2019英语四级选词填空练习题3
大学英语四级考试 CET4选词填空
Passage 3As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. But relaxation is __1__ for a healthy mind and body.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to __2__ it. In fact, it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of __3__ that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such __4__ are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first sight of __5__ difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both physically and __6__. In fact we make choice between “flight or fight” and in more __7__ days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same __8__. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued __9__ to stress, that health becomes endangered. Since we cannot __10__ stress from our lives it would be unwise to do so even if we could, we need to find ways to deal with it.Passage 4As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is __1__ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.If a firm wants to __2__ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a __3__ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be __4__, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of thoserequirements is given a value, usually in “points”, which are __5__ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their __6__ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without __7__ to an evaluation system based on points.In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should __8__ the value of each job with these in the job market. __9__, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for __10__ workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.Passage 5Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian（百姓的）clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform.The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it,without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, o n the job at le a st.Passage 6Britain is not just one country and one people; even if some of its inhabitants think so. Britain is, in fact, a nation which can be divided into several __1__ parts, each part being an individual country with its own language, character and cultural __2__. Thus Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales do not claim to __3__ to “England” because their inhabitants are not __4__ “English”. They are Scottish, Irish or Welsh and many of them prefer to speak their own native tongue, which in turn is __5__ to the others.These cultural minorities(少数民族) have been Britain’s original inhabitants. In varying degrees they have managed to __6__ their national characteristics, and their particular customs and way of life. This is probably even truer of the __7__ areas where traditional life has not been so affected by the __8__ of industrialism as the border areas have been. The Celtic races are said to be more emotional by nature than the English. An Irish temper is legendary. The Scots could rather __9__ about their reputation for excessive thrift and prefer to be remembered for their folk songs and dances, while the Welsh are famous for their singing. The Celtic __10__ as a whole produces humorous writers and artists, such as the Irish Bernard Shaw, the ScottishPassage 8Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive( 认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others.A coeducational(男女合校的) school offers children nothing less than a tree version of society in miniature(缩影). Boys and girls are given the 1 to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of 2 ability, athletic achievement and many of the extracurricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical 3 it is (to give just a small example) to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense coeducation makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girls or vice versa. When 4 , boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. In a coeducational school, everything falls into its 5 place.The greatest contribution of coeducation is 6 the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys don’t grow up believing that women are 7 creatures. Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. Years of living together at school remove illusions of this kind. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and 8 problems involved in growing up. These can better be 9 in a coeducational environment. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are fully prepared to 10 society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.Passage 13The anthropologist (人类学家) Clifford Geertz defines culture as a “historically transmitted pattern of meanings embodied in symbols by 1 of which men can communicate, perpetuate and develop their own knowledge about and attitudes towards life.”Why is it important that you 2 about other cultures? There are a number of reasons. Some may do it 3 because they find fascinating the different ways that people think, speak, act, evaluate, and communicate. But let me assume that you are a more pragmatic sort of person, and are 4 in the “cash value” of a course like this — apart, that is, from the grade you will receive at the end of it. What is a class like this good for? Let me make a couple of suggestions on how what you learn in this class may prove 5 to you in the future:Business: Geert Hofstede’s excellent book on culture is 6 not primarily out of academic theory, but out of his study of the practical problems faced by one particular modern corporation (IBM), which exists across national and cultural 7 . In the world we live in, understanding 8 in general and also specific individual cultures in particular can make the difference between success and failure in the global market and economy.Politics and Diplomacy: If your career goal involves anything that relates to international politics and diplomacy, then understanding other cultures is 9 .Neighbors: If none of these previous factors 10 you, then you can just look at this class as a lesson in good neighborliness in the global village.Passage 14A pioneering study into the effects of a mother’s fat intake during pregnancy on her child’s health when he or she grows up is being launched at the University of Southampton.The research will investigate whether the type and amount of fat a mother eats during pregnancy 1 the risk of heart disease, 2 high blood pressure, in her child when he or she reaches adulthood.Although the link between high fat diets and high blood pressure is well known, there has been 3 research into the connection between a woman’s diet and her child’s risk of hypertension (高血压).The study, which is 4 by the British Heart Foundation, is led by Dr Graham Burdge, British Heart Foundation Professor of Cardiovascular Science.The award of this 5 grant is part of a ￡3.5 million boost for heart research in the UK by the British Heart Foundation. The charity’s special grants are made to fund research into the causes, prevention, 6 and treatment of heart disease, the UK’s biggest killer.Dr Burdge says, “The type and amount of fat in our diet has 7 during the past 50 years. Pregnant women 8 the same diet as the rest of us, but we know very little about the 9 of these changes in dietary (饮食的) fat on the development and future health of their children. We hope that the 10 of this study will help to develop recommendations for pregnant women about how much fat they should eat and what types of fat they should avoid.”Passage 15Major retailers and car manufacturers have slashed (削减) their marketing budgets in the six months to October, 2008, as the financial crisis has taken its toll, while supermarkets have __1__advertising spending in a battle to prove that they offer the most ___2__ prices.According to new research undertaken for The Daily Telegraph by Nielsen Media Research, in the six months to September 30, 2008, Marks & Spencer’s advertising spend fell 20.3 pc to ￡25.3 m, __3___ with the same period in 2007.While the retailer has spent heavily on a campaign __4__ celebrities in the past two years, it is understood to be cutting back on celebrity spending in 2009. The retailer is, however, still the UK’s 25th largest spender on advertising, __5__ being at 17th place in the six months to September 30, 2007.Car manufacturers have also significantly ___6__ back on marketing spending, believed to be a result of the financial crisis. According to Nielsen, Ford spent ￡26.6m in the six months to September 30, 2008, down 21pc from the same period last year. Vauxhall also ___7__ spending by 15.6pc in the period to ￡26.5m.For supermarkets, however, a significant increase in advertising spending, it appears, is a ___8___ as they seek to woo (追求) increasingly price __9__ customers. The leading supermarkets have __10__ an aggressive price war in the past six months as consumers have been faced with news of higher food prices.Passage 16Teddy bears have been around since 1902. The teddy bear came to being when President Theodore Roosevelt refused to 1 a black bear held captive by his hunting party. Also worth noting is that President Roosevelt’s refusal to shoot this captive bear became a very popular political cartoon by Cliff Barryman.A Brooklyn shopkeeper was 2 by the cartoon. The shopkeeper then asked President Rosevelt for 3 to name a toy bear “Teddy”. Thus became the creation of the teddy bear.It is also worth 4 that the teddy bear was born in Germany between 1902 and 1903.The first teddy bears did not have cuddly faces or smiles, in fact, the first teddy bears had expressions which could best be described as 5 . Teddy bears were also quite stiff, the 6 arms and legs and soft, plush bodies came much later.Now teddy bears are still the number one item to give babies as their first toy, the prize to win your girl on your first date, and most 7 , the toy of choice for law enforcement to give to children in sad, unsafe situations to help them calm down and feel safe.The market for collectible teddy bears has seen significant 8 in the last several years. A collectible teddy bear is very different than the typical store bought teddy that you might give a child. The industry 9 collectible teddy bears as hard, not floppy, and fully jointed (meaning arms, legs, and head are moveable). The artists however, also determine collectibles. Steiff teddy bears and others have a very high collectible 10 .Passage 17Hungry prehistoric hunters, not climate change, drove elephants to extinction during the Pleistocene era, new research suggests.At least 12 kinds of elephants 1 to roam the African, Eurasian, and American continents. Today, only two 2 of elephants are left in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. One theory for this dramatic demise holds that rapid climate shifts at the end of the most recent major ice age, some 10,000 years ago, 3 vegetation and broke up habitats, causing the death of those unable to adapt to the new conditions. Another 4 blames prehistoric humans, whose improved weapons and hunting techniques allowed them to wipe out whole herds of elephants.To help 5 the debate, archaeologist Todd Surovell of the University of Wyoming, Laramie, and colleagues tested two assumptions. If humans caused the elephant and mammoth extinctions, Surovell reasoned, the timing of the die-offs in 6 regions should match human expansion into those regions. On the contrary, if the extinction was 7 to climate change, elephants should remain in regions 8 colonized by humans and would only begin to die off once climate change occurred.The team tested both theories by analyzing where and when elephants were killed. In all, the study included 41 archaeological sites on five continents. The researchers found that, as humans 9 out of Africa, they left a trail of dead elephants behind them. The creatures disappear from the fossil record of a region once it became colonized by humans. Modern elephants survived in refuges 10 to humans, such as tropical forests, says Surovell.Passage 18There have been claims that warming on Mars and Pluto are proof that the recent warming on Earth is caused by an increase in solar activity, and not by greenhouses gases. But we can say with 1 that, even if Mars, Pluto or any other planets have warmed in recent years, it is not due to 2 in solar activity.The Sun's energy output has not increased since direct 3 began in 1978. If increased solar output really was 4 , we should be seeing warming on all the planets and their moons, not just Mars and Pluto.Our solar system has eight planets, three dwarf planets and quite a few moons with at least a 5 atmosphere, and thus a climate of sorts. Their climates will be 6 by local factors such as orbital variations, changes in reflectance (反射率) and even 7 eruptions, so it would not be surprising if several planets and moons turn out to be warming at any one time.However, given that a year on Mars is 8 two Earth years long, and that a year on Pluto lasts for 248 Earth years, it is rather early to start 9 conclusions about long-term climate trends on the outer bodies of the Solar System.What do we know? Images of Mars suggest that between 1999 and 2005, some of the frozen carbon dioxide that 10 the south polar region turned into gas. This may be the result of the whole planet warming.。
四级,2019,选词填空
Reading comprehensionSection A(2019.6 .1)The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has 26____ from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming to life.In a 27_________ to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced 28___________ that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road.“Michigan's 29__________ in auto research an d development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to 30_______ our leadership in transportation. We can't let that happen,” says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead 31__________ of four bills recently introduced.If all four bills pass as written, they would 32__________ a substantial update of Michigan's 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturers would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set up on-demand 33__________ of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology. In 34____________, California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more 35 rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and ban commercial use of self-driving technology.Section B(2019.6.2)Just because they can't sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn't mean that animals don't have culture. There's no better example of this than killer whales. As one of the most 26___________ predators (食肉动物), killer whales may not fit the 27_________ of a cultured creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly 28________ behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.The word “culture” comes from the Latin “colere,” which 29___________ means “to cultivate.” In other words, it refers to anything that is 30__________ or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic 31________ that help them digest and utilize this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to 32_________ in their cold climate.Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different 33 __________across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet with an empire that 34___________ from pole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey (猎物). This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to 35___________ that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals' genetic development.。
英语四级选词填空练习题及答案
英语四级选词填空练习题及答案英语四级选词填空练习题及答案：There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is,in part,a familiar disease.Since families have similar genes as well as similar environments,familiar diseases could be due to shared genetic influences,to shared environmental factors,or to both.For some years,the role of one environmental factor commonly shared by families,namely dietary salt(i.e.,sodium chloride),has been studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory.These studies suggest that chromic excess salt ingestion can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals.Some individuals,however,and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure.No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments,some salt-fed animals never developed hypertension whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertension followed by early death.These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution.By mating is successive generations only those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt ingestion,a resistant strain(the "R" Strain)has been evolved in which consumption of large quantities of salt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly.In contrast,by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt,a sensitive strain("S" strain)has also been developed.The availability of these tow strains permits investgations not heretofore possible.They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human prototypes of hypertension.More important,there might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susceptibility of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance.Radioactive sodium 22 was an important "tool" in working out the characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism.1.The study of the effects of salt on high blood pressure was carried out ______.a.as members of the same family tend to use similar amounts of saltb.to explore the long-term use of a sodium based substancec.because it was proven that salt caused high blood pressured.because of the availability of chemically pure salt and its derivatives2.The main difference between "S" and "R" rats is their ______.a.need for sodium 22b.rate of matingc.reaction to saltd.type of blood3.We can infer from the article that sodium 22 can de used to ______.a.control high blood pressureb.cure high blood pressure caused by saltc.tell the "S" rats from the "R" ratsd.determine what a sodium chloride metabolism is like4.The most beneficial results of the research might be ______.a.development of diets free of saltb.an early cure for high blood pressurec.control of genetic agents that cause high blood pressured.the early identification of potential high blood pressure victims5.Which of the statements best relates the main idea of this article?a.When salt is added rats and human beings react similarly.b.The near future will see a cure for high blood pressure.c.The medical field is desperately in need of research.d.A tendency toward high blood pressure may be a hereditary factor.答案：acddd英语四级选词填空练习题及答案：Directions: In this section, there is apassage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bankis identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each itemon Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.What is itabout Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel1__________ about itafterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food.Were 2__________ with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemicof obesity(肥胖). Perhapsthe3__________ to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continentsearching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasnt eaten but smoked. Thenthere was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouragingmore 4__________ ways of doing it.Theimmigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do meanseating what “real Americans” eat, but our nations food has come to be 5__________ byimports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the countrys most treasuredcooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.Perhaps itshould come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nationsdefining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit?ins at southernlunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even moralitywhether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat forpolitical 6__________But strongopinions have not brought 7__________ . Americans are ambivalent about what theyput in their mouths. We have become 8__________ of our foods, especially as welearn more about what they contain.The 9__________ infood is still prosperous in the American consciousness. Its no coincidence,then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in suchbondage(束缚). Its whatwe eat—and how we 10__________ it with friends, family, and strangers—that helpdefine America as a community today.A. answerB. resultC. shareD. guiltyE. constantF. definedG. vanishH. adaptedI. creativeJ. beliefK. suspiciousL. certaintyM. obsessedN. identifyO. ideals答案：1.E)essence2.H)doubles3.A)components4.K)devices5.O)technique6.F)inspiration7.L)manufacture8.I)solution9.C)standards10.B)advantage。
(完整版)CET4选词填空练习题汇总
英语四级选词填空练习题(1)What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel _ 1 _ about it afterward. We saywe want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We're 2 with health and weight loss butface an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went invain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intendedto prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it.The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eatingwhat“real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be 5 by imports— pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the’ s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrivedcountry here in shackles.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’ s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit-ins at southern lunch counters. It isintegral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol forreligious reasons or evades meat for political 6 .But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put intheir mouths. We have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what theycontain.The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It's no coincidence, then, thatthe first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(约束 ). It's what we eat—and how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangers— that help define America as a communitytoday.A. answerB. resultC. shareD.guiltyE.constantF.definedG.vanishH.adaptedI.creativeJ.beliefK.suspiciousL.certaintyM.obsessedN.identifyO.ideals答案详解：1. D feel是一个系动词，能够判断此处应填入一个形容词，经过上下文意思，以及后边介词about,可以确立选项为 D 项 guilty,短语feel guilty about sth. "对感觉有愧"。
2019英语四级12月选词填空
2019年12月英语四级选词填空一、文章大意本文主要讨论了如何通过改变饮食习惯来改善身体健康。
文章指出，饮食是保持健康的关键因素之一，而不良的饮食习惯可能导致各种健康问题。
因此，我们应该关注自己的饮食习惯，并尝试通过改善饮食习惯来改善身体健康。
二、选词填空1.___(extreme) cases, poor diet may result in serious health problems.2. A ___(recent) study has found that a balanced diet can improve overall health.3.In order to maintain good health, it is important to eat a ___(variety) of foods.4.Eating a ___(balanced) diet is essential for good health.5.Many people believe that a ___(prosper) nation is one that is well-fed.6.___(previous) research has shown that a lack of exercise can lead to weightgain.7.It is recommended that we eat ___(little) processed food and more fruits andvegetables.8.The government is taking measures to ___(promote) healthy eating among thepopulation.9. A ___(well-trained) doctor will be able to diagnose the problem quickly.10.The ___(majority) of people believe that good health is the key to happiness.。
2019年6月英语四级阅读答案：选词填空
2019年6月英语四级阅读答案：选词填空26 G preserving marine habitats27 M A300 was stripped of everything28 A Not only will the sunken plane create the perfect skeleton29 L the plane stretches a total length of 54 meters30 C scuba drivers will eventually be able to31 N around the plane’s territory32 J see a return on that investment33 O has been the victim of several deadly terrorist attacks34 I this airbus A300 is the largest intentionally sunk aircraft ever35 E taking a trip underwater and exploring the inside of a sunken A300卷二：26 H it has migrated from Detroit to silicon valley27 A in a bid to take production back to detroit28 G lawmakers have introduced legislation that could29 D Michigan’s dominance in auto research30 I countries which desire to replace our leadership31 N the lead sponsor of four bills32 J they would represent a substantial update33 E set up on-demand fleets of self-driving cars34 B in contrast35 K far mor restrictive rules that卷三：26. C As one of the most brutal predators27. I may not fit the image of a cultured creature28. K a vast range of highly refined behaviors29. J which literally means "to cultivate"30. A it refers to anything that is acquired or learnt31. B have developed certain genetic adaptations that...32. 0 thereby allowing them to thrive in their cold climate33. G a range of different habitats across the globe34. F with an empire that extends from pole to pole35. M leading scientists to speculate that...温馨提示：考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对。
2019英语四级选词填空习题及答案(3)
2019英语四级选词填空习题及答案(3)Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The way you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually 1__________ you money or can add to the cost. Take the 2__________ example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the 3__________ buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest 4__________ price. But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive 5__________ to dry your hair.The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.So what principles should you 6__________ when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any valuable 7__________ in excellent condition, you'll be saving money in the long run. Before you buy a new 8__________ , talk to someone who owns one .If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular purpose. Before you buy an expensive 9 __________, or a service, do check the price and what is on offer. If possible, choose 10__________ three items or three estimates.[A]possession[B]save[C]best[D]appliance[E]material[F]from[G]simple[H]with[I]in[J]element [K]model [L]item [M]easy[N]adopt [O]reasonable。
英语四级真题之选词填空
英语四级真题之选词填空英语四级真题之选词填空无论在学习或是工作中，我们都不可避免地会接触到试题，试题是命题者按照一定的考核目的编写出来的.。
还在为找参考试题而苦恼吗？以下是店铺精心整理的英语四级真题之选词填空，希望对大家有所帮助。
英语四级真题之选词填空1Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.For decades, Americans have taken for granted the XXXX development of new technologies. The innovations(创新)XXXX opment during World War II and afterwards were(36)_____ to the prosperity of the nation in the second half of the 20th century. Those innovations, upon which virtually all aspects of(37)_____ society now depend, were possible because the United States then(38)_____ the world in mathematics and science education. Today, however, despite increasing demand for workers with strong skills in mathematics and science, the(39)_____ of degrees awarded in science, math, and engineering are decreasing.The deeling in degree production in what are called the STEM disciplines(science, technology, engineering, andmath.)seems to be(40)_____related to the comparatively weak performance by U.S. schoolchildren on international assessments of math and science. Many students entering college have weak skills in mathematics. According to the 2005 report of the Business Higher Education Forum, 22 percent of college freshmen must take remediat(补习的)math(41)_____, and less than half of the students who plan to major in science or engineering(42)_____complete a major in those fields.The result has been a decrease in the number of American college graduates who have the skills, (43)_____ in mathematics, to power a workforce that can keep the country at the forefront(前言)of innovation and maintain its standard of living. With the(44)_____ performance of American students in math and science has come increased competition from students from other countries that have strongly supported education in these areas. Many more students earn(45)_____ in the STEM disciplines in developing countries than in the United States.A.acceleratingB.actuallyC.closelyD.contemporaryE.coursesF.criticalG.decliningH.degreesI.especiallyJ.futureK.ledL.metM.proceduresN.proportionsO.sphetes英语四级真题之选词填空2In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents (答问卷者)listed “to give children a good start academically”as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented (强调个性发展的)Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools. Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children‘s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.16.We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe ________.A) Japanese parents are more involved in preschool education than American parentsB) Japan‘s economic success is a result of its scientific achievementsC) Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instructionD) Japan‘s higher education is superior to theirs17.Most Americans surveyed believe that preschools should also attach importance to ________.A) problem solvingB) group experienceC) parental guidanceD) individually-oriented development18.In Japan‘s preschool education, the focus is on ________.A) preparing children academicallyB) developing children‘s artistic interestsC) tapping children‘s potentialD) shaping children‘s character19.Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to ________.A) broaden children‘s horizonB) cultivate children‘s creativityC) lighten children‘s study loadD) enrich children‘s knowledge20.Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university -based kindergartens?A) They can do better in their future studies.B) They can accumulate more group experience there.C) They can be individually oriented when they grow up.D) They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education.英语四级真题之选词填空3Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure[A] As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing worksession in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with (继续处理) the emails that have inevitably still piled up.[B] Why should flying deplete us? We’re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can’t we be tougher, more resilient (有复原力的) and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.[C] We often take a militaristic, “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.[D] The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery—whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones—is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.[E] And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. We “stop” work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems,talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. In a study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become workaholics(工作狂). The scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.”[F] We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S. Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.[G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have th e cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.[H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. Gathering your resources to “try hard” requires burning ener gy in order toovercome your currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.[I] So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start a gain later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.[J] If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cro pley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: “Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work—e.g. in the free time between the work days, and du ring weekends, holidays or vacations.” If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.[K] If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day.[L] In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends—not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.[M] As for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but alsoincre ases one’s work efficiency.39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.43. The author has come to see that his problem results froma misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.44. People’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.英语四级真题之选词填空4Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold orflu (流感)may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That‘s because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come.The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses—flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine (疫苗), which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA.But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although theflu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for.Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms.The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms.Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome (综合症)， a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system.There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one.11.According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will help ________.A) shorten the duration of the illnessB) the patient buy medicine over the counterC) the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugsD) prevent people from catching colds and the flu12.We learn from the passage that ________.A) one doesn‘t need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the fluB) aspirin should not be included in over-the-counter medicines for the fluC) delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous systemD) over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu13.According to the passage, to combat the flu effectively, ________.A) one should identify the virus which causes itB) one should consult a doctor as soon as possibleC) one should take medicine upon catching the diseaseD) one should remain alert when the disease is spreading14.Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a cold?A) A stuffy nose.B) A high temperature.C) A sore throat.D) A dry cough15.If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents ________.A) are advised not to give them aspirinB) should watch out for signs of Reye syndromeC) are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccinationD) should prevent them from mixing with people running a fever英语四级真题之选词填空5Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960‘s and 70‘s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.A study published recently in the journal Nature shows thatair-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的)snow were declining.In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分)the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990 The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统)respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.21.The study published in the journal Nature indicates that ________.A) the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired resultsB) lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increaseC) lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expectedD) the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow22.Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US ________.A) was discouragedB) was enforced by lawC) was prohibited by lawD) was introduced23.How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?A) By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.B) By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.C) By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.D) By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.24.The authors of the Ambio study have found that ________.A) forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expectedB) lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal withC) lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the USD) the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions25.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists ________.A) are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollutionB) feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasolineC) still consider lead pollution a problemD) lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution 下载全文。
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2019英语四级选词填空练习题3题目It seems you always forget-your reading glasses when you are rushing to work, your coat when you are going to the cleaners, your credit card when you are shopping...Such absent-mindedness may be 1__________ to you; now British German scientists are developing memory glasses that record everything the 2__________ sees.The glasses can play back memories later to help the wearer remember things they have forgotten such as where they left their keys. the glasses also 3__________ the user to "label" items so that information can be used later on. The wearer could walk around an office or a factory identifying certain 4__________ by pointing at them. Objects indicated are then given a 5__________ label on a screen inside the glasses that the user then fills in.It could be used in 6__________ plants by mechanics looking to identify machine parts or by electricians wiring a 7__________ device.A spokesman for the project said: "A car mechanic for 8__________ could find at a glance where a part on a certain car model is so that it can be identified repaired. For the motorist the system could 9__________ accident black spots or dangers on the road."In other cases the glasses could be worn by people going on a guided tour, 10__________ points of interest or by people looking at panoramas where all the sitescould be identified.[A] allow[B] instance[C] blank[D] industrial[E] frustrating[F] items[G] indicating[H] highlight[I] user[J] complicated[K] white[L] annoying[M] successful[N] articles[O] simple答案分析1.E 空格处需填一形容词，即从E、J、L、M中选择。
过去分词一般用于主语是人的句子，排除J;结合常理，忘性大常常令人懊恼，故E最符合文章。
2. I 根据定语从句谓语see可知，主语要么是人要么是眼镜，由下句the use的提示，故选I。
3. A 该空需填入一个动词，即从备选项A、H中选择，有allow sb. to do sth.的结构，且语义符合文意，故选A。
4. F 由上文的label items可推知F最符合文意。
5. C 该空需填入一个形容词，由下文的fill in可推知C(空白的)最符合文意。
6. D 由该句中的相关信息词mechanics(机械师)和identify machine parts可推知D 最符合文意。
7. J 该空需填入一个形容词修饰名词device(设备)，由常识可知工厂里的设备通常都很复杂，正因为复杂，不容易记住，才有必要使用这种新型眼镜，故J最符合文意。
8. B 该句主句的基本句子结构是A car mechanic could find where a part is，介词for和应填的词在句中作插入万分，结合选项，B最符合文意。
9. H 该空应填入动词原形，从词义上能排出A，H符合文意。
10. G 分析句子结构可知，该空应填入一个非谓语动词，结合句意"在其他情况下，人们可以戴着这种眼镜随团旅游，________名胜景点…"可知，G(指示)最符合文意。
题目There's no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, are we 1__________ to slow the devastation by controlling our insatiable 2__________ for fossil fuels?Global warming can seem too 3__________ to worry about, or toouncertain-something projected by the same computer 4__________ that often can't get next week's weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldn't be such a bad thing anyway. no doubt about it: Warnings about5__________ change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars restrict our lifestyles.Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news. From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, fast. Globally, the 6__________ is up 1°F over the past century, but some of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results aren't pretty. Ice is 7__________ , rivers are running dry, coasts are 8__________ , threatening communities.The 9__________ are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldn't be out of mind, because they are omens of what's in store for the 10__________ of the planet.[A]remote[B]techniques[C]consisting[D]rest[E]willing[F]climate[G]skill[H]appetite[I]melting[J]vanishing[K]eroding[L]temperature[M]curiosity[N]changes[O]skillful全文翻译毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越热。
但是，真正的问题是：气候变暖的程度是我们的错，我们愿意通过控制我们对矿石燃料无止境的欲望来减缓地球变暖吗?全球气候变暖似乎离我们太遥远，以至于我们无需为此担心;或者太难以确定，我们无法用计算机技术来测定，同样的计算机技术往往难以正确地预报下周的天气情况。
在一个阴冷的冬日，你可能会觉得，变暖几度无论如何也不是件糟糕的事情。
毫无疑问，气候变化的警告听上去就像一个环保主义者的恐吓策略，迫使我们远离汽车，限制我们的生活方式。
这些也许是安慰的想法。
然而，不幸的是，地球给我们带来一些不安的消息。
从阿拉斯加到安第斯山的雪峰，全球都在快速升温。
上个世纪，全球温度上升了1华氏度，但是有些最冷、最偏远的地方却远不止如此。
这些结果非常不妙。
冰层正在融化，河流正在干枯，海岸正在受侵蚀，我们的社区正在受到威胁。
很大程度上，这些正在发生的变化处于我们的视野之外。
但是，他们不应该被忽视，因为他们预示着地球的其他地方将会发生什么样的情况。
答案分析1.【解析】[E]此处应填入E项，be willing to 为固定搭配。
2.【解析】[H]此处应填入一个名词，而appetite通常和介词for搭配，此处句子的意思为控制我们无止境的欲望。
3.【解析】[A]此处应填入一个形容词，根据上下文意思应选A项，意即:全球气候变暖似乎离我们太遥远，以至于我们无需为此担心。
4.【解析】[B]此处应填入一个名词，而与computer 搭配的名词在选项中根据上下文意思B为正确选项。
5.【解析】[F]根据上下文意思此处应表达气候变化之意，因此F为正确选项。
6.【解析】[L]该题较为简单，表示"上个世纪全球的气温上升了1华氏度"，应能迅速找出正确答案。
7.【解析】[I]显然ice 与melt 搭配，因此I为正确选项。
8.【解析】[K]此处应填入一个现在分词，表示"海岸受到侵蚀"，因此应选K项。