2015年英语四级选词填空练习题及答案分析

What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were __1__. The study of how genes and environment interact to influence __2__ activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important __3__ to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.

Any research that suggests that __4__ to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can __5__ based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how __6__ they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the __7__ to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science __8__ that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born __9__ like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it __10__ appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.

[A] abilities

[B] achieve

[C] appeal

[D] complaints

[E] contributions

[F] displayed

[G] essentially

[H] eventually

[I] extent

[J] indicates

[K] proceeds

[L] psychological

[M] raised

[N] smart

[O] standard

答案解析：

1. [M] raised raise在这里的意思是"养育"，the environment in which you were raised 意思是"你成长的环境"。

2. [L] psychological "psychological activity"意思是"心理活动"，全句意思是"研究基因和外部环境如何相互作用影响人心理活动的学科被称为行为遗传学"。

3. [E] contributions "make contributions to"为固定搭配，意为"为……做贡献"。

4. [A] abilities "ability to …"意思是"做某事的能力"，在此处，全句意思是"任何一篇宣称人类做出某种行为的能力是基于生物学的研究都是有争议的"。

5. [B] achieve "limitations to what you can achieve"意思是"对你所能达到的水平的限制"。

6. [N] smart 此处需填一个形容词，而且用来形容人，根据题意，smart符合题意，表示"机灵，可爱"。

7. [I] extent 此处填extent，主要是因为后面有to，"to the extent …"译为"……的程度"。

8. [J] indicates indicate 意思是"表明，显示"。全句意为"越来越多的科学(现象)表明基因对人类很多特征有基础作用"。

9. [G] essentially essentially 的意思是"实际上，本质上"。全句意为"从这个角度来讲，人一出生，本质上就像是还没洗出来的照片：相已经照了，但是最终会呈现多少就在于显影的过程了"。

10. [H] eventually eventually 副词，意思是"最终，最后"。

With the world's population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050, researchers. businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure (基础设施) and jobs. Underling all this __1__ will be the demand for energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years.

Finding the resources to meet this demand in a __2__. sustainable way is the cornerstone (基石) of our nation's energy security, and will be one of the major __3__ of the 21st century. Alternative forms of energy- bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few are __4__ being funded and developed, and will play a growing __5__ in the world's energy supply. But experts say that even when __6__, alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the world's energy needs by 2050.

For example, even with __7__ investments, such as the $93 million for wind energy development __8__ in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels __9__ only about 1% of the market today.

Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of __10__ both traditional and alternative.

[A] stable

[B] solutions

[C] significant

[D] role

[E] progress

[F] marvelous

[G] included

[H]growth

[I] exactly

[J] consist

[K] comprise

[L] competitions

[M] combined

[N] challenges

[O] certainly

答案解析：

1 growth 2 stable 3 challenges 4 certainly 5 role 6 combined 7 significant 8 included 9 comprise 10 solutions

【解析】这是一篇讨论能源资源的说明文，话题是考生比较熟悉的能源问题，不断增长的人口与可再生资源的矛盾该如何解决。文中指出能源的一些可替代形式 如生物能源、风能太阳能等可再生资源将在未来发挥越来越重要的作用。但是专家指出，即使这些资源储备量惊人，但是到2050年也只能满足世界30%的需求。文章最后两段探讨了各能源在市场上的需求，以及解决未来能源需求的其他方案。

总体来说，这篇文章理解难度不大，填空难度适中，所选词汇也都是四级考纲的词汇。选项较具有干扰项，多为c和s开头的单词，考生在考试时要特别注意。

What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the inte

raction of your genes and the environment in which you were __1__. The study of how genes and environment interact to influence __2__ activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important __3__ to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.

Any research that suggests that __4__ to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can __5__ based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how __6__ they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the __7__ to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science __8__ that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born __9__ like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it __10__ appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.

[A] abilities

[B] achieve

[C] appeal

[D] complaints

[E] contributions

[F] displayed

[G] essentially

[H] eventually

[I] extent

[J] indicates

[K] proceeds

[L] psychological

[M] raised

[N] smart

[O] standard

答案解析：

1. [M] raised raise在这里的意思是"养育"，the environment in which you were raised 意思是"你成长的环境"。

2. [L] psychological "psychological activity"意思是"心理活动"，全句意思是"研究基因和外部环境如何相互作用影响人心理活动的学科被称为行为遗传学"。

3. [E] contributions "make contributions to"为固定搭配，意为"为……做贡献"。

4. [A] abilities "ability to …"意思是"做某事的能力"，在此处，全句意思是"任何一篇宣称人类做出某种行为的能力是基于生物学的研究都是有争议的"。

5. [B] achieve "limitations to what you can achieve"意思是"对你所能达到的水平的限制"。

6. [N] smart 此处需填一个形容词，而且用来形容人，根据题意，smart符合题意，表示"机灵，可爱"。

7. [I] extent 此处填extent，主要是因为后面有to，"to the extent …"译为"……的程度"。

8. [J] indicates indicate 意思是"表明，显示"。全句意为"越来越多的科学(现象)表明基因对人类很多特征有基础作用"。

9. [G] essentially essentially 的意思是"实际上，本质上"。全句意为"从这个角度来讲，人一出生，本质上就像是还没洗出

来的照片：相已经照了，但是最终会呈现多少就在于显影的过程了"。

10. [H] eventually eventually 副词，意思是"最终，最后"。

The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.

While elderly people __1__ to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) __2__ effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.

Sean Drummond, a. psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping __3__ straight through the night.

More sleep in old age, however, is __4__ with better health, and most older people would feel better and more __5__ if they slept for longer periods, he said.

"The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to __6__ well does not change," Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego.

"It's __7__ a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were __8__. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from __9__ to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's __10__ from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75."

[A] alert

[B] associated

[C] attracting

[D] cling

[E] continuing

[F] definitely

[G] different

[H] efficiently

[I] formally

[J] function

[K] mixed

[L] negative

[M] sufficient

[N] tend

[O] younger

答案解析：

文章大意：本文主要讲述的是关于老年人睡眠的问题：是否老年人与年轻人相比只需要较少的睡眠时间?

1. N tend tend to 固定搭配;表示"倾向于;"符合句意;

2. L negative 空格后是effect， 前面是a(n)， 由此可见，该处需要填入一个形容词;题目给出的形容词有negative, sufficient, younger;根据前后语意，填入negative最为恰当，表示"少的睡眠时间对大脑的活动有负面的影响。"

3. H efficiently 根据推测，该处应该填入一个副词，题目给出的副词有efficiently, definitely, formally;前面提到，老年人在睡觉的时候更容易被打断，而后面用while提出一个对比的概念，年轻人相比起来能获得更_______ 的睡眠;综合起来，选用efficiently(最有效率的)最为准确。

4. B associated be associated with 固定搭配;表示"与…联系在一起";本句话表示"更多的睡眠通常都与健康度联系在一起";

5. A alert 先看整句话的含义，"如果他们能睡更长的时间

，他们的感觉应该会更好以及…"那么，该处应该填入一个褒义词，选择alert比较恰当，表示"更加警觉，机灵";

6. J function 根据判断，此处应该填入一个动词，剩下的动词有cling, function;整句话的意思是"当我们上了年纪的时候，我们一觉睡到天亮的能力下降了，但是，我们需要…的睡眠量并没有改变;"空格后的单词是 well， cling 在这里并不合适，一般与to连用;选用function 最为适合;

7. F definitely 作者在首段已经提出这个观点是一个myth，那么显而易见最后一段中出现的myth是作为一种强调手段，应填入definitely;

8. O younger 空格的前面是 when they were…， "当他们年轻的时候";应填入younger;

9. E continuing 本句的意思是"我们的数据显示老年人将从…获益;"空格的后面是"得到和他们在三十多岁的时候能得到的睡眠一样多";根据上下文意思，该处应填入"continuing";

10. G different different from 固定搭配;表示"和…不同"。

As war spreads to many corners of the globe, children sadly have been drawn into the centre of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education __1__. The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the __2__ of peacemakers. The Children's Movement for Peace in Colombia was even nominated (提名) for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. Groups of children __3__ as peacemakers studied human rights and poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogotá known as The Schools of Peace.

The classroom __4__ opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with __5__, peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step __6__ toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are __7__ useful when helping children along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, started in 1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and __8__ on starting a Kindness Campaign. The World Centres of Compassion for Children International call attention to children's rights and how to help the __9__ of war. Starting a Peacemakers' Club is a praiseworthy venture for a class and one that could spread to other classrooms and ideally affect the culture of the __10__ school.

[A] acting

[B] assuming

[C] comprehensive

[D] cooperative

[E] entire

[F] especially

[G] forward

[H] images

[I] information

[J] offers

[K] projects

[L] respectively

[M] role

[N] technology

[O] victims

答案解析：

1. 【答案】 K

【精析】 名词辨析题。根据句意，空格处缺少名词，意为"活动，项目

"。 H)images意为"影像，图像";O)victims 意为"受害者"，均与句意不符。

2. 【答案】 M

【精析】 名词辨析题。空格位于定冠词the之后，介词of之前，缺少名词，与took on the...of搭配，因此选M)role"角色"。A)acting 意思接近句意，但是不能和took on the...of 搭配。

3. 【答案】 A

【精析】 动词辨析题。空格句谓语动词为studied，因此as peacemakers作主语Groups of children的定语，as意为"是，作为"。此处应用现在分词作定语，选项中的另一个现在分词为B)assuming意为"假设"，不符合句意。

4. 【答案】 J

【精析】 动词辨析题。空格处缺少谓语，直接宾语为opportunities，需要及物动词。答案只能选offer。

5. 【答案】 D

【精析】 形容词辨析题。空格处单词作ones的定语，与peaceful并列，意义应该与angry相反。cooperative 意为"合作的"。 C)comprehensive意为"理解的，广泛的"，意义不符。

6. 【答案】 G

【精析】 副词辨析题。空格位于take a step之后，介词toward之前，需要副词。孩子需要向前迈进一步成为和平缔造者。take a step forward"向前迈进一步"。 L)respectively意为"分别地"，意义不符。

7. 【答案】 F

【精析】 副词辨析题。空格位于be动词与表语useful之间，需要副词修饰useful。especially符合题意。

8. 【答案】 I

【精析】 名词辨析题。空格处需要名词，意义与resources 或者teachers 并列。image为名词，看似与resources并列，但意义不如information恰当。

9. 【答案】 O

【精析】 名词辨析题。空格位于定冠词the之后，介词of之前，缺少名词，要帮助的应该是孩子--战争的受害者。

10. 【答案】 E

【精析】 形容词辨析题。空格位于定冠词the之后，名词school之前，缺少定语。根据文章意思，先在一个班级创建和平缔造者俱乐部，然后扩展到其他班，最后影响到整个学校的文化氛围。entire"整个"符合题意。

Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly __1__ to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was __2__ to a little college French.

I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, __3__ unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up __4__ and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable __5__ I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought ran through my mind: you can't learn if you don't try. So I accepted the assignment.

There were some bad __6__. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since

, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guides or even __7__ bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.

The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition __8__. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you.

I've learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a __9__. And I know I'll go on doing such things. It's not because I'm braver or more daring than others. I'm not. But I'll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can __10__ wonders.

[A] accomplish

[B] advanced

[C] balloon

[D] claim

[E] constantly

[F] declare

[G] interviews

[H] limited

[I] manufacture

[J] moments

[K] news

[L] reduced

[M] regret

[N] scary

[O] totally

答案解析：

1. 【答案】 D

【精析】 动词辨认题。空格处缺少动词原形。根据句意，意为"声称"。 D)claim比较随意，可以表示"个人的声明，宣称";claim to do表示"宣称做某事"。A)accomplish"完成";F)declare"宣布(法律、公告等)，声明";M)regret"遗憾，抱歉"，词义 不符。

2. 【答案】 H

【精析】 句法推断题。空格位于系动词was之后，介词to之前，因此缺少形容词或者过去分词，可用于be...to 的搭配。be limited to表示"局限于"。 L)reduced表示"减少"，不能与to搭配。

3. 【答案】 O

【精析】 副词辨认题。用于形容词之前，空格处缺少副词。根据句意，表示"完全地"。选项中的另一个副词E)constantly"经常地"，不符合句意。

4. 【答案】 G

【精析】 名词辨析题。空格处缺少名词，与research并列，因此选择G)interviews"采访"。选项中的另三个名词C)balloon"气球"， J)moments"时刻"， K)news"新闻，消息"，不符合句意，排除。

5. 【答案】 M

【精析】 名词辨析题。空格前有形容词considerable，这里需要填名词。regret"抱歉，遗憾"。

6. 【答案】 J

【精析】 名词辨析题。空格位于形容词bad之后，需要名词，根据句意，这里表示"沮丧、糟糕的时候"。

7. 【答案】 B

【精析】 形容词辨析题。空格位于名词bookings之前，缺少形容词或者过去分词。修饰bookings"预约"，所填词应表示"提前的"。其他分词、形容词选项L)reduced"减少的"，N) scary"引起惊慌的"，意义不符。

8. 【答案】 N

【精析】 名词辨析题。空格处需要形容词，表示"令人害怕的，引起惊慌的"。

9. 【答案】 C

【精析】 动词辨析题。空格位于不定冠词之后，因此缺少名词。根据句意应选C)balloon"气球"。

10. 【答案】 A

　

　【精析】 动词辨析题。空格位于情态动词can之后，名词wonders之前，缺少动词原形。根据句意A)accomplish"实现, 完成"符合句意。


A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural __1__ for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn __2__ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to __3__ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a __4__ of human experiences and come to __5__ other ways of thought and living. And while __6__ their own relationships and responses to life, the readers often find that the __7__ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.

Books provide __8__ material for readers' imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books __9__ their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure __10__. The social and educational significance of the readers' books cannot be overestimated in an academic library.

[A] abundant

[B] characters

[C] communicating

[D] completely

[E] derive

[F] desire

[G] diversity

[H] escape

[I] establishing

[J] narrow

[K] naturally

[L] personnel

[M] properly

[N] respect

[O] widen
参考译文：

没有书的生活是不完整的生活。书影响生活的深度和广度。它们能够满足人们与生俱来的对自由的渴望、表达的欲望，对创造、对美好生活的愿望。

因此，想获取知识的人必须要有书，而且要有合适的书来满足他们的需要。读者会自然而然地去读书，因为他们对一切东西都好奇，他们渴望分享别人的经历，他们需要从自己受到限制的环境中解脱出来——这一些，都引到他们在书中为自己的精神和心灵寻找食粮。

读者通过阅读寻找生活更深刻的意义，因为书可以让他们既了解过去世界的生活，也了解现在社会的生活。他们可以在书中看到各种各样的人生经历，这样他们便能能够尊重别人的思维方式和生活方式。在建立他们自己的人际关系和对生活做出反应时，读者经常会发现他们读到的故事里的那些人物也有相似的经历，这能够帮他们认清自己的行为，并使之具有意义。

书为人们

想象力的扩展提供了丰富的材料。想象力是一种宝贵的品质，是催人奋进的动力，激励人们取得成就。在丰富人们想象力的同时，书还会拓展人们的视野，培养人们求真务实的精神，帮助人们合理地安排闲暇的时间。学校图书馆里为读者提供的书籍的社会意义和教育意义无论怎么估计都不过分。

参考答案：

1.F 可以看出这里需要一个名词，再根据后面的几个介词for ，以及文意，不难判断出这里是desire。

2.K 这里需要一个词来形容turn to这样一个动词词组，再根据后面的那种好奇而想读书，不难看出，是选K。

3.H “need to do“这是一个很常用的词组，在根据后面的介词 from，因此，这里选H。

4.G

5.N 根据文意，可以判断出是N

6.I 这里需要一个词来组成主语，那么已ing形式作主语+后文的内容，无非就是选I。

7.B 根据文意story里，无非就是characters，选B。

8.A

9.O 根据文章第一段的提示，再结合文意无非就是扩展视野的词组，因此选O。

10.M