词汇学期末复习题(附参考答案)

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词汇学试题及答案

词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的科学，它主要研究的是语言中的（）。

A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的意义C. 词汇的运用D. 词汇的演变答案：A2. 下列哪一项不是词汇学的研究内容？（）A. 词义的演变B. 词义的分类C. 词义的辨析D. 语法规则答案：D3. 词汇学中，词素是指（）。

A. 构成词的基本单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的意义单位答案：A4. 在词汇学中，语义场是指（）。

A. 词义的分类B. 词义的演变C. 词义的辨析D. 一组词义相关的词答案：D5. 词汇学研究中，同义词是指（）。

A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 形式相同的词D. 用法相同的词答案：B6. 下列哪一项不是词汇学中词义的分类？（）A. 抽象意义B. 具体意义C. 语法意义D. 色彩意义答案：C7. 词汇学中，词义的演变通常包括（）。

A. 词义的扩大B. 词义的缩小C. 词义的转移D. 以上都是答案：D8. 词汇学中，词义的辨析主要研究的是（）。

A. 词与词之间的联系B. 词与词之间的差异C. 词与词之间的相似性D. 词与词之间的对立答案：B9. 在词汇学中，词义的模糊性是指（）。

A. 词义的不确定性B. 词义的明确性C. 词义的多重性D. 词义的单一性答案：A10. 词汇学中，词义的多义性是指（）。

A. 一个词有多种意义B. 一个词只有一种意义C. 一个词的意义是固定的D. 一个词的意义是单一的答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学中的词素是指构成词的________。

答案：基本单位2. 语义场是指一组________的词。

答案：词义相关3. 同义词是指意义________的词。

答案：相近4. 词义的演变包括词义的________、________和________。

答案：扩大、缩小、转移5. 词义的辨析主要研究的是词与词之间的________。

《英语词汇学》期末考试试卷附答案

《英语词汇学》期末考试试卷附答案I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers．Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket．(45％)1．There are two approaches to the study of polysemy．They are_____.A．primary and secondary B．Central and peripheralC．diachronic and synchronic D．Formal and functional2．Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms?A．Colloquial B．Slang C．Negative D．Literary3．Synonyms can be classified into two major groups，that is：_____.A．absolute and relative B．Absolute and completeC．relative and near D．Complete and identical4．In the early period of Middle English，English，____existed side by side，A．Celtic and Danish B．Danish and FrenchC．Latin and Celtic D．French and Latin5． A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single_______morpheme．A．formal B．Concrete C．free D．bound6．Which of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated?A，croak，drum B．squeak，bleatC．buzz，neigh D．bang，trumpet7．LDCE is distinctive for its____.A．Clear grammar codes B．usage notesC．language notes D．all of the above8．From the historical point of view, English is more closely related toA．German B．French C．Scotttish D．Irish9．Which of the following is NOT an acronym?A．TOEFL B．ODYSSEY C．BASIC D．CCTV10. In the course book，the author lists____types of context clues for inferring wordmeaning．A．eight B．Six C．seven D．five11．Sources of homonyms include____.A．changes in sound and spelling B．borrowingC．shortening D．all of the above12．The written form of English is a(an)________representation of the spoken form．A．selective B．Adequate C．imperfect D．natural13．Structurally a____is the smallest meaningful unit of a language．A．morpheme B．Stem C. stemord D．compound14．Unlike affixes，____are often free morphemes．A．sufrixes B．Prefixes C．inflectional morphemes D．roots15．The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French.Latin，____.A．Scandinavian and Italian B．Greek and ScandinavianC．Celtic and Greek D．Italian and Spanish第二部分非选择题BⅡ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book．(25%)16．The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergois .17．Longman lexicon of Contemporary English is a dictionary．18．When a new word appears for the first time，the author usually manages to give hints or in the context to help the readers．19．Radiation and are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy．20．Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150to .Ⅲ．Match the words or explessions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)word Origin，2)word formation. and 3)types of Synonyms or antonyms．(30%)A B( )21．skill A．back—formation( )22．babysit B．blendlng( )23．telequiz C．French origin( )24．composition／compounding D．Scandinavian origin( )25．government E．clipping( )26．same／different F. relative synonyms( )27．gent G. Germanic( )28．English H．absolute synonyms ( )29．change／alter I. contradictory terms ( )30．big／small J．contrary terms英语词汇学答案1.C2.C3.A4.D5.C6.A7.D8.A9.B 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.A 14.D15.B16．extension 或generalization 17．Specialized 18．clues 19．concatenation 20．1500 21．D 22．A 23．B 24．H 25．C 26．I 27．E 28．G 29．F 30．J。

词汇学期末复习题及答案

Supplementary Exercises for ME. Lexicology 1Part I Multiple choices.1.The definition of a word includes ___________.A. a minimal free form that can function aloneB. a unit of meaningC. a sound unityD. all of the above2. A word is _______ of a language that has a given sound and meaning andsyntactic function.A. a minimal free formB. a smallest meaningful unitC. an element which can not be further analyzedD. a grammatically minimal form3.The Indo-European language family consist of________.A. all the languages in Europe and IndiaB. all the languages in India and some languages in Europe.C. most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India.D. Some of the languages of Europe and all the languages of the Near East4.The symbolic connection of a word to a particular thing is almost always ______.A. logicalB. arbitraryC. inherentD. automatic5.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be ______.A. A highly inflected language.B. A highly developed language.C. A very difficult language.D. A language of leveled endings.6.More than one variant, which can realize some morphemes according to theposition in a word, are termed .A. phonemesB. allomorphsC. morphsD. phones7.Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships areknown as .A. morphemesB. derivational morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. suffixes8.is defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming orderivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as .A. derivation, affixationB. affixation, derivationC. derivative, affixationD. affixation, derivative9.Sometimes, the meaning of a compound can be inferred from its separateelements, for example, .A. hot dogB. red meatC. flower potD. fat head10.is universal to all men alike regardless of culture, race, language and soon while belongs to language, so is restricted to language use.A. meaning, conceptB. concept, meaningC. sense, referenceD. reference, sense11.When readers come across the word “home” in reading, they may be reminded oftheir family, friends, warmth, safety, love. That is because of the “home” has _______.A. collocationsB. connotationsC. denotationsD. perorations12.Which of the following belongs to a semantic field?A. steed, charger, palfrey, plug, nagB. pony, mustang, mule, stud, mareC. policeman, constable, bobby, copD. domicile, residence, abode, home13.Which group of the following are perfect homonyms?A. dear (a loved person)—deer (a kind of animal)B. bow (bending the head as a greeting)—bow(the device used for shooting)C. bank (the edge of the river)—bank (an establishment for money business)D. right (correct)—write (put down on paper with a pen)14.The part of a piece of writing or speech which surrounds a word and helps toexplain its meaning is called _______.A. Linguistic contextB. Grammatical contextC. Extra-linguistic contextD. Para-linguistic context15.means through all difficulties and troubles.A. through high and lowB. through thick and thinC .from head to foot D. from start to finishPart II True or false questions.1. A rule of word-formation is usually identical with a syntactic rule.2.Word-formation rules themselves are not fixed but undergo changes to a certainextent.3.Affixes like “-th” are very productive in current English.4.The chief function of prefixes is to change the word class of the stems.5.The primary function of suffixes is to change the meaning of the stem.pounds are words formed by combining affixes and stems.7.“-age, -al, -ance, -ation, -ence”in “linkage, dismissal, attendance, protection,existence” can produce largely concrete nouns by being added to verb stems.8.The meaning of a compound is usually the combination of stems.9.The free phrase has the primary stress on the first element and the secondarystress, if any, on the second.10.In both compounds and free phrases the adjective element can take inflectionalsuffixes.11.Conversion is only a change of grammatical function of a lexical item with noloss of its different range of meaning originally conveyed.12.A fully converted noun from an adjective has all the features of nouns excepttaking an indefinite article or, -(e)s to indicate singular or plural number.13.Generally, conjunctions, modals, finite verbs, prepositions can’t be converted tonouns.14.Although blends and backformed words have already achieved popularity inEnglish, they are not advisable to be used frequently in formal writing.15.Quite a number of derivational affixes have more than one meaning.16.Simple words in English are usually non-motivated.17.Lexical meaning is dominant in content words.ponential analysis has no disadvantages.19.Polysemic and homonymous words are stylistically useful to achieving humor orirony, or to heighten dramatic effect.20.In most cases, the native term is more literary than the foreign one.Part III Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.1.Morphemes are a bstract______ units, which are realized in speech by discreteunits known as m orph_______. The morpheme is to the morph what a phoneme _____ is to a phone. Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph.Such alternative morphs are known as a llomorphs___________.2. A word is a minimal f ree_______ form of a language that has a given sound andmeaning and syntactic function.3.Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called_empty_____ words.4.According to semantics, a word is a unit of m eaning.5.Bound morphemes include b ound roots and a ffixes.6.The most productive means of word formation are a ffixation,c ompounding and c onversion.7.Only when a connection has been, established between the linguistic sign and ar eferent, does the sign become meaningful.8.Most morphemes are realized by single words like "bird, tree, green", etc, Wordsof these kinds are called m onomorphemic words.9.With N orse invasion____, many Scandinavian words came into the Englishlanguage.10.Antonyms are classified on the basis of s emantic opposition.Part IV Explain the following terms with proper examples.1.Explain with examples morpheme, morph and allomorph2.Semantic fieldPart V Answer the following questions.1.What is collocative meaning? Give at least one example to illustrate your point.2.Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. Ifyou find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.3.Analyzes the morphological structures of the following words and point out thetypes of the morphemes.unbearable, international, ex-prisonerAnswers for Exercise 1Part I Multiple choices.1-5 DACBA 6-10 BCBCB 11-15 BBCABPart II True or false questions.1.F2.T3.F4.F5.F6.F7.F8.F9.F 10.F 11.F 12.F 13.F 14.T 15.T 16. T 17. T 18. F 19. T 20. FPart III Fill in the blanks.1. abstract, morph, phoneme, allomorphs2. free3. empty4. meaning5. bound, affixes6. affixation, compounding, conversion7. referent8. monomorphemic9. Norse invasion 10. semantic oppositionPart IV Explain the following terms1. In morpheme-based morphology, a morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning. A morpheme is free if it can stand alone, or bound if it is used exclusively alongside a free morpheme.Morphs are the actual phonetic representations of the same morpheme.An allomorph is a variant form of the same morpheme, and all the morphs of the same morpheme are grouped as being the allomorphs of a morpheme. The concept occurs when a unit of meaning can vary in sound (phonologically) without changing meaning.English example:The word "unbreakable" has three morphemes: "un-", a bound morpheme;"break", a free morpheme; and "-able", a bound morpheme. "un-" is also a prefix, "-able" is a suffix. Both "un-" and "-able" are affixes.The morpheme plural-s has the morph "-s", /s/, in cats (/kæts/), but "-es", /ɨz/, in dishes (/dɪʃɨz/), and even the voiced "-s", /z/, in dogs (/dɒgz/). "-s". These are allomorphs of the same morpheme plural -s.2. The concept is from the concept of “field” in physics, referring to the clustering of a number of semantically related words. A semantic field is a set of lexemes in a named conceptual area that interrelate and define each other in specific ways. A general description is that words in a semantic field are not synonymous, but are all used to talk about the same general phenomenon. For example, the semantic field of “bugs” may include bees, spiders, moths, wasps, flies etc. According to semantic field theory a meaning of a word is dependent partly on its relation to other words in the same conceptual area. The kinds of semantic fields vary from culture to culture.Part V Answer the following questions.1. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with: pretty handsome.2. The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.（1）it is ambiguous（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（3）stop drinking can be understood as1）police stop drinking by themselves2）police stop people drinking（4）improvement1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.3. Morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning. The morphological analysis of the three words are as follows:1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes unbearable (un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).2) Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3) All the rest un-,-able, inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.Supplementary Exercises for ME. Lexicology 2Part I Multiple choices.1.From the phrase “ a white paper”, we know that the meaning of the word “paper”here is “document”. This shows that the _______ context can define the meaning of a word.A. extra-linguisticB. grammaticalC. lexicalD. situational2.The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called_____.A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor3.Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effectsA. humorB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above4.Which of the following statements is Not correct?A. A word can be formed by two free morphemesB. A word can be formed by a free morpheme and a bound morphemeC. A word can be formed by two bound morphemesD. A word can be formed by any two affixes.5.In different languages, the same concepts can be represented by different sounds,which shows __________.A. the relationship between sound and meaning can not be established.B. there are different logical relations between sound and meaningC. the relation between sound and meaning is a matter of conventionD. the concepts are not really the same6.The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are ______.A. historical reason and class reasonB. historical reason an psychological reasonC. class &psychological reasonD. extra-linguistic factors &linguistic factors7.Old English vocabulary was in essence ________ with a small quantity of wordsborrowed from Latin and Scandinavian.A. CelticB. GermanicC. RomanD. Irish8.is the basic form of a word, which can't be further analyzed without totalloss of identity.A. StemB. RootC. MorphemeD. Affix9.is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning but has to beused in combination with other morphemes to make words.A. Free rootB. Bound rootC. MorphemeD. Bound morpheme10.The most productive means of word-formation in modern English are thefollowing except .A. compoundingB. affixationC. acronymD. conversion11.The meanings of many compounds and derivatives are the total of thecombined.A. morphsB. allomorphsC. rootsD. morphemes12.The relationship between the word-form and meaning is ____. Most words can besaid to be___.A. prescriptive, motivatedB. prescriptive, non-motivatedC. arbitrary, motivatedD. arbitrary, non-motivated13.____ is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning.A. Grammatical meaningB. Denotative meaningC. Associative meaningD. Connotative meaning14.“parent/child, husband/wife, predecessor/successor” are ______ .A. contrary termsB. contradictory termsC. relative termsD. complementary terms15.“au revoir and Bye”is a pair of synonyms resu lting from____.A. borrowingB. dialects and regional EnglishC. figurative &euphemistic use of wordsD. with idiomatic expressions16.From the phrase “examination paper”, we know that the meaning of the word“paper” here is “a set of questions at the end of the term”. This shows that the _______ context can define the meaning of a word.A. extra-linguisticB. grammaticalC. lexicalD. situational17.means damage from continuous use.A. fair and spareB. toil and moilC. wear and tearD. kith and kin18.More often than not, functional words only have .A. lexical meaningB. associative meaningC. collocative meaningD. grammatical meaning19.It is estimated that English borrowings constitute ______of the modern Englishvocabulary.A. 50 percentB. 50 percentC. 80 percentD. 65 percent20.Functional words do _______ work of expression in English on average thancontent words.A. far moreB. lessC. equalD. similarPart II True or false questions.1.Differences can be found between American and British English in pronunciation,spelling, grammar and vocabulary.2.When a prefix is added to a word, its word-class is usually changed.3. A special dictionary deals with one sector of the lexicon of the language.4.Words in the same semantic field do not have a number of collocations incommon.5. A word is a unity of sound and meaning, capable of performing a givensyntactical function.6.Most loan words are borrowed from foreign languages without any change insound and spelling.7.An allomorph is one of the variant forms of a morpheme.8.Conversion means the transfer of a word from one class to another.9.The relation between a word symbol and its meaning is mostly arbitrary andconventional.ponential analysis is to break down the conceptual sense of a word into itsminimal distinctive components.11.Psychological research found that vocabulary is stored redundantly only asindividual morphemes.12.In the following 2 sentences, “How long is he?”“How young are you?” , the twowords long and young are both marked.13.Idioms are not readily understandable from their literal meanings of individualconstituents.14.“Diamond cut diamond.” is syntactically wrong, and should be revised into“Diamond cuts diamond.”15.Fortuitous formerly denoted “happening by chance”, and later took on themeaning “fortunate” by analogy, because the two words look similar in shape. Part III Explain the following terms with proper examples.1. Explain with examples root, stem and base.2. Semantic motivation3. Sense and reference4. Idiom5. MetonymyPart IV Answer the following questions.1.The ‘pen' is mightier than the ‘sword'. Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' meanrespectively using the theory of motivation.2.How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation?Give examples to illustrate your point.ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of hyponymy.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.Answers for Exercise 2Part I Multiple choices.1-5 CBDCC 6-10 DBBBC 11-15 DDBCA 16-20 CCDCAPart II True or false questions.1. T 2 . F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. T 11. F 12. F 13. T 14. F 15. TPart III Explain the following terms with proper examples.1. A root is that part of a word form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed.Thus it cannot be reduced into smaller constituents. Root is the primary lexical unit of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content. For example, the lexical root of “chatter” is chat.A stem is that part of a word which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. For example, photographer: photographer; destabilized: destabilizeA base refers to a form to which affixes of any kind (both derivational and inflectional) can be added. It can be a root or a stem. For example,The base of “undesirable” is “desirable”; and that of “desired” is “desire”.2. Semantic Motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. For example, when we say the mouth of a river, we associate the opening part of the river with the mouth of a human being or an animal. There are basically 4 types of semantic motivation, and they are: oonomatopoeic motivation, morphological motivation, semantic motivation and etymological motivation.3. The distinction was first made by Gottlob Frege between abstract ideas and concrete objects of sensation. Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. It is objectified by not considering particular situations and the real intentions of speakers and writers. The sense of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationship with other expressions in the language. Reference refers to what a linguistic form refers to in the real physical world. It deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.4. An idiom is a phrase whose meaning cannot be determined by the literal definition of the phrase itself, but refers instead to a figurative meaning that is known only through common use. Idioms are semantically united and structurally stable. For example, Kick the bucket is an idiom, meaning “to die”. Structurally, we can not say “The bucket is kick by John” while still keep its meaning stable.5. Metonymy refers to the rhetorical device in which the name of one thing is used for that of another associated with it. For example, the expression in the cradle means to be in one’s childhood, because cradle is used for the young babies and closely relatedto the young age of one.Part IV Answer the following questions.1. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word. In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.2. (1) Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases. For example, movement is f ormed by add a suffix “-ment” to the root “move”.(2) Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes. For example, “edit” is created out of “editor” on the mistake n assumption that the agentive suffix.3. Hyponymy refers to the semantic relationship of inclusion, in which the meaning of more specific word is included in that of another more general word. For example, tulip and rose are hyponyms of flower. The more specific words tulip and rose are called hyponyms or subordinate terms of the more general word flower. And flower is named hypernym or superordinate terms of tulip and rose. In the following 2 sentences, such a relation is indicated as follows:Superordinate Subordinate1) man scholar2) come visit3) school university4) week MondaySupplementary Exercises for ME. Lexicology 3Part I Multiple choices.1. A may consist of a single morpheme as in "iron" or of twomorphemes as in a compound like "handcuff".A. stem, root, rootB. root, stem, stemC. stem, stem, rootD. root, root, stem2.Degradation of meaning is the opposite of .A. semantic transferB. semantic pejorationC. semantic elevationD. semantic narrowing3.Which group of the following are acronyms?A. VOA, AIDS, BASIC, D-DayB. CORE, Laser, TEFL, NATOC. G-man, BBC, BASIC, NATOD. TV, ID, TB, UFO4.Which of the following statements is false?A. Conversion refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class.B. Words mainly involved in conversion are nouns, verbs and adverbs.C. Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with adjectives when converted to nouns.D. The conversion between nouns and verbs may involve a change of stress.5.Which of the following is incorrect?A. “airmail” means “mail by air”B. “reading-lamp” means “lamp for reading”C. “green horn” is the horn green in colorD. “hopeless” is “without hope”6.____ is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning.A. Grammatical meaningB. Denotative meaningC. Associative meaningD. Connotative meaning7.Antonyms can be classified into three major groups except______ .A. evaluative termsB. contrary termsC. contradictory termsD. relative terms8.“win” and “gain the upper hand”，“hesitate” and“ be in two minds” are two pairsof synonyms resulting from ____.A. coincidence with idiomatic expressionsB. figurative &euphemistic use of words.C. dialects and regional EnglishD. borrowing9.The meanings of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs.The structure in which the word in question appears can be called ________ context.A. situationalB. morphologicalC. lexicalD. grammatical10.means something useless and unwanted but big and costly.A. white elephantB. dark elephantC. white horseD. dark horse11.Linguistic context is also known as context.A. socialB. verbalC. LexicalD. physical12.The pronunciation of a language has changed more ______ than spelling over theyears.A. systematicallyB. arbitrarilyC. logicallyD. rapidly13.The English alphabet was adopted from _______.A. Anglo-SaxonB. the RomansC. GreekD. Sanskrit14.The first peoples known to inhabit what is now England are ________.A. Anglo-SaxonsB. French speaking NormansC. CeltsD. Jutes15.English is more closely related to ____________.A. German than French.B. French to GermanC. Welsh than GermanD. Irish than Dutch16.In the words "recollection, idealistic, and ex-prisoner", "re-, -ion, -ist, -ic, ex-, and-er" are .A. prefixesB. suffixesC. free morphemesD. bound morphemes Part II Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.1.Words taken over from foreign languages are known as l oan_________ words.2.One of the variants realizing a morpheme is called a llomorph.3.C ompounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.4.The word meaning is made up of g rammatical meaning andl exical meaning, which itself has two components:c onceptual meaning and associative meaning.5.When a word was created, it was endowed with p rimary meaning. With theadvance of time and the development of language it took on more and mored erived meanings.6.A rgot__ refers to the jargon of criminals. Its use is confined to the sub-culturalgroups, and outsiders can hardly understand it.7.In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learningancient Greek and roman classics, which is known in history as the R enascence_________.8.Affixes can be grouped into d erivational and i nflectional affixes.9.Words do not change in morphological structure but in function, which is knownas f unctional shift.10.Synonyms can be grouped into absolute synonyms andr elative synonyms.11.The Indo-European Language Family is made up of most of the languages ofEurope, the Near East, and I ndia______.12.Old English was a highly i nflectional________ language just like modernGerman.13.The allomorphs of the plural morpheme can be realized by z ero morphas in "deer—deer", "fish—fish".14.A melioration_______ refers to the process by which words rise from humblebeginnings to position of more importance.15.Some words which are used to denote one thing but later changed to denotesomething else have experienced the process of semantic transfer/transference _____.16.Opposite to d enotative____ meaning, connotative meaning refers to the overtonesor associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.17.Martin Joos (1962) in his The Five ClocksI suggests five degrees of formality:f rozen___, formal, consultative, casual, and initimate.18.Homonyms are classified into perfect homonyms, homographs andh omophones______.19.“parent –child” is a pair of r elational______ opposites.20.Words like now/then, here/there, tomorrow/yesterday are used to refer directly tothe personal temporal or locational characteristics of a situation. They are called deictic ____ words.Part III Explain the following terms with proper examples.ponential analysis2.Explain the term connotative meaning, with examples.3.schemataPart IV Answer the following questions.1.What are the stylistic features of idioms?2.Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully identical with regard to spelling andpronunciation. This creates the problem of differentiation. Please design a way to distinguish the two concepts?Answers for Exercise 3Part I Multiple choices.1-5 ACBBC 6-10 BAADA 11-15 BABCA 16 DPart II Fill in the blanks.1. loan2. allomorph3. compounding4. grammatical, lexical, conceptual, associative5. primary, derived6. argot7. Renascence8. derivational, inflectional9. functional 10. absolute, relative 11. India 12. inflectional/inflected 13. zero 14. amelioration 15. transfer/transference 16. denotative 17. frozen 18. homophone 19. relational 20. deicticPart III Explain the following terms with proper examples.1. Componential analysis also called feature analysis or contrast analysis. It is a。

《英语词汇学》期末考试试卷附答案

英语词汇学(二) 期末考试试题及参考答案

Test 2I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through theuse of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GreekB. RomanC. ItalianD. Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. semantic5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user‘s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines 词汇学题目_文库下载/doc/26fe481ca300a6c30c229f93.html and academic areas.A. technicalB. artisticC. differentD. academic8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. SlangB. JargonC. Dialectal wordsD. Argot。

英语词汇学(一) 期末考试试题及参考答案

A. l. semantic
15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ]
A. are complex words.
Test 1
I.Stylistics is the study of style. It is concerned with the user‘s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effects
A. situation B. context C. time D. place
B. are technical words
C. refer to the commonest things in life.
D. denote the most important concepts.
II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）
B. Danish origin
C. Latin origin
D. Greek origin
14. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.
D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation
4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ]

词汇学试题及答案

词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. 下列哪个词属于多义词？A. 桌子B. 苹果C. 跑D. 书2. 词汇的最小单位是：A. 词B. 语素C. 词组D. 句子3. 词汇的同义关系指的是：A. 词与词之间意义相同或相近B. 词与词之间意义相反C. 词与词之间意义无关D. 词与词之间意义有联系但不相同4. “绿色”一词在“绿色食品”中属于：A. 颜色词B. 形容词C. 抽象名词D. 专有名词5. “网络”一词在现代汉语中属于：A. 古汉语词汇B. 外来词C. 新词D. 专业术语6. 下列哪个词属于反义词？A. 快-慢B. 男-女C. 长-短D. 老-少7. 词汇的构成方式不包括：A. 合成B. 派生C. 借用D. 音译8. “美丽”一词的词性是：A. 名词B. 动词C. 形容词D. 副词9. “电脑”一词的构词方式是：A. 合成B. 派生C. 借用D. 音译10. 下列哪个词属于外来词？A. 电视B. 电话C. 网络D. 汽车二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. 词汇学是研究语言中________的学科。

12. 词义的演变通常包括词义的________、________和________。

13. 词义的________是指词义在特定语境下临时改变的现象。

14. 词汇的________是指词义的扩大，能够涵盖更多的事物或现象。

15. 词汇的________是指词义的缩小，只能指特定的事物或现象。

三、简答题（每题5分，共10分）16. 简述词汇的构成方式有哪些？17. 简述词义演变的类型。

四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）18. 论述词汇学在语言教学中的重要性。

19. 论述词汇的同义关系和反义关系在语言表达中的作用。

五、案例分析题（共40分）20. 请分析“手机”一词的词义演变过程，并讨论其对现代汉语词汇发展的影响。

（20分）21. 以“环保”为例，分析词汇的派生构成方式及其在现代社会中的应用。

词汇学语言考试题及答案

词汇学语言考试题及答案1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的哪一方面？A. 语音B. 语法C. 词汇D. 语义答案：C2. 词汇学中，词根是指什么？A. 词的最小意义单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的语法单位答案：A3. 词汇学研究中，词缀的作用是什么？A. 改变词义B. 改变词性C. 改变词形D. 以上都是答案：D4. 以下哪个词不是复合词？A. 黑板B. 电脑C. 老师D. 飞机答案：C5. 词汇学中，同义词是指什么？A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 意义相反的词D. 形式相同的词答案：B6. 词汇学中，反义词是指什么？A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 意义相反的词D. 形式相同的词答案：C7. 词汇学研究中，词义的演变叫做什么？A. 词义变化B. 词义发展C. 词义演变D. 词义扩展答案：C8. 词汇学中，词义的缩小指的是什么？A. 词义变得更加具体B. 词义变得更加抽象C. 词义变得更加广泛D. 词义保持不变答案：A9. 词汇学研究中，词义的扩大指的是什么？A. 词义变得更加具体B. 词义变得更加抽象C. 词义变得更加广泛D. 词义保持不变答案：C10. 词汇学中，词义的转移指的是什么？A. 词义变得更加具体B. 词义变得更加抽象C. 词义从一个领域转移到另一个领域D. 词义保持不变答案：C。

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名词解释（10选5，一个4分）词=The minimal free form of a language, which has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function.词根=The basic unchangeable part of a word, and covers the main lexical meaning of the word.词缀=Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function.一词多义=Polysemy means that one single word has two or more senses at the same time.同形异义=Homonyms are different words with the same form (spelling or pronunciation)完全同形异义=Perfect homonyms are different words identical both in sound and spelling, though different in meaning.同音异形异义=Homophones are different words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning.同形异音异义=Homographs are different words identical in spelling, but different in sound or meaning.同义关系=Synonymy is a relationship of “sameness of meaning” that may hold between two words.反义关系=Antonymy is a relationship of “meaning opposition” that may hold between two words.上下义关系=Hyponymy is the sense relationship that relates words hierarchically. The underlying observation is that some words have a more general meaning, while others have a more specific meaning, while referring to the same entity.问答题（6选3，一题10分）1.(1)What does onomatopoetic motivation mean?(2)What does semantic motivation mean?(3)Dose it contradict the statement that there is no naturalconnection between sound and meaning?Answer:(1)Onomatopoeic motivation means defining the principle ofmotivation by sound.(2)Semantic motivation means that motivation is based onsemantic factors.(3)Facts have proved this argument to be valid. Words thatconvey the same meaning have different phonological forms in different languages – (for example, English meat / mi:t /,Chinese ròu. Alternatively, the same phonological forms may convey different meanings - for example, sight, site, cite.)2.How many kinds of meaning are there in English?Answer: There are 8 kinds of meaning in English, including grammatical meaning, lexical meaning, denotative meaning, associative meaning, connotative meaning, social (stylistic) meaning, affective meaning, collocative meaning.3.(1)What is context?(2)What role dose context play in linguistic communication?（以下答案摘自网络，回答稍冗长，请适当精简）Answer:(1)Context in its traditional sense refers to the lexical items thatprecede or follow a given word. And there is linguistic context, refers to the words, clauses, sentences, paragraphs, or whole books in which a word appears. And extra-linguistic context, which refers to a particular time, space, or culture in which a word appears. There also is lexical context: the lexemes that co-occur with the word in question. The meaning of the word is affected or determined by the neighboring lexemes.(2)Context can function as followed: eliminating ambiguity;conveying emotional overtones; indicating referents and the range of the meaning of a word.4.5.(1)What are the major types of synonymy?(2)(3)Explain those types with examples.Answer:(1)In general, English synonyms can be divided into two types:complete synonyms and relative synonyms.(2)Absolute synonyms are words whose meaning is fullyidentical in any context so that one can always be substituted for the other without the slightest change in meaning. For example: （例子自己找）(3)Relative synonyms refers to which denote different shades ofmeaning or different degrees of a given quality. This kinds of synonyms are the same in some degree such as （例子自己找）6.(1)What are the major types of antonymy?(2)(3)(4)(5)Explain those types with examples.Answer:(1)There are four types of antonymy, including complementaries,gradable antonyms, relational opposites and semantic incompatibles(2)Complementaries refer to pairs of words that represent aneither/or relation. （例子找书去）(3)Antonyms of this type are best viewed in terms of a scalerunning between two poles or extremes. The two opposites are gradable. （例子找书去）(4)The substitution of one member for the other does not changethe meaning of a sentence if it is accompanied by the change of subject and object. （例子找书去）(5) The words in a group of semantic incompatibles are incontrast to the other members of the group, showing a contrastingness relationship between word and word （例子找书去）7.What are the possible causes of language change?(由于网上答案太泛，思路混乱，因此直接将课本原话翻译过来作为答案。

)Answer:The possible causes of language change are as followed: (1) Various social causes (including the change of social evolution, social environment, social level, national sentiment, racial sentiment, gender differences, social values and gobbledygook).(2) The evolution of the language (including loanword, analogyand the simplifying of words)。