高考英语 构词法

impossible, immoral, irregular mis- misunderstand mislead non- nonsense un- unable, unemployment anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeigner,(排外的)
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2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀
Air pollution is caused (4)__b_y__ the following reasons: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give (5)_o_u__t __ poisonous gases. 25%of air pollution is caused by factories. Another (6)__fa_c_t_o_r__ (fact) is the smokers. Smoking not only does (7) _h_a_r_m__ to their health(8)_b_u__t also to others. Besides these, about 10% of air (9) _p_o_l_lu_t_i_o_nis caused by other reasons.
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Practice (I):
从右栏中找出适当的词与左栏搭配构成合成词.
book lookers new far first trouble ten baby over empty
a. reacwenku.baidu.coming
b. case
c. minute
d. class
e. born
f. on
g. handed
h. eat
1．re--“又\,再” repeat, review, return, reunite, remarry 2. co—“联合，伴同” cooperate, coexist, co-worker 3. super—“在…上；加之” superman, supermarket
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后缀
例词
-ability inability, available
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词 -down
face-down, palm-down(手掌向下地)
-ward(s) towards, forward, outward
后缀
数 -teen 词 -ty
-th
例词
fourteen, fifteen, eighteen forty, fifty, eighty fourth, fifth, eighth
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2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀
5) out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外” outline, outside, outward
6) over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上” overlook, overhead, overboard
7) extra-, 表示“额外” extraction （提取） 8) fore- 表示“在前面” forehead, foreground 9) in-, im-, 表示“向内，在内，背于”
-ure
例词
armful, handful, mouthful Egyptian, Russian, Asian, musician artist, pianist, communist, scientist socialism, realism, idealism government, movement, development business, illness, darkness friendship, ownership invention, liberation, education departure, failure, exposure
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Practice (III): Fill in the blanks with proper words.
With the (1)_d_e__v_e_lo__p_m_e__nt(develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more (2)__a_n_d____ more serious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because (3)___o_f___ air pollution.
高考基础语法复习
构词法
在英语中,词的构成法主要有三种: 合成、转化、派生
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一、合成
由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-” 连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个 词构成。
1.合成名词 名词+名词 cowboy newspaper 名词+ing handwriting sunbathing ing+名词 waiting-room sleeping-pill 形容词+名词 blackboard shorthand ……
-age
leakage, shortage
名
-al -an
renewal, withdrawal American, Korean
-cy
privacy, accuracy
-er
farmer, thinker, painkiller
-or
词 -ese
actor, sailor, collector Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese
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一、合成
2. 合成动词: 副词+动词 overthrow uphold 形容词+动词 blacklist whitewash 名词+动词 sleepwalk sunburn
3. 合成形容词: 名词+形容词 snow-white lifelong 名词+过去分词 man-made hand made 数词+名词 one-way second-hand …….
inland, invade, inside, import
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10) under-, 表示“在…..下面，下的” underline, underground, underwater
11) up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上” upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)
3.表示其他意义的前缀:
1) a- 表示“在……之上”，“向……” aboard, aside,
2) by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路)
3) inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间，相互” international, interaction, internet
4) mid-, 表示“中，中间” midnight, mid-autumn
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后缀
- able -al -an
形 -ern 容 -est 词 -ful
-ish -ive -y -less -some
例词
advisable, admirable, comfortable physical, national, political American, Italian, Australian southern, northern, eastern fattest, latest, luckiest helpful, useful, careful British, English, foolish, childish active, instructive, expensive cloudy, windy, dirty, sunny careless, useless troublesome, tiresome
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二、转化: 由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性.
(1) 动词 名词: taste (v.) taste (n.) It tastes good. It has a good taste.
(2) 名词 动词: hand (n.) hand (v.) Let’s go hand in hand. Please hand in your exercise books after class.
We should take some measures to fight(10)__a_g_a_i_n_s_t pollution. New fuel can be used to replace gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the importance of environment and does something to stop the problem will be solved.
-ee
employee, trustee, interviewee
-eer
engineer, profiteer
-ery
machinery, jewellery
-ess
actress, waitress, empress
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后缀
-ful
-ian
名
-ist -ism
-ment
-ness
-ship
词 -tion
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后缀
-(e)n
动 -fy
词
-ize -ate
例词
widen, strengthen, lengthen simplify, beautify apologize, organize, realize activate, motivate
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后缀
例词
副 -ly
really, badly, perfectly, truly
(3) 形容词 动词: clean (adj.) clean (v.) Her room is clean and tidy. She cleans her room everyday.
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三、派生： 由一个词根加上前缀 或后缀构成另外一个词。
1.表示否定意义的前缀
dis- dishonest, dislike in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, illegal,
i. sit
j. free
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Practice (II):
按括号内的要求改写下列单词
rain(形容词) _r_a_in__y___ agree(反义)_d__is_a_g_r_e_e__ nation(形容词)_n_a_t_i_o_n_al farm(人)__f_a_r_m__e_r__ recent(副词)_r_e_c_e_n_t_l_y friend(形容词)_f_r_i_e_n_d_l_y hope(形容词)_h_o_p_e__f_ul back(形容词)_b__a_c_k_w_a_r_ds visit(名词)_v_i_s_it_o_r____ home(形容词) _h_o_m__e_l_e_ss eight(序数词)_e__ig_h_t_h__ true(名词)_t_r_u_t_h______ America(形容词)A__m_e_r_i_c_an China(形容词)_C_h__in_e_s_e_