 13.入库水量reservoir inflow 14.出库水量reservoir outflow15.水库供水reservoir water supply 16.水库弃水surplus water released from reservoir17.水库蓄水变率rate of reservoir storage change 18.地形法method of topographic survey19断面法method of cross-section survey 20.淤积形态morphology of reservoir deposition21.淤积三角洲sedimentation delta 22.异重流测验density-current measurement23.塌岸观测bank caving observation十五、水文调查术语1.水文调查hydrological investigation2.流域调查basin investigation3.水系调查hydrographic net investigation4.水工程调查water-project investigation5.水环境调查water environmental investigation6.水量调查water-quantity investigation7.测站常规调查normal investingation of hydrometric station 8.暴雨调查storm investigation9.洪水调查flood investigation 10.洪痕flood marks 11.枯水调查low water investigation12.水面曲线法water surface profile method 13.历史洪水调查historical flood investigation14.溃坝洪水调查dam=break flood investigation 15.积雪调查snow-cover investigation16.固定点洪水调查fixed point flood investigation 17.枯水调查low-flow investigation18.泉水调查spring investigation 19.岩溶地区水文调查hydrologic investigation in karst areas 20.实际地表集水面积actual surface collecting area 21.交换水量exchange water22.沙量调整silt-quantity investigation 23.水质调查water quality investigation24.调查区investigation zone 25.洪峰流量peak discharge 26.洪水总量flood volume十六、水文实验研究术语1.代表流域representative basin 2实验流域experimental basin 3.径流场runoff plot4.蒸发池evaporation tank5.土壤蒸发器soil evaporimeter6.蒸散器evapotranspirometer7.蒸渗仪lysimeter 8.土壤水soil water 9.土壤含水量soil moisture content10.土壤含水率percentage of soil moisture content 11.中子测水仪neutron moisture gauge12.水文实验研究experimental research in hydrology 13.地下水均衡场groundwater balance plot 14农田蒸发器evaporator for agricultural land 15.抽水试验pumping test16.注水试验injection test 17.入渗试验infiltration test 18.土壤水观测soil-water observation 19.潜水蒸发试验phreatic water evaporation test 20.土壤水分测定仪soil-moisture content analyzer 21.土壤张力计soil tensiometer 22.微波土壤湿度计microwave soil hygrometer23.土壤温度计soil temperature meter 24.河床演变观测fluvial processes observation十七、水文资料整编及检验术语1.水文资料hydrological data2.原始资料raw data3.实测资料observed data4.调查资料investigation data5.测站沿革hydrometric station evolution6.站年station year7.测站特性station properties 8.测站分布图station distribution map 9.平均值mean value10.水文资料整编hydrological data processing 11.水位流量关系stage-discharge relation12.定线determination of the relation curve 13.水文资料插补hydrologic data interpolation14.水文资料改正hydrologic data correction 15.电算整编processing by computer16.测站考证station examination 17.极值extreme value 18.加权平均法weighted mean method 19.河干river of zero flow 20流（流量推算）estimation of discharge 21过程线hydrograph 22.水文过程线hydrograph 23.水文综合过程线synthetic hydrograph 24.等值线isopleth25.分布曲线distribution curve 26.水文特征值hydrologic characteristic value 27.径流量runoff 28.水文资料插补hydrological data Interpolation 29.关系曲线延长extension of the relation curve 30.径流总量total runoff 31.径流深度runoff depth 32.径流模数runoff modulus33.径流系数runoff coefficient 34.洪峰flood peak 35.洪峰流量peak discharge36.洪水总量flood volume 37.水位流量关系stage-discharge relation 38.落差法fall method 39.稳定水位流量关系stable stage-discharge erelation 40.单一曲线法single-curve method41.不稳定水位流量关系unstable stage-discharge erelation 42.临时曲线法temporary-curve method 43.过渡曲线法transition curve 44.校正因数法adjusting factor method 45.绳套曲线loop curve 46.等落差法equal fall method 47 .涨落比例法fluctuating rate method 48.流率表rating table 49.正常落差法normal fall method 50.特征河长法characteristic river length method51.定落差法constant fall method 52.落差指数法fall exponent method53.改正水位法correcting stage method 54.改正系数法correcting coefficient method55.冰底高程流量关系法elevation of ice bottom and discharge relation method56.连时序法chronological method 57.流量过程线法discharge hydrograph method58.潮汐要素法tidal factor relation method 59.定潮汐要素法constant tidal factor relation method 60.合轴相关法coaxial correlation method 61.关系曲线延长extension of relation curve62.一潮推流法method of discharge computation for asingle tide 63.抽样检验sampling inspection 64.水位流量关系单值化处理single-valued processing of stage-discharge relation 65.误差error 66.单断沙关系index and cross-section average sediment concentration relation 67.方差variance68.单断沙关系曲线法index and cross-section average sediment concentration relation curve method69.水位单断沙比关系曲线法stage versus ratio of index and cross-section average sediment concentration relation curve method 70.洪水水文要素摘录selected elements of flood data71.单断沙比过程线法hydrograph method of index and cross-section average sediment concentration ratio 72.单样过程线法hydrograph method of index sediment concentration 73.精密度precision74.流量输沙率关系曲线法discharge and sediment discharge relation curve method75.单断推关系曲线法index and cross-sectoin average bed load diacharge relation curve method76.水力因素关系曲线法bed load discharge and hydraulic factors relation curve method77.单断颗关系index and cross-section average sediment grading relation 78.输沙量sediment runoff 79.断流水位stage of zero flow 80.年（月）平均输沙量yearly (monthly) mean sediment discharge 81.年（月）平均含沙量yearly (monthly) mean sediment concentration 82.系统误差systematic error 83.输沙模数sediment runoff modulus 84.离子径流量ion runoff 85.标准差standard deviation 86.合理性检查rational examination of data 87.表面统一检查general consistency check88.随机误差（偶然误差）random error 89.准确度accuracy 90.不确定度uncertainty91.随机不确定度（偶然不确定度）random uncertainty 92.系统不确定度systematic uncertainty 93.统计检验statistical test 94.统计量statistic 95.原假设（零假设）null hypothesis96.备择假设（对立假设）alternative hypothesis 97.拒绝域critical region 98.符号检验mark test 99.可接受域acceptable region 100.适线检验curve fitting test 101.偏离数值检验deviation-data test 102.学生氏检验（t检验）student’s test 103.自由度degree of freedom 104.置信水平confidence level 105.显著性水平significance level 106.水文资料库（水文数据库）hydrological data bank107.随机变量的概率分布probability distribution of a random variable108.水文年鉴water year-book 109.电算整编processing by computer十八、水文测验误差术语1.真值true value2.测量值（实测值）measured value3.最或然值most probable value4.误差error5.绝对误差absolute error 9.相对误差relative error 10.系统误差systematic error11.随机误差（偶然误差）random error 12.允许误差permissible error 13.平均误差mean error 14.最大误差（极限误差）maximum error 15.伪误差（粗差）spurious 16.方差variance17.标准差standard deviation 18.相对标准差relative standard deviation 19.平差adjustment 20.离差（偏差）deviation 21.闭合差closure error 22.精确度（总精度）accuracy 23.精密度precision 24.准确度correctness 25.不确定度uncertainty 26.随机不确定度random uncertainty27.系统不确定度systematic uncertainty 28.总不确定度synthetic uncertainty29.显著性水平significance level 30.置信水平（置信概率）confidence level31.误差分布error distribution 32.随机误差概率分布probability distribution33.正态分布（高斯分布）normal distribution 34.学生氏分布（t分布）student’s distributiong 35.误差传播error propagation 36.误差综合error synthesis 37.误差估算error estimate38.方和根法square root of the sum of aquare method 39.误差控制（质量控制）error control 40.仪器设备误差instrument and equipment error 41.环境误差environmental error42.人为误差human error 43.方法误差methodological error 44.计算误差calculating error45.流速脉动误差（I型误差）velocity pulsation error46.测点抽样误差（II型误差）measuring point sampling error47.垂线抽样误差（III型误差）measuring vertical sampling error十九、水文数据库1.数据库data base2.分布式数据库distributed type data base2.集中式数据库concentrated type data base 4.网络式数据库network type data base5.层次数据库laminarization data base6.关系数据库relation data base7.数据模型data modal 8.关系数据模型relation data model9.层次数据模型laminarization data model 10.网状数据模型network data model11.数据量data bulk 12.结点node 13.数据处理data processing 14.数据存贮data storage 15.数据检索data retrieval 16.数据输入data input 17.数据输出data output18.数据库文件data base file 19.水文数据库hydrologic data base20.水文基本数据库hydrologic basic data base 21.水文专用数据库special data base in hydrology 22.测站代码hydrometric station code 23.地理信息系统geographic information system上述英文术语摘录自下列文献：中华人民共和国国家标准水文基本术语和符号标准（GB/T50095-98）主编单位：中华人民共和国水利部批准部门：中华人民共和国建设部施行日期：1999年5月1日。
水文中英术语
水文基本术语和符号标准Standard for essential technical terms andsymbols in hydrology水 water水圈 hydrospherebody水体 waterscience水科学 water水文学 hydrologyhydrology陆地水文学 landhydrology应用水文学 applied工程水文学 engineeringhydrologywater地表水 surface地下水 groundwatervapour水汽 waterelements水文要素 hydrologic降水 precipitation蒸发 evaproration径流 runoff水位 stage流速 velocity流量 dischargeconcentration 含沙量 sedimentdischarge输沙率 sedimenttemperature 水温 waterrun冰凌 icequality水质 water下垫面 underlyingsurfaceregime水文情势 hydrologic水文效应 hydrologiceffectcycle水文循环（水循环） hydrologicbalance水量平衡 waterbalance热量平衡 heatbalance盐量平衡 salt大气水汽含量atmospheric water vapour content大气水汽输送atmospheric water vapour transport水汽输送通量atmospheric water vapour flux雨 rainarea降雨面积 rainfalldistribution降雨分布 rainfallseason雨季 rainy雪 snowcover积雪 snowsnow初雪 first终雪 latestsnow融雪 snowmelt雹（冰雹） hail截留 interceptiondetention 填洼 depressiondetention地面滞留 surfaceland陆面蒸发（总蒸发） evaporationof水面蒸发evaporation of water surface土壤蒸发evaporation from soil散发（植物蒸腾） transpirationcapability蒸发能力 evaporation下渗（入渗） infiltrationinfiltration稳渗 steadycapability下渗能力 infiltrationrunoff河川径流 river降雨径流rain fall runoffrunoff暴雨径流 storm融雪径流 snowmelt runoff枯季径流dry season runoffflow基流 base洪水 floodflood暴雨洪水 stormflood冰凌洪水（凌汛） ice冰雪洪水 ice-snowfloodmelt雨雪混合洪水rain and snowmelt floodflood山洪 flashflood溃坝洪水 dam-breakcirculation 大气环流 atmosphericsituation天气形势（环流形势） weatherprocess天气过程 weathersystem天气系统 weather行星尺度天气系统planetary scale weather system天气尺度天气系统synoptic weather system中小尺度天气系统meso and micro-scale weather systemsurge风暴潮 stormcenter风景中心 stormtrough西风槽 westerlywave东风波 easterly低压槽 trough高压脊 ridge副热带高压 subtropichighhigh阻塞高压 blocking低空急流 low-leveljet低涡 vortex反气旋（高压） anticyclone气旋（低压） cyclone热带气旋 tropiccyclone热带低压 tropic depressionstorm热带风景 tropicstormtropic强热带风景 severe台风 typhoon气团 airmass锋（锋面） front天气 weather气象 meteorology气候 climateregionalization 气候区划 climaticzone气候带 climaticchange气候变化 climatic小气候 microclimatezone热带 tropiczone副热带（亚热带） subtropiczone温带 extratropiczone寒带 frigid季风 monsoon梅雨（霉雨） plumrains暴雨 stormrain阵雨 showery地形雨 orographicrainrain台风雨 typhoon热带气旋雨rainfall in tropic cyclone雷暴 thunderstormeffect温室效应 greenhousepicture卫星云图 satellitecloudpressure气压（大气压强） atmosphericpressure海平面气压 sea-leveltemperature气温 airtemperature 地温 groundtemperature湿球温度 wet-bulb湿度 humidity水汽压 vapourpressurevapourpressure 饱和水汽压 saturationhumidity绝对湿度 absolutehumidity相对湿度 relativedeficit饱和差 saturationhumidity比湿 specific风 winddirection风向 windspeed风速 wind蒲福风级Beaufort wind scale露 dewpoint露点 dew雾 fog霜 frostpoint霜点 frostfrost初霜 firstfrost终霜 latest霜冻 frostabiteperiod无霜期 frost-free(basin)流域 watershed流域面积（集水面积） drainageareabasin闭合流域 enclosedbasin不闭合流域 non-enclosed闭流区（内流区）blind drainage area分水线（分水岭） dividecharacteristics流域特征 basin流域几何特征basin geometric characteristics流域长度 basinlength流域平均高程basin elevation meanmeanwidth流域平均宽度 basin流域平均坡度basin slope mean流域不对称系数coefficient of basin nonsymmetric流域面积增长率growth ration of drainage area流域自然地理特征physiographic characteristic of basinnet水系（河系） hydrographicnetwork 人工河网 artificialdrainagedensity河网密度 drainagechannel明渠 open河流 river河源 headwaters冲沟 gully溪流 brook支流 tributarystream干流 main分支 forkchannel 串沟 bifurcation运河 canalriver外流河 exorheicriver内陆河 endorheicchannel减河 relief河道复流（河道再生） resurgencestream常年河 perennialstream间歇河（时令河） intermittentstream悬河（地上河） elevatedriver夺流河（断头河） capturedstream盈水河 gainingstream亏水河 losingstream暴洪河流 flashyriver地下暗河（地下河） undergroundriver界河 boundaryriver国际河流 internationalriver废河道（古河道） dead岸 bankbank左岸 leftbank右岸 rightbank凹岸 concavebank凸岸 convexwall岸壁 landline水边线（岸线） water堤防 leveelength河长 river河弯 riverbend弯曲率 tortuositychannel 航道 navigable河段 reach上游 upstream中游 midstream下游 downstreamreach控制河段 controlreach顺直河道 straightreach弯曲河段 bentreach扩散河段 expandingreach收缩河段 convergingreach游荡河段 wanderingreach感潮河段 tidalcutoff裁弯取直 channel河槽（河床） channelchannel稳定河槽 stable不稳定河槽（冲淤河槽） unstablechannelchannel主槽 mainchannel单式河槽 single复式河槽 compoundchannelcross-section河道横断面 river河道纵断面 riverprofilelongitudinalcharacteristics 断面特性 cross-section河床形态 channelmorphology浅滩 shoal急滩 cataract河漫滩 floodplain三角洲 deltaisland江心洲 channelbar潜洲 submergedpool深潭 deep水力学 hydraulicschannelhydraulics明渠水力学 open水静力学 hydrostatics水动力学 hydrodynamicsflowchannel明渠水流 openflow恒定流 steadyflow非恒定流 unsteadyflow均匀流（等速流） uniform非均匀流（变速流）non –uniform flowflow急流 supercriticalflow缓流 subcriticalcurrent异重流（密度流） densityflow临界流 criticaldepth临界水深 criticalvelocity临界流速 criticaldischarge临界流量 critical水头 headhead位置水头（位能） elevationhead压强水头（压能） pressurehead流速水头（动能） velocityhead有效水头 effectiveloss水头损失 head沿程水头损失frictional head lossloss局部水头损失 localhead比降 slope能面比降 energyslopeslope水面比降 surfaceslope摩阻比降 frictionslope附加比降（加速比降） addslope河道比降（河床比降） channel水面横比降transverse slope of water surfaceslope倒比降 inverse总水头线total head linesurfaceprofile 水面线 water糙率 roughness谢才系数 chezy coefficient谢才公式 chezy formulaformula曼宁公式 manningfactor输水系数（输水率） conveyancejump水跃 hydraulic水舌 nappecurve回水曲线（壅水曲线） backwaternumber弗汝德数 froudenumber雷诺数 reynoldsnumber韦伯数 weberfactor水力因素 hydraulicperimeter 湿周 wetted水力半径 hydraulic radius宽深比 width-depthratio中泓线midstream of channel深泓线 thalweg落差 fall瀑布 waterfall波浪 wavewave驻波 standingwave移动波 translationdynamics河流动力学 riversediment河流泥沙 river泥沙特性property of sedimenterosion土壤侵蚀 soilerosion水力侵蚀 watererosion山洪侵蚀 torrential流域侵蚀 basinerosion流域产沙量watershed sediment yieldload全沙 totalload悬移质 suspendedload推移质 bedmaterial床沙 bedload床沙质 bedmaterial冲泻质 washload河流泥沙运动sediment transport in river泥沙起动incipient motion of sediment起动流速 competentvelocitydischarge造床流量 dominant泥沙密度density of sediment高含沙水流flow with hyperconcentration of sedimentflow泥石流 debris水流挟沙能力sediment transport capacity of flowprocess河床演变 fluvial冲刷 scour淤积 sedimentationbalance沙量平衡 sedimenttransport泥沙办理移 sediment浆河现象sediment delivery ratio揭河底现象tearing of river bedquality天然水质 naturalwater水化学 hydrochemistrysolids溶解性总固定 totaldissolvedconcentration离子含量 ionconcentration离子总量 totaliondischarge离子流量 ion矿化度 mineralcontent盐度 salinityvaluePH值 pH碱度 alkalinity酸度 acidityrain酸雨 acidconductivity电子率 electric浑浊度（浊度） turbidity总需氧量total oxygen demandoxygen溶解氧 dissolveddemand需氧量 oxygendemand 生化需氧量 biochemicaloxygen化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand硬度 hardnesshardness碳酸盐硬度（暂时硬度） carbonatehardness非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度） non-carbonatewater硬水 hardwater软水 softregime冰情 icestream结冰河流 ice-frozenstream封冻河流 freeze-up稳定封冻河流stable freeze-up stream非稳定封冻河流unstable freeze-up streamperiod结冰期 ice-frozen初生冰 initialicespicule冰针 iceice冰凇 rimeice圆扁冰 pan-cakeslush冰花 frazilice岸冰 border初生岸冰initial border ice固定岸冰 fixediceborderice 冲积岸冰 agglomeratedborder再生岸冰regenerative border iceborderice残余岸冰 residualice雪冰 slushice水内冰 underwater冰屑 shugaboundary冰底边 icebasereef冰礁 ice冰桥 icebridgerunice流冰花 slushice浮冰 floatingice锚冰 anchorperiod封冻期 freeze-up封冻（封河） freeze-upfreeze-up平封 flat立封 uprightfreeze-up 冰盖 ice cover连底冻grounded ice cover冰丘 icemound封冻冰缘ice edge of freeze-up清沟 lead初生清沟 primaryleadlead再生清沟 secondary冰花路毡sludge road felt冰上覆雪 snow cover over iceridge冰脊 ice冰缝 crackpack悬冰 ice冰准 icejam冰塞 aufeis冰上结冰 break-upperiod解冻期color change of ice cover冰变色color change of ice cover冰上冒水 upwellingwatermeltof冰上有水 accumulation层冰层水ice cover with intercalated water layers融冰 thawing冰层塌陷ice sheet depressionicecover冰层浮起 floating冰滑动dislodging of ice cover解冰（开河） break-up文开河 tranquilbreak-upbreak-up武开河 violent流冰 icerunpackice流冰堆积 driftingdam冰坝 iceaccumulationice残冰堆积 residual潮汐 tidelevel潮位（潮水位） tidaltide涨潮 flood落潮 ebbtidetide高潮 high低潮 lowtidetide平潮 dead涨潮潮差flood tidal range落潮潮差ebb tidal range高潮间隙high lunitidal interval低潮间隙low lunitidal intervalinequality日潮不等 diurnal月中天 lunartransitforcegeneration引潮天 tidaltide天文潮 astronomictide气象潮 meteorologiccycle潮汐周期 tidaltide半日潮 semidiurnaltide全日潮 diurnaltide混合潮 mixedtide大潮 spring小潮 neaptidetide中潮 moderateday太阴日 lunartideof潮期 duration涨潮历时duration of tidal rise落潮历时duration of tidal fallcurrent潮流 tidal涨潮流flood tidal current落潮流ebb tidal currenttide憩流 slackvelocity潮流速 tidalcurrent往复流 reversing旋转流 rotarycurrent潮流期duration of tidal current涨潮流历时duration of flood current落潮流历时duration of ebb current涌潮 bore河口 estuaryhydrology河口水文 estuarine河口水流 estuarineflowtide河口潮汐 estuarine河口演变fluvial processes of estuarybar拦门沙 estuarinedelta河口三角洲 estuarineflat滩涂（海涂） tidalhydrology地下水水文学 groundwater水文地质学 hydrogeologydynamics地下水动力学 groundwatersystem地下水系统 groundwater地下水流域drainage basin of groundwaterdivide地下水分水岭 groundwater地下水动态 groundwater regimebalance地下水均衡 groundwatermovement地下水运动（渗流） groundwatermodel地下水模型 groundwaterstorage地下水储量 groundwaterreservoir地下水水库 groundwaterrunoff地下水径流 groundwater地下水流速velocity of groundwater flow地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）hydraulic gradient of groundwater地下水等水位线图water-table contour map含水层 aquiferseriesrock含水岩系 water-contentformationrock含水岩组 water-content含水岩性water-content rock propertymedium含水介质 water-bearing均匀介质 homogeneousmediummedium非均匀介质 inhomogeneousboundary含水层边界 aquifer透水边界 permeableboundaryboundary隔水边界 confiningboundary弱透水边界 aquitardbed透水层 permeablebed隔水层 confining弱透水层 aquitardparameters 水文地质参数 hydrogeological渗透系数 permeabilitycoefficient 导水系数（释水系数）coefficient of transmissivity贮水系数 storativity水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）coefficient of water table conductivity压力传导系数coefficient of pressure conductivitycoefficient越流系数 leakageindex延迟指数 delay影响半径 influenceradius补给带宽度range of recharge zone水位削减值drawdown value interference分子扩散系数coefficient of molecular diffusion机械弥散系数（水力弥散系数）coefficient of mechanical dispersion水动力弥散系数coefficient of hydrodynamiczone包气带 aerationzone饱和层 saturatedwater土壤水 soilwater结合水 boundwater吸着水 absorbedwater薄膜水 pellicularwater上层滞水 perchedwater渗入水 infiltrationwater凝结水 condensationwater毛管水 capillary毛管上升高度height of capillary rise毛管压力水头capillary pressure headcontentmoisture土壤含水量 soilcontentmoisture饱和含水量（全持水量） saturatedcoefficient 饱和度 saturationpotentialwater土水势 soilcapacity 持水度 water-holdingconstantsmoisture土壤水分常数 soil土壤吸湿系数absorption coefficient of soil moisturecoefficient 调萎系数 wiltingcapacity田间持水量 field毛管断裂含水量moisture content at capillary rupture最大分子吸水量maximum molecular moisture content零通量面法zero flux plane methodwater 潜水 phreaticrecharge降水入渗补给 precipitation降水入渗补给系数coefficient of precipitation rechargerecharge 地表水补给 surfacewaterrecharge 凝结水补给 condensationrecharge侧向补给 lateral越流补给 leakagerechargecoefficient of groundwaterrecharge灌溉补给系数 irrigation潜水蒸发phreatic water evaporation潜水蒸发临界深度critical depth of phreatic water evaporation潜水溢出量phreatic water overflow to surface潜水位phreatic water level潜水埋深buried depth of phreatic water levelofphreatic water aquifer潜水含水层厚度 thicknesswater重力水 gravityyield给水度 specificwater 承压水 confinedbedconfining隔水顶板 upperbed 隔水底板 lowconfining承压含水层厚度thickness of confined aquifer承压水头confined water headwell自流水井 artesian含水层天窗skylight of upper confining bedwater孔隙水 poreaquifer孔隙含水层 porous孔隙＿裂隙含水层 pore-fissureaquiferporosity有效孔隙度 effectivewater裂隙水 fissureaquifer裂隙含水层 fissuredratio裂隙度 fissure岩溶（喀斯特） karstwater岩溶水 karstcave溶洞 karstaquifer岩溶含水层 karst泉 springspring 温泉 thermalspring 矿泉 mineral湖泊 lakelake外流湖 exorheiclake内流湖 endorheiclake淡水湖 freshlake咸水湖 saltlake盐湖 salinelake季节性湖泊 seasonallake富营养湖泊 eutrophiclake贫营养湖泊 poornutrientcurrent湖流 lake梯度流 gradientcurrent漂流current of frictionwave湖浪 lake湖浙波漾（假潮） lakeseichedenivellationwind湖泊增减水 lakeresources湖泊资源 lakeratio湖泊率 lake湖泊补给系数recharge coefficient of lake湖泊换水周期lake residence periodbasin湖盆 lake湖面高程elevation of water level in lake岛屿率 insulositylayering湖泊分层 lake正温层direct thermal stratification逆温层inverse thermal stratification湖泊形态参数morphometric parameter of lakearea湖泊面积 lake湖泊容量 storagelakeoflake湖泊长度 lengthofoflake湖泊宽度 width湖泊最大深度maximum depth of lake湖泊平均深度mean depth of lake湖泊岸线长度length of lake shoreline湖泊岸线发育系数development coefficient of lake shoreline水库 reservoir水库特征水位characteristic water of reservoirstorage 库容 reservoirstorage静库容 stillstorage动库容（楔形库容） dynamiccurve 库容曲线 state-capacity水库特征库容characteristic storages of reservoirseepage水库渗漏 reservoir水库淤积 reservoirsedimentation水库诱发地震reservoir induced earthquake水库拦沙效率sediment trap efficiency of reservoir沼泽 miremire潜育沼泽 not-peatmire泥炭泽 peat低位沼泽（富营养沼泽）low level mirelevelmire高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽） mainmire中位沼泽（中营养沼泽） mediumlevelhydrology沼泽水文 miremireofbalance沼泽水量平衡 waterwater沼泽水 mireevaporation沼泽蒸发 mirerunoff沼泽径流 mire沼泽表面流surface flow of mire沼泽表层流surface layer flow of mire沼泽含水性moisture property of mire沼泽特水性water retention of miremire沼泽透水性 perviousnessofratio沼泽率 mire冰川 glacierglacier山地冰川（山岳冰川） mountainglacier谷冰川 valley宽尾冰川 broad-tailglacierglacier冰斗冰川 cirqueglacier悬冰川 hangingglacier贯通冰川（山麓冰川） penetratingfield冰原 ice冰川平衡线equilibrium line of glacierline雪线 snowarea消融区 ablationarea堆积区 accumulationvariations冰川变化 glacierflow冰川运动 glacier雪崩 avalanche冰雪融水径流 ice-snowrunoffmelt水文测验 hydrometryreconnaissance 水文勘测 hydrologic水文遥感技术remote-sensing technology in hydrology水文空间技术space technology in hydrology水文核技术nuclear technology in hydrology全球定位系统global positioning system遥测 telemetrygauging驻测 stationarygauging巡测 tourgauging间测 intermittentgauging检测 testgauging校测 correctivegauging委托观测 entrustinstrument水文仪器 hydrologicinstrument直接仪器 direct-readinginstrument 自记仪器 automatic-recording遥测装置remote telemetry unit传感器 sensorstorage固态存贮器 solid计数器 counter记录器 recorderunit显示器 display平均无故障工作时间mean time between failuresstage相应水位 equivalentstation水文测站 hydrometricstation基本站 basicstation辅助站 auxiliarystation专用站 special水文实验站hydrologic experimental station基准水文站bench mark hydrologic stationstation水文气象站 hydrometeorologicstationgauging巡测站 tourstation水文站 gauging大河控制站main-stream control station区域代表站regional representative stationstation小河站 small-streamstation河道站 riverstation水库站 reservoirstation渠道站 canal湖泊站 lakestation堰闸站weir and sluice stationstation水位站 stagegauginglevelstation湖水位站（验潮站） tidal水库水位站reservoir stage gauging station湖泊水位站lake stage gauging stationstationgauging雨量站（降水量站） rain配套雨量站complete set rain gauging stationyard雨量观测场 rainobservation水面蒸发站water surface evaporation station陆上水面蒸发场water surface evaporation yard on land漂浮水面蒸发场floating water surface evaporation yardstation水抩站（水质监测站） waterqualitystation泥沙站 sediment地下水观测井observation well of groundwater水文站网 hydrologicnetworkhydrologicnetwork基本站网 basic流量站网streamflow gauging networknetwork雨量站网 raingauging水面蒸发站网water surface evaporation network水位站网 stagenetworkgauging泥沙站网sediment gauging networknetwork水质站网 wagerquality地下水观测井网groundwater observation well networkplanningnetwork站网规划 hydrologicregionalization 水文分区 hydrologiclayout站网布设 networkanalysis站网分析 networkexamination站网检验 networkoptimization站网优化 networkadjustment站网调整 networkdensity站网密度 networkdensity现实密度 realdensity可用密度 usablenetwork容许最稀站网 minimum设站年限station required ageinformation水文信息 hydrologicbenefit水文效益 hydrologic基面 datumdatum绝对基面（标准基面） absolutedatum假定基面 arbitrarydatum测站基面 stationdatum冻结基面 stationarycontrol测站控制 stationcontrol河槽控制 channelcontrol断面控制 sectioncontrol人工控制 artificial槛式控制river bottom controlcontrol测验河段 sill水流平面图flow plane mapmap水道地形图 channeltopographicsign断面标志 cross-sectionstake断面桩 cross-sectionrod标志杆 signrod辐射杆 radiationline基线 basestake基线桩 baseline水准点 benchmark基本水准点 basicbenchmarkbenchmark核准水准点 checkbenchmark临时水准点 temporary测验断面 measuringcross-section基本水尺断面basic gauge cross-sectionmeasuring cross-section流速仪测流断面 current-metercross-sectionmeasuring浮标测流断面 floatcross-section比降水尺断面 slopemeasuring辅助水尺断面secondary gauging cross-sectioncross-sectionmeasuring临时测流断面 temporarycableway水文缆道 hydrometriccableway悬索缆道 suspended悬杆缆道suspended rod cablewaycableway机动缆道 motorizedcableway手动缆道 hand-operatingcable主索 maincable循环索 loopcable起重索 suspension水文缆车hydrometric cable car吊船过河索cableway for anchoring boatdevicemeasuring缆道测验仪 cablewayboat水文测船 hydrometricbridge水文测桥 hydrometric桥测车gauging vehicle on bridge水文巡测车tour gauging vehicle for hydrometry水准测量 levelingleveling跨河水准测量 rive-crossing水尺零点测量survey of gauge zonesurvey控制测量 control高程控制测量vertical control survey平面控制测量horizontal control surveysurvey导线测量 traverse三角测量 triangulation距离测量 distancesurveysurvey河道观测 rivesurvey地形测量 topographicsurvey碎部测量 detailsurvey水下地形测量 underwatertopographic降水量 precipitation雨量 rainfalldepth积雪深度 snowdensity积雪密度 snow雪水当量water equivalent of snowduration降水历时 precipitationintensity降雨强度 rainfall降水日数number of precipitation daysobservation降水量观测 precipitation雨量器 raingaugereceiver承水器 raingaugeglass量杯 measuringraingauge累积雨量器 accumulativerecorder雨量计 rainfall虹吸式雨量计siphon rainfall recorder翻斗式雨量计tipping-bucket rainfall recorder长期雨量计long-term rainfall recorder遥测雨量计telemetering rainfall recorderradar 测雨雷达 precipitation-monitoring雪量器 snowgauge雨雪量计rain and snow recorder蒸发量 evaporation蒸发量观测 evaporationobservation蒸发量折算系数reduction coefficient of evaporationratio遮挡率 screen蒸发器 evaporationpanpanevaporation小型蒸发器（蒸发皿） smallE-601蒸发器evaporation pan of type E-601panevaporation漂浮蒸发器 floating蒸发计 evaporimeterevaporimeter遥测蒸发计 telemeteringobservation水位观测 stage水尺零点 gauge zerostage最高水位 maximumstage最低水位 minimumstage平均水位 mean水位变幅fluctuation range of stageobservation比降观测 slope涨落率rate of rise and fall水面起伏度undulating range of surfacetemperatureobservation 水温观测 waterthermometer水温表 waterobservation波浪观测 waveheight波高 wavelength波长 wavecrest波峰 wavetrough波谷 wavesteep波陡 wavemeter测波仪 wave水尺 gaugegauge直立水尺 verticalgauge倾斜水尺 inclinedgaugeweight悬锤水尺 wiregauge矮桩水尺 stakegauge测针水尺 pointgauge钩形水尺 hook最高水位水尺crest stage gauge校核水尺 check gaugegauge基本水尺 basic辅助水尺 auxiliarygaugegauge比降水尺 slopegauge临时水尺 temporary水位计 stagegaugerecorder自记水位计 stage浮子式水位计float-type stage recorderstage recorder压力式水位计 pressure-type超声小波水位计ultrasonic stage recorder遥测水位计telemetering stage recorder接触式水位计contact-type stage recorder远传水位计telecontrol stage recorder自记水位计stage recorder installation静水井 stillingwell水深 depthdepth测得水深 measureddepth有效水深 effectivedepth相对水深 relative断面平均水深mean depth at a cross-section测深 soundingvertical测深垂线 soundingrod测深杆 soundingweight测深锤 sounding超声波测探仪（回声测探仪） ultrasonicsoundersounder压力测探仪 pressureweight铅鱼 elliptic-type起点距distance from initial pointline断面索 tagwidth水面宽 watersurface河底高程river bed elevation横断面 cross-section大断面possible maximum cross-sectioncross-section过水断面 wetted水道断面 channelcross-sectionarea断面面积 cross-section部分面积 segmentareaprofile纵断面 longitudinalprofile深泓纵断面 thalweg平均河底高程纵剖面mean channel bed elevation profile拉偏索pull slanting cablecorrection悬索偏角改正 soundingline干绳改正air line correctioncorrectionline湿绳改正 wetmeasurement流速测量 velocityvelocity水面流速 surface测点流速velocity at a pointvelocitypoint最大测点流速 maximumvertical 测速垂线 velocity-measuring垂线平均流速mean velocity at a vertical部分平均流速mean velocity at a segment断面平均流速mean velocity at a cross-sectionvelocity浮标流速 floatvelocity中泓流速 midstreamdistribution流速分布 velocitygradient流速梯度 velocity垂线流速分布vertical velocity distributiondistribution 断面流速分布 cross-sectionvelocityvelocitycoefficient测点流速系数 pointcoefficient水面流速系数 surfacevelocityflow顺流 downstreamflow逆流 upstreampulsation流速脉动 velocity中泓 midstreammeasurement 流向测量 flow-direction断面平均流向mean flow direction at a cross-section流向改正correction for flow directionmeter流向仪 flow-directionmeasurement流量测量 dischargemethodarea流速面积法 velocitymethod流速仪法 current-metermethod 积宽法 width-integratingmethod 积深法 depth-integratingmethod 选点法 point-integratingmethodboat动船法 movingdischarge单宽流量 unit部分流量 segmentdischarge比降面积法slope area methodmethod浮标法 floatcoefficient浮标系数 float水面浮标系数surface float coefficient中泓浮标系数midstream float coefficientdischarge虚流量 virtualmethodgauging超声波测流法 ultrasonic电磁测流法electromagnetic gauging method体积法 cubature流速仪 current-meter转子式流速仪 rotating-element current-metercurrent-meter旋杯式流速仪 cup-type旋浆式流速仪 propeller-typecurrent-meterwavecurrent-meter电波流速仪 electriccurrent-meterprofile超声波剖面流速仪 ultrasoniccurrent-meter多普勒流速仪 Dopplercurrent-meter参证流速仪 referencemeter流量计 flowmeter文杜里水流计 ventureflowtube毕托管 Pitotcalibration流速仪检定 current-metertank检定槽 calibration检定车 calibrationcarriage浮标 floatfloat水面浮标 surfacefloat小浮标 smallfloat双浮标 double浮杆 float-rod中泓浮标 midstreamfloatthrower浮标投放器 float涉水测流wading stream gaugingrod测杆 wadingstream-gauging建筑物测流 structure测流堰 weirweir薄壁堰 thin-platenotchweir三角形堰 triangularweirnotch矩形堰 rectangular梯形堰trapezoidal notch weir实用堰 short-crested weir宽顶堰 broad-crestedweirweir三角形剖面堰 triangular-profileweir平坦V形堰 flat-Vweir复合堰 compoundweir全宽堰 full-widthweir收缩堰 contracted测流槽 flumeflume文杜里水槽 Venturiflume临界水深水槽 critical-depthflume巴歇尔槽 Parshallbody堰体 weir堰高height of weir堰顶高程elevation of weir cresthead堰顶水头 weir水工建筑物测流flow measurement by hydraulic structureopening闸门开启高度 gatechannel行近河槽 approachvelocity行近流速 approachflow堰流 weirregime流态 flowflow自由流 freeflow淹没流 submergedflow半淹没流 half-submergedflow孔流 sluiceflow射流 jetratio淹没比 submergencecoefficient 淹没系数 submergencecoefficient流速系数 velocitycoefficient流量系数 discharge稀释法测流dilution method for discharge measurement示踪剂 tracersolution标准溶液 standardconcentration 背景浓度 backgroundration稀释比 dilution混匀长度 mixinglengthmethodinjection等速注入法 constant-ratemethod积分法（一次性注入法） integrating多点注入法multiple injection methodcross-section注入断面 injectioncross-section取样断面 samplingmeasurement泥沙测验 sediment断面平均含沙量mean sediment concentration at cross-section测点含沙量sediment concentration at a point垂线平均含沙量mean sediment concentration at a vertical单样含沙量index sediment concentration相应单样含沙量equivalent index sediment concentration悬移质输沙率suspended sediment discharge悬移质输沙率测验suspended sediment discharge measurementmethodmixing全断面混合法 cross-section推移质输沙率bed load discharge单样推移质输沙率index bed load discharge单宽推移质输沙率bed load discharge per unit width推移质输沙率测验bed load discharge measurementmethod器测法 sampling坑测法 pitmethodtrackingmethod沙坡法 dunematerialmeasurement 床沙测验 bedmethod照相法 photographic打印法stamp pad methodsamplermaterial床沙采样器 bed悬移质采样器suspended sediment samplersampler瞬时式采样器 instantaneoussampler积时式采样器 time-integrating瓶式采样器 bottledsamplersampler皮囊式采样器 collapsible泵式采样器 pumpingsampler调压式采样器pressure adjustable sampler同位素测沙仪radioisotope sediment concentration meter光电测沙仪photoelectric sediment concentration meter振协式测沙仪vibrational sediment concentration meter推移质采样器bed load samplersampler网式采样器 basket-type压差式采样器 pressure-differencesampler进口流速系数intake velocity coefficientefficiency采样效率 samplingprocessing水样处理 sample。
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hydrologi cal fhoyrdercoalsgtoc ial forecast
leading tsihmoert term hydrologi cal forecastin gmid and long term hydrologi cal forecast
3.1.4 3.1.5 3.1.6 3.1.7
hydrologi cal computati ohnydrologi cal statistics
2.1.3 2.1.4
累计频率 重现期
2.1.5 水文频率曲线 2.1.6 设计频率 2.1.7 相关分析
2.2 暴雨
2.2.1 大暴雨
2.2.2 特大暴雨
2.2.3 2.2.4区） 暴雨中心 暴雨强度 暴雨历时
2.2.7 点雨量
2.2.8 面雨量
2.2.9 定点定面关系
accumulat ive frequency return period
hydrologi cal frequency curve design frequency corelation analysis rain storm large rain storm
水文技术标准术语
序号 中文名称
1 河流及流域特征 1.1 河流及水系 1.1.1 河流 1.1.2 干流（主河）
1.1.3 支流
英文名称 中文释义
Characteri stics of river and basin
River and river system rtrivuenrk river (main stream)
2.3.12 2.3.13
河槽集流（河网集流） 单位线（时段单位线）
2.3.14 瞬时单位线 2.3.15 综合单位线
2.3.16 概化洪水过程线 2.4 径流
2.4.1 径流 2.4.2 地表径流 2.4.3 地下径流 2.4.4 径流深 2.4.5 径流模数 2.4.6 径流系数
2.4.7 多年平均年径流量
降雨径流的预报 洪水预报（洪水径流预报） 枯水预报（枯水径流预报） 泥沙预报
rainfall runoff forecast
flood forecast
low flow forecast
sediment forecast
3.1.8 3.1.9 3.1.10 3.1.11 3.1.12
水质预报 冰情预报 封冻预报 解冻预报 水文模型
infiltratio n capacity curve
initial losses
maximum initial loatsesres losses
rainfallrunoff relationsh ip
design net rainfall bcoasnecefnlotrwat ion of flow
sediment charge (sediment concentrat ion) sediment runoff sediment discharge
mean sediment runoff
mean sediment discharge
3 水文预报 3.1 水文预报 3.1.1 预见期
3.1.2 短期水文预报
synthetic storm dewpoint
2.2.23 地面露点 2.2.24 代表性露点 2.2.25 可能最大露点
2.3 产流（汇流） 2.3.1 产流
2.3.2 蓄满产流
2.3.3 超渗产流
2.3.4 2.3.5
下渗容量线（下渗曲线） 初损
2.3.6 2.3.7
最大初损 后损
2.3.8
施工设计洪水 坝址洪水 入库洪水 溃坝洪水
小流域设计洪水（小面积设计洪 2.5.9 水）
2.6 泥沙
2.6.1 固体径流
2.6.2 2.6.3 2.6.4
含沙量 输沙量 输沙率
2.6.5 平均输沙量
2.6.6 平均输沙率
standard of design flood
probable maximum flood (PMF)
mean annual runoff
design anuual rduisntorifbfutio n of annual runoff within a year flood design flood
2.5.2 设计洪水标准
2.5.3 可能最大洪水 2.5.4 分期设计洪水
2.5.5 2.5.6 2.5.7 2.5.8
2.3.9 2.3.10
2.3.11
降雨径流关系图
设计净雨量 基流
汇流
dewpoint at earth surface
representa tive dewpoint
probable maximum druenwopffoint yield (concentr ation of frluonwo)ff yield (runoff frournmofaftion yield under saturated srutonroafgfe yield under excess infiltratio
extraordin ary rainstorm
precipitati on area (rain area) rainstorm center rainstorm intensity rainstorm duration
point precipitati on (point rainfall)
area precipitati on (area rpariencfiaplilt)ati on relationsh ip between fixed point and fixed
design rainfall pattern
isohyet map of rainstorm
probable precipitati on
probable maximum precipitati on (PMP)
rainstorm model
typical rainstorm
transpositi on storm
1.2.1 1.2.2
流域 流域分水线
1.2.3 1.2.4
流域面积（集水面积） 流域长度（流域轴长）
1.2.5 流域植被率（植被度） 1.2.6 流域湖泊率 1.2.7 流域沼泽率
2 水文分析计算 2.1 水文计算
2.1.1 2.1.2
水文计算 水文统计
watershed (basin, drainage area)
stochastic
随机性水文模型（非确定性水文模 hydrologi
型）
cal model
3.1.15 人类活动水文效应
hydrologi cal response due to human activities
stage design flood
design flood of constructi on period flood at dam site flood into reservoir dambreak flood
design flood of small catchment sediment sediment runoff
2.4.8 设计年径流量
2.4.9 设计年径流量年内分配 2.5 洪水
2.5.1 设计洪水
concentrat ion of channel flow unithydro graph
instantane ous unithydro graph
synthetic unithydro graph
simplified flood dydrograp h runoff runoff surface runoff groundwa ter runoff runoff depth runoff mruondoufflus coefficien t
river mouth (reivseturary) length tshtraelawmeg central line drirvpe[r slope
stream channel
hydrograp hic net (river system)
drainage density
Characteri stics of basin
basin divide
watershed area (drainage area, catchment area)
length of bpaesrcinentag e of vegetation s in drainage apreeracentag e of lakes in drainage apreeracentag e of swamps in dhryadirnoalgoegi cal analysis and computati ohnydrologi c computati on
precipitati on relationsh ip between center point and variable adreepat)hareaduration relationsh ip of storm (DAD)
duration curve of storm intensity
design rainstorm
2.2.10
2.2.11
2.2.12 2.2.13 2.2.14 2.2.15 2.2.16
2.2.17 2.2.18 2.2.19 2.2.20 2.2.21 2.2.22
动点动面关系（暴雨中心点面关 系）
暴雨时、面、深关系
暴雨强度历时曲线 设计暴雨 设计雨型 暴雨等雨量线图 可降水量
可能最大降雨 暴雨模式 典型暴雨 移置暴雨 组合暴雨 露点