张汉熙《高级英语(2)》(第3版)学习指南(Four Laws of Ecology (Part I
高级英语2第三版 张汉熙 课后答案
Q ALESSON 1 PUB TALK AND KING’S ENGLISHQ B:1.2.3.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view．4. In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view．5.6.7.The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong．III:1.No one knows how the conversation will go as it moves aimlessly and desultorily or as it becomes spirited and exciting.2.It is not a matter of interest if they are cross or in a bad temper.3.Bar friends, although they met each other frequently, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.4.Suddenly a miraculous change in the conversation took place.5.The conversation suddenly became spirited and exciting.6.We ought to think as the Saxon peasants did at that time.7.The Elizabethan writers spread the English language far and wide.8.I have always had an eager interest in dictionaries.9.Otherwise one will tie up the conversation and will not let it go on freely.10.We would never have talked about Australia, or the language barrier in the time of the Norman Conquest.IV A:1.on the rocks： metaphor，comparing a marriage to a ship wrecked on the rocks2． get out of bed on the wrong side：be in a bad temper for the day (The meaning is perhaps derived from the expression “You got out of bed the wrong way”． It was an ancient superstition that it was unlucky to set the left foot on the ground first on getting out of bed．)3．on wings：metaphor，comparing conversation to a bird flying and soaring． It means the conversation soon became spirited and exciting．4． turn up one’s nose at：scorn；show scorn for5．into the shoes：metaphor(or more appropriately an idiomatic expression)， think as if one were wearing the shoes of the Saxon peasant，i． e． as if one were a Saxon peasant6 .come into one’s own： receive what properly belongs to one，especially acclaim or recognition657．sit up at：(colloquial)become suddenly alert and take notice ofIV B:1．ignorant指缺乏知识，可以是就整体而言(如 an ignorant man)，也可以是就某一具体方面或问题而言(如 ignorant of the reason of their quarrel对他们争吵的起因毫无所知)；illiterate意为缺乏文化修养，尤指读写能力的缺乏； uneducated指没有受到正规的、系统的学校教育；unlearned意为学问不富(未必无知)，既可指一无所长，又可指某一方面所知有限，如unlearned in science，意为对科学懂得有限，但对其他学科，如文学、哲学等，倒可能是很精通的。
《高级英语2(第3版)(附光盘)》(张汉熙)
内容简介《高级英语2（第3版）》是我国改革开放后最早出版的大学高年级英语教材，一直深受广大师生的喜爱，至今仍被广泛使用，对我国的英语教学产生了深刻影响。
该套教材曾先后于l988年和l996年分别获得国家教委（现教育部）和北京市社科优秀成果奖，并被评为“60年60本最具影响力英语教育出版物”。
为了继承和发扬原书的优秀品质，进一步提高教科书的质量，我们在征集了广大师生的意见和建议后，现对《高级英语》（修订本）进行再次修订。
修订后的版本称为《高级英语》（第三版）。
第三版修订的重点为：在保持《高级英语》（修订本）的基础上适当增加新的课文，用更具时代感的新课文替换原教材的部分课文，并对第一、二册的课文内容作适当调整；在学生用书中加强了关于作品、作者及作品背景的介绍；加强对文章主题、整体结构以及写作风格的分析，调整了练习项目并作了适当修改等。
编辑推荐媒体评论目录Lesson 1Pub Talk and the King's EnglishLesson 2Marrakech George OrweliLesson 3Inaugural Address （January 20, 1961 ）Lesson 4Love Is a Fallacy Max ShulmatLesson 5The Sad Young MenLesson 6Loving and Hating New York Thomas GriffithLesson 7The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas （Excerpts）Lesson 8The Future of the EnglishLesson 9The Loons Margaret LaurenceLesson 10The Discovery of What It Means to Be an AmericanLesson 11Four Laws of Ecology （Part I）Barry CommonerLesson 12Four Laws of Ecology （Part II）Barry CommonerLesson 13The Mansion: A Subprime Parable （Excerpts）Lesson 14Faustian Economics Wendell BerryLesson 15 Disappearing Through the Skylight作者简介张汉熙（1921—1999）：北京外国语大学教授。
张汉熙《高级英语(2)》(第3版)学习指南(Loving and Hating New York)【
Lesson 6 Loving and Hating New York一、词汇短语1. bush [] adj. belonging to small towns; rustic粗俗的，乡土气的，乡下的2. beget [] vt. to cause to exist or occur; produce产生，引起，招致：Healthand cheerfulness mutually beget each other.健康与欢乐相辅相成。
3. holdout [] n. a place that holds out坚固据点4. deficiency [] n. a lack of something that is necessary缺乏，不足：a deficiency of protein蛋白质不足5. pacesetter [] n. a person or company that is considered to be aleader in a particular area of activity标兵6. sitcom [] n. a situation comedy情景喜剧7. clone [] v. a）to reproduce or propagate asexually无性生殖；b）to makemultiple identical copies of （a DNA sequence）复制，克隆8. preempt [] v. to take the place of; displace占据……的位置，取代：A special news program preempted the scheduled shows.特别的新节目取代预定计划的表演。
9. casino [] n. a public room or building for gambling and otherentertainment娱乐场，赌场10. nightspot [] n. nightclub夜总会11. superdome []n. a large dome-shaped structure, especially a sports stadium超级穹顶12. bilk [] vt. to defraud, cheat, or swindle蒙骗，欺骗：He made millions bybilking wealthy clients on art sales.他在艺术品销售中骗取富有顾客的大量钱财。
高级英语2第三版张汉熙unit4逻辑谬误定义
高级英语2第三版张汉熙unit4逻辑谬误定义【实用版】目录1.逻辑谬误的定义2.逻辑谬误的类型3.如何避免逻辑谬误正文逻辑谬误是在推理过程中出现的错误，导致结论无法从前提中合理地得出。
在我们的日常生活中，逻辑谬误经常出现，特别是在争论和讨论中。
理解逻辑谬误的定义、类型和如何避免它们，对于提高我们的推理能力和有效沟通至关重要。
首先，我们来了解逻辑谬误的定义。
逻辑谬误指的是在推理过程中，违反了逻辑的基本原则，从而得出了错误的结论。
逻辑的基本原则包括：同一律、排中律、充足条件和必要条件等。
当我们在讨论问题时，如果不遵循这些原则，就可能犯逻辑谬误。
接下来，我们来探讨逻辑谬误的类型。
一般来说，逻辑谬误可以分为以下几类：1.诉诸情感：在推理过程中，依赖于情感、个人喜好等因素，而非理性分析。
2.诉诸权威：在推理过程中，依赖于某个权威的观点，而非理性分析。
3.诉诸无知：在推理过程中，由于缺乏相关知识，无法对问题进行合理分析。
4.偷换概念：在推理过程中，将讨论中的概念偷换成其他概念，导致结论无法从前提中得出。
5.非黑即白：在推理过程中，将问题简化为两个极端，而忽略了可能存在的中间状态。
6.滑坡谬误：在推理过程中，错误地认为一个做法会导致一系列越来越糟糕的后果。
7.循环论证：在推理过程中，用结论来证明前提，形成一个无法破解的循环。
在了解了逻辑谬误的定义和类型后，我们需要学会如何避免它们。
以下是一些建议：1.加强逻辑思维训练，提高自己的推理能力。
2.在讨论问题时，保持冷静客观，尽量避免情感的影响。
3.遇到问题时，尽量搜集足够的信息，避免因无知而导致逻辑谬误。
4.在推理过程中，注意概念的界定和使用，避免偷换概念。
5.学会全面地看待问题，避免将问题简化为非黑即白的极端。
6.对滑坡谬误保持警惕，避免过度担忧可能导致的错误结论。
7.在讨论中，避免用结论来证明前提，确保论证过程的合理性。
总之，逻辑谬误是我们在推理过程中需要避免的问题。
张汉熙高级英语(第三版)II 12 The 4Laws of Ecology
Para.2 The analogy of watch
What does the term “R & D” mean? What role does it play in developing
the best watches? restricted selection Out of adjustment: out of order Translate: (para.2)
Para. 12 What’s the embarrassing fact about the final generalizations? Why are they widely held by many people without scientific analysis or
professional authorization? enmesh- trap, entangle, entrap Interplay- interact, intermesh Incisive-acute, penetrating, sharp, intelligent, bright
Para.7 further explanation by introducing enzyme capable of breaking down the substances the grave consequence of absence of degradative enzyme in a new maห้องสมุดไป่ตู้made organic substance Translate line 91-94 (para.7)
harmful. Translate: line 71-73
这个原因应归结于这样一个事实，即在生物体中实际发现的化学物质的
张汉熙高级英语第三版paraphrase-2
张汉熙高级英语第三版中的Paraphrase高级英语第二册Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English1. And it is an activity only of humans.And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views. In a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.3. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.In fact, people who really enjoy and are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas.4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close/ intimate friends for they ar e not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives.5. ...it could still go ignorantly on.The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.6. There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef (boeuf ).These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields; but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef.7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.The English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.The phrase, the King’s English, has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes. (The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people.)10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.There still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.11. There is always a great danger, as Carlyle put it, that “ words will harden into things for us.”There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.Lesson 2 Marrakech1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot.The burying-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact.All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard…They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they died and are buried in graves without a name, and nobody notices that they are dead.4. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews…Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere, a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited, all loudly demanding a cigarette.6. …every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury.Every one of these poor Jews looks on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable./ However, people always notice anyone with a white skin.8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings.If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas.No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas.10. …for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil.Life is very hard for ninety percent of the people. They can produce a little food on the poor soil With hard backbreaking toil．11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden.She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community, that she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal．12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible.People with brown skins are almost invisible．13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms…The Senegales soldiers were wearing second-hand ready-made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful, well—built bodies．14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack the colonialist rulers?15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind.Every white man there had this thought hidden somewhere in his mind．Lesson 3 Inaugural Address (January 20, 1961)1. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe....Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been settled in many countries around the world .2. This much we pledge--- and more.We promise to do this and we promise to do more.3. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a large number of joint bold undertakings.4. ...our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace...The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the tools to wage war have far surpassed and exceeded the tools to keep peace.5. ...to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in effect or in force.6. ....before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.Before the terrible forces of destruction, which atomic bombs can now release, wipe out mankind, which may be planned or brought about by an accident.7. ....yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the band of mankind’s final war.Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power that restrains each group from launching mankind’s final war.8. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness...Let us start once again. We must bear in mind that being polite does not mean one is weak.9. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.Let both sides try to use science to produce good and beneficial things for man instead of employing it to bring frightful destruction.10. ....each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country’s cause).11. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love...We still lead the country we love , knowing our sure reward will be a good conscience, and history will finally judge whether we have done our task well or not.Lesson 4 Love Is a Fallacy1. A nice enough young fellow, you understand, but nothing upstairs.He is a nice enough young fellow, you know, but he is empty-headed.2. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason.3. I should have known they’d come back when the Charleston cam e back.I should have known that raccoon coats would come back to fashion when the Charleston dance, which was popular in the 1920s, came back.4. “All the Big Men on Campus are wearing them. Where’ve you been?”All the important and fashionable men on campus are wearing them. How come you don’t know?5. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear.My brain, which is precision instrument, began to work at high speed.6. With one omission, Polly fitted these specifications perfectly.Except for one thing (intelligence) Polly had all the other requirements.7. She was not yet of pin-up proportions, but I felt sure that time would supply the lack.She was not as beautiful as those girls in posters but I felt sure she would become beautiful enough after some time.8. In fact, she veered in the opposite direction.In fact, she went in the opposite direction, that is, she was not intelligent but rather stupid.9. “In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be o pen. Is that right?”If you were no longer involved with her (if you stopped dating her), others would be free to compete to get her as a girlfriend.10. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.His head turned back and forth (looking at the coat and then looking away from the coat). Every time he looked his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to abandon/ give away Polly became weaker.To teach her to think appeared to be a rather big task.12. Admittedly it was not a prospect fraught with hope, but I decided to give it one more try.One must admit the outcome does not look very hopeful, but I decided to try one more time.13. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.There is a limit to what any human being can bear.14. I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat.I planned to be Pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife for myself, but I turned out to be Frankenstein because Polly (the result/ product of my hard work) ultimately rejected me and ruined my plan.15. Frantically I fought back the tide of panic surging through me.Desperately I tried to stop the feeling of panic that was overwhelming me.Lesson 5 The Sad Young Men1. The slighted mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged...At the very mention of this post-war period ,middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly and young people become curious and start asking all kinds of questions..2. The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable .In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside middle-class respectability and affected refinement.3. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure...The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4. ...it was tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication...In America the young people did not seriously take up the responsibilities of changing the traditional customs of society; instead they lived unconventional lives and, by drinking and behaving indecently in many ways, they broke the moral code of the community.5. Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit...The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.6. ...our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.As a result, the young men began to join the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7. ...they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up.”The young people wanted to take part in the glorious adventure before the war ended.8. ...they had outgrown towns and families...These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their hometowns or their families.9. ...the returning veteran also had to face the sodden, Napoleonic cynicism of Versailles, the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition...The returning veteran also had to face the stupid cynicism of the victorious allies in Versailles who acted as cynically as Napoleon did. They had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would be good for the people.10. Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”...(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down.11. ...it was only natural that hopeful young writers , their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical” gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center...It was only natural that hopeful young writers ,whose minds and writings were full of violent anger against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical” gentility, should come in large numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic center.12. Each town had its “fast” set which prided itself on itself on its unconventionality...Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.Lesson 6 Loving and Hating New York1. Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste...Nowadays New Yorkers can’t understand nor follow the taste of the American people and is often in disagreement with American politics.2. New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends...New York now boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends ( fashion, styles) of America and that it is a place where people can escape from uniformity and commonness.3. ...sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airways from California...Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the live talk show by Johnny Carson are on all channels, filling the airwaves.4. ... it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction...New York is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists .5. To win in New York is to be uneasy...A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety (because he is afraid of losing what he was won in the fierce competition).6. Nature’s pleasures are much qualified in New York.Being a large and crowed city with many tall buildings, etc., the chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited in New York.7. ...the city’s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens.At night the city of New York is aglow with lights and seems haughtily to dim the light of the stars.8. But the purity of a bohemian dedication can be exaggerated.But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohemian life style can be exaggerated.9. In both these roles it ratifies more than it creates.In both these roles of banking and communications headquarters, New York starts or originates very few things but gives its stamp of approval to many things created by people in other parts of the country.10. The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype...The television generation was constantly and strongly affected by extravagant promotional advertising.11. ...those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the magazines.Authors writing long serious novels earn their living in the meantime by also writing articles for popular magazines.12. Broadway, which seemed to be succumbing to the tawdriness of its environment, is astir again.Broadway, which seemed unable to resist the cheap, gaudy shows put on in the surrounding areas, is once again busy and active.13. The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town.Those who failed in the struggle of life, the down-and-outs, are not hidden away in slums or ghettoes where other people cannot see them.14. The place constantly exasperates, at times exhilarates.New York constantly irritates and annoys very much but sometimes/ at times it also invigorates and stimulates.Lesson 7 The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas1. With a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city Omelas.beginning of the Festival of Summer in Omelas.2. ...their high calls rising like the swallows’ crossing flights over the music and singing.The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls of the swallows flying by overhead.3. . ..exercised their restive horses before the race.The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because the horses were eager to start and stubbornly resisting the control of the riders.4. Given a description such as this one tends to make certain assumptions.After reading the above description the reader is likely to assume certain things.5. This is the treason of artist: a refusal to admit the banality of evil and the terrible boredom of pain.An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and pain is very dull and uninteresting.6. They were nature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives were not wretched.They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of intense feelings and they were not miserable people.7. Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it as your own fancy bids, assuming it will rise to the occasion.Perhaps it would be best if the reader pictures Omelas to himself as his imagination tells him, assuming his imagination will be equal to the task.8. …the faint insistent sweetness of drooz may perfume the way of the city…The faint but compelling sweet scent of the drug drooz may fill the streets of the city.9. Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition, and neglect.Perhaps the child was mentally retarded because it was born so or perhaps it has become very foolish and stupid because of fear, poor nourishment and neglect.10. Its habits are too uncouth for it to respond to humane treatment.The habits of the child are so crude and uncultured that it will show no sign of improvement even if it is treated kindly and tenderly.11. Their tears at the bitter injustice dry when they begin to perceive the terrible justice of reality, and to accept it.They shed tears when they see how terribly unjust they have been to the child, but these tears dry up when they realize how just and fair though terrible reality is though it is terrible, and they accept it.12. It is the existence of the child, and their knowledge of its existence, that makes possible the nobility of their architecture, the poignancy of their music, the profundity of their science.The existence of the child and their knowledge of its existence is the reason that makes their buildings grand and impressive, their music moving and their science intellectually deep.Lesson 8 The Future of the English1. ...below the noisy arguments, the abuse and the quarrels, there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling...The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other, but there still exists a lot of natural sympathetic feelings for each other.2. ...at heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idle troublesome mob of them.What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers, whom they regard as lazy and troublesome people.3. ...there are not many of these men, either on the board or the shop floor...There are not many snarling shop stewards in the work-shop, nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board of managers ( or governing board of a factory ).4. It demands bigness, and they are suspicious of bigness.The contemporary world demands that everything should be done on a big scale and the English do not like or trust bigness.5. Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show...At least on the surface, when Englishness is put against the power and success of Admass, Englishness seems to put up a rather poor weak performance.6. ...while Englishness is not hostile to change, it is deeply suspicious of change for change’s sake...Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just for changing and for no other useful purpose to be very wrong and harmful.7. To put cars and motorways before houses seems to Englishness a communal imbecility.To regard cars and motorways as more important than houses seems to Englishness a public stupidity.8. I must add that while Englishness can still fight on, Admass could be winning.I must further say that while Englishness can go on fighting, there is a great possibility of Admass winning.9. It must have some moral capital to draw upon, and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and ethical principles, and soon it may be asking for strength which this reservoir of principles cannot provide.10. They probably believe, as I do, that the Admass”Good Life” is a fraud on all coun ts.These people probably believe, as I do, that the “Good Life” promised by Admass is false and dishonest in all respects.11. ...he will not even find much satisfaction in this scrounging messy existence, which does nothing for a man’s self-respect.He will not even find much satisfaction in his untidy and disordered life where he manages to live as a parasite by sponging on people. This kind of life does not help a person to build up any self-respect.12. To them the House of Commons is a remote squabbling-shop.These people consider the House of Commons as a place rather far away (from them) where some people are always quarreling and arguing over some small matters.13. ...heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away politics.If a dictator comes to powder, these people then will soon learn in the worst way that they were very wrong to ignore politics for they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrested and thrown into prison.Lesson 9 The Loons1. ...with a face that seemed totally unfamiliar with laughter...with a face that was dead serious, never laughed2. Sometimes old Jules, or his son Lazarus, would get mixed up in a Saturday-night brawl...Sometimes old Jules, or his son Lazarus, would get involved in a rough, noisy quarrel or fight on a Saturday night after much drinking of liquor.3. ...her attendance had always been sporadic and her interest in schoolwork negligible.She often missed her classes and had little interest in schoolwork.4. ...she existed for me only as a vaguely embarrassing presence...I only knew her as a person who would make other people feel ill at ease.5. She dwelt and moved somewhere within my scope of vision...She lived and moved somewhere within my range of sight. But I paid little attention to her: she was almost invisible for me. (Recall Orwell’s “Marakech” in which dark-skinned people become invisible.)6. If it came to a choice between Grandmother Macleod and Piquette, Piquette would win hands down, nits or not.If my mother had to make a choice between Grandmother Macleod and Piquette, she would certainly choose the latter without hesitation, no matter whether the latter had nits or not.7. My acquaintance with Indians was not extensive.I didn’t know many Indians.8. ...she remained both a reproach and a mystery to me.I blamed myself (for my inability to make Piquette’s response warmer) and at the sametime found her mysterious.9. Her defiant face, momentarily, because unguarded and unmasked, and in her eyes there was a terrifying hope.Normally, she was a defensive and sensitive as if her face was guarded and marked. But in a brief moment when she was saying this, there was an expression of defiance on her face, which was her true emotion. In her eyes there was a kind of hope which was so intense that it stuck people as terrifying.10. ...she looked a mess, to tell you the truth, a real slattern, dressed any old how...She looked very messy, dirty and untidy, dressed in a very careless way.11. She was up in court a couple of times--drunk and disorderly, of course.She was taken to court several times, because she was drunk and disorderly as onecould expect.12. The one store had become several dozen, and the settlement had all the attributes of a flourishing resort--hotels, a dance-hall, cafes with neon signs, the penetrating odours of potato chips and hot dogs.There had been only one store before, but now there were several dozen stores. The settlement had all the features of a flourishing resort such as hotels, a dance-hall, cafes lighted by neon signs, the strong smells of potato chips and hot dogs.13. Perhaps they had been unable to find such a place, and had simply died out, having ceased to care any longer whether they lived or not.Perhaps they had failed to find a suitable habitat where they could belong and hadsimply died out, having stopped caring any longer whether they lived or not.Lesson10 The Discovery of What It Means to Be an American1. It is a complex fate to be an American…The fate of an American is complicated and hard to understand.2. ..they were no more at home in Europe than I was.They were uneasy and uncomfortable in Europe as I was.3. ...we were both searching for our separate identities.American writers, black and white, were all trying to find their own special individualities.4. I do not think that could have made this reconciliation here.I don't think I could have accepted in America my black status without feeling ashamed.5. ...it is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here.It is easier in Europe for people of different social groups and occupations to intermingle and have social contact than in America.6. A man can be as proud of being a good waiter as of being a good actor, and in neither case feel threatened.In Europe a good waiter and a good actor are equally proud of their social status and functions in society. They are not jealous of each other and do not live in fear of losing their status.7. I was born in New York, but have lived only in pockets of it.I was born in New York but have lived only in some small areas of the city.8. This reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable.This process of reconsidering many things that one had taken for granted in the past can be very painful (because you have to admit that some ideas you held were wrong), but is also very valuable and important.9. On this acceptance, literally, the life of a writer depends.The life of a writer really depends on his accepting the fact that no matter where he goes or what he does he will always carry the marks of his origins.10. American writers do not have a fixed society to describe.American writers live in a mobile society where nothing is fixed, so they do not have a fixed society to describe.11. Every society is governed by hidden laws, by unspoken but profound assumptions on the part of the people.Every society is influenced and directed by unwritten laws, and by many things deeply felt and taken for granted by the people, though not openly spoken about.Lesson 11 Four Laws of Ecology ( Part 1 )1. All this, many times multiplied and organized species by species in intricate, precise relationships, make up the vast network of life on the earth.The above is just a single example about the connections of deer to other forms of life. In reality this is added many times and organized species by species in precise relationships with many details. And this makes up the large and extensive network of life on the earth.2. It is the science of planetary housekeeping.Ecology is the science about how the affairs of our house, the planet, are managed.3. Our ability to picture the behavior of such systems has been helped considerably by the development, even more recent than ecology, of the science of cybernetics.The development of the science of cybernetics has greatly helped our ability to scribe the behavior of ecosystems. The science of cybernetics is even younger than the science of ecology.4. In quite a similar way, stabilizing cybernetic relations are built into an ecological cycle.Similar to the ship system, cybernetics systems with stabilizing effects are an integral part of an ecological cycle.5. The most famous examples of such ecological oscillations are the periodic fluctuations of the size of fur-bearing animal populations.The best-known examples that can clearly illustrate such ecological oscillations are the changes of the size of fur-bearing animal populations that take place periodically.6. These oscillations are built into the operation of the simple cycle, in which the lynx population is positively related to the number of rabbits and the rabbits population is negatively related to the number of lynx.More rabbits provide more food for lynx and thus the rising population of rabbits increases the。
张汉熙《高级英语(2)》(第3版)学习指南(Inaugural Address (January 2
Lesson 3 Inaugural Address （January 20, 1961）一、词汇短语1. inaugural []adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of aninauguration就职的：an inaugural speech就职演说2. signify []vt. to denote; mean表明，意味：Please signifyagreement by raising your hands.请举手表示同意。
3. almighty [] adj. having absolute power; all-powerful万能的，全能的4. forebear [] n. a person from whom one is descended; an ancestor 祖先，祖宗5. prescribe [] vt. a）to order a medicine or other treatment开药，处方：I’ll prescribe some medicines for you.我给你开点药。
b）to setdown as a rule or guide; enjoin规定，指示6. generosity []n. liberality in giving or willingness togive慷慨，大方：His generosity is proverbial.他的慷慨是众所周知的。
7. heir [] n. a person who is entitled by law or by the terms of a will to inherit theestate of another继承人，后嗣8. foe [] n. enemy; opponent敌人9. undoing [] n. the act of bringing to ruin毁灭，破坏：Stress can bethe undoing of so many fine players.紧张可能是许多优秀选手失败的原因。
高级英语(第三版)第二册第十一课 Four Laws of Ecology Part I)
The Closing Circle: Nature, Man, and Technology, a bestseller
• In this book Commoner suggests that the American economy should be restructured to conform to the unbending laws of ecology. For example, he argued that polluting products (like detergents or synthetic textiles) should be replaced with natural products (like soap or cotton and wool). This book is one of the first to bring the idea of sustainability to a mass audience. Commoner suggested a left-wing, eco-socialist response to the limits to growth thesis, postulating that capitalist technologies were chiefly responsible for environmental degradation, as opposed to population pressures.
张汉熙《高级英语(2)》(第3版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】(1-7章)【圣
Lesson1Pub Talk and the King’s English一、词汇短语1.intricate[]plex;solvable or comprehensible only withpainstaking effort错综复杂的；难懂的，难以解决的：an intricate design难懂的设计2.indulge[]vt.to yield to the desires and whims of,especially to an excessivedegree沉迷，放纵，纵情享受：indulge oneself in eating and drinking纵情于吃喝。
与其构成的短语有：indulge in沉溺于；饱享3.meander[]vi.to move aimlessly and idly without fixed direction漫游，闲逛：We usually meander down to the pub after the dinner.晚饭之后，我们常常漫步去酒吧。
4.conversationalist[]n.one given to or skilled atconversation健谈者：He is even-tempered,easy-going and an excellentconversationalist.他是处事不惊的，待人随和，同时也是个非常健谈的人。
5.anecdote[]n.a short account of an interesting or humorous incident轶事，奇闻：He told one or two amusing anecdotes about his years as a policeman.他讲述了一两桩他当警察时的趣事。
6.intimate[]n.a close friend or confidant密友，知己7.on the rocks in or into a condition of ruin or catastrophe（婚姻）破坏的，失败的：Did she havea hunch that my business is going on the rocks?她是不是预感到我的生意要垮台？8.musketeer[]n.a soldier armed with a musket火枪手9.delve[]v.to search deeply and laboriously钻研，调查：He delved into lots of oldbook and papers for the fact.他钻研许多古书和文章，以寻找事实。
张汉熙《高级英语(2)》(第3版)学习指南(Four Laws of Ecology (Part I
Lesson 11 Four Laws of Ecology （Part I）一、词汇短语1. property [] n. a quality or power that a substance, plant, etc. has特性，性质，属性：A radio signal has both electrical and magnetic properties.无线电信号既具有电的特性也具有磁的特性。
2. environmental niche [] n. 生态位：While the environmental niche haddeclined, but the change was relatively flat from 2004.环境生态位呈下降趋势，但自2004年以来变化比较平缓。
3. immediate [] adj. next to, or very near to, a particular place（地方）邻近的，紧邻的：Only a handful had returned to work in theimmediate vicinity.只有少数几个人回到附近地区工作。
4. bewildering [] adj. confusing, especially because there aretoo many choices or things happening at the same time令人困惑的，使人糊涂的：Even more bewildering—God was not only silent, he alsocommemorated his silence for posterity.更令人困惑的是上帝不仅沉默，他还将自己的沉默成为子孙后裔的纪念。
5. intricate [] adj. containing many small parts or details that allwork or fit together 错综复杂的：One is that languages all share somedeep and intricate universals.其一是，所有语言都共享一些深层且复杂的共性。
高级英语张汉熙第三版与第四版区别
高级英语（Advanced English）是常用于大学英语课程的教材之一。
张汉熙教授所编写的第三版与第四版的主要区别在于：
1. 语言风格：第四版相比第三版更加简洁明了，语言更为精练。
2. 内容覆盖范围：第四版增加了一些新的话题，例如虚拟现实技术、人工智能等，扩展了教材的内容覆盖范围。
3. 练习题目类型：第四版练习题目类型更加多样化，例如填空题和阅读理解题的比例有所变化。
4. 图片质量：第四版中的插图质量更高，图像更加清晰。
5. 页面设计：第四版的页面设计更加美观，排版更为整齐，方便学生阅读。
总体而言，第四版相比第三版进行了一些优化和改进，更新了一些内容和细节，使教材更加适合现代英语教育的需要。
张汉熙《高级英语（2）》（修订本）学习指南-unit2【圣才出品】
张汉熙《高级英语（2）》（修订本）学习指南-unit2【圣才出品】Unit 2一、词汇短语1. corpse n. a dead body of a human being尸体2. thread v. to pass through by twisting, turning or weaving in and out穿过，通过：The child threaded the beads.这孩子用线把珠子串起来。
3. pomegranate[n. shrub or small tree native tosouthwestern Asia having large red many-seeded fruit石榴，石榴树4. chant n. a short, simple liturgical song in which a string of syllablesor words is sung to each tune（礼拜式唱的）单调的歌5. bier n. a stand to support a corpse or a coffin prior to burial 棺材架，尸体架6. hack vt. to break up the surface of （soil）开辟，开垦7. oblong adj. deviating from a square, circular, or spherical form bybeing elongated in one direction长方形的8. lumpy adj. full of lumps; covered with lumps多块状物的，凹凸不平的：He could feel the thin, lumpy mattress. 他能感觉到那张薄薄的、凹凸不平的床垫。
9. hummocky adj. full of or looking like low, rounded hills圆丘般的，多圆丘的10. derelict adj. deserted by an owner or keeper; abandoned被遗弃的，无主的：a derelict ship被弃的船11. lot n. a piece of land used for a given purpose一块地：a parking lot停车场12. undifferentiated adj. without clearqualities or distinctive characteristics无差别的，没有显著特点的13. mound n. a pile of earth, gravel, sand, rocks, or debris heaped forprotection or concealment土堆，坟：The explorers climbed a mound tosurvey the land around them.勘探者爬上土丘去勘测周围的土地。
高级英语2第三版张汉熙unit4逻辑谬误定义
高级英语2第三版张汉熙unit4逻辑谬误定义
摘要：
1.逻辑谬误的定义
2.逻辑谬误的分类
3.逻辑谬误在日常生活中的表现
4.如何避免逻辑谬误
5.逻辑谬误对思考和沟通的影响
正文：
逻辑谬误是指在推理过程中，由于逻辑关系不正确、概念混淆等原因导致的错误。
这种错误可能导致观点站不住脚，甚至误导他人。
逻辑谬误的种类繁多，包括以偏概全、非黑即白、诉诸情感等。
逻辑谬误在日常生活中的表现形式多种多样。
例如，有些人会在讨论问题时，故意使用一些模糊的概念，使对方陷入混乱。
还有些人可能因为自己的立场而曲解事实，用错误的前提推出错误的结论。
这些做法都是逻辑谬误的体现。
为了避免逻辑谬误，我们需要具备一定的逻辑思维能力，学会分辨正确的逻辑关系。
在表达观点时，要确保自己的论据充分、论证严密。
在听取他人意见时，要保持开放的心态，尽量理解对方的观点，避免过早下结论。
逻辑谬误对思考和沟通的影响不容忽视。
逻辑谬误可能导致误解加深，使问题变得复杂。
在某些情况下，逻辑谬误甚至可能导致恶劣的后果，如误导决策、引发冲突等。
因此，我们要时刻保持警惕，避免陷入逻辑谬误的陷阱。
总之，逻辑谬误是一种常见的思维错误，我们需要加强逻辑训练，提高自己的思维品质。
张汉熙《高级英语(2)》(第3版重排版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】
张汉熙《高级英语（2）》（第3版重排版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】目录Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 2 Marrakech 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 3 Inaugural Address (January 20, 1961) 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 4 Love Is a Fallacy 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 5 The Sad Young Men 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 6 Loving and Hating New York 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 7 The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas (Excerpts) 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 8 The Future of the English 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 9 The Loons 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 10 The Discovery of What It Means to Be an American 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 11 Four Laws of Ecology (Part I) 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 12 Four Laws of Ecology (Part Ⅱ) 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 13 The Mansion: A Subprime Parable (Excerpts) 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 14 Faustian Economics 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 15 Disappearing Through the Skylight 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案弘博学习网————各类考试资料全收录内容简介本书是《高级英语（2）》（第3版重排版）的学习辅导用书，按照原教材的课次进行编写，每单元涉及词汇短语、课文精解、单元语法、全文翻译以及练习答案等内容。
高级英语学习指南(第三版)第二册 第二课
高级英语学习指南(第三版)第二册第二课全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Learning English is Awesome!Hey there, friends! It's me again, your buddy who loves learning English. I'm so excited to share with you what I learned from the second lesson in my Advanced English Learning Guide. This book has been a game-changer for me, and I can't wait to tell you all about it!First things first, let me give you a little backstory. I'm a10-year-old kid who loves to read, play sports, and hang out with my friends. English was always a subject that gave me a hard time, but ever since I started using this amazing book, everything has changed.The second lesson in the book was all about mastering vocabulary. I know what you're thinking, "Ugh, vocabulary? That sounds so boring!" But trust me, the way this book teaches it is anything but boring!One of the coolest things about this lesson was the way it introduced new words through stories and games. For example, there was this super fun story about a group of kids who went on an adventure篇2My English Class Adventure!Hi there! My name is Timmy and I'm going to tell you all about my awesome English class. We just started a new lesson and it's super cool. It's from this really big book called the "Advanced English Learning Guide" - it looks kind of like a dictionary but it's not, it's way better!Our lesson is all about different jobs and occupations. At first I was like "Boooring!" but then my teacher Mrs. Roberts made it really fun. She had us go around the class and say what we want to be when we grow up. Can you guess what I said? A professional soccer player! I'm the best player on my team, at least according to me. My best friend Johnny said he wants to be an astronaut and go to the moon. How cool would that be?After we went around sharing our dream jobs, Mrs. Roberts taught us lots of new vocabulary words related to different careers. My favorite one was "veterinarian" - that's an animaldoctor! I loooove animals so that could be another fun job. We also learned "chef", "scientist", "artist", and "engineer" among others. Engineers design really cool buildings and bridges - maybe I could be one of those if the whole soccer star thing doesn't pan out.Then we did this awesome activity where we had to draw pictures of different professionals doing their jobs. I drew a fireman rescuing a cat from a tree. Chloe drew a dentist looking at someone's teeth. Billy drew a lunch lady dropping a tray of food (he's so silly!). After we finished our drawings, we went around describing what was happening in each picture using the new vocabulary words we had practiced. It was kind of like show-and-tell which is my favorite part of school!The best part of the lesson came next though. Mrs. Roberts split us up into teams and gave each team an occupation that we had to act out doing different tasks for that job. Can you guess what my team's job was? A zookeeper! We had to pretend to feed the lions, bathe the elephants, and clean out the penguin habitat. We made all the animal noises and everything - it was hilarious. The team playing doctors had to give each other check-ups. And the team playing firefighters had to put out an "imaginary fire" by aiming their pretend hoses at it. So much fun!At the end, we learned about suffixes and how you can add "-er" or "-or" to some verbs to name the person who does that action. Like a "teacher" teaches, a "sailor" sails ships, and a "conductor" conducts an orchestra or train. Having different forms of words is one of the trickiest parts of English if you ask me. But Mrs. Roberts made a game of it where we had to take turns going up to the board and writing new job names using suffixes. Whoever made a mistake had to do five jumping jacks - good thing I'm in shape from all that soccer practice!That's pretty much all the highlights from our super engaging jobs and occupations lesson. I can't wait until our next class so we can learn more new things. English is hard sometimes with all the rules and exceptions, but amazing teachers like Mrs. Roberts make it a blast. Plus it will really help me in the future when I'm negotiating my multi-million dollar soccer contract! Until next time, keep on learning. Peace out!篇3My English Learning Adventure - Unit 2Wow, I can't believe we're already on Unit 2 of our Advanced English Learning book! The last unit was so much fun, but I'm ready to dive into some new and exciting topics.This unit is all about "Around the World." How cool is that? I love learning about different countries, cultures, and people. It's like going on a adventure without even leaving the classroom!One of the first things we learned about was famous landmarks from around the globe. We read descriptions and saw pictures of incredible structures like the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt, the Taj Mahal in India, and the Statue of Liberty in the United States. I was in awe at how massive and beautiful these landmarks are. I can only imagine what it must be like to see them in person!My favorite activity was when we had to research a landmark of our choice and create a poster presentation about it. I chose to do mine on the Great Wall of China. Did you know that it's over 13,000 miles long? That's almost long enough to go halfway around the Earth! I had so much fun learning all the fascinating facts and history behind this amazing structure. My poster turned out great, and I even got to dress up like a Chinese warrior to present it. My classmates thought it was really cool.We've also been practicing how to give directions and locate places on a map. This will definitely come in handy if I ever get to travel to different countries someday. Our teacher had us work in pairs, where one person had to guide the other to a secretlocation just using a map and verbal instructions. It was tricky at first, but after some practice, my partner and I became pros at navigating the maps without getting lost.Another highlight was when we learned about various cultural traditions and celebrations from different parts of the world. We read stories, listened to music, and even got to try some traditional foods from several countries. My favorite was definitely the sweet rice cakes we made to represent the Chinese New Year. They were so yummy!Overall, this unit on exploring the world has been an absolute blast. I feel like I've gone on a whirlwind tour through history, across continents, and into the hearts of fascinating cultures and traditions. Perhaps my next stop will be learning some new languages to prepare for my future travels!Who knows where Unit 3 will take us? I can't wait to find out. But for now, it's been an enriching journey through the wonders of our amazing world. Bring on the adventures!篇4Learning English is Super Fun!Hi everyone! My name is Timmy and I'm 8 years old. I love learning English because it's so much fun. My teacher just started teaching us from this really cool book called the "Advanced English Learning Guide Volume 2." We're on the second lesson and I want to tell you all about it!The lesson is all about describing people's appearances. In English, we can use lots of awesome words to say what someone looks like. We can talk about their hair, eyes, face, body and more. It's like being a detective and observing every little detail!My favorite part is learning the words for different hair colors and styles. Did you know there are so many more options than just "blonde" and "brown?" We can say "strawberry blonde," "raven black," "fiery red" and "chestnut brown." How cool is that? It's like giving someone's hair a fun code name.Then there are all the words for different hair textures too. Some people have "sleek and shiny" hair while others have "frizzy and unruly" locks. My best friend Jack has hair that always sticks straight up no matter what he does. I guess you could call it "spiky!"When we describe eyes, it gets even more exciting. We don't just say "blue" or "green." Nope, in English we can use vivid words like "sapphire," "emerald," "hazel" and "amber." It makesme think of precious gems and jewels. My eyes are just a boring "muddy brown," but my teacher has pretty "almond-shaped" eyes.Faces are a blast too. Some people have "chiseled" features with a "strong jawline." Other folks look "cherubic" with "rosy cheeks." My grandma always pinches my puffy cheeks and calls me her little "buttercup." How embarrassing!We've talked about different noses too. Some are "button noses" while others are more "aquiline" which means hooked like a bird's beak. My dad has a "bulbous" nose that my brother and I tease him about. But my mom says篇5Learning English - It's Fun and Easy!Hi there! My name is Emma and I'm 10 years old. I love learning English because it opens up a whole new world of books, movies, games, and friends from all over the globe. English is the coolest language ever!In my English class, we just started a new lesson about describing people's appearances and personalities. It's really interesting to learn all the new vocabulary words for hair colors,eye colors, body types, and traits like funny, smart, kind, or adventurous.My teacher showed us some pictures of different people and we had to describe what they looked like and seemed like as a person. There was this one guy who had spiky red hair, freckles, and a big goofy grin. I said he looked like a clown and seemed really goofy and fun. My best friend Sara disagreed though - she thought he just looked kind of weird and messy.Describing people is harder than you might think! You have to look at every little detail and try to put it into words. Like this篇6Learning English is Fun!Hi there! My name is Emily and I'm in 5th grade. Today I want to tell you all about the cool English lessons we've been having in class from this big book called the "Advanced English Learning Guide." It's a pretty funny name since I'm just a kid, but the lessons are actually lots of fun!In the last lesson, we learned about telling stories in English. Mrs. Robinson had us all pick our favorite fairy tales or make one up, and then we practiced retelling the story in our own words. Ipicked Little Red Riding Hood because that's always been one of my favorites. I remembered how the silly wolf tried to trick little Red by dressing up like her grandmother. But in the end, the huntsman rescued her and gave the wolf what he deserved!It was really hard at first to get all the details right in English. Sometimes I got mixed up on words like "woods" and "forest" or I'd forget whether Red's grandma lived in a "house" or a "cottage." But Mrs. Robinson was super patient and helped me get it straight. By the end, I could retell the whole story clearly. She said my English storytelling skills were excellent!For this latest lesson, we're learning how to describe things in great detail. Mrs. Robinson brought in a bunch of cool objects for us to practice with. One was this crazy looking sculpture made out of pipe cleaners all twisted up. It kind of looked like a porcupine or maybe a weird bunny! I raised my hand and gave a long description of how it had all these bendable stems sticking out in every direction, some thicker ones and some thin ones too.I said the colors were bright like a rainbow, with reds and blues and greens all mixed together.Another object was an old-fashioned rotary telephone. Remember those? It was this heavy black thing with a curly cord and a dial you had to stick your finger in and turn instead ofpushing buttons. I described how it felt really solid and smooth to the touch, but the dial part had those cool little holes and ridges. It made me imagine calling up someone from the olden days!Describing using English words is way harder than it looks. Like for the pipe cleaner sculpture, I got mixed up between words like "fuzzy" and "prickly". And for the phone, I struggled to explain how the dial part moved with words like "spin" or "twist" or "turn." Thank goodness Mrs. Robinson would gently correct me until I got it right.My favorite object was this weird retro lamp that looked like a rocket ship. I said it was shaped like a cone or pyramid, with a bright orange glass cover on top. The base was a chunky cylinder that kind of had a 50s sci-fi vibe. It felt cold and smooth, like it was made of metal or plastic. When you turned it on, the orange top glowed like a pumpkin! I had so much fun using descriptive words in English to paint that picture.After we described all the objects, Mrs. Robinson had us work with partners. One partner picked an object and the other had to listen carefully and draw it based on their description. Let me tell you, it was not easy! My partner Jayden described this ceramic mug, but I got the colors and the shape all mixed up onmy drawing. Jayden's picture of the rocket lamp looked pretty good, but he missed some of the biggest details. Like how the base was cylindrical or how the top almost looked like a flying saucer. No matter how hard we tried, our drawings never quite matched the real thing!But that's okay, because practice makes perfect. The more we describe objects out loud in English class, the better we're getting at it. Using all those vivid adjectives like "conical" or "cylindrical" or "translucent" is definitely a skill. Same with explaining how things look, feel, smell, or even sound. I never realized how many words you need for giving a clear picture with your descriptions!Pretty soon, I know I'll be a total pro at describing anything and everything in perfect English detail. Then whoever I describe something to will be able to imagine it just as clearly as if they were looking right at it! Maybe I'll even write some descriptive stories of my own one day. I could set them in worlds filled with crazy sculptures, funky lamps, and all sorts of whachmacallit doodads. The descriptions will be so vibrant and lifelike, it'll seem just as real as Little。
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Lesson 12 Four Laws of Ecology （Part II）一、词汇短语1. pervasive [] adj. existing everywhere到处存在的，到处弥漫着的：The fact that so many people have posted comments on this topicshows how pervasive and complicated it is.事实上这么多人公开谈论这个话题，就已经表明这是多么普遍多么复杂的事情。
2. detrimental [] adj. causing harm or damage有害的，不利的：The policy will be detrimental to the peace process.这项政策不利于和平进程。
3. analogy []n. something that seems similar between twosituations, processes, etc.类似处，相似处4. finite [] adj. having an end or a limit 有限的，有限度的：Humanknowledge is finite, ie there are things we do not know. 人类的认识是有限的。
5. improbable [] adj. not likely to happen or to be true 不大可能发生的，未必确切的：As improbable as this sounds, it really works.听起来有点不可思议，但这是真的。
6. self-evident [] adj. clearly true and needing no moreproof不证自明的，显而易见的：It seems to me self-evident that policesearches of newspaper offices burden the freedom of the press.警察对报社的搜查给新闻自由造成压力，这在我看来是不言而喻的。
7. technologist []n. someone who has specialknowledge of technology 技术专家，工艺师：How is one to maintainone’s knowledge and ability as an educational technologist?作为教育技术专家，我们应该如何维持我们的专业知识和能力？8. predecessor [] n. someone who had your job before youstart doing it 前任：There is some truth to this, and I certainly hopethat President Obama will be far more engaged than his predecessorin tackling this agenda.关于这一点，确实有些属实，我当然希望奥巴马总统在解决这个议程上将远比他前任参与得多。
9. retain [] v. to keep something or continue to have something保留，保有，继续拥有：His speech could not retain the interest of his audience.他的讲话不能保持住听众的兴趣。
10. induce [] vt. to cause a particular physical condition诱发（某种身体反应）：Videos of neutral content, such as landscapes, induce no suchresponse.风景画这样平和的内容便不会引起这样的反应。
11. x-irradiation X射线照射exposure to X-rays12. mutation [] n. a change in the genetic structure of ananimal or plant that makes it different from others of the same kind （动物或植物的）突变，变异：This mutation makes no difference to animalsthat get plenty of vitamin C in their diet.这种突变对有些从饮食中获得充足维生素C的动物没有任何影响。
13. albeit[]ed to add information that reduces theforce or importance of what you have just said 尽管，虽然：Albeit fair, thegirl was not sought after.那姑娘虽然漂亮，但不是被爱慕的女子。
14. viability []n. being able to continue to live or todevelop into a living thing 成活力，生存能力：It evaluates the basicviability of the project.它估计了项目的基本生存能力。
15. compound [] n. technical a substance containing atoms from two or more elements化合物16. variant [] n. technical something that is slightly different fromthe usual form of something变体，变化形式：I recommend that you avoidthis variant because it makes assumptions about interrupt states.我建议不要使用此变体，因为它会假设中断状态。
17. foregoing [] adj. something that has just been mentioned,read, dealt with, etc.刚提到的（事物）前面提到的事物，上述（事物）：Theforegoing story was written by an English writer.前述的故事是一个英国作家写的。
18. synthesize [] v. to make something by combining differentthings or substances 合成：It helps to synthesize proteins, build ourmuscles, and maintain the normal electrical activity of the heart.它帮助合成蛋白质，充盈我们的肌肉，维持心脏正常的生物电活动。
19. carcinogenic [] adj. likely to cause cancer 会致癌的20. enzyme [] n. [C] a chemical substance that is produced in a plantor animal, and helps chemical changes to take place in the plant oranimal 酶21. provision []n. [C] [usually singular, U] when you providesomething that someone needs now or in the future 提供，供给，为……作好准备，为……预先釆取措施：The main business of the port is toprovision passing ocean liners.这个港口的主要工作是为过往的远洋油轮提供物品。
22. prudent [] adj. sensible and careful, especially by trying toavoid unnecessary risks 明智谨慎的，慎重的，审慎的：Be modest andprudent, never lag behind!谦虚谨慎，永不落后！23. disseminate [] vt. formal to spread information or ideasto as many people as possible散布，广泛传播（消息或观点）: “Allvolunteers become empowered to be an expert in their area oftraining and can disseminate information to the public,” she said.“所有志愿者只要在他们受训领域被授予专家认证，就能向公众传播知识”，她在采访中表示。
24. detergent[]n. a liquid or powder used for washing clothes, dishes, etc.洗涤剂，洗衣粉，洗洁精25. insecticide [] n. a chemical substance used for killing insects 杀虫剂，杀虫药26. herbicide [] n. technical a substance used to kill unwantedplants除草剂27. illuminating [] adj. making things much clearerand easier to understand使清楚易懂的，富于启发性的：I continued toeat my delicious stir-fries and curries, but I did it alone, surreptitiously,the light from the refrigerator—the only thing illuminating me in myquiet, now-herbivorous kitchen.我继续吃我的美味炒菜和咖喱，但我暗中独自进行着，在安静的而现在满是草食的厨房里，照亮我的只有冰箱里的光。
28. potentate [] n. a ruler in the past, who had great powerover his people君主，统治者：It is scarcely possible to exaggerate theinfluence of vanity throughout the range of human life, from the childof three to the potentate at whose frown the world trembles. 从三岁的小孩到眉头一皱世界震动的君主，对人类虚荣心遍及生活各角落的影响，如何夸大都不为过。