英语四级改错题常考要点-非谓语动词

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（完整版）专四历年非谓语动词汇总情况

（完整版）专四历年非谓语动词汇总情况英语专业四级历年语法试题非谓语动词部分1. The compositions contained so few errors that the teacher got thestudents ________________ one another 's papers.(TEM4-1992-58) BA. correctB. to correctC. correctingD. to be correcting2. I don ' t like _____ bills but when I do get them I like____ them promptly. (TEM4-1992-60) BA. to get, payingB. getting, to payC. to get,to pay D. getting, paying○3. I never regretted ________ his o ffer, for it was not where my interest lay. (TEM4-1993-53) DA. not to acceptB. not having acceptedC. having not acceptedD. not accepting Regret to do sth. 表示遗憾要做某事；Regret doing sth. 表示遗憾做过某事。

4. Arriving at the bus stop, ________________ waiting there.(TEM4-1994-52) BA. a lot of people wereB. he found a lot of peopleregular training in nursing, she could hardlycope with the work at first. (TEM4-1994-55) D received(TEM4-1994-57) CC. a lot of peopleD. people were found5. A. Not receivedB. Since receivingC. Having receivedD. Not having6. The country ' s chiefexports are coal, cars and cotton goods, carsthe most important of these.A. have beenB. areC. beingD. are being7. He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladderout and three men climbing down it. (TEM4-1995-52) BA. throwingB. being thrownC. having thrownD.having been thrown8. He resented to wait. He expected the ministerhim at once. (TEM4-1995-53) BA. to be asked, to seeB. being asked, to seeC. to be asked, seeingD. being asked,seeingResent doing sth. 怨恨讨厌做某事。

2023年专四语法之非谓语动词

非谓语动词也称为动词的非限定形式，不可以在句中单独做谓语，也不受主语的人称和数的限制。

非谓语动词具有双重性质，既有动词的特点（有时态、语态的变化，能被状语修饰，也有自己的宾语），又有非动词的特点（可以代替名词或形容词）。

非谓语动词涉及不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词，前者表积极或进行，后者表被动或完毕)三种。

它们可以在句中充当除谓语以外的其它各种成分。

非谓语动词作主语１）不定式和动名词可以在句中充当主语，但分词却不可以。

不定式一般表达具体或一次性动作，而动名词则表达一般或抽象的多次动作e.g. is not a serious disadvantage in life. (2023, 51)A. To be not tallB. Not to be tallC. Being not allD. Not being tall[分析] 句意为：个子不高在生活中不是一个大的缺陷。

非谓语动词在句中主语。

非谓语动词的否认式，要直接在非谓语动词前加not，因此，排除掉A和Ｃ。

动名词和不定期都可以作句子主语，但动名词表达一贯性动作，不定式表达具体的一次性动作。

个子不高是一贯的实行，应当用动名词，所以Ｄ对的。

２）不定式和动名词都可以用it 来代替作形式主语，但在具有no, -less等否认词的句子里，常用动名词作主语。

如：It is useless talking with her. 和她谈话是没有用的。

It is no good discussing with her. 和她讨论是没有益处的。

3）假如主语和表语都是非谓语动词，两者应保持同样的形式，或同为不定式，或同为动名词。

如：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

4）不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导，但表达人的性格行为特性的形容词作表语时，不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导，这样的形容词有：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked。

非谓语的用法总结

非谓语动词的用法总结李靖非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词,在句中都不能单独作谓语.但都具有动词的某些特点,可以有自己的宾语或状语,构成非谓语动词短语.不定式表目的,表将来；动名词表主动,表进行；过去分词表被动,表完成. 一．作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数)1）不定式、动名词都可做主语,但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作,可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作.如：Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险.（泛指玩火）To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险.2）用动名词做主语的句型:It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间It is worth doing sth 值得做某事It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的.3）不定式做主语的句型.It is + adj +for sb to do sth.比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel/wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现时.It is silly of you to say so.It is important for us to learn English well.It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language.4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语.如：When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢.Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题.5）一般情况下,不定式和动名词作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式.如： Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实.. Planting flowers needs constant watering.但and连接的多个动名词作主语,谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致,谓语一般用单数）.如：Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的.6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构.如：----- What made him angry------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late（made him angry.7）过去分词不能单独做主语,前面必须加上being,构成动名词,做主语.如：.Being examined twice a year , whether it is a car, a bus or a truck,.经典练习：1.It’s important for the figures_________ (update) regularly.2.No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better ______(remain) silent.3.It’s really stupid of you _______ （tell）him the news yesterdayso it has been disturbing him all the time.4.___________(understand)your own needs and styles of communicationis as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.5.__________(worry) about your grades doesn’t help.6.The engine just won’t start. Something seems _____ (go) wrong withit.参考答案：1. to update 2. to remain 3. to have told 4.understanding 5. worrying go改错题：一个句子最多有一处错误1. It’s standard practice for a company like this one employ a security officer.2. Hear how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.3. Know basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.4. Do well in an interview will be an important part of getting a place at university.told us whether have a picnic was still under discussion.prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.参考答案：1. 在employ前加to 2. Hear 改为Hearing 3. Know 改为Knowing4. Do 改为Doing5. have 前加to6. prevent 前加to.二.作定语1）作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面需要有相应的介词,如：The Browns have a comfortable house to live in2) 用不定式作定语的几种情况：a. 不定式表将来如：The car to be bought is for his sister.b. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any,the only 等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系, 如：He was the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.c. 有些名词的同根词常跟不定式,因而它们也常跟不定式做定语,常见的有：promise, plan, attempt, offer, decision, refusal, failure, ability, chance, warning, anxiety, eagerness, willingness, readiness等I don’t trust his promise to come for a visit.He said he had no plan to go there.He made an attempt to stand up.Birds’singing is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away.3) 前置定语：V+ing 可以表示正在进行,也可以表示特征；过去分词表示已经完成或状态请区别下面短语：the boiling/ boiled water. 正沸腾的水(表正在进行)/白开水（表完成）a good-looking flower. 一朵好看的花儿（表特征）the developing countries/ the developed countries 发展中国家/发达国家the falling leaves / the fallen leaves正在下落的叶子/落叶the remaining money/ the money left 剩下的钱注意：英语中有些表示感觉的动词,其现在分词形式表示“令人感到…..的”,过去分词形式表示“感到….的”如：an exciting voice 一个令人兴奋的声音 an excited voice 一个兴奋的声音a puzzling expression 一个令人困惑的表情 a puzzled expression 一个困惑的表情4）区别下列后置定语的用法：to be done 表示被动、将来；done 表示被动、完成；being done 表示被动、正在进行；v+ing 表示主动；动词的系表结构直接去掉动词be;如果是不及物动词或者是感官系动词sound/taste/ feel/ smell/ look 和变化系动词就只有用V+ing形式.Have you read the novel written by DickensListen The song being sung is very popular with students.The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.The food tasting delicious sells well.注意：不定式在后置定语中只表示将来,不表目的；having dong 或者having been done 一般用在状语中,不可以做后置定语,过去分词本身就表被动和完成.请完成下面的练习are many people ______ (wait) outside the hall.are many problems ______ ( remain) to be solved.flowers _______ (smell) sweet attract a lot of people.are many people _______ (invite) to the party.film, ______ (set) in the 19th century, won the medal.meeting_________(hold) now is of great importance.meeting_________(hold) yesterday was of great importance.meeting ________ (hold) tomorrow is of great importance.is always the first_______ (come) and the last _______ (leave).is the only person ________(know) the truth.was the best ______ (do) the job.13. A great number of students _________(question) said they were forcedto practice the piano.14. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter_____(offer) it to him.15. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in theenvelope ______ (provide)16. Birds’singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ______(stay)away.17. The room is empty except for a bookshelf_____（stand）in one corner.18. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, therewas a pile of mail______(wait) for her.19. They might just have a place _____ (leave) on the writing course—whydon’t you give it a try20. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ____(use) indaily conversations.21. Volunteering gives you a chance _______ (change) lives, includingyour own.参考答案： . smelling 5. set held 8. to be held 9. to come 10.to leave know do 13. questioned 14. offering 15. provided16. to stay 17. standing 18. waiting 19. left 20. used 21.to leave 22. to change三.作表语(不定式/动名词/过去分词都可以做表语)1.动名词作表语表示抽象的概念性的动作,可以是多次的经常性的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作例如：比较下列区别His favorite sport is swimming. (泛指游泳)Your task today is to wash the curtains.(指一次具体的工作)2 .excited/disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/interested/puz zled/tired 感到…exciting/disappointing/frightening/pleasing/satisfying/interestin g/puzzling/tiring令人….He is moved by the moving movie.The film is moving.It is a pleasant trip.（pleasant 做前置定语）The trip is pleasing.（pleasing 做表语）3. 注意下列表达方式：My bag is missing/ lost/ gone. I find my bag missing/lost/gone.4. remain 的表语1) remain to be done 仍需去做/有待于…One problem remians to be solved.It remians to be seen whether the operation was successful.2) remain做“仍然是”讲时,可用名词,adj,介词,现在分词或者过去分词作表语He remained stuck (滞留)abroadPeter became a manager, but Jack remained a worker.Whatever achievements you’ve made, you should remain modest.无论你取得多么大的成就,你都该保持谦虚.He had to remain in hospital until he was better. 他不得不一直住院直到身体好些.This solid stone,square tower had remained standing for one thousand years.The guests came in, but she remained sitting/seated at the desk reading.客人们都来了,但她还坐在写字台旁读书.As before, he remained unmoved. 他和以往一样无动于衷.注意：1）用作不及物动词,意思是“剩下；剩余；遗留”,此时不能用进行时态,也没有被动语态.After the fire, very little remained of his house. 火灾过后,他的家所剩无几.2)remaining是形容词,意为“剩余的”,常作前置定语；而left则只能作后置定语.例如：There are still some apples left. 还剩余一些苹果. I bought a giftfor her with the remaining money. 我用剩余的钱给她买了一件礼物.3) remain作名词时表示“剩余物”,一般用其复数形式.例如：The archeologists found some remains of the Song Dynasty.考古学家发现了一些宋代遗迹.5. 1)主语+seem +(to be )+表语,表语多为名词或形容词Tom seems (to be ) a very clever boy. 汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩.The man over there seems to be a new teacher. 那边的那个人看上去像一个新老2) 主语+ seem to do sthbe doing sthhave done sthMrs. Green doesn’t seem (或seems not ) to like the idea. 格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意.The children seemed to be eating something in the room. 孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西呢.The young man seemed to have changed much. 这个年轻人看起来变化很大.6. 当不定式用作表语时,其中的 to 原则上是不能省略的.如：His aim is t o do two years’ work in one. 他的目标是一年干两年的工作.但有一种例外,那就是当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时,用作表语的不定式可以省略to.如：What you first do is (to) mix the egg with flour. 你先得把鸡蛋和面粉和好.All I did was (to) touch the window, and it broke. 我只不过碰了一下窗户,玻璃就碎了经典练习1. My worry is your _______ (rely) too much on your parents.2. Please remain ______ (seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon.3. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and thephone are important in staying________( connect)答案：四.作宾语(不定式和动名词都可以作宾语)1.只能用动名词作宾语的动词和短语考虑、建议和原谅,承认、推迟没得想像避免、继续练,否认完成停感谢不禁止介意准逃亡consider（考虑）;advise/suggest/propose/recommend(建议);excuse/pardon(原谅)；admit/acknowledge(承认)；delay/postpone/put off(推迟); imagine/fancy(想像)；avoid（避免）；practise（练习）;deny(否认);finish(完成); appreciate/acknowledge(感谢); forbid (禁止); mind(介意); escape(逃脱)；此外,这些动词也跟动名词：miss（错过）；enjoy（享受）；risk (冒险)；tolerate/bear/stand/put up with(容忍)；quit（停止）advocate（提倡）；resist （抵制）understand（理解）；allow/permit(允许)feel like doing sth（喜欢做某事; give up doing (放弃做某事); keep doing(不停的做某事); be busy doing sth; can’t help doing sth（情不自禁）; be worth doing sth (值得做某事)；have difficulty/trouble doing sth(做...有困难/麻烦); have a hard/good time doing sth做.... 很开心/不开心; have fun doing sth 做.... 很开心 succeed in doing sth 成功做某事It is no use/good /pleasure doing sth做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣There is no point in doing sth= There is no need to do sth 没必要做某事It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间It is worthwhile doing/ to do sth = be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done= be worth doing sth值得做某事2.只能用不定式作宾语的动词决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help,(afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten口诀之外的单词)She pretended not to see me when I passed by.We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.3. forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别.forget to do sth _________________ forget doing sth ______________________ go on to do sth __________________go on doing sth ______________________ mean to do sth____________________ mean doing sth___________________ regret to say/tell/inform/announce__________________________________ regret doing sth/having done________________________________________ remember to do sth_________________ remember doing sth________________ stop to do sth______________________ stop doing sth____________________ try to do sth______________________ try doingsth_________________________can’t help (to) do sth __________________ can’t help doing sth__________________can’t help but do sth =can’t but do sth ___________________sb used to do sth ___________________ sb be used to doing sth____________________sth be used to do sth ________________________be afraid to do sth不敢做某事 be afraid of doing sth担心发生某事be sure to do sth一定会.....be sure of doing sth确信会.....Let’s go on studying Lesson 6. （让我们继续学第六课.说明前面已学了一部分.）Let’s go on to study Lesson 6. （让我们接着学第六课.说明前面已学了第五课.）I remember doing the exercise. （我记得做过练习.）I must remember to do it. （我必须记着做这事.）I tried not to go there. （我设法不去那里.）I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次.）Stop speaking. （不要讲话.）He stopped to talk. （他停下来讲话.）I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些来.）Missing the train means waiting for another hour.（误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时）4.在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语：allow /advise/forbid/permit sb to do sthallow/advise/forbid/permit doing sthWe don’t allow smoking here.We don’t allow students to smoke.动词need,require,want作“需要”解,其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做,这时,动名词的主动式表示被动意义.be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义.…需要….…值得….deserve to be done/ doing …..值得….The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.Her method is worth trying.These proposals deserve considering/ to be considered. 这些建议应该被考虑.devote oneself/ one’s time to (把...贡献给...)；look forward to (期望)；pay attention to (注意)； attach importance to (重视)； be used/accustomed to (习惯于做某事)；when it comes to (当谈到做某事) ; get down to(着手)；prefer doing sth to doing sth（喜欢...而不喜欢; turn to doing sth(转向)；thanks to (多亏); lead to (导致)；the key to doing sth (做某事的关键)；object to/be opposed to (反对)；contribute to (有助于)；be addicted to doing sth (沉湎于；对...上瘾)；make contributions to (对...做出贡献) ；due to （由于）；apply oneself to (致力于) ；stick to（坚持）；come close to （接近于）等后的动词也必须用动名词形式,例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon.6.不定式做动词（词组）tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等的宾语时,前面常常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等,但是why后加不带to的不定式.He showed us how to do the work= He showed us how we should do the work.I don’t know what to do= I don’t know what I should do.We must decide whether to stay or go= We must decide whether we’ll stay or go.Can you tell me why do it7.在love,hate,prefer,like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别.有时用动名词作宾语时,指一般情况,而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为.I love swimming. I love to swim today.,begin,continue在书面语中多后接动名词,在口语中多后接不定式.It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant.典型例题1. David threatened _____(report) his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.2. He chose _______(keep) silent when asked why.3. He volunteered _________(help) the victims in the earthquake.4. Whenever you are in trouble, don’t hesitate _______(ask) me for help.5. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need ______(repair).6. —Can I smoke here—Sorry. We don’t allow ______(smoke) here.7. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention ______(promote) when we talked on the phone.8. Bill suggested _______(hold) a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.9. I really appreciate _______(have) time to holiday with you on this nice island.10. I can hardly imagine her _______(marry) such a men as Lee.11. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ________(go) for a swim12. The film star wears sunglass. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______(recognize).13. —They are quiet, aren’t they—Yes, they are accustomed to not talk at meals.14. How can I afford to fly to America when I can only earn 800 Yuan a month.15. Would you mind turn down your radio a little, please16. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed caught.17. He practiced playing the piano every morning.18. He risked losing his life in order to save the drowning girl.19. He was considering changed his mind.20. He was considered to be very rich.21. D on’t worry. We can manage to help you out.22. I was advised to quit the job and try a new one.23. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs to be done to achieve the final success.24. One learns a language by making mistakes and correct them.25. China recently tightened its waters controls near the HuangYan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from attacked in the South China Sea.26. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and having reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.27. When it comes to speak in public, no one can match him.28. Lydia doesn’t feel like study abroad. Her parents are old.29. I really regret _____ (inform) you that you have failed to pass the exam.30. He tried ______(persuade) her to accept their incitation, but in vain.31. She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.32. I still remember taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.33. No one answered the front door, so I tried knocking at the back door.34. I’m afraid I can’t help painting the house this afternoon.35. I couldn’t choose but to accept his invitation.36. I’m sorry. I didn’t mean hurt you.37. Now that we have finished Exercise I, let’s go on to do Exercise Ⅱ.38. I couldn’t help but admiring him for his courage.39. Oh, my goodness I forgot to lock the door last night. Is there anything missing40. I forgot paid already, so I went to my boss again.41. The competitor never dreamed of there __________ (be) a chance for him to win the first prize in the 100 meter race.42. Have you heard of my sister _______ (win) the contest43. The doctor does not mind I eating a little meat occasionally.44. She didn’t mind her books taken away and used by other students.45. I insist on Mary go there.46. I knew nothing about the window was open.47. He left the city without our know it.答案：report 2. to keep 3. to help ask been promoted 10. marrying recognized 改为taking 14.正确改为turning 前加being 17.正确 18.正确改为changing 20.正确 21.正确 22.正确 23.正确改为correcting 前加being 改为being 改为speaking 改为studying inform persuade 31.正确前加being 33.正确改为paint 35.去掉to 36.正确 37.正确 39.正确前加being 改为my或me 前加being 改为going,或去掉on 改为being 改为knowing五．作状语不定式分词作状语时,不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,不定式表示目的,动名词表示主动,过去分词表示被动.(一)不定式作状语1.不定式作目的状语In order to可以放在句首,也可以放在句中；so as to 只能放于句中,in order to 和so as to 放于句中时,不能用逗号隔开.To catch the early bus/In order to catch the early bus, he gets up early.= He gets up early to catch the early bus.Bob took down my telephone number so as / in order not to forget it. = In order not to forget it, Bob took down my telephone number.2.不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：so+adj +as to do sth; such+n +as to do sth; …enough to do sth; too….to; Only to do sth表示不定式出乎意料的结果.I’m not so stupid as to write it down.=I’m not such a fool as to write it down.He is clever enough to be fit for the job.Jane arrived at the station only to be told the train had gone.比较：He died, leaving only debts.(动名词表示自然而然的结果)I’m too tired to stay up longer.注意：only too…to结构中,并非是“太….而不能….”之意,而表示“非常….”这样搭配的形容词有：pleased, ready, willing, glad, happy等.I’m only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格了,我非常高兴.I’m too willing to help you.3.不定式作原因状语当这些形容词light, heavy, hard/difficult, easy, comfortable, pleasant, dangerous impossible, interesting nice等出现时要用主动表被动.This question is easy to answer.This book is difficult to understand.（二）分词做状语分词作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状语等,为了强调,可以与while, when, once, if , unless等连词连用.(not)V+ing 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系V+ed 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系(not) having done 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系；动作发生在谓语动作之前(not)having been done表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系; 动作发生在谓语动作之前1. When ________ (offer) help, one often says “Thank you”or “It’s kind of you.(Separate) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.3. Generally speaking, if _______(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.4. He glanced at her, ________( note) that though she was tiny, she seemed very well.5. The teacher came into the lab, _________(follow) by some students.6. _________________(tell) many times, he still repeated the same mistake.7. Not _______________(receive) her letter, he wrote again.参考答案： 2. Separated 3. taken 4. noting 5. followed 6. Having been told7. having received(三) 独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分.常见的有：generally speaking 一般来说 strictly/ honestly/frankly speaking 严格地、诚实地、坦率地讲considering/ given/taking… into consideration 考虑到judging from/by 根据....判断compared with/to 与....相比provided/ providing/ suppose/ supposing/ assuming 假设to be frank/ to tell you the truth/ to be honest 坦率地说、跟你说实话、老实说To make things/ the matter worse 更为糟糕的是seeing that 鉴于Considering his age, he is quite tall.Judging from his look, he didn’t agree with you at all.I lost my way in complete darkness and, to make things worse, it began to rain.To tell you the truth, I am a little tired.练习：1).______ (sleep) late in the morning, he turned off the alarm o’clock.2)._______(see) from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.3) ._______(see) the sunset from the hill, he felt relaxed.4). _______(clean) the desks, we began reading.5).__________(surround) for a month, the enemy had to give in.6). ___________(lose) in the woods, he finally saved by the police.7) .All the afternoon he worked with the door_______(lock).8).With winter_______(come) on,it's time to buy warm clothes.9).I can't go out with all these dishes________(wash).10).Anderson was lying on the bed with the window________(open).11).He stood there with his eyes ______(fix) on the wall.12).He felt relaxed, with his work _______(do).13). He felt anxious, with a lot of work________(do)参考答案：1) to sleep; 2) seen; 3) seeing; 4) Having cleaned; 5) having been surrounded; 6) lost7) locked 8) coming 9) to wash 10) open 11).fixed 12) done 13) to do总结状语从句的做题方法：(四)独立主格非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应该和句子主语保持一致.但是有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中做状语,我们称之为独立主格.它的结构特点是：①独立主格中的状语有自己独立的主语,与主句的主语不同,前后主语不一致；②在独立主格中的状语中,不定式表示还未作,过去分词表示被动；现在分词表示主动③独立主格结构一般都有逗号与主句分开. 独立主格的结构为：(with)主语+V+ing/v+ed/ to do sth/ adj/ 介词结构/ 副词1).名词/主格代词+现在分词.名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系.如：The girl staring at him (= as the girl stared at him), he didn’t know what to say.= With the girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say.姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好.Time permitting (= if time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.= _______________________________________________________如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游.2).名词/主格代词+过去分词.名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系.如：The problems solved (= as the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.= With the problem solved, the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了. Her glasses broken (= because her g lasses were broken), she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. =__________________________________________________________________.由于眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字.3).名词/主格代词+不定式.名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系,且强调的是一次具体性的动作.如：He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help.= He is going to make a model plane, with some old parts to help.借助于一些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型.4).名词/主格代词+形容词.如：An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难,无一人生还.= An air accident happened to the plane, with nobody alive.So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. =_____________________________这么多人缺席,会议不得不取消.5).名词/主格代词+副词.如：He put on his sweater ,wrong side out.= He put on his sweater , with wrong side out.他把毛衣穿反了.The meeting over, they all went home.=____________________________________________.会议一结束,他们就都回家了.6).名词/主格代词+介词短语.如：The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand.= The boy goes to the classroom, with a book in his hand.那男孩手里拿着书去教室.Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门. 7). There being +名词（代词）,being不可省.如：There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做,我们就回家了.There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了,我宣布散会.8). It being +名词（代词）,being不可省.如：It being Christmas, t he government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故,政府机关都休息.当不定式用作介词except或but的宾语时,该不定式有时带 to,有时不带 to,情形比较复杂,大致原则是：其前有do,不定式不带 to；其前没有 do,不定式通常带 to.如：He likes nothing except to watch TV. 除了看电视外,他什么都不喜欢.It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生气外,没产生任何效果.There’s little we can do except wait. 除了等待我们没有什么办法.I could do nothing except agree. 我除了同意,没有别的办法重点句型：have no choice/alternative but to do sth 别无选择只能做某事 have nothing to do but do sth / can do nothing but do sth别无选择只能做某事经典例题：1.I looked up and noticed a snake ______(wind) its way up the tree to catchits breakfast.2.Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car_______(wash).3.Having finished her project, she was invited _______(speak) by the schoolto the new students.4.When we saw the road _______(block) with snow, we decided to spend theholiday at home.5.Let those in need ______(understand) that we will go all out to help them.6.He is thought ______(act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blamefor losing the job.7.Alexander tried to get his work in the medical circles ______(recognize).8.I was advised _______(take) more exercise and eat less sugar.9.That eight-year-old boy was made _________(work) day and night by thecruel boss.10.When he went back to his home village ten years later, he found itcompletely _____(change).11.Passengers are permitted ______(carry) only one piece of hand luggageonto the plane.12.Simon made a big bamboo box _____(keep) the little sick bird till it couldfly.13.Listen Do you hear someone call for help14.I felt something hitting me on the back.15.Let the children quiet, please.16.He was heard leave the house.17.I’ll have him to pay attention to his handwriting.18.Don’t have the students study all day.19.All that set me thinking.20.He got his tooth pull out yesterday.21.He was caught steal in the shop and was sent to prison.22.I found my desk mate, Li Yang, play basketball on the playground.23.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himselfreminding of his own dreams.24.Even the best writers find themselves losing for words.25.Claire had luggage _______ (check) an hour before her plane left.26.I have a lot of readings ________ (complete) before the end of this term.27.Every year, Tom remembers to have some flowers ________ (send) to hermother on her birthday.28.The director had her assistant _______ (pick) up some hot dogs for themeeting.29.The two men had their lights ________ (burn) all night long.30.He had his house _______ (break) into last night.31.With the world changing fast, we have something new deal with all byourselves every day.32.Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls join up.33.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but meet an even greatchallenge.34.He had all his students to stand up and sing the song together.35.They had the machine run all day and all night.36.We won’t have such a thing happening again.37.Something has gone wrong with my computer. I’ll get it _________ (repair)tomorrow.38.It’s too noisy outside. I’ll have to get the children ___________ (stop)shouting.39.The first thing he did every morning was to get his car____________(start).40.He was very humorous and often got us ________ (laugh).41.Considering his illness, the doctor tried to get the patient stop smoking.42.His sudden appearance got them surprising.43.He got his ankle hurt in the game yesterday.44.The boss got them worked as soon as they entered the workshop.答案：1.winding 3. to speak 4. blocked 5. understand 6. to have acted 8. to take 9. to work 10. changed 11. to carry 12. to keep13. call改为calling 14. hitting改为hit 15. quiet前加be 16. leave 前加to 17.去掉pay前的to18.study改为studying 19. 正确 20. pull改为pulled 21. steal改为stealing改为playing 23. reminding改为reminded 24. losing改为lost 25. checkedcomplete 27. sent 28. pick 29. burning 30. broken 31. deal前加to 32. join改为joined33.meet前加to 34. 去掉to 35. run改为running 36. 正确 37. repaired38. to stop39.started 40. laughing 41. stop 前加to 42. surprising改为surprised43. 正确改为working。

(完整版)英语专四试题非谓语动词专题

非谓语动词专题Part A1. The ability _____ an idea is as important as the idea itself.A. expressingB. expressedC. to expressD. to be expressed2. The players ____ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.A. selectingB. to selectC. selectedD. having selected3. Do you wake up every morning ____ energetic and ready to start a new day?A. feelB. to feelC. feelingD. felt4. The next thing he saw was smoke _____ from behind the house.A. roseB. risingC. to riseD. risen5. The island, ____ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A. joiningB. to joinC. joinedD. having joined6. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ____ noting about the argument.A. saysB. saidC. to sayD. saying7. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, ____ on your feet.A. to keepB. keepingC. having keptD. to have kept8. Passengers are permitted ____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A. to carryB. carryingC. to be carriedD. being carried9. ____ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A. TranslatingB. TranslatedC. To translateD. Having translated10. More TV programs, a ccording to government officials, will be produced ____ people’s concern over food safety.A. to raiseB. raisingC. to have raisedD. having raised11. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ____ of his own dreams.A. remindingB. to remindC. remindedD. remind12. Look over there----there’s a very long, winding path ____ up to the house.A. leadingB. leadsC. ledD. to lead13. On receiving a phone call from, his wife ____ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.A. saysB. saidC. sayingD. to say14. Claire had her luggage ____ an hour before her plane left.A. checkB. checkingC. to checkD. checked15. More highways have been built in $2, ____ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.A. makingB. madeC. to makeD. having made16. $2 $2, ____ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. foundB. foundingC. foundedD. to be founded17. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ____.A. heldB. holdingC. to heldD. to hold18. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ____ a life span of around 20 years.A. havingB. hadC. haveD. to have19. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ____ for words.A. loseB. lostC. to loseD. having lost20. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ____ by their enthusiastic supporters.A. being cheeredB. be cheeredC. to be cheeredD. were cheered21. Recently a survey ____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.A. comparedB. comparingC. comparesD. being compared22. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier ____ into small pieces.A. breakB. breakingC. brokenD. to break23. ____ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.A. GatherB. To gatherC. GatheringD. To be gathering24. $2 doesn’t feel like ____ abroad. Her parents are old.A. studyB. studyingC. studiedD. to study25. Simon made a big bamboo box _____ the little sick bird till it could fly.A. keepB. keptC. keepingD. to keep26. ____ an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.A. OfferB. OfferingC. OfferedD. To offerPart B1. Listen! Do you hear someone ____ for help?A. callingB. callC. to callD. called2. Dina, ____ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A. strugglingB. struggledC. having struggledD. to struggle3. So far nobody has claimed the money ____ in the library.A. discoveredB. to be discoveredC. discoveringD. having discovered4. It rained heavily in the south, ____ serious flooding in several provinces.A. causedB. having causedC. causingD. to cause5. He had a wonderful childhood, ____ with his mother to all corners of the world.A. travelB. to travelC. traveledD. traveling6. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu,l _____ the students to return to their classrooms.A. enablingB. having enabledC. to enableD. to have enabled7. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ____ for a meal to be cooked.A. laidB. layingC. to layD. being laid8. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained ____ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.A. stickingB. stuckC. to be stuckD. to have stuck9. I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.A completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed10. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A. being weighedB. to weighC. weighedD. weighing11. We were astonished ____ the temple still in its original condition.A. finingB. to findC. findD. to be found12. Alexander tried to get his work _____ in the medical circles.A. to recognizeB. recognizingC. recognizeD. recognized13. ____ the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about ten meters in height.A. ApproachingB. ApproachedC. To approachD. To be approached14. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ____ with her stories.A. amusedB. amusingC. to amuseD. to be amused15. Mr.s white showed her students some old maps _____ from the library.A. to borrowB. to be borrowedC. borrowedD. borrowing16. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ____ present for my dad.A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. to have bought17. _____ at my classmate’s faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.A. LookingB. LookC. To lookD. Looked18. I’m calling to enquire about the position ____ in yesterday’s China Daily.A. advertisedB. to be advertisedC. advertisingD. having advertised19. That is the only way we can imagine ____ the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.A. reducingB. to reduceC. reducedD. reduce20. At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, ____ in a small apartment near $2 and ____ what to do about his future.A. living; wonderingB. lived; wonderingC. lived; wonderedD. living; wondered21. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it ____.A. reusingB. reusedC. reusesD. to be reused22. The children all turned ____ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.A. looked atB. to look atC. to looking atD. look at23. Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ____?A. takingB. takeC. takenD. to take24. ____ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.A. CompletingB. Having completedC. To have completedD. To complete25. ____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A. Being encouragedB. EncouragingC. EncouragedD. Have encouraged26. _____ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of $2 $2.A. To be tiredB. TiredC. TiringD. Being tired27. There is a great deal of evidence ____ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.A. indicateB. indicatingC. to indicateD. to be indicating28. ____ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.A. RemindingB. RemindedC. To remindD. Having reminded29. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in $2, ____ the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.A. markingB. markedC. Having markedD. being marked30. Schools across China are expected to hire 50, 000 college graduates this year asshort-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, ____ reduce unemployment pressures.A. helpB. to have helpedC. to helpD. having helped31. Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. ____ the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni form home and abroad.A. AttendB. To attendC. AttendingD. Having attended32. We are invited to a party ____ in our club next Friday.A. to be heldB. heldC. being heldD. holding33. The play _____ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.A. producedB. being producedC. to be producedD. having been produced34. When we visited our old family home, memory came ____ back.A. floodingB. to floodC. floodD. flooded35. ____, you need to give all you have and try your best.A. Being a winnerB. To be a winnerC. Be a winnerD. Having been a winner36. The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown downB. blown downC. blowing downD. to blow down37. ____ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.A. CompletingB. CompleteC. CompletedD. To complete38. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _____ alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home.A. livingB. to liveC. to be livingD. having lived39. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ____.A. to be breathedB. to breatheC. breathingD. being breathed40. _____ their hats into the air, the fans of the wining team let out loud shouts of victory.A. To throwB. ThrownC. ThrowingD. Being thrown41. ______ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.A. WaitingB. To waitC. Having waitedD. To have waited42. –Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me?--No problem.A. seatB. sitC. seatedD. sat43. ____ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walkB. WalkingC. WalkedD. Having walked44. ____ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.A. Not realizedB. Not to realizeC. Not realizingD. Not to have realized45. It is one of the funniest things ____ on the Internet so far this year.A. findingB. being foundC. to findD. found46. ----They are quiet, aren’t they?---- Yes. They are accustomed ____ at meals.A. to talkB. to not talkC. to talkingD. to not talking47. To learn English well, we could find opportunities to hear English ____ as much as we can.A. speakB. speakingC. spokenD. to speak48. Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made ____ in the restaurant.A. workingB. workC. to workD. worked49. He was busy writing a story, only ____ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.A. to stopB. stoppingC. to have stoppedD. having stopped50. Please remain ____; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.A. seatingB. seatedC. to seatD. to be seated51. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ____, and asked myself what I was going to do.A. movedB. movingC. to moveD. being moved52. “Things ____ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.A. lostB. losingC. to loseD. have lost53. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ____ in a short period.A. improvedB. improvingC. to improveD. improvePart 3 (专四真题)1. The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential ____ for that. (2003-47)a. for us to be preparedb. that we are preparedc. of us to be preparedd. our being prepared2. It is not uncommon for there ____ problems of communication between the old and the young.a. beingb. would bec. bed. to be3. What’s the chance of ____ a general election this year? (2005—61)a. there beingb. there to bec. there bed. there going to be4. The meeting was put off because we ____ a meeting without John. (2005—62)a. objected havingb. were objected to havingc. objected to haved. objected to having5. This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals ____ in $2. (1996-46)a. huntedb. huntingc. that huntedd. are hunted6. AIDS is said ____ the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region. (2002-46)a. beingb. to bec. to have beend. having been7. The Minister of Finance is believed _____ of improving new taxes to raise extra revenue. (2004-48)a. that he is thinkingb. to be thinkingc. that he is to thinkd. to think8. Professor Johnson is said ____ some significant advance in his research in the past year. (1999-43)a. having madeb. makingc. to have maded. to make9. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, ____ the spoilt ones. (2006-63)a. not countingb. not to countc. don’t countd. having not counted10. If not ____ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time. (2004—45)a. being treatedb. treatedc. be treatedd. having been treated11. Time ____, the celebration will be held as scheduled. (2003-48)a. permitb. permittingc. permittedd. permits12. Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat ____ by far the biggest cereal crop. (2003-41)a. isb. beenc. bed. being13. ____ at in this way, the present economic situation doesn’t seem so gloomy. (2000-51)a. Lookingb. Lookedc. Having lookedd. To look14. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, ____ by the police each time. (1992-42)a. had been capturedb. being always capturedc. only to be capturedd. unfortunately captured15. ____, he can now only watch it on TV at home. (1998-45)a. Obtaining not a ticket for the matchb. Not obtaining a ticket for the matchc. Not having obtained a ticket for the matchd. Not obtained a ticket for the match16. He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, ____ insufficiently popular with all members. (1996-45)a. having consideredb. was consideredc. was being consideredd. being considered17. The compositions contained so few errors that the teacher got the students ____ one another’s papers. (1992-58)a. correctb. to correctc. correctingd. to be correcting18. I don’t like ____ bills but when I do get them I like ____ them promptly. (1992-60)a. to get, payingb. getting, to payc. to get, to payd. getting, paying19. I never regretted ____ his offer, for it was not where my interest lay. (1993-53)a. not to acceptb. not having acceptedc. having not acceptedd. not accepting20. Arriving at the bus stop, ____ waiting there. (1994-52)a. a lot of people wereb. he found a lot of peoplec. a lot of peopled. people were found21. ____ regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first. (1994-55)a. Not receivedb. Since receivingc. Having receivedd. Not having received22. The country’s chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars ____ the most important of these. (1994-57)a. have beenb. arec. beingd. are being23. He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder ____ out and three men climbing down it. (1995-52)a. throwingb. being thrownc. having thrownd. having been thrown24. He resented ____ to wait. He expected the minister ____ him at once. (1995-53)a. to be asked, to seeb. being asked, to seec. to be asked, seeingd. being asked, seeing25. This missile is designed so that once ____ nothing can be done to retrieve it. (1995-63)a. firedb. being firedc. they firedd. having fired26. ____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. (1996-42)a. Having timeb. Given C. Giving D. had27. In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid ___. (1996-48)a. from being beatenb. being beatenc. beatingd. to be beaten28. ____ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his room. (1996-51)a. There was B. Since C. Being D. There being29. The $2 haven’t decided yet which hotel ____ . (1998-49)a. to stayb. is to stayc. to stay atd. is for staying30. ____ enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field. (1998-51)a. Givingb. To give C. Given D. Being given31. There ____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. (200-45)a. to beb. to have beenc. beingd. be32. Even as a girl, ____ to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teachers. (2001-42)a. performing by Melissa wereb. it was known that Melissa’s performances werec. knowing that Melissa’s performances wered. Melissa knew that performing was33. ____ him tomorrow? (2001-43)a. Why not to call onb. Why don’t call onc. Why not to calling ond. Why not call on34. _____ should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work. (2010—65)a. To be not tallb. Not being tallc. Being not talld. Not to be tall35. ____ is not a serious disadvantage in life. (2001-51)a. To be not tallb. Not to be tallc. Being not talld. Not being tallKeys to Part A:1-5 c c c b c 6-10 d b a b a11-15 c a c d a 16-20 c d a b c21-26 b d c b d cKeys to Part B:1- 5 a c a c d 6-10 a a b b d11-15 b d a a c 16-20 b a a b a21-25 d b c d c 26-30 b b b a c31-35 c a c a b 36-40 b d a b c41-45 c c b c d 46-50 d c a b b51-53 b a aKeys to Part 3:1- 5 a d a d a 6-10 c b c a b11-15 b d b c c 16-20 d b b d b21-25 d c b b a 26-30 b b d c c31-35 c d d b d。

2012.12英语四级考试语法试题训练-非谓语动词

这篇关于2012.12英语四级考试语法真题训练-⾮谓语动词，是⽆忧考特地为⼤家整理的，希望对⼤家有所帮助！⾮谓语动词 1.______ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesn’t seem high at all. (90.1/47)A. When comparedB. CompareC. While comparingD. Comparing 2. The children went there to watch the iron tower ______. (90.1/55)A. to erectB. be erectedC. erectingD. being erected 3. The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on. (90.1/57)A. to be informedB. on informingC. informedD. informing 4. John regretted ______ to the meeting last week. (90.1/64)A. not goingB. not to goC. not having been goingD. not to be going 5. Mrs. Brown is supposed _____ for Italy last week. (90.1/66)A. to have leftB. to be leavingC. to leaveD. to have been left 6. A new technique______, the yield as a whole increased by 20 per cent. (90.1/68)A. working outB. having worked outC. having been worked outD. to have been worked out 7. The boy’s father bought him a large toy train_____. (90.6/41)A. to play withB. to play with itC. which to play withD. at which to play 8. There are more than 50 proposals_____ at the conference. (90.6/43)A discussedB discussingC to be discussedD having been discussed 9. It was impossible to avoid_____ by the stormy weather. (90.6/64)A. to be much affectedB. being much affectedC. having much affectedD. to having been much affected 10. _____ in England, Anne Bradstreet both admired and imitated English poets. (90.6/65)A. Having born and educatedB. Born and educatedC. Since born and educatedD. To be born and educated 11.The new power station is reported_____ within three years. (91.1/44)A. to have completedB. to have been completedC. to completeD. having been completed 12.Soon, Americans hope, the rain will return and ease the hardship_____ U.S. farmers. (91.1/48)A. facedB. facesC. facingD. to face 13. _____ neglecting our education, my father sent my brother and me to a summer school.(91.1/53)A. To be accused ofB. Accusing ofC. That he was accused ofD. Accused of 14.The teacher doesn’t permit_____ in class. (91.6/49)A. smokeB. to smokeC. smokingD. to have a smoke 15.I appreciate_____ to your home.(91.6/51)A. to be invitedB. to have invitedC. having invitedD. being invited 16.The speaker, _____ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience. (91.6/58)A. having knownB. being knownC. knowingD. known 17.John often attends public lectures at the University of Oxford, chiefly_____ his English. (92.1/44)A. to improveB. improvingC. to having improvedD. improved 18.Jim is sorry_____ so impolite to your guest last Saturday. (92.1/51)A. to beB. having beenC. beingD. to have been 19. _____ for many years, the writer suddenly became famous.(92.1/57)A. Having ignored himB. To be ignoredC. To have been ignoredD. Having been ignored 20.After being rescued from the air-crash, the people agreed that they had much to_____.(92.1/65)A. thankB. be thankedC. be thankfulD. be thankful for 21.The money will be used to keep a space vehicle on the moon busy_____ back to the earth photographs and other information about the surface of the moon. (92.6/45)A. to sendB. being sentC. to be sentD. sending 22.Building that railway was very difficult and involved_____ ten tunnels. (92.6/58)A. digB. having dugC. to have dugD. digging 答案 ADCAA CACBB BCDCD DADDDDD67.Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used______ late for his lecture. (98.1/31)A. to have studentsB. for students beingC. for students to beD. to students being 68.As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be establish- ed in every town_____50 households or more. (98.1/36)A. havingB. to haveC. to have hadD. having had 69.People appreciate______ with him because he has a good sense of humor. (98.1/37)A. to workB. to have workedC. workingD. having worked 70They are going to have the serviceman______ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. (98.1/44)A. installB. to installC. to be installedD. installed 71.Anne never dreams of______ for her to be sent abroad very soon. (98.6/43)A. there being a chanceB. there to be a chanceC. there be a chanceD. being a chance. 72.All things______, the planned trip will have to be called off. (98.6/49)A. consideredB. be consideredC. consideringD. having considered 73.______ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished her. (99.1/45)A. The girl was educatedB. The girl educatedC. The girl’s being educatedD. The girl to be educated 74.All flights______ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train. (99.1/51)A. had been cancelledB. have been cancelledC. were cancelledD. having been cancelled 75.His remarks left me______ about his real purpose. (99.6/45)A. wonderB. wonderingC. wonderedD. to wonder 76.I have heard both teachers and students______ well of him. (99.6/46)A. speakB. to speakC. spokenD. to have spoken 77.The house was very quiet, ______ as it was on the side of a mountain. (99.6/48)A. isolatedB. isolatingC. being isolatedD. having been isolated 78.This crop has similar qualities to the previous one,______ both wind resistant and adapted to the same type of soil. (99.6/57)A. beenB. to beC. beingD. having been 79.The project______ by the end of 2000, will expand the city’s telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.(99.6/68)A. accomplishedB. being accomplishedC. to be accomplishedD. having been accomplished 80.I don’t mind______ the decision as long as it is not too long. (00.1/43)A. your delaying to makeB. you delay to makeC. your delaying makingD. you to delay making 81.Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it______ in Cuba. (00.1/45)A. having cultivatedB. being cultivatedC. been cultivatedD. cultivating 82.The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience_______ on beaches, chairs or boxes. (00.1/46)A. having seatedB. seatingC. having been seatedD. seated 83.______ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing. (00.1/68)A. To look atB. To be looked atC. Looking atD. Looked at 84.These surveys indicate that many crimes go______ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them. (00.6/26)A. to be unrecordedB. to have been unrecordedC. unrecordedD. unrecording 85.I have no objection_______ your story again. (00.6/27)A. to hearingB. to have heardC. to hearD. to having heard 86.You will see this product_______ wherever you go. (00.6/30)A. advertisedB. advertisingC. advertiseD. to be advertised 87.Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested_______ at the next town. (00.6/34)A. stopB. to stopC. stoppingD. having stopped 88.The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds_______ his arguments in favor of the new theory. (00.6/36)A. on which to baseB. which to base onC. to base onD. to be based on 答案 DACAA ACDBA ACCCB DDCAACA。

大学英语四级考试改错题型透析以及应试技巧

英语四级考试：改错题型透析以及应试技巧一、常考典型错误1、一致性方面的错误1）主谓一致主谓不一致错误是CET－6综合改错题内容之一，主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长，首尾不能相接，造成视觉上的混淆。

例：The president of the company，together with the workers，are planning a conference for the purpose of solving financial problems．句中主语的主词为单数名词“president”，介词短语“together with the workers”与主语无关，是插入成分，故谓语动词应用单数is。

2）名词单复数有时名词可以不用复数，但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰，如many，several， a number of， a variety of等等，就要变成复数形式。

例：Computer，as we all know，has many possible use in different fields．句中名词use前的修饰语many是用来修饰复数名词的，所以use应改为uses。

3）代词与先行词一致代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群，因此代词的出现必须有所指，而且形、数等必须与前面所代的部份相符。

这是代词改错的核心。

例：A knowledge of several languages is essential to other majors' study because without them one can read books only in translation．本句中without them指的是没有几门语言的知识。

them错指a knowledge of several languages，因为其中knowledge是中心词，所以要把them改为it。

英语改错

英语改错类题型常见考点总结【转】石涛2011-11-05 14:35:47改错题的主要错误类型有主谓不一致、时态和语态错误、连接词误用、形容词与副词错误、反义词误用、非谓语动词错误、关系代词错误、介词错误、缺漏和赘述、句子结构等等。

考生在做改错题时，首先应通读短文，对文章有个大致的了解。

然后，仔细读出现10个错误的所在行，一般来说，每个错误基本都可以归入上述的某一个错误类型，看有没有出现语法错误和词汇错误。

如果通过细读确认没有语法错误和词汇错误，那就把细读扩大到该行上下各二、三行，有时甚至要联系该行所在的自然段，这时的重点必须转移到对文章的理解上来，从上下文的关系找出连接关系和逻辑关系的前后矛盾的错误。

最后应再通读一篇改正后的文章，看整篇文章总体上是否连贯一致。

一、反义词误用这是短文改错中出现频率较高也是比较有特色的一种错误类型，这类错误必须在透彻理解上下文语义的基础上才能发现并改正。

比较常见的错误有：1. 派生反义词如00年1月的72题将directly改为indirectly.2. 其他反义词如00年1月的77题将little改为much.二、连接词误用连接词的错误虽然是属于传统的语法题范畴，但其用法主要根据上下文语义上的逻辑关系，也就是上下文的理解。

连接词有很多种，有并列连词，如and, but, or 等，主从连词，如because, if, after等，以及其他连接介词和副词，如however, despite等。

曾经考查过的题目有2000年6月的73题，将as改为than，这考查的是比较连词的搭配，根据上一行中之more即可确定改as 为 than.三、指代错误这一般考查的是代词的指代，在文章当中如果说出现了代词，那么代词所指代的对象在前文中一定是出现过的，否则就会出现指代不清，所以出现代词时候，我们要注意它所指代的对象的单复数是否与代词一致。

如 2003年9月的S9题将it改为they，因为它指代的是前面的复数名词new houses。

3英语专业四级词汇语法辅导-非谓语动词

真题
• I _____ writing the paper as scheduled, but my mother's illness interfered. I hope you will excuse me. (1993--54) • A. am to have finished • B. was to have finished • C. was to finish • D. ought to finish
不定式的完成式
• 1. 用在intended, expected, meant, hoped, wanted, promised, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were等后，表示过去没有实现的愿望，计划或期待等。也可用来表示先于谓语动词发生动作或状态，to have +过去分词表示动作，to have been表示状态。
• e.g. Please show me how to do that.(做宾语)
• e.g. When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided. （做主语）
• e.g. The problem is how to get there in time.（做表语）
C
练习
• 1. The Vikings are believed______ America. • A. to have discovered B. in discovering • C. to discover D. to have been discovered • 2. The students were to_____ at the auditorium before 1:30 p. m. , but the lecture was cancelled at the last minute. • A. assembled B. have assembled • C. assembling D. be assembled • 3. He was to____ the new ambassador, but he fell ill. • A. having telephoned B. have telephoned • C. has telephoned D. telephoning

英语专业四级语法重点汇总

英语专业四级语法重点汇总English英语专八专四学习复习资料英语专四语法重点汇总一、非谓语动词的主要考点1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的，但是在意思上是有区别的，主要常考到的动词罗列如下：mean to do想要（做某事）VS mean doing意味（做某事）propose to do 打算（做某事）VS propose doing建议（做某事）forget to do忘记（要做的事）VS forget doing忘记（已做的事）remember to do记得（要做某事）VS remember doing记得（做过）go on to do继而（做另一件事）VS go on doing继续（做原来的事）stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do（对将要做的事）遗憾VS regret doing（对已做过的事）后悔2. 不定式的习惯用法典型句型整理如下：如：“cannot help but do”——“不得不做某事”如：“cannot but do”——“不禁做某事”如：“cannot choose but do”——“不由自主地做某事”如：“can do nothing but do”——“不能不做某事”如：“have no choice but to do”——“只能做某事”如：“have no alternative but to do”——“只能做某事”例句：The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor.When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus.3. 动名词的习惯用法典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下：如：be busy/active doing sth.如：It’s no good/use doing sth.如：spend/waste time doing sth.如：have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.如：have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.如：There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.例句：There is no use crying over spilt milk.（典型例句）牛奶洒了，哭也没用；后悔是没有用的；覆水难受I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.二、形容词与副词及其比较级1. 形容词的句法功能形容词通常在句子中用做定语、表语与主语的语法成分，通常考到的知识点总结如下：(1) 以“a”开头的形容词如“alone”、“alike”、“asleep”、“awake”等一般不能做前置定语，通常是做表语或后置定语的例句：Jerry didn’t pass the important final exam, please let him alone for the time being.Michael came back from job just now, and his eyes were shut and he seemed to have fallen asleep.(2) 某些以副词词缀“-ly”结尾的词其实是形容词，不能看错是副词，例如“friendly”、“leisurely”、“lovely”等(3) 下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词，注意用做系动词时，要求形容词做表语这些典型单词罗列如下：“remain”、“keep”、“become”、“get”、“grow”、“go”、“come”、“turn”、“stay”、“stand”、“run”、“prove”、“seem”、“appear”、“look”等例句：The situation remains tense between the two countries at this juncture. 在这个节骨眼上，两国形势仍然持续紧张。

英语四级常考的语法讲义知识点

英语四级常考的语法讲义知识点一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。

谓语动词的时态见下表：1．主动形式过去现在将来过去将来一般did do will/shall do should/would do进行was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing /完成had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done用于虚拟语气完成进行had been doing have/has been doing / /2．被动形式过去现在将来过去将来一般was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given进行was/were being given am/is/are being given / /完成had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/would have been given 完成进行/ / /v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。

v 时间状语从句当中的时态：一般过去时所有的过去用一般现在时表示现在和将来现在完成时现在完成和将来完成一．非谓语动词一．不定式：一）不定式的常考形式：1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前二）不定式常考的考点：1）不定式做定语----将要发生2）不定式做状语----目的3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。

专四系列非谓语动词

既能用不定式，又能用动名词的单词： begin, start, continue, afford, propose, cease等 ⊙不定式表示具体一次动作；动名词表示一贯爱好：hate, love, like, prefer ⊙ 用动名词以主动表示被动： want, need, require The bike needs repairing. = The bike needs to be repaired. The dininghall wants cleaning. = The dininghall wants to be cleaned.
amused encouraged disappointed excited puzzled satisfied tired pleased astonished
区别非谓语动词作表语： Their job is building houses. (动名词） Their work is to build another bridge across the river. （不定式） The novel is very interesting （现在分词） and we are all interested(过去分词） in it.Biblioteka 作主语1.句型上的不同
1）不定式适用的句型： A. It is+ adj. for sb. to do sth. easy, difficult, important, necessary B. It is+ adj. of sb. to do sth. kind, nice, clever, foolish, right, wrong,careless, considerate, rude, impolite C. It is +n. to do

英语四级之非谓语动词

2．不定式的句法功能：
（1）作主语： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To see is to believe. 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面第一句可用如下形式： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. （2）作表语： Her job is to clean the hall. He appears to have caught a cold. （3）作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如： Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如： I have no choice but to stay here. He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如： He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
（4）作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如： With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如： I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road.

英语4级备考资料

一、大学英语四级常考语法点（虚拟语气和倒装）1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法条件从句中的谓语主句谓语与现在事实相反V.-ed(be→ were)Would/should/could/might +v.与过去事实相反Had doneWould/should/could/might + have done与将来事实相反v.-ed (be → were)/Should + v./were to +v.Would/should/could/might +v.2.一些特殊的虚拟条件句1）Conditional Sentences of Mixed Time （错综时间条件句）：If you had taken her advice, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now.（if从句说的是与过去事实相反，主句说的是与现在事实相反）If it hadn’t been for the doctors’ care, I wouldn’t be speaking to you now.注：如果if 从句中的谓语动词是had, should, were,可以省掉if, 分别把这三个词提前，其余成分保持不变。

如：上述第二句had it not been for the…2) Sentences of Implied Condition （含蓄条件句）：(由but, otherwise等一些词引导)But for my money that woman would have persecuted him.I would have written before but I have been ill.In the old days she would have argued.Given more time and money, he would have done better than what it is.Electronic computers must be made very small. Otherwise it would be impossible for them to be put in a satellite.3. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用1）在宾语从句中的运用A. wish后的宾语从句：（往前面推一个时态）用过去式表示现在情况：I wish I knew what was going to happen.I wish I could help you.用过去完成时表示过去的情况：My father wishes that he had gone to university. （不看wish这个单词本身的时态，看整个句子暗示的发生时间，再往前面推一个时态）注：间或用would构成谓语：I wish you wouldn’t be so noisy.B. would rather/sooner; had better; suppose后的宾语从句（that引导，that可以省掉）I would rather you told me the truth.I’d sooner you didn’t ask me that question.I had better you did it.Suppose her father turned her out of doors!C.用在某些动词后的宾语从句：suggest,（建议用虚拟，暗示不用） demand, insist,（坚持要求用虚拟，坚持认为不用） ask, propose, urge, vote, request, command, desire, move, order, recommend, require,decree, intend, petition, decide, direct + that + (should) + v.He suggested that a petition (should) be drawn up.His pale face suggested that he was ill.He insisted that he (should) be sent because he insisted that he was innocent.2)虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用Advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper和一些表示感情色彩的形容词unfair, dreadful, strange, surprising, natural, unthinkable, unbelievable. （should加动词原形，should可以省掉）It is essential that all the facts be examined first.It is necessary that he come back without delay.3)用在表语从句和同位语从句中：（就是上面的一些形容词、动词转化为名词）Sophia’s idea was that they (should) lock up the house.The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried.4)用在状语从句中：A. As if/as though（往前面推一个时态）表示现在的情况用过去式：I remember it vividly as though it were tonight.He behaves as if he owned the place.表示过去的情况用过去完成时：He talked about Rome as though he had been there himself.B.目的状语从句Lest, in order that, so that, for fear that, in caseHe hurried on, lest she should meet him again.5）用在It’s (high) time后的定语从句中（可以用should加动词原形）It’s high time we went.It’s time we ordered dinner.Inversion状语前置常引起倒装1.Full Inversion: 整个谓语位于主语之前a. 当句首状语为方位词，谓语动词为go, come等表示位置转移的动态动词时。

英语改错题常见错误归纳和分析

英语改错题常见错误归纳和分析【摘要】改错题是遵义市英语中考的必考题型，共计8分。

它对考生的语言综合知识运用进行全面考查，由于面广、语境设置强，致使考生丢分率高。

为了取得理想的成绩，加强对复习策略的指导是很有必要的。

本文结合《课程标准》、《考试说明》和自己多年的教学实际，从十二个方面进行常见错误归纳和分析。

【关键词】中考；改错题；归纳；分析一、非谓语动词错误非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词、动名词3种形式。

动词不定式在句中主要作宾语、宾语补足语、主语、定语或状语；分词指现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表动作正在进行，过去分词表被动；动名词主要用在介词和某些特殊动词之后，如：（1）Jim and his parents enjoy live in China very much.「分析」live改为living，living是动名词，作动词enjoy的宾语。

（2）I don’t know how spelling the word .「分析」spelling改为to spell，疑问词+ to do sth.作动词know 的宾语。

二、句法错误1、并列连词的混用。

并列连词常用的主要有：and，but，while，or，either…or…，so，for 等。

如：（1）He has been to many interesting places in Beijing，and he has not yet been to many other parts of China.「分析」根据行文逻辑，表示并列关系的and 应改为表示转折关系的but.（2）Do it yourself but ask somebody else to do it.「分析」根据行文逻辑，表示转折关系的but 应改为表示选择关系的or.（3）Her mother is ill，but she has to stay at home and look after her .「分析」根据行文逻辑，表示转折关系的But 应改为表示因果关系的So.2、连接词的用法错误。

非谓语动词：八种功能和考点归纳

Golden Ticket决胜考场⊙籍万杰　山东省临沂市费县第一中学高级教师无论是在历年高考还是平时的测验当中，非谓语动词向来是语法填空和短文改错题必考的重要语法项目之一。

通过研究近几年来的高考真题，我们可以归纳总结出以下八种非谓语动词的考查热点。

一起来看看！一、非谓语动词作主语例1（2015年安徽卷）______ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.A. IgnoreB. IgnoringC. IgnoredD. Having ignored解析：B。

通过分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是will be，前面部分是主语，应使用动名词短语。

考点归纳不定式和动名词都可以作主语。

两者的区别在于，表示某一具体动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为或倾向时，多用动名词。

当动名词或不定式短语较长时，常用it作为形式主语放在句首，而把动名词或不定式短语放于句末。

二、非谓语动词作宾语例2（2016年浙江卷，短文改错）He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us.解析：was改为were，与主语we保持一致；knowing改为know，pretend后应接不定式to do sth.作宾语，不能接动名词。

考点归纳虽然不定式和动名词都可作宾语，但是有些动词后面只能跟不定式，如want、wish、hope、manage、demand、promise、refuse、pretend、plan、offer、decide、agree、expect等。

而另外一些动词则只能跟动名词作宾语，如admit、appreciate、avoid、consider、delay、dislike、enjoy、escape、excuse、finish、forgive、imagine、keep、mind、miss、practice、resist、risk、suggest、deny、stand等。

英语四级改错题考点：非谓语动词

英语四级改错题考点：非谓语动词在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫作非谓语动词。

非谓语动词分为三种形式∶动名词，不定式和分词。

(一) 分词现在分词和过去分词的区别①、用于句首作状语，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动例：Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States thenAstruggled to establish its own economic and financial system.BCD分析：分词作状语，主要看是主动还是被动，美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错，改won为winning②、用于名词后面作后置定语，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动例：In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived inA Bthe Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands.C D分析：B错，生活在什么地方的人，人生活是主动，因此改为living一些动词后面必须用doing对于加doing的词来说，考试中一般出现一个，下面这些词都是要加doing的，请考生牢记。

mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, adjustadvocate, suggestdelay, quitforgive(原谅)，tolerate，avoid, escape(逃避)spend+名词+doing;have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing例：Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest theirA BCDcrops.分析：D错，应改为harvesting。

及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语，故将to harvest改为harvesting。

非谓语动词精讲

非谓语动词精讲概述在大学英语四六级考试的词汇和语法部分中，年年必考的一项语法就是非谓语动词(Non-finite Verb)。

非谓语动词分为三类：不定式(infinitive)、动名词(gerund)和分词(participle)。

其特点是：1．不定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句子成分，但就是不能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为"非谓语动词"的原因。

2．它们具有各种形态：原形、主动态、被动态、进行态和完成态。

3．不定式和动名词可以做主语、宾语、表语、补语等。

但不管起什么作用，它们都具有动词的功能，但无语法上的动词性质，这一点可以通过它们不受主语的人称和数的限制体现出来。

4．分词起形容词和副词作用，可做表语、定语、状语和复合结构中的复合宾语，但不能做主语和宾语。

它也不受主语人称和数的限制。

不定式1．结构不定式的主动态是 to do，其否定式是 not to do，被动态是 to be done，进行态是 to be doing，完成态是 to have done 。

例： 1996 年 6 月四级第 24 题Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection _ _____to the nation.A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left 结合选项来看，全句的意思： "78 岁的丹尼斯爵士已经向众人宣布他的许多收藏品将留给国家"。

收藏品是"被留给国家"，因此需要一个被动式做宾语，所以答案是 D) is to be left 。

2．不定式做主语例： 1995 年 1 月四级第 55 题It is not unusual for workers in that region _________.A) to be paid more than a month later B) to be paid later than more a monthC) to pay later than a month more D) to pay later more than a monthit 在句中作形式主语。