状语从句讲解和练习
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状语从句
状语从句修饰主句/主句的谓语。一般有九大类:表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式等。
时间状语从句
1. 用when引导:when表示“当……时候”。如:
Things were different when I was a child. 我小时候情况与现在不同。
People breathe more slowly when they are asleep. 人睡觉时呼吸比较缓慢。
2. 用while引导:while表示“当……时候”。如:
We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。
I went swimming while the others played tennis. 我去游泳,其余的人都打网球去了。
注意:while 所引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词必须是持续性的,不能是短暂性的。
3. 用as引导:as表示“当……时候”“随着”。如:
He dropped the glass as he stood up. 他站起来时,把杯子摔了。
We get wiser as we get old. 随着年岁的增长,我们也变得聪明些了。
4. 用before引导:before表示“在……之前”。如:
Turn off the lights before you go to bed. 睡觉前要关灯。
Before he went to university he was a worker. 上大学之前他是工人。
5. 用after引导:after表示“在……之后”。如:
I will tell you after they leave. 他们走我再告诉你。
After you finish the letter show it to me.信写完后给我看看。
6. 用until / till引导:until / till表示“直到……”。如:
He waited until she was about to leave. 他等着一直到她准备离开。
I watched him until he disappeared in the distance. 我瞧着他直到他在远处消失。
这类句型的主句动词通常只能是延续性动词,不能是终止性动词。但是,在否定句中,主句动词可以是终止性动词,此时构成not…ntil [till]…句式,意为“直到……才……”。如:
She didn’t marry until she was over fifty. 她直到五十多岁才结婚。
We’d better not go until your sister arrives. 我们最好等你姐姐到了再走。
7. 用since引导:since表示“自从……以来”。如:
We have known each other since we were children. 我们从小认识。
They’ve moved twice since they got married. 他们结婚后已搬了两次家。
这类句子的主句通常用现在完成时。但是,当主句表示一段时间时,可用一般现在时代替现在完成时。如:
It’s a long time since we met last. 好久没见面了。
How long is it since you came in London? 你来伦敦有多久了?
地点状语从句
地点状语从句多由where或wherever引起:
原因状语从句:
原因状语从句多由because,as,since,seeing(that),considering that等连词引起:
他英语是讲得很好的。
以利用。
目的状语从句
表示目的状语的从句可以由that(以便),so that(以便),in order that(为了;以便),Lest(免得;唯恐),in case(以防),for fear that(生怕;以免)等引导。
Lucy puts on her new skirt that she can receive others’ praise.Lucy为了获得他人的赞美,穿上了她的新裙子。
Mr Black eats four bowls of rice a day so that he can keep strong.为了保持强壮,Mr Black每天吃四碗饭。
I went to bed early in order that I could get up early.为了早起,我早早地就睡觉了。
I carried a bag of food lest there are no shops around.以防周围没有商店,我带了一包食物。
Lee takes more money in case the price of items is too high.以防物价太高,Lee带了很多钱。
He ran home as fast as he can for fear that it rains.他飞快地往家跑,生怕下雨。
结果状语从句
结果状语从句表示主句动作的结果,通常由so…that…或such…that…引导,例如:
a) I am so angry that I cannot speak a word. 我气的说不出话来。
b) I am such an angry man that I cannot speak a word. 我气的说不出话来。
细心的同学一定发现,so…that…和such…that…之间的微妙区别了吧?So后面加形容词或副词,而such后面要加名词或名词词组。例如:
a) He is so young that he can't go to school.他还太小不能上学。
b) He is such a young boy that he can't go to school.他还太小不能上学。
除此之外,so that也可以引导结果状语从句,例如:
a) I got up late this morning so that I missed the bus. 我早上起晚了,没看上公交。
有时候,so that可以省略其中的so或that。例如:
a) I got up late this morning so I missed the bus.
b) I got up late this morning that I missed the bus.
条件状语从句
常用引导词:if, unless, as/so long as 只要, only if只要, providing/provided that 假如, supposing that, in case that, on condition that。
条件状语从句的基本用法