高考英语 构词法
(全)高考英语历年真题详解-构词法
高考英语历年真题详解-构词法2015新课标1卷Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.答案：regularly构词法：形容词构副词，形容构副词一般是在词尾加ly，副词可以修饰动词、形容词、副词与整个句子。
2015新课标2卷In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their(able) to “air condition”a house without using electric equipment.答案：ability构词法：形容词构名词，名词后缀-ity: ability, possibility, probability, responsibility, purity, reality, equalityWalls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat (slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house.答案：slowly构词法：形容词构副词As (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.答案：natural构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-al：natural, additional, educational, national2016全国卷（新课标一）But for tourists like me, pandas are its top (attract).答案：attraction构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, directionThe title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.答案：officially构词法：形容词构副词2016全国新课标二卷Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of (achieve).答案：achievement构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ment：punishment, argument, agreement, governmentRecent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks (regular).答案：regularly构词法：形容词构副词2016全国卷（新课标三）Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which (gradual) turned into chopsticks.答案：gradually构词法：形容词构副词Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.答案：development构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ment：punishment, argument, agreement, government2017（全国1卷）However, be (care) not to go to extremes.答案：careful构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-ful：beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful, successful2017（全国2卷）Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must havebeen (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 答案：fairly构词法：形容词构副词This development was only possible with the (introduce) ofelectric-powered engines and lifts.答案：introduction构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, directionThe central London Railway was one of the most (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.答案：successful构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-ful：beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful, successful2017（全国3卷）She is determined to carry on with her ( educate).答案：education构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, directionIt is (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.答案：certainly构词法：形容词构副词2018（全国1卷）To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercisesto (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.答案：strengthen构词法：名词构动词，动词后缀或前缀-en: quicken, weaken, soften, harden; en-: enjoy, encourage, enlargeRunning is cheap, easy and it's always (energy).答案：energetic构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀(t)ic-: realistic , humanistic , enthusiastic , economic2018（全国2卷）A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.答案：actually构词法：形容词构副词This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.答案：pollution构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, directionAccording to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption.答案：global构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-al：natural, additional, educational, national2018（全国3卷）I'm a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.答案：scientist构词法：-ist：pianist, communist, dentist, artist, receptionist2018（浙江卷）The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week maybe (afford) but doing this most days adds up.答案：affordable动词构形容，形容词后缀-able, -ible：eatable, enjoyable, acceptable, reasonableResearchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.答案：weight构词法：动词构名词2019（全国1卷）It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.答案：poorly构词法：形容词构副词In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a (believe) that populations are increasing.答案：belief构词法：动词构名词，类似的还有relieve-relief2019全国2卷Her years of hard work have (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.答案：finally构词法：形容词构副词We are so proud of her. It's (wonder).答案：wonderful构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-ful：beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful, successful2019全国3卷When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.答案：competition构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, directionThey also shared with us many (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were (huge) popular with tourists.答案：traditional; hugely构词法：名词构形容词；形容词构副词2019浙江卷When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can(easy) see them.答案：easily构词法：形容词构副词School uniforms are (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.答案：traditional构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-al：natural, additional, educational, national。
2024新高考英语复习构词法
悲伤的:sorrow—sorrowful
高雅的:grace—graceful
可耻的:shame—shameful
-less
无,不
无成效的:fruit—fruitless
无意义的:meaning—meaningless
不痛的:pain—painless
坐立不安的:rest—restless
无望的:hope—hopeless
2.形容词转换为副词
后缀 -ly
意义 以……方式
例词
绝对地:absolute—absolutely
仅仅:bare—barely
真诚地:sincere—sincerely
事实上,真实地:actual—actually
最后:eventual—eventually
很少:rare—rarely
批评性地:critical—critically
具有……特 性的;与…… 有关的
实际的:practice—practical
偶然的:accident—accidental
符合逻辑的:logic—logical
职业的:profession—professional
面部的:face—facial
金融的:finance—financial
有益的:benefit—beneficial
系统的:system—systematic 有同情心的:sympathy—sympathetic
戏剧性的:drama—dramatic
悲观的:pessimism—pessimistic
热心的:enthusiasm—enthusiastic
乐观的:optimism—optimistic
科学的:science—scientific
高考英语语法——构词法
高考英语语法——构词法（Word-formation）一、构词法种类重点用法①转化用法：转化构词法是指一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。
也就是说，一个单词可作名词，也可作动词或别的词类，从意思上讲，是一词多义；从语法上讲，是一个词可有多种语法功能。
dream v.遇见；n.梦I dreamed a terrible dream.我做了一个噩梦。
动词名词home n.家；故乡；adv.在（向，到）家At four o’clock I went home.Then I went to Uncle Wang’s home.副词名词我4点回到家，然后去了王叔叔家。
重点用法②合成用法：合成构词法是指由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连字符“-”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。
合成词中有合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词、合成代词、合成副词等，其中合成名词和合成形容词较多。
class+room=classroom教室名词+名词black+board=blackboard黑板形容词+名词good+looking=good-looking相貌好看的形容词+分词over+come=overcome克服副词+动词提示：多数合成名词变成复数时，只把主体名词变成复数，而由man，woman构成的合成名词变为复数时，必须把主体名词和man或woman都变为复数。
daughter(s)-in-law儿媳passer(s)-by路人wom e n teacher s女教师m e n doctor s男医生注意：当数词和表示年龄、质量、尺寸等的名词用连字符“-”构成合成词时，这些名词用单数形式。
He is a five-year-old boy.=He is five years old.他是一个5岁的小男孩。
It’s a four-foot-long box.这个盒子有4英尺长。
重点用法③派生用法：1.派生构词法是指由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。
高考英语考点 52构词法
考点五十二构词法构词法一派生法1.形容词变副词的后缀2.形容词变名词的后缀3.动词变名词的后缀4.表示＂人＂的后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。
常见的表示＂人＂的后缀有：5.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀6.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀7.变动词的前缀和后缀构词法二转化法不改变词形，把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。
构词法三合成法英语构词法中把两个单词连在一起合成一个新词，前一个词修饰或限定后一个词，这样的方法就是合成法。
1.合成名词2.合成形容词3.合成动词4.合成副词5.合成代词改正以下句子的错误1.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.2.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ) Dad and I were terrible worried.3.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.4.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!1. (2018·新课标I卷) To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces to ________(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always________(energy).【答案】strengthen；energetic【解析】①考查词性转换。
2023届高考英语复习之语法透析：词性转换(构词法)课件
act → active 积极的；活跃的 ive effect → effective 有效的；生效的
attract → attractive 有吸引力的 impress → impressive 给人印象深刻的
02 考点精析
名词、动词转化 为形容词后缀ous
direct → indirect 间接的
02 考点精析 ir-
前缀 mis-
un
regular → irregular 不规则的 responsible → irresponsible 不负责任的
lead → mislead 误导 understand → misunderstand误解 usual → unusual 不寻常的 willing → unwilling 不愿意的 happy → unhappy 不高兴的 known → unknown 不出名的
02 考点精析
动词转化为名词 后缀ance/ence
appear → appearance 出现；外貌 perform → performance 表演；节目 exist → existence 存在；生存 prefer → preference 偏爱 refer → reference 参考；查阅 guide → guidance 指引；指导
doubt → doubtful 怀疑的 forget → forgetful 健忘的 harm → harmful 有害的 hope → hopeful 有希望的 peace → peaceful 和平的
02 考点精析
名词、动词转化 为形容词后缀
scare → scared 感到恐惧的 -ed confuse → confused 感到困惑的
高考英语语法必考考点(15)构词法(含解析)
——————————教育资源共享步入知识海洋————————2019年高考英语语法必考考点（15）：构词法含解析李仕才【考点解读】英语词性是可以相互转化的。
词性的转换有两种方法：转化法和缀合法（派生法）。
一、转化法转化法是由一个词类转化为另一个词类的方法，即某一个词早期迁移定型为某一个词义和词类，后来通过词义扩大或比喻等方法把它活用为其它词义和词类的方法，一般在转化义和原义之间有明显的联系。
转化法一般多用于简单音节的词汇中。
转化法主要分为如下四种类型：1. 动词转化为名词。
多用来表示一次性动作，或与动作相关的事物。
①We stopped there for a swim.我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。
swim原为动词“游泳”。
②Xiao Liu's answers is perfectly right.小刘的回答是完全正确的。
answer原为动词“回答”。
2. 名词转化为动词。
这类词多与名词所具有的特殊动作有关，也是修辞。
例如：①He wolfed down three bowls of rice.他狼吞虎咽地吃了三大碗饭。
wolf.原为名词“狼”。
②He insisted on staying up to nurse the child.他坚持不睡觉来护理这个女孩。
nurse.原为名词“护士”。
3. 形容词转化为动词。
①He had blacked his face with soot.他已经用煤灰把脸抹黑了。
black 原为形容词“黑色的”。
②My father is emptying a box of rubbish into a rubbish-cart.我爸爸正将垃圾倒入垃圾车。
empty原为形容词“空的”。
4. 形容词转化为名词。
即用性质来指代这种性质的事物。
例如：①My mother likes red.我妈妈喜欢红色（的）。
red原为形容词“红色的”。
②The Chinese are working-hard and brave people.中国人勤劳而勇敢。
英语高考转化构词法
英语高考转化构词法转化构词法是指通过改变单词的词性或形态，来创造新词或派生词的构词法。
在英语高考中，我们经常会遇到这种构词法，因此对于掌握英语词汇及语法而言，掌握这种构词法是非常重要的。
一、名词转动词这种构词法是将名词转换为动词，常用的形式有加动词后缀，如happen、lengthen等，在英语中，名词转动词的范围非常广泛。
示例：1. Friend - befriend2. Help - help3. Love - love4. Party - party5. Play - play6. Rain - rain7. Road - road8. Smile - smile9. Shop-shop10. Train - train二、动词转名词示例：1. Build- builder2. Cook - cook3. Design - design4. Friend - friendship5. Jog - jogger6. Read - reader7. Smile - smile8. Sing - singer9. Swim - swimmer10. Talk - talker三、形容词转动词这种构词法是将形容词转换为动词，常用的形式有添加动词后缀，如brighten、loosen等。
示例：1. Dark - darken2. Dry - dry3. Quiet - quieten4. Soft - soften5. Wet - wet6. Bright - brighten7. Old - old8. Far - far9. Light - light10. Quick - quicken四、动词转形容词这种构词法是将动词转换为形容词，常用的形式有加形容词后缀，如amused、confused、interested等。
示例：1. Amuse - amused2. Choose - chosen3. Confuse - confused4. Disappoint - disappointed5. E某cite - e某cited6. Fascinate - fascinated7. Interest - interested8. Please - pleased9. Satisfy - satisfied10. Terrify - terrified五、名词转形容词这种构词法是将名词转换为形容词，常用的形式有加形容词后缀，如fiery、cloudy、woody等。
高考英语三大构词法之详解汇总
高考英语三大构词法之汇总一. 转化法（conversion）在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
1. 动词转化为名词Let me have a try. 让我试试。
They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school. 在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。
2. 名词转化为动词He shouldered his way through the crowd. 他用肩膀推开人群前进。
The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water. 从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。
3. 形容词转化为动词We will try our best to better our living conditions. 我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
They tried to perfect the working conditions. 他们努力改善工作条件。
4. 形容词转化为名词He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.他不辨是非。
The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
5. 形容词转化为副词How long have you lived there? 你在那儿住多久了？6. 情态动词，副词，连词在一定场合中也可转化为名词Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。
Life is full of ups and downs.人生有得意时也有失意时。
His argument contains too many ifs and buts. 他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。
二. 合成法（composition）由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词（compounds）。
高中英语高考真题中的构词法归纳
【高考必读】2019年高考真题中的构词法近十年高考英语阅读文章中频繁出现派生词、合成词和转化词等基于构词法衍生的新面孔词汇。
有些单词/ 短语在“扩容”后，意义全非。
值得警惕的是，这种构词法词汇的呈现量在2017年后呈加速度增长。
2019全国 I 卷1. hands-on business training 操作性强的商务培训2. joker n 爱开玩笑的人；傻瓜；难以预料的事；难以捉摸的人the “-ld”, a pronunciation difficulty for non-native English 3. Kris trips onspeakers.克勒斯在“-ld”发音上磕绊起来，这个发音对于英语非母语的人来说是一个拼读难点。
► trip on 绊倒；磕巴4. improper pauses 不恰当的停顿数据及身份信息盗窃5. data and identity theft6. fingerprint scan 指纹扫描7. a low-cost device 低成本设备8. by extension 再则就是；引申下去就是9. password n 密码► a username and password 用户名及密码10. commercialize / commercialise v 商业化11. rosy years 花样年华► rosy future 乐观的未来► a rosy picture 美好的画面12. well-explored 探讨充分的促进人际技巧13. jump-start interpersonal skills14. dishonorable behavior 不光彩的行为15. enviable adj 令人羡慕的；令人嫉妒的16. score vt 得分；打分 n 得分；比分最不受欢迎的青少年17. the least well-liked teensn 讨人喜欢；可爱18. likability19. adaptable adj 能适应的；适应力强的20. The clean air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. ► life-giving adj 赋予生命的；维持生命的► energizing adj 增强活力的21. Greenery is good for us.► greenery n 绿色植物；青枝绿叶22. apply sunscreen over the skin在皮肤上涂抹防晒霜► apply make-up / lipstick 抹化妆品 / 唇膏2019全国II卷1. co-author n 联合作者；合著作家2. Here she picks her top reads.在此，她挑选了几本她最喜爱的读物。
第07讲 构词法(讲义)-2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)含解析
第07讲构词法（讲义）-2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）第07讲构词法目录01 考情透视.目标导航 (1)02 知识导图.思维引航 (2)03 考点突破.考法探究 (4)考点一派生法 (5)知识点1 解题时派生词的判断依据 (5)知识点2 前缀、否定前缀和否定后缀 6知识点3 名词后缀 7知识点4 形容词后缀 (9)知识点5 副词后缀 (10)知识点6 动词后缀10考点二合成法 (11)知识点1 合成名词11知识点2 合成形容词 (11)知识点3 合成动词、副词及其他12考点三转化法 (13)04 真题练习·命题洞现1.真题实战 (14)阅读理解中对构词法的考查..... .. (14)语法填空中对构词法的考查 (14)2.命题演练 (15)复习目标：、具备根据语境推断词性及意思的能力；掌握构词法的三大规则：派生、合成和转换；掌握构词法，提高阅读速度，提高核心素养；具备根据句法知识判断句子成分并判断其词性，然后准确写出正确形式的能力；考点概述：许多英语单词的构词都有一定的规律，这种规律被成为构词法。
掌握构词法知识对考生更好的理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。
意义中的构词法主要有派生法(Derivation)、合成法（Composition）和转换法(Conversion)三大类。
【高考导航】1.（2024年浙江1月高考阅读理解D片段）We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value— a feeling of reward and satisfaction.2. (2023年新高考I卷) Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ___56___(taste)soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.考点一派生法知识点1 派生词的判断依据1.冠词、物主代词等词类后一般跟名词。
高考英语构词法知识点总结
高考英语构词法知识点总结在高考英语考试中，构词法是一个重要的考点。
掌握好构词法知识点，不仅可以在阅读理解和完形填空中更好地理解词汇的含义，还能够在写作中运用丰富的词汇和短语，使文章更富有表达力。
本文将对高考英语构词法知识点进行总结。
一、前缀前缀是在单词前面加上的一个词缀，可以改变词的意义或形式。
以下是高考中常见的前缀：1. un-：表示否定、相反或逆向。
比如：unhappy（不开心的）、unsuccessful（不成功的）、untie（解开）。
2. re-：表示再度、重现或回到。
比如：review（复习）、rebuild（重建）、return（回归）。
3. dis-：表示否定、相反或分离。
比如：disagree（不同意）、disconnect（断开连接）、disorder（混乱）。
4. mis-：表示错误或错误方向。
比如：misunderstand（误解）、mislead（误导）、mistake（错误）。
二、后缀后缀是在单词后面加上的一个词缀，可以改变词的词性或形式。
以下是高考中常见的后缀：1. -er/-or：表示人或物的职业或身份。
比如：teacher（教师）、actor（演员）、visitor（访客）。
2. -ing：表示动作进行中或状态。
比如：running（跑步的）、falling（下落的）、sleeping（睡觉的）。
3. -able/-ible：表示可行的或可接受的。
比如：usable（可用的）、visible（可见的）、credible（可信的）。
4. -ful：表示充满或具有的特性。
比如：beautiful（美丽的）、wonderful（美妙的）、helpful（有帮助的）。
三、词根词根是单词中最基本的部分，可以通过添加前缀或后缀来构成新的单词。
以下是高考中常见的词根：1. log-：表示言论或思考。
比如：dialogue（对话）、logic （逻辑）、monologue（独白）。
高考英语语法填空解题技巧：构词法
高考英语语法填空解题技巧：构词法考情分析构词法主要包括派生、合成、转化和截短缩略四大类。
在近年高考中，直接体现在语法填空中的应用主要有：给出形容词提示词，填写副词或名词；给出动词，填写名词或形容词；给出名词，填写形容词。
然而，构词法不仅体现在语法填空中，而是广泛分布在阅读、完形等各种题型中。
掌握构词法是快速拓展词汇量，深入理解语篇的法宝。
一、语法填空真题感悟1. (2021年全国乙卷·61&62) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become __________ (educate) about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the __________ (develop) of the local areas.答案：educated; development解析：句意：它与传统旅游不同，因为它让旅行者了解该地区的地理条件和文化特征，并经常为保护和促进当地的发展提供资金。
educate与逻辑主语traveler之间是被动关系，故become后应用educated作表语，意为“受到教育的”。
第二空所填单词在句中作benefits的宾语，需用develop的名词形式，且为不可数名词，故填development。
2. (2021年全国新高考Ⅰ卷·58) It will __________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed!答案：undoubtedly解析：句意：它将毫无疑问帮助你变得精力充沛起来。
构词法-备战2023年高考英语复习语法知识点全面梳理(全国通用)
副词＋现在分词 hard-working, far-seeing， well-meaning
副词＋过去分词 well-prepared, quickly-cured, well-known
3.3 合成法
复合名词的构成
方式
例词
名词＋名词 形容词＋名词 动名词＋名词 动词＋副词 动词＋名词
horseback , bank-note, newspaper, cell-phone back-yard, forehead， greenhouse, blackboard hiding-place, reading-room get-off, break-in, breakdown, breakup pickpocket , break-water
词类 数词 副词
后缀 －teen －ty －th －ly
例词 thirteen 十三 fifteen 十五 twenty 二十 fifth 第五 carefully 细心地 happily 开心地
3.2 转化法
3.3 合成法
复合形容词的构成
方式
例词
形容词＋名词
first-class, part-time, second-hand, bare-foot
常用后缀 词类
形容词
后缀
－able, －ible
－al －ed －en －ern
－ing
例词
comfortable舒服的 enjoyable 快乐的 flexible灵活的
traditional 传统的 national 民族的 surprised 感到吃惊的 wooden 木制的 golden 金的 eastern 东方的 western 西方的
高中英语 高考真题中的构词法与巩固练习
高考真题中的构词法与巩固练习英语中常见的构词法有派生法（Derivation）、合成法（Compounding）和转化法（Conversion）三大类。
在每年的高考英语试题中，都会出现大量的派生词、合成词和转化词，而这些词很有可能会影响学生的阅读速度和精准度。
一、派生词全国I卷ensure (en- + sure) v确保；保证en-：使（make）additional (addition + -al) adj额外的-al：……的（of）familiarity (familiar + -ity) n熟悉；亲近-ity：表示具有某种特征的状态（the condition）transformative (transform + -ive) adj革命性的；变革的-ive：具有……性质的（having the quality of ~ing）physically (physical + -ly) adv 身体上approximately (approximate + -ly) adv大约uncommon (un- + common) adj不常有的；罕见的un-：不（not）employee (employ + -ee) n受雇者；雇员-ee：被……者（a person who is ~ed）harmful (harm + -ful) adj有害的-ful：易于……的（having the tendency of）treatment (treat + -ment) n处理；治疗-ment：……的行为（the act of ~ing）empower (em- + power) v授权；使能够em- (=en-)：使（make）apparently (apparent + -ly) adv显然地merely (mere + -ly) adv仅仅；只不过absolutely (absolute + -ly) adv绝对地；完全地unreasonable (un- + reasonable) adj不合理的un-：不（not）repeatedly (repeated + -ly) adv重复地；再三地temporarily (temporary + -ly) adv暂时地casually (casual + -ly) adv偶然地；随意地extremely (extreme + -ly) adv极其；非常全国II卷inspirational (inspiration + -al) adj启发灵感的-al：有……性质的（having the nature of）psychologist (psychology + -ist) n心理学家-ist：从事……的专家predictor (predict + -or) n有预测作用的事物-or：……物（a thing that ~s）developmental (development + -al) adj发展的-al：……的（of）environmentalist (environmental + -ist) n环保主义者-ist：……主义者ecologist (ecology + -ist) n生态学家ecosystem (eco- + system) n生态系统eco-：生态（abstracted from “ecology”）biologist (biology + -ist) n生物学家risky (risk + -y) adj冒险的-y：有……特征的（characterized by）wonderment (wonder + -ment) n 惊奇；惊喜-ment：the state of ~ing（……的状况）excitement (excite + -ment) n 激动；兴奋-ment：the state of ~ing（……的状况）novelist (novel + -ist) n 小说家announcement (announce + -ment) n 宣布；宣告-ment：the act of ~ing（……的行为）uneasy (un- + easy) adj 不自在的；忧虑的-un：不（not）soften (soft + -en) v使变温和-en：使（cause to be）enable (en- + able) v使能够en-：使（make）conversational (conversation + -al) adj交谈的；谈话的-al：……的（of）certainly (certain + -ly) adv必然；肯定地renewal (renew + -al) n恢复；更新-al：……行为（the act of ~ing）surely (sure + -ly) adv一定；必定；想必全国III卷tasty (taste + -y) adj 美味的-y：有……特征的（characterized by）enrich (en- + rich) v丰富en-：使（make）treasury (treasure + -y) n宝库exceptional (exception + -al) adj非凡的multigenerational (multi- + generation + -al) adj多代的multi-：多的（many）traditionally (traditional + -ly) adv历来coastal (coast + -al) adj近海的；沿海的characteristic (character + -istic) n特征；特色；特点registry (register + -y) n登记处unpack (un- + pack) v打开（盒子、包或手提箱等）取出（物品）un-：取走（to remove）speechless (speech + -less) adj 说不出话的-less：无（without）milky (milk + -y) adj 奶制的；像奶的-y：多……的（full of）gently (gentle + -ly) adj 温柔地；温和地effectiveness (effective + -ness) n有效性-ness：……的性质或状态（the quality or condition of being）guidance (guide + -ance) n指导；引导-ance：……的行为（the act of ~ing）popularity (popular + -ity) n受欢迎；普及；流行-ity：……的状态（the condition of）浙江卷meaningful (meaning + -ful) adj有意义的-ful：充满……的（full of）widen (wide + -en) v（使）变宽-en：使（cause to be）analytical (analytic + -al) adj分析的managerial (manager + -ial) adj管理的multitasking (multi- + task + -ing) n同时做几件事情multi-：多的（many）environmental (environment + -al) adj环境的；环保的loneliness (lonely + -ness) n孤独-ness：……的性质或状态（the quality or condition of being）helpful (help + -ful) adj有帮助的；有益的-ful：充满……的（full of）colorful (color + -ful) adj颜色鲜艳的；五彩缤纷的-ful：充满……的（full of）machinery (machine + -ery) n机器；机械-ery：……的群体或集体（a group of ~s）山东卷disqualification (dis- + qualify + -tion) n取消资格dis-：取消（undo）warmth (warm + -th) n温暖；热情-th：……的性质或状态（the quality or condition of being）architectural (architecture + -al) adj建筑学的；建筑方面的sadden (sad + -en) v使悲哀；使悲痛-en：使（cause to be）reportage (report + -age) n事件报道-age：……行为（the act or of ~ing）eventful (event + -ful) adj多事故的；经历丰富的-ful：充满……的（full of）viewership (viewer + -ship) n（电视节目或频道的）观众人数；观众类型-ship：……的数量（the number of ~s）significantly (significant + -ly) adv显著地；明显地extremely (extreme + -ly) adv非常；极其overweight (over- + weight) adj超重的over-：过多（too much）earthen (earth + -en) adj陶制的-en：由……制成的（be made of）二、合成词全国I卷timetable (time + table) n时刻表wheelchair (wheel + chair) n轮椅workplace (work + place) n工作场所houseplant (house + plant) n室内盆栽植物groundwater (ground + water) n地下水lifetime (life + time) n 一生；终生daylight (day + light) n日光highway (high + way) 公路；大道onboard (on + board) adj在船（或飞机、车）上的全国II卷award-winning (award + winning) adj获奖的parkland (park + land) n（如乡村大宅院周围的）有草木的开阔地fine art (fine + art) n 美术（尤指绘画和雕塑）math-related (math + related) adj与数学相关的high-income (high + income) adj高收入的self-control (self + control) n 自制力showcase (show + case) v展示guilt-free (guilt + free) adj没有负罪感的wetland (wet + land) n湿地；沼泽outcome (out + come) n结果全国III卷footstep (foot + step) n脚步声；足迹waterway (water + way) n水路；航道in-depth (in + depth) adj彻底的；渗入详尽的underground (under + ground) adj地下的fur-coat-wearing (fur + coat + wearing) adj穿毛皮大衣的full-body (full + body) adj 全身的filmmaker (film + maker) n电影制作人realistic-looking (realistic + looking) adj逼真的off-set (off + set) adj在拍摄场外的doorway (door + way) n门口；门道mother-in-law (mother + in + law) n岳母；婆婆standpoint (stand + point) n观点；立场household (house + hold) n一家人；家庭carefree (care + free) adj 无忧无虑的；无牵挂的；无责任的highland (high + land) n高地；高原houseboat (house + boat) n船屋shellfish (shell + fish) n（尤指可以吃的）水生有壳动物underwater (under + water) adv 在水下；在水中housewarming (house + warming) n乔迁聚会firewood (fire + wood) n柴火；木柴businesswoman (business + woman) n女商人；女企业家handbag (hand + bag) n手提包shopkeeper (shop + keeper) n店主salesperson (sale + person) n售货员lifelike (life + like) adj 逼真的；生动的；栩栩如生的masterpiece (master + piece) n杰作；名著；代表作waterfall (water + fall) n瀑布浙江卷playgoer (play + goer) n经常去戏院看戏的人；爱看戏的人play-reader (play + reader) n（为出版商、演出人或剧团等阅读并评价剧本的）剧本读评人houselight (house + light) n 剧院灯光cure-all (cure + all) n 万灵药；灵丹妙药overall (over + all) adj全面的teamwork (team + work) n 协作；配合decision-making (decision + making) n决策high-level (high + level) adj高级的babysit (baby + sit) v代人临时照看小孩cardboard (card + board) n硬纸板leftover (left + over) adj剩余的lifelong (life + long) adj终身的；毕生的motorway (motor + way) n高速公路山东卷round-trip (round + trip) adj 来回旅程的willpower (will + power) n 意志力first-generation (first + generation) adj第一代的well-rounded (well + rounded) adj全面的intake(in + take) n（食物等的）摄取量undergraduate (under + graduate) n本科生daytime(day + time) n白天rainwater (rain + water) n雨水naturally-grown(naturally + grown) adj 自然生长的postcard (post + card) n 明信片三、转化词全国I卷However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does.pound v [名词动词化] 连续重击We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day.engineer v [名词动词化] 改变（动植物等的）基因结构The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms.light v [名词动词化] 照亮全国II卷It was a special time to bond with my children.bond v [名词动词化]（与某人）培养一种特殊的关系Frequent them and talk about them when you can.frequent v [形容词动词化] 常去；常到The plum trees are the first to flower even as the snow is melting.flower v [名词动词化] 开花全国III卷Discover the China of “past ages,” its walled cities, temples and mountain scenery with Prof. Robert Thorp.wall v [名词动词化] 用墙把……围住The creative team ... and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image（图像）.process v [名词动词化] 处理And there are questions about the films ... are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.film v [名词动词化]（把……）拍成电影The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.number v [名词动词化] 总计They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.harvest v [名词动词化] 捕猎（动物、鱼等）浙江卷To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage.picture v [名词动词化] 想象；设想Challenging work that requires ... might help your brain stay sharp as you age.age v [名词动词化] 变老My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself.race v [名词动词化] 快速移动They’re all memories I treasure today.treasure v [名词动词化] 珍惜；珍视I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years.farm v [名词动词化] 饲养山东卷Watering young plants in the dry season was tough for a lone boy.water v [名词动词化] 给（植物）浇水如果你还不满足于只学不练，别着急，小编为你量身打造了检测小卷，希望你能小试身手，一气呵成。
2025中职高考英语复习构词法考点精析精练
B. disappointed
C. disappointing
D. disappointment
【答】此处表示“令人失望的”,应用 disappointing。 故选C。
随后练1
6. The soldier died for saving the child, so his D is heavier than Taishan Mountain.
考点三 转化法
1. 名词和动词之间的转化
例如：
telephone 电话——打电话
mirror 镜子——像镜子一样反映
drink 饮料——喝
record 记录；记载——录制
name 名字——命名
date 日期——写上日期
Let me have a try. 让我试试。
The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water. 从厨房传来的气味
考点三 转化法
4. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词
例如： Warm clothes are a must in the mountains. 在山区穿暖和的衣服是必须的。 Life is full of ups and downs. 人生有得意时也有失意时。
考点四 缩写和简写
缩写和简写，也被称为截断法或缩短法，主要采取“截头”“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词 。
出人意料的”，是形容词，用来形容事物；surprisingly意为“令人吃惊地；出人意料地”，是副词；surpris e作动词时，意为“使诧异；使感到意外”，作名词时，意为“意想不到的事；令人惊奇的事”。句意为：“ 令人惊讶的是，他一个人完成了这项工作。”在句首作状语，应用副词，故选C。
高三英语构词法(共59张PPT)
派生法引起的语法变化
动词也可通过前缀构成
enable
enlarge
endanger
注意： 派生法的规则不代表每个单词都可以用相同的前缀或者后缀进行语义 功能及语法功能的改变
派生法在语篇中的运用
1. Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.
Some people believe that the Internet has many negative aspects. Talking to people online or having a friendship with someone you only talk to on the Internet isn’t a replacement for real-life communication. While it can connect you with other people who use a smartphone, face-to-face contact with others is important to help you maintain healthy relationships.
合成法实践
1. While e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. （14北京高考，D）
高考英语必背构词法与词性转化
活用构词法，秒杀词性转换牢记几种常考的构词法1动词变名词的后缀4.动词、名词变形容词的后缀常见的动词、名词变形容词的后缀有一able,—al,—ful,—ed,—ing,—ible,—ive, —-ible access n .进入，使用权，通路—accessible adj.容易取得的-ous caution n •谨慎—cautious adj.谨慎的5.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀常见的表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀有dis—, il—, im—, in—, ir—, mis—, un 一,一less 等。
6.变动词的前缀和后缀近年高考大类词性转换汇总01形容词一副词6年13考均为形容词变副词的一般情况1.（2019・全国II卷）final最终的—finally终于2.（2018■全国II卷、2014■全国I卷）actual真实的—actually实际上3.（2016・全国I 卷）official 正式的—officially 正式地4.（2016・全国III 卷）gradual 逐渐的—gradually 逐渐地tips关于形容词词尾1,同学们怕是有很多误会，要知道变副词时"ll"结尾加.如full—fully, dull—dully;”le”结尾e改y,高中阶段只有whole—wh011y是例外。
记住以上两点，千万别看到l就加y!5.（2019,全国I卷）huge巨大的—hugely极度;非常，深深地tips：形变副规律中”元音字母+e"去e加-ly,关于这点只要记住高中阶段的true—truly,注意“辅音字母+e”变副词，不可去掉e!6.（2019,全国I卷）poor贫穷的，贫乏的—poorly不足7.（2017,全国II卷）fair相当大的—fairly相当地8.（2017・全国III 卷）certain 确定—certainly 无疑，确定9.（2016・全国II卷、2015・全国I卷）regular有规律的—regularly有规律地10.（2015・全国II卷）slow慢的—slowly缓慢地11.（2014,全国II 卷）sudden 突然的—suddenly 突然tips ：除了上述规则外，还要记住它：1.以y结尾的形容词：”辅音字母+y"改i加-ly,如：merry—merrily;如果y的读音同“爱”，直接加-ly,如：shy—shyly。
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2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀
5) out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外” outline, outside, outward
6) over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上” overlook, overhead, overboard
7) extra-, 表示“额外” extraction （提取） 8) fore- 表示“在前面” forehead, foreground 9) in-, im-, 表示“向内，在内，背于”
-ee
employee, trustee, interviewee
-eer
engineer, profiteer
-ery
machinery, jewellery
-ess
actress, waitress, empress
9ist -ism
-ment
-ness
-ship
词 -tion
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二、转化: 由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性.
(1) 动词 名词: taste (v.) taste (n.) It tastes good. It has a good taste.
(2) 名词 动词: hand (n.) hand (v.) Let’s go hand in hand. Please hand in your exercise books after class.
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后缀
- able -al -an
形 -ern 容 -est 词 -ful
-ish -ive -y -less -some
例词
advisable, admirable, comfortable physical, national, political American, Italian, Australian southern, northern, eastern fattest, latest, luckiest helpful, useful, careful British, English, foolish, childish active, instructive, expensive cloudy, windy, dirty, sunny careless, useless troublesome, tiresome
高考基础语法复习
构词法
在英语中,词的构成法主要有三种: 合成、转化、派生
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一、合成
由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-” 连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个 词构成。
1.合成名词 名词+名词 cowboy newspaper 名词+ing handwriting sunbathing ing+名词 waiting-room sleeping-pill 形容词+名词 blackboard shorthand ……
-age
leakage, shortage
名
-al -an
renewal, withdrawal American, Korean
-cy
privacy, accuracy
-er
farmer, thinker, painkiller
-or
词 -ese
actor, sailor, collector Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese
1．re--“又\,再” repeat, review, return, reunite, remarry 2. co—“联合，伴同” cooperate, coexist, co-worker 3. super—“在…上；加之” superman, supermarket
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后缀
例词
-ability inability, available
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Practice (III): Fill in the blanks with proper words.
With the (1)_d_e__v_e_lo__p_m_e__nt(develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more (2)__a_n_d____ more serious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because (3)___o_f___ air pollution.
Air pollution is caused (4)__b_y__ the following reasons: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give (5)_o_u__t __ poisonous gases. 25%of air pollution is caused by factories. Another (6)__fa_c_t_o_r__ (fact) is the smokers. Smoking not only does (7) _h_a_r_m__ to their health(8)_b_u__t also to others. Besides these, about 10% of air (9) _p_o_l_lu_t_i_o_nis caused by other reasons.
-ure
例词
armful, handful, mouthful Egyptian, Russian, Asian, musician artist, pianist, communist, scientist socialism, realism, idealism government, movement, development business, illness, darkness friendship, ownership invention, liberation, education departure, failure, exposure
i. sit
j. free
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Practice (II):
按括号内的要求改写下列单词
rain(形容词) _r_a_in__y___ agree(反义)_d__is_a_g_r_e_e__ nation(形容词)_n_a_t_i_o_n_al farm(人)__f_a_r_m__e_r__ recent(副词)_r_e_c_e_n_t_l_y friend(形容词)_f_r_i_e_n_d_l_y hope(形容词)_h_o_p_e__f_ul back(形容词)_b__a_c_k_w_a_r_ds visit(名词)_v_i_s_it_o_r____ home(形容词) _h_o_m__e_l_e_ss eight(序数词)_e__ig_h_t_h__ true(名词)_t_r_u_t_h______ America(形容词)A__m_e_r_i_c_an China(形容词)_C_h__in_e_s_e_
inland, invade, inside, import
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10) under-, 表示“在…..下面，下的” underline, underground, underwater
11) up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上” upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)
3.表示其他意义的前缀:
词 -down
face-down, palm-down(手掌向下地)
-ward(s) towards, forward, outward
后缀
数 -teen 词 -ty
-th
例词
fourteen, fifteen, eighteen forty, fifty, eighty fourth, fifth, eighth
(3) 形容词 动词: clean (adj.) clean (v.) Her room is clean and tidy. She cleans her room everyday.
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三、派生： 由一个词根加上前缀 或后缀构成另外一个词。
1.表示否定意义的前缀
dis- dishonest, dislike in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, illegal,
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一、合成
2. 合成动词: 副词+动词 overthrow uphold 形容词+动词 blacklist whitewash 名词+动词 sleepwalk sunburn
3. 合成形容词: 名词+形容词 snow-white lifelong 名词+过去分词 man-made hand made 数词+名词 one-way second-hand …….
impossible, immoral, irregular mis- misunderstand mislead non- nonsense un- unable, unemployment anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeigner,(排外的)
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2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀
1) a- 表示“在……之上”，“向……” aboard, aside,
2) by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路)
3) inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间，相互” international, interaction, internet
4) mid-, 表示“中，中间” midnight, mid-autumn
We should take some measures to fight(10)__a_g_a_i_n_s_t pollution. New fuel can be used to replace gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the importance of environment and does something to stop the problem will be solved.