虚拟语气(二)
德语虚拟语气第二虚拟式总结
德语虚拟语气第二虚拟式总结公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-第二虚拟式的常见句型主动式I - 非现实条件句基本句型：A- 过去时Wenn ich Zeit haette, ginge ich mit ihr ins Kino.Ich ginge mit ihr ins Kino, wenn ich Zeit haette.Haette ich Zeit, ginge ich mit ihr ins Kino.我若有时间，就和她去看电影。
(事实上我没时间。
)B- 过去完成时Wenn ich gestern Zeit gehabt haette, waere ich mit ihr ins Kino gegangen.Ich waere mit ihr ins Kino gegangen, wenn ich gestern Zeit gehabt haette.Haette ich gestern Zeit gehabt, waere ich mit ihr ins Kino gegangen. 我昨天要是有时间的话，就跟她去看电影了。
以下动词习惯于直接用动词虚拟式形式，而不利用下面要说的条件式句型：waere, haette, kaeme, gaebe, wuesste, taete, faende 等例如：Ich waere auch gern Lehrer.我希望我也是个老师。
(可我不是。
)陈述句型和对应的虚拟式句型：陈述式的句子结构第二虚拟式虚拟式的句子结构主动式--------------------------------------------------过去时过去完成时Ich war nicht fleissig.Ich bin nicht fleissig gewesen. Ich waere fleissig gewesen, wenn...Ich war nicht fleissig gewesen.Ich hatte kein Interesse.Ich habe kein Interesse gehabt. Ich haette mehr Interesse gehabt, wenn...Ich hatte kein Interesse gehabt.Ich wollte nicht lernen.Ich habe nicht lernen wollen. Ich haette besser lernen wollen, wenn...Ich hatte nicht lernen wollen.非现实条件句中主句和从句的时态关系：主句时态：从句时态所表示的时间1)第二虚拟式过去时第二虚拟式过去时现在和将来或第一条件式或第一条件式Ich kaeme gerne, wenn ich Zeit haette.Ich wuerde gerne kommen, wenn ich Zeit haette.假如我有时间，我原因去。
德语虚拟语气第二虚拟式总结
德语虚拟语气第二虚拟式总结一、表达假设和条件的情况：1.客观条件假设：如果句子的条件部分与现实相符，虚拟语气使用第一虚拟式；如果条件部分与现实相反，虚拟语气使用第二虚拟式。
例如：-如果我有时间，我就去你家。
- Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich zu dir kommen.2.主观条件假设：当句子表达的条件是与说话人主观判断有关的情况时，虚拟语气使用第二虚拟式。
例如：-如果我是你，我就不买那件衣服。
- Wenn ich du wäre, würde ich das Kleid nicht kaufen.二、表达愿望和建议的情况：1.表达愿望：使用"ich hoffe", "ich wünsche mir", "ich hätte gern"等表达愿望的动词，后跟虚拟语气的第二虚拟式。
例如：-我希望我能和你一起去旅行。
- Ich hoffe, dass ich mit dir verreisen könnte.2.表达建议：使用"ich würde vorschlagen"、"es wäre besser"等表达建议的句型时，后跟虚拟语气的第二虚拟式。
例如：-我建议你明天早点来。
- Ich würde vorschlagen, dass du morgen früher kommst.三、其他用法：1. 与"dürfen"连用，表示礼貌的建议或请求。
例如：- Du dürftest besser das Fenster schließen.-你最好关上窗户。
2. 表达抱怨或愤怒的情绪，通常通过"es ist schade"或"es ist unzufrieden"等表达方式。
if条件句中的虚拟语气(二)(讲义)-精选学习文档
1. 通过本课的学习，能够全面掌握if虚拟条件句的几种较复杂和特殊的情况。
2. 通过本课的学习，能够准确运用错综时间虚拟条件句、虚拟倒装句和含蓄虚拟语气等。
重点：掌握错综时间的虚拟语气以及虚拟倒装句的具体规则。
难点：能够在解题过程中熟练识别和运用含蓄虚拟条件句。
近几年高考对于虚拟语气的考查主要集中在语法填空和书面表达中，语法填空涉及动词提示词的填空中多次出现对虚拟语气的考查，考查难度不大。
一、错综时间虚拟条件句：有些条件句中主句的谓语和从句的谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致，这类句子称为错综时间条件句。
当虚拟条件状语从句与主句所虚拟的时间不一致（如从句虚拟过去，而主句虚拟现在或将来）时，主句、从句中谓语动词的形式须依据各自所表示的时间，综合if虚拟条件句的三种基本类型进行调整。
If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now.如果你听了我的话，你现在就不会有这样的麻烦了。
（过去→现在）If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the movie last night.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那部电影。
（现在→过去）If they had left home early, they would arrive in half an hour.要是他们早离开家的话，再过半个小时就该到了。
（过去→将来）If Monica should arrive today, she must have started three days ago.如果莫尼卡今天到达的话，那她一定是在三天前就动身了。
（将来→过去）If you had studied hard last year, you would be a college student now.要是你去年努力学习的话，现在你就是个大学生了。
If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.如果昨天下雨了的话，地面现在就应该是湿的。
虚拟语气第二条件句
虚拟语气第二条件句虚拟语气第二条件句，这可真是个有趣又有点小复杂的东西呢。
咱就说这虚拟语气第二条件句啊，它常常是用来描述那些和现实不太一样的情况，就好像是在做白日梦一样。
比如说，要是我有一双翅膀，我就会飞到天上去看看云彩到底是不是像棉花糖一样软。
这就是虚拟语气第二条件句的感觉。
它的结构呢，一般是“if + 过去式，would + 动词原形”。
可别小看这个结构，它能表达出好多很奇妙的想法。
就像我有个朋友，他老是说如果他是个百万富翁，他就会买一个超级大的房子，里面有各种各样的游戏室和游泳池。
他这就是在使用虚拟语气第二条件句啊。
你看，在现实里他不是百万富翁，这是一种和现实相反的假设，然后在这个假设下他会做的事情就是买大房子那些。
这就好比我们在画画，现实是一张白纸，虚拟语气第二条件句就是我们用想象的画笔在这白纸上画出的另一个世界。
那为啥我们要学这个虚拟语气第二条件句呢？这就像是我们学会了一种魔法咒语一样。
有时候我们心里有很多想法，这些想法在现实里可能很难实现，但是用这个虚拟语气第二条件句就可以把它们说出来。
比如说，要是我能回到过去，我就会告诉小时候的自己要好好学习数学。
这多有意思啊。
再比如说，假如我是个超级明星，我就会开一场免费的演唱会。
在这个句子里，“假如我是个超级明星”这部分是假设，而且是和现在的实际情况不一样的假设，我现在不是超级明星嘛。
然后“我就会开一场免费的演唱会”就是在这个假设下我会做的事情。
这就像我们在搭积木，先搭了一个不存在的基础，然后在这个基础上再搭建出我们想要的东西。
有时候我们在和朋友聊天的时候也经常会用到这个虚拟语气第二条件句。
你可能会说，如果明天不用上班，我就会睡一整天。
这就是一种对现状的一种“反叛”式的想象，现实是明天要上班，但是我们通过这个句子想象出了一个不一样的情况。
这就像我们在一个规矩很多的盒子里，突然用虚拟语气第二条件句打开了一个小窗口，看到了盒子外面不一样的风景。
我们还可以用这个来给别人提建议呢。
高二英语选修六_名师语法：虚拟语气详解(2)
名师语法：虚拟语气详解（2）概念引入上一单元我们学习了虚拟语气中与现在、将来事实相反的虚拟条件句及宾语从句的虚拟语气。
本单元要继续学习虚拟语气中与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，及虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用。
首先，我们先看下面含虚拟语气的句子：1. We would have won, if Jack had scored t hat goal.2. We would have won if we hadn’t stayed up so late the night before.3. We would have won the championship, if we had got Mr Han to coach us.4. If she had studied harder, she would have got the diploma.这些句子都是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
下面我们就来学习这部分内容。
用法讲解与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句虚拟条件句的动词形式假设类型条件从句（if从句）谓语动词主句的谓语动词与现在事实相反一般过去式(be用were) would/should/might/could +动词原形与将来事实可能相反1）一般过去式(be只用were)2）were to + 动词原形;3）should + 动词原形would/should/might/could+动词原形与过去事实相反had done would/should/might/could + have 过去分词从表格可知，虚拟条件句与过去事实相反时，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时，而主句的谓语用would/should/might/could加现在完成时形式。
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
2283 虚拟语气二
一单选1. If you were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday.A. will allowB. should allowC. would have allowedD. had allowed2.If I ____ more time, I would have gone with him.A. hadB. had hadC. have hadD. would have3. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ____ to the meeting.A. would comeB. cameC. would have comeD. had come4. Without electricity, human life _____ quite different today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be5.If it ___ tomorrow, what would we do?A. rainsB. were to rainC. would rainD. rain6. But for the party（党）, he ___ of hunger 30 years ago.A. would have diedB. would dieC. must have diedD. must die7. _____ today, he would get there for holiday.A. Was he leavingB. Were he to leaveC. Would he leaveD. If he leaves8. I would have come earlier, but I ___ that you were waiting for me.A. didn’t knowB. hadn’t knowC. would have knownD. haven’t known9.I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _____ your birthday party.A. attendedB. had attendedC. would attendD. would have attended10.I didn’t know his telephone number. ____ it, I ____ then.A. Had I known, would ring him upB. Should I know, would have rung him upC. If I knew; would ring him upD. Had I known; would have rung him up11.If you___ hard at school then ,you___ a college student now and would get a good job in the future.A. had studied; would have beenB. would have been; could beC. had studied; would beD. studied; could be12. ________ some information, she could have answered the questions.A. She had been givenB. If she was given C .Had if she been given D. Had she been given13.If I ____ where he lived，I ____ a note to him.A. knew，willB. had known，would have sentC. know，would sendD. knew，would have sent14. If they ____ earlier than expected，they ____ here now.A. had started，would beB. started，might beC. had started，would have beenD. will start，might have been15.Were I to do it，I ________ it some other way.A. will doB. would doC. would have doneD. were to do16.Without your help，we________ so much.A. won't achieveB. didn't achieveC. don't achieveD. wouldn't have achieved17. You didn't take his advice. ________ his advice，you ________ such a mistake.A. Had you taken，wouldn't have madeB. If you had taken，would makeC. Were you lo take，shouldn't have madeD. Have you taken，won't have made18. ---- If he_____，he ______ that food.---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned，would not takeB. had been warned，would not have takenC. would be warned，had not takenD. would have been warned，had not taken19. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she _________，she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come20.I regret not having taken your advice. Otherwise I __________this mistake.A. didn’t makeB. would not makeC. hadn’t madeD. wouldn’t have made二用适当的动词形式填空1.Without electricity, human life ______________________(be) quite different today.2.We ____________________________(lose) our lives had it not been for the policeman.3.If the captain _________________________(be) more careful, his ship would not have sunk.4.Were it not for the snowy weather, we ___________________(be) all right.5.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____________________________(score) a goal.6.If they ___________________(start) the early morning yesterday, they ___________________(be)here now.7.You didn’t let me driv e. If we ___________________(drive)in turn, you wouldn’t have got so tired.8. _____ it rain tomorrow, we would put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.9.If it __________________________(not snow) yesterday, we could play football on the sports ground now.10.Without your help, I _____________________________________(not succeed)in my English study.虚拟语气二虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用一. 一坚持(insist)二命令(order., command)三建议(advise, suggest, propose/ recommend)四要求(demand, require ,request ,ask)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用虚拟语气，动词形式为"should + do", should可以省略。
if虚拟语气用法讲义(二)2022届高考英语二轮复习语法专题
if虚拟的用法（二）if虚拟条件句的省略当if虚拟条件句中有were/had/should，省略if，将were/had/should提前。
（一去二提）【例句】1.If Li Yifeng were my boyfriend, I would be the happiest girl in the world.→Were Li Yifeng my boyfriend, I would be the happiest girl in the world.2.If I had finished my task, I would have been in Beijing.→________________________________________________.3.If he should go to the zoo, we would have a happy hour together.→_________________________________________________.4.If he shouldn’t go to the zoo, we would be very sad.Should he not go to the zoo, we would be very sad.（否定词not不动，只将should提前）当遇到否定词not时，不能与were、had、should缩略,not 仍然放在主语后面。
If I hadn’t warned you,you could have been killed.→________________________________________.【总结】if虚拟语气从句中有_____、_____、______,省略_______,将______、_______、________提前。
【练一练】1._______ hard,he would have passed the exam.A.If he were to workB.Had he workedB.Should he work D.Were he to work2._______ you have a meeting tomorrow,I would have to put off to visit you.A.WereB.WouldC.ShouldD.will3.Had you come earlier,you ________ her.A.would have metB. would meetC.will meetD.should meet4.Should you have a meeting tomorrow, I _________ (have to) put off to visit you.5._________ (I be) in your position, I would not take his money.三、if虚拟条件句的错综【回顾】从句主句与现在事实相反的假设did would/should/could/might +do与将来事实相反的假设did/were to/should do would/should/could/might+do与过去事实相反的假设had done would/should/could/might +have done 【概念】If I had taken medicine last night, I would be better now.If you had listened to the doctor,you would be all right now.If I were you,I would have gone home 2 hours ago.错综的意思：if虚拟条件句中主句和从句时间不一致，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间加以调整。
虚拟语气(二)
与过去情况 过去完成式 相反的假设 (had +done)
would / could / might / should +have done
与将来情况 可能相反的 假设
①过去式 (did)/(were) would / could / might /
②should + do
shouldห้องสมุดไป่ตู้+ do
③were to do
1.宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持：insist 三个命令：order, command，instruct 四个建议：advise, suggest, recommend, propose 五个要求：demand , require, request, desire
这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气 用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + V原 形，或者将should省略。
4. It rained yesterday. If it _h_a_d__b_e_e_n__(be) fine yesterday, I w__o_u_ld_h_a_v_e__g_o_n_e___(go)there.
5. If he _s_h_o_u_ld_/_w_e_r_e_t_o_c_o_m__e__(come) tomorrow, what _s_h_o_u_l_d___we _s_a_y______(say) to him?
If it were not for ---/If it had not been for ---
Fill in the blanks
1. I am not free today. If I __w_e_r_e__(be)free today, I __w_o_u_l_d_g__o_(go) and visit some of my friends.
外研版选修6Module 6 Section Ⅲ Grammar — 虚拟语气(2)
Grammar— 虚拟语气(2)
探究发现
①I wish I knew the answer to the question at the moment. ②We wish we had studied harder when at school. ③I wish I could fly to the moon one day. ④I'd rather you paid the money yourself. ⑤I'd rather she hadn't done that then. ⑥The workers demanded that their wages (should) be increased.
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting tonight. 我建议我们今晚开个会。
He insisted we (should) stop at a small restaurant just outside of Atlanta.
他坚持让我们在亚特兰大市外不远的一家小餐馆歇歇脚。
I would rather we had a rest now.
二、虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用 1．在“it is essentபைடு நூலகம்al/important/necessary/strange/surprising ... ＋that从句”中，that从句是真正的主语从句，从句中的谓语用 “should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。 It's strange that tourists (should) never visit this village. 很奇怪，游客竟然从不参观这个村子。
高中英语-虚拟语气(二)
the conference wouldn't have been so
successful.
A. haven’t made B. wouldn’t make
C. didn’t make
D. hadn’t made
【解析】句意：如果不是我们做好了充分的准
备，会议不可能这么成功。这是条件句中的虚
拟语气，主句谓语用的是wouldn't have been，
宾语从句中的动词用should + v, 或should省略
•The doctor ordered she should be operated.
我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚持要我与他同行。 他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。 老师要求作业要及时完成。
We suggested _(_th__a_t)_T__o_m__h_a_v_e_a__r_es_t. He insisted _(t_h_a_t_)_I_(_s_h_o_u_ld__)_g_o__w_i_th__h_i_m_ . They requested (that) Tom _(_s_h_o_u_l_d_)_b_e_s_e_n_t_t_o_w__o_r_k_t_h_e_r_e_______ .
3. would rather引导的宾语从句中的虚拟 语气
sb did … 与现在或将来
情况相反
would rather
宁愿，但愿
sb had done … 与过去情况相反
I would rather you returned me my money now. I would rather you came tomorrow. I would rather we hadn’t told her the bad news.
虚拟语气二
It’s 你该走了。 high time that you went. It’s high time that you should go. 我们该去睡觉了 It’s time that we went to bed. 。 It’s time that we should go to bed.
• 8.(2003上海春季高考题 上海春季高考题)Look at the trouble 上海春季高考题 I am in! If only I ________ your advice. • A.followed B.would follow • C.had followed D.should follow • 9.She insisted that she ________ ill of him behind him，but he didn’t believe it. ， ’ • A.hadn’t spoken B.shouldn’t ’ ’ speak • C.wouldn’t speak D.not speak ’
虚拟语气
3. Simon looks as though he never ___ a square meal(吃得饱 though his 吃得饱), 吃得饱 parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get 4. He is talking so much about America as if he ___ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been 5. I ___ you some money, but I hadn’t got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent
情态动词与虚拟语气(二)
情态动词与虚拟语气（二）题一— It was the drug, not the disease, that killed the boy.— He would be still alive today if he ______ that drug.A. not takeB. shouldn’t have takenC. didn’t takeD. hadn’t taken题二He didn’t come yesterday, or you ________ him.A.would seeB.were to seeC.might have seenD.had seen题三But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A. would not winB. would not have wonC. would winD. would have won题四Our former math teacher died of cancer last term, otherwise he ________.A.will still workB.should still workC.would still have workedD.would still be working题五—Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?— Sorry, I am not sure.But it be _____ ?A. mightB. willC. mustD. can题六Don’t come tomorrow. I _____ that you came next weekend.A. canB. shallC.mustD. would rather题七— Could I have a word with you，mum?— Oh dear, if you _____.A. canB. mustC. mayD. should—Will you stay for lunch ?—Sorry, _____. My brother is coming to see me .A. I mustn’tB. I can’tC. I need n’tD. I won’t—Make sure that the windows are shut before you leave.—OK，I _____.A. mustB.doC. willD.can题八The doctor said, “Sir, you be sitting in this waiting-room. It’s for the children only.”A. needn’t B. may not C. oughtn’t to D. won’t课后练习详解题一答案：D详解：由It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy.可知，if条件句是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句的谓语动词应用过去完成时。
高中英语真题-虚拟语气(二)
虚拟语气（二）上期我们学习了非真实条件句中虚拟语气的运用，本期我们将重点讲解虚拟语气在其它句式中的运用。
1. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句◆wish后的宾语从句从句谓语可用一般过去式（be动词多用were）表示与现在事实相反的假设；用“had +过去分词”表示与过去事实相反的假设；用“would +动词原形”表示一种希望。
如：I wish I were a bit taller.I wish I had more time.I wish you hadn’t told me all this.I wish you would stay a little longer.◆w ould rather后的宾语从句从句谓语多用相当于过去式的形式，表示现在或将来的情况。
如：—Do you mind if I smoke here?—I’d rather you didn’t.Nancy would rather came to see her tomorrow.◆在command, demand, desire, insist, order, request, require, sug gest, urge等表示要求、坚持、命令、建议、愿望等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should +动词原形”，should可以省略。
如：They demanded that the report (should) be made public. Barbara insisted that I (should) stay and fight.注意：①当suggest表示“暗示，说明”，insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时，从句谓语不用虚拟语气，而用正常的陈述语气。
如：All the evidence suggests that he stole the money.She kept insisting that she was innocent.②suggestion, order, request, insistence等名词后的that从句中，谓语也用虚拟语气，即：“should +动词原形”，should可以省略。
高考英语一轮复习：虚拟语气(二)
高考英语一轮复习：虚拟语气（二）姓名：__________ 班级：__________学号：__________一、单选题1.She looks as if she _____ ten years younger.A. isB. wasC. wereD. had been2.If the spoilt boy _______ how to behave properly, he wouldn't have lost face in public.A. had been taughtB. would be taughtC. should be taughtD. were taught3.—Oh, dear. I'm really very busy now.— Would you rather that I to you about my experience at school?A. shouldn't speakB. didn't speakC. don't speakD. won't speak4.—What do you think of a house supplied by Lovell?— you buy a home from Lovell，the company promises to buy it back at the same price after three years.A. ShouldB. MustC. CouldD. Would5.But for her timely assistance，the prince___________ to death.A. would be condemnedB. will be condemnedC. would have been condemnedD. will have been condemned6.________ the danger of traveling on the lonely island, they would not be trapped now.A. Have they been informed ofB. Were they informed ofC. Should they be informed ofD. Had they been informed of7.We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold __________us a ride home.A. didn't offerB. wouldn't offerC. hasn't offeredD. hadn't offered8.How I wish I _____________in their discussion, or I would write this composition easily now.A. could joinB. had joinedC. joinedD. join9.She dreamt of becoming a writer when she was young. Who _______ she'd end up dancing for a living?A. thoughtB. had thoughtC. would thinkD. would have thought10.ZhouYang can't thank her parents ______much because without their help she _____have won the first place in the Winter Olympic Games.A. very; shouldn'tB. that; might notC. too; wouldn'tD. so; couldn't11.Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005.A. had not fallenB. would not fallC. did not fallD. would not have fallen12.—What do you think of Sam, the newcomer?—Well, he talks as if he ________ everything.A. had knownB. has knownC. knewD. will know13.Previously we wish some of the things ________ effortless, but we now find them unattainable.A. wasB. had beenC. wereD. has been14.The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.A. should have takenB. could have takenC. needn't have takenD. mustn't have taken15.His parents insisted that he __________English well when he was in junior school.A. would learnB. must learnC. learnedD. learn二、单词拼写（词汇运用）16.Some classmates suggest we ________ go to places of interest nearby.17.I would rather you (采用) my following suggestions.18.If he (尝试) to study harder, he wouldn't have lived a poor living.19.If the man ________(收养) a homeless child, he would not suffer so much now.20.His teacher suggested that he c________ (请教) more experts for further evidence.三、语法填空21.The doctor recommended that you ________(not swim) after eating a large meal.22.He suggested we ________(leave) before the sunset.23.We requested that the task (complete) by the end of this week.24.I'm glad I went over all my notes; otherwise I ________ (fail).25.I suggested that you (leave) for airport an hour earlier.26.It's high time that measures ________(take) to prevent the air from being polluted.27.The doctor suggests that he ________ (take) a rest. （用所给单词适当形式填空）28.The headmaster suggested that the sports meeting (put) off until next week.29.I wish that you (not have) such a bad headache because I'm sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.30.If I ________ you, I would do it in my own way. (虚拟语气)答案解析部分一、单选题1. C2. A3. B4. A5. C6. D7. D8. B9. D10. C11. D12. C13. B14. C15. D二、单词拼写（词汇运用）16. should17. adopted18. had attempted19. had adopted20. consult三、语法填空21. shouldn't swim22. (should) leave23. (should) be completed24. would have failed25. (should) leave26.were taken27. (should) take28. be put29. hadn't had30. were。
虚拟语气二(wish及其它)
虚拟语气(二) the Subjunctive Mood
一. （1）.表示要求,命令,建议的词引导的宾语从 句用虚拟语气 一个坚持 __in_s_i_s_t ________
两个命令 _o_r_d_e_r_, _c_om__m_a_n_d_
三个建议 _a_d_v_is_e_,_s_u_g_g_e_st_,_p_r_o_p_o_se_______
四个要求 _de_m__a_n_d_,_re_q_u_i_r_e_, r_e_q_u_e_s_t,_d_e_s_i_re_ 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。
从句中的动词使用should + 动词原形, 或者将
should省略。
The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.
与现在事实相反
过去时（were）
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
与将来 事实相反
would/could/might+ 动词原形
He wished he _h_a_d__n_e_ve_r__b_ee_n__in_v_o_l_v_e_d_in such affairs. (involve)
I wish I _w_e_r_e__a bird. (be)
I would rather you could teach me again. I would rather__th_e_y__ca_m__e_t_o_m_o_r_r_o_w__. 我宁愿他们明天来。
The manager would rather that his secretary__w_e_n_t_t_o_t_h_e_m__e_e_ti_n_g_i_n_st_e_a_d_o_f_h_i_m___. 经理宁愿他的秘书代替他去开会。
7第七讲：虚拟语气(2),动词不定式(1)
第七讲：虚拟语气（2），动词不定式（1）一．新概念课文中的经典例句：If you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner. (NCEII,40)There was a danger that if she travelled too quickly, this rudder would be torn away as well.(NCEIII,25)Without it, nothing could be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in a state of chaos. (NCEIII,60)二．语法规则与真题（例题）讲解：1.考察虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法在if 引导的虚拟条件句中，若表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用―动词过去式（be 的过去式用were ）,主句谓语用―would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词‖；若表示与将来事实相反，从句谓语用―动词过去式（were to +动词原形，should+动词原形）‖，主句谓语用―would(should, could, might)+动词原形‖。
若把从句中were, should 或had移到句首，可省略从句的连词if 并使用倒装语序.2.考查通过上下文或介词短语表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气的用法在英语中，有时假设的条件不是通过if 条件句表达出来，而是通过上下文或without, but for 等介词构成的短语表达，其谓形式要根据所假设的时间，与if 从句所表达的时间对应，确定主句谓语形式。
3.考查虚拟语气在as if 引导的方式状语或表语从句中的用法As if 引导的方式状语或表语从句，谓语动词用―一般过去式‖表示与现在事实相反；用―would(might, could)+动词原形‖表示与将来事实相反。
虚拟语气2
虚拟语气（2）一、名词性从句中的虚拟语气1.一“坚持” (insist) ,二“命令” (order, command) ,四“建议” (advise, suggest, propose, recommend) , + (that) sb (should) do ...五“要求” (ask, demand, require, request, desire)(that) sb / sth (should) be done【翻译】我们建议Tom 去休息一下。
他坚持要我与他同行。
他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。
老师要求作业要及时完成。
2. 这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用（should ）do1）It is suggested that we (should) practise reading English everyday.2）The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should) practise reading English everyday.3）The teacher give us a suggestion that we (should) practise reading English everyday.【熟记下列句型】*It is ordered / commanded / suggested / advised / requested / required / demanded …that …(should) do *The / One’s insistence / order / command / suggestion / advice / proposal / recommendation / request / requirement / demand / desire is / was that …(should) do*a / the suggestion / request (等) that … (should) do…3. wish 的宾语从句与现在事实相反: 一般过去时( be 用were )Wish 与过去事实相反: 过去完成时与将来事实相反: would/could +V.原(不用should)二、虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式:1. would ratherI would rather you returned me my money now.I would rather you came tomorrow.I would rather we hadn’t told her the bad news yesterday.与现在事实相反: 一般过去时( be 用were )Would rather 与过去事实相反: 过去完成时与将来事实相反: 一般过去时2. as if / as though1). 从句的动作与主句动作同时发生(可以理解成与现在事实相反)He behaves as if he______(own) the house.He behaves as if he ______ (be) the owner of the house.2). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之前(可以理解成与过去事实相反)She talked about Rome as though she __________ (be) there herself.3). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之后(可以理解成与将来事实相反)He coughed (咳嗽) twice as if someone would come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。
虚拟语气练习(二)
❤虚拟语气练习(二)1. My father insisted that I_____ to sea.A. (should)not goB.(would)not goC. (could)not goD.(might)not go2. I_____ to you party, but I didn’t have time.A. would have comeB. should comeC. could have comeD. would come3. It____ difficult for a more careful person to find such a mistake.A. should not beB. would not beC. should have not beenD. would have not been4. If you _____the movie that late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.A. haven’t watchedB. didn’t watchC. hadn’t watchedD. wouldn’t have watched5. I would have gone swimming yesterday afternoon if I ____ time.A. hadB. have had C .had had D. would have had6. If it____, the crops would be saved.A. should rainB. would rainC. will rainD. is to rain7.____the friendship between us last forever!A. CouldB. WillC. MayD. Wish8. If only you _____the doctor’s advice!A. listen toB. has listened toC. had listened toD. had listened9. If she_____ tomorrow. I would tell her the news.A. comeB. would comeC. to comeD. should come10. It is required that every bicycle rider, whoever he may be,_____ tax at the beginning of each year.A. paysB. payC. would payD. to pay11. The lift wasn’t working when I come back last night .If it ____,I would have to use the stairs.A. is still not workingB. was still not workingC. were still not workingD. would still not working12. If she____ more polite, she_____ less trouble.A. had been, would have had B .was, would have hadC. were, hadn’t hadD. were, would have13.--Where have you been?--I got caught in traffic, ____I should have been here soon.A .howeverB .although C. anyway D. otherwise14.—He is a very brave man.--Yes, I wish I ____his courage.A. haveB. had C .will have D. would have15. Without your help, we____ in such a short time.A. will not do itB. did not do itC. cannot have done itD. wouldn’t have done it16. It is high time you _____ mind.A.changeB. changedC. need change D .are to change17. Were the shirt cheaper, I ____ It.A. should buyB. should have boughtC. buyD. bought18. May you ____in good health!A. areB. beC. wereD. would be19. What ______, if there were no air, water or sun?A. would be happenedB. would happenC. happenedD. happen20. If the sun ____ rise in the west, my love for you would be changed one day.A. willB. wereC. were toD. shall21．The chairman requested that______.A. the members studies more carefully the problemB. the problem was more carefully studiedC. with more carefulness study the problemD. the members study the problem more carefully22. --I’ll tell Mary about her new job.--You _____her last week.A. ought to tellB. must tellC. would have toldD. should have told23. --What is your opinion?--It’s natural that an employee _____h is work on time.A. finishesB. to enterC. can finishD. finish24. My sister is thirteen, but she talked as if she _____ the Long March.A. has taken part inB. took part inC. takes part inD. had taken part in25. If he _____ business, he might become a rich man.A. enterB. to enterC. should enterD. entered26. If he _____ a gentleman, he _____things like that!A, were, would not have said B. would be, would not have saidC. were, would not saidD. was, would not said27. It was the drug, not the disease, that killed him. He would still be alive if he ___ that drug.A. didn’t takeB. would not takeC. have not takenD. had not taken28. Supposing you _____ write, what would you do?A. couldn’tB. can’tC. may notD. are unable29. How I wish I _____ such a good chance before.A. didn’t missB. hadn’t missC. metD. have got30. -Did you go to see football match yesterday?-No, I felt unwell, but I would have gone if I ____ felt better.A. didB. haveC. wouldD. had31. But for his help, I _____.A. should not have succeededB. had not succeededC. did not succeededD. have not succeeded32. I am sorry that he ____ so rude to her mother.A. isB. wasC. should beD. shall be33. _____ the exam, he would have entered the college.A. If he passedB. Had he passedC. Were he passedD. If he passed34. ___ he ____ hard last year, he would have lost his first prize.A. Hadn’t, studiedB. Had, studiedC. Didn’t, studyD. If, had studied35. He insisted that ____ early the next day.A. startB. staredC. would startD. had stared36. I would rather you ____ anything about it for the ttime being.A. didn’t doB. don’t doC. doD. did37. His advice that it _____ at once is reasonable.A. will be doneB. can be doneC. may be doneD. be done38. Long ___ our great motherland!A. livesB. liveC. should liveD. would live39. If I were in your position, I ___ very happy.A. amB. would beC. would beD. were40. _____, we might go on a trip.A. Should the weather fineB. Were the weather fineC. Should the weather be fineD. The weather were fine41. —Yang Liwei has won great honor for our country.—Who is Yang Liwei?—What a question! It is surprising ________ the first spaceman in China.A. you didn’t know our national heroB. to you not to know himC. you should know nothing aboutD. you knew nothing about him42. Robert wishes that he ________ business instead of history when he was in university.A. studiesB. studiedC. has studiedD. had studied43. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ________ to the meeting.A. would comeB. cameC. would have comeD. had come44. Without electricity human life ________ quite different today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be45. If only I ________ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.A. had knownB. would knowC. should knowD. knew46. But for the party, he ________ of hunger fifteen years ago.A. would have diedB. would dieC. must have diedD. must die47. I would have come earlier, but I ________ that you were waiting for me.A. didn’t knowB. hadn’t knowC. would have knownD. haven’t known48. _______ more careful, his ship would not have sunk.A. If the captain wereB. Had the captain beenC. Should the captain be D .If the captain would have been49. Were it not for the snowy weather, we ________ all right.A. would beB. would have beenC. wereD. may be50. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ________ a goal.A. had scoredB. scoredC. would scoreD. would have scored51.—Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.---Oh, you _______ have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. mustB. mustn'tC. shouldD. shouldn't52. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_______A. was busyB. is busyC. had been busy.D. will be busy53. If he _________ my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.A. followedB. should followC. had followedD. would follow故选C项。
德语虚拟语气讲解(第二虚拟式)
知识点一：德语语法中最容易迷惑人的大概就是虚拟式了。
为了帮助大家更好的理解虚拟语气，我们讲分成两部分讲解虚拟式。
虚拟式分为第一虚拟式和第二虚拟式。
由于平常第二虚拟式用得较频繁，且常用第二虚拟式代替第一虚拟式，我们先来谈一谈第二虚拟式到底是何方神圣？到底要怎么用？一，虚拟式构成形式及与一般式对比对比直陈式：如大家所见，第二虚拟式只有两个时态：现在时，过去式。
直陈式过去时有三种时态，而第二虚拟式只有一种。
二，时态•现在时：①弱变化动词弱变化动词的第二虚拟式形式上比较容易掌握的，与直陈式过去时相似：②强变化动词动词变化基本形式是动词过去时词根加上一下词尾：③如：④强变化动词词干元音为 a, o, u 时，须变为 ä，ö，ü：⑤助动词haben, sein, werden 第二虚拟式⑥⑦情态动词第二虚拟式⑧特例：一些强变化动词和混合变化动词在构成第二虚拟式时元音和直陈式过去时元音不一样，如：但是这种形式现在用的比较少，常使用Würden+不定式。
⑨特例：混合动词 senden 和 wenden 在第二虚拟式中一般用弱变化形式，如：⑩•过去时：第二虚拟式过去时结构如下：助动词haben/sein第二虚拟式形式+过去分词需要注意的是：•所有表示过去的直陈式形式改为虚拟式时，都用这种形式。
•sein第二人称形式du wär e st 中间的e可以省略，即du wärst.三，被动态四，第二虚拟式的代替形式 würde + 不定式•口语中，大部分动词的第二虚拟式由würden+不定式的形式来代替，如Ich würde dich gern einladen.•haben和sein的第二虚拟式形式很少用würde 形式来代替，情态动词几乎不用该形式代替。
•但是，要避免住从句中都用würden形式。
Wenn ich dort eine Arbeit finden würde, würde ich an der See bleiben.(X)五，第二虚拟式的用法第二虚拟式主要表示一种非现实的情况。
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一、概念
中文译作"虚拟语气"。
它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。
二、语法结构
1.if结构（非真实条件句——表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况）
与..事实相反If从句主句
过去Had done Would* have done
现在Were/did Would* do
将来Should do/were/were to do Would* do
例句：If there hadn’t been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harvest now. [过去]
If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. [现在]
If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first. [将来]
备注：
（1）上表中’*’，would都可转换为should、could、might。
（2) 如果为时间错综句的话，左右两栏可互相搭配，排列组合。
例句：
He would still be alive today if he hadn’t taken that drug.
[与现在事实相反] [与过去事实相反]
(3) if可转换为其他形式
例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldn’t have been so successfully. [过去]
（=>可转换为：If there hadn’t been your advice, we …）
Your notes are almost illegible (难以辨认的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [将来]
(=> 可转换为：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.)
I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[过去]
(=> 可转换为：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..)
2、wish结构
与..事实相反
过去Had done
现在Were/did
将来Would
备注：可转换为其他形式。
例句：He talks as if (好像) he had done all the work himself. [过去]
I wish I were a bird.
I wish he handn' done that.
I wish I would be rich in the future.
3、should结构
从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成。
而且should可以省去。
用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest,intend等。
例句：The teacher suggest he (should) read English aloud.
注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。
例句：The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.
He insisted that he was honest.
4、would rather ＋从句
在这种结构中，从句的谓语动词用过去形式表示虚拟。
例句：I would rather you did this instead of me.
5、主语从句中的虚拟语气
1）It be + 形容词+ that ．．．（should）．．．
用于该句型的形容词是：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny,
strange, surprising ．
一些名词也可以用于在该结构中。
如：a pity，no wonder．．．．
2）It be + 过去分词+ that ．．．（should）．．．．
用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。
如：desired，suggested，requested，
ordered，proposed等。
3）It is time（about time，high time）that ．．．（过去式动词形式或should ＋动词原形）．．．．
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now.
6、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，advice，decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同
位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。
其谓语动词应用：should＋原形动词。
另外连接从句的that不能省
略。
例：My suggestion is that we should go there at once.
What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?
三、使用范围及判断
1、虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。
该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。
也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。
2、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断
判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。
判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。
②与现在事实相反。
③与将来事实可能相反。
3、“后退一步法”
后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。
即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。
也就是：
1）与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。
2）与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。
3）与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。
主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。
例：If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.
If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn’t go out.
四、注意事项
1.if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。
2、在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。
3、wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，按“后退一步法”处理从句的谓语动词。
注意：与哪个事实相反，不能以主句的时态为判断依据，而是根据从句的意义判断。