代词简单归纳

代词

代词是指代替名词或名词短语的形式词，大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。

1.人称代词和物主代词

也就是说，名词性物主代词使用时后不加名词

形容性物主代词使用时要加名词

This is not my pen.(形容性物主代词)

This pen is not mine.(名词性物主代词)

2.反身代词

反身代词是oneself根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 等形式。一般放于宾语的位置。

We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.我们昨晚玩得很开心。

Please help yourself to some fish.请你随便吃点鱼。

it 做代词

一、代词代指作用

It代替的是前面提到的同一名称的同一事物，即同名同物。所代替的名词可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词。

A cat is running. It is mine.

二、it 做形式主语

1.It is ... that从句如clear ， necessary，reported，a pity ...

该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句

It’s clear that smoking is bad for our health.

It seemed as if he was dying.

三、It做形式宾语

it用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

Sb. find/ feel …+it +adj. / n. to do sth /

I find it hard to give up smoking.

We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.

常用普通不定代词

1.some any

2.many much

3.few little

4.either…or neither …nor

5.both all

6.this that

1.some any均表示一些，即可修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。

--I have some tea here. 我这儿有些茶叶。

--Do you have any friends at school? 你在学校有些朋友吗?

2.many much

many修饰可数名词复数，还可以与表示程度的副词so too how 连用。

much修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度的副词so too how连用。

How many people are there at the meeting? 多少人出席了会议。

How much time has we left? 还剩多少时间？

3.

few a few little a little

He has few friends.他几乎没有朋友。

We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。

There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。

4.

Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。

Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩其中任意一个都很聪明

5.both all

both表示两者都，常与and连用。对应的词为either

all指三者或三者以上的都。对应的词为none

All the flowers are gone.所有的花都谢了。

Both the boys are clever.两个男孩都很聪明。

6.this，that，these，those

this常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事，these是this的复数形式。that常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事，those时that 的复数形式。

I want this car, not that car. 我想要这辆小汽车，不是那一辆。

Take these books to his room, please. 请把这些书拿到他房间去。