赖世雄语法笔记

2012-2-1

1、cling on to:紧紧抱住，死抱不放；cling to:坚持，依恋，依靠

2、convince 的用法

convince sb. to do something/convince sb. of something (参见赖世雄语法5-授予动词)/convince sb. that/convince oneself of

be convinced (of)/be convinced that

3、tip (C): 小费 a tip/a large tip/a big tip/a generous tip/ a $5 tip

忠告 =a piece of advice, a few of tips/handy tips/gardening tips

4、compare, contrast/compare and contrast(比较与对照写法)

compare 指把人与人或物与物之间的相同点或异同点进行“比较”、“对照”或“相比”，常与介词with 连用，也可指将人与人或物与物之间的相似处进行“比拟”；还可指将某人或某事“比作”另一人或另一事物。指后面两种情况时，它常被用作不及物动词，与介词to 连用.

contrast 指为了明确其相异之处，将一物与另一物加以“比较”或“对照”，用法和compare 一样，常接介词with 。虽然很多人将compare 看作是contrast 的同义词，但compare 常用来比较同类事物；而contrast 则常被用来比较非同类事物。

2012-2-2

1、英语倍数表示法

（1）X times+as …as …：是... …的X 倍/more than + X times +as …as …：是... …的X 倍不止；

（2）（more than+）X times +the （或所有格）+名词+（of ）：是... …的X 倍(不止)；

（3）X times +比较级+than ：是... …的X 倍。

2、英语倍数增减表示法

（1）increase (speed up, step up, raise, rise, go up, grow) / increase (speed up, step up,

raise, rise, go up, grow) +by+X times ：是... …的X 倍/增加了X-1倍；

（2）increase (exceed, speed up, step up, raise, rise, go up, grow)+by a factor of +X:

是... …的X 倍/增加了X-1倍；

（3）decrease (drop, fall, weaken, shorten, reduce, step down, speed down, go down)

+(by): 是... …的X 1

/减少了X

X 1-； （4）decrease (drop, fall, weaken, shorten, reduce, step down, speed down, go down) by a factor of +X: 是... …的X 1

/减少了X X 1-。

2012-2-3 赖世雄经典英语语法

1、(p3)不定式与动名词作主语时，往往会因为形式主语太长，用it 作形式主语。

但动名词移至句尾时，通常改为不定式短语。

例：To study abroad is my greatest desire.

=It is my greatest desire to study abroad.

Listening music makes me happy .

=It makes me happy to listen to music.

例外：It is no use +动名词短语

=It is useless +不定式短语

=It is of no use+动名词短语

=There is no use/sence/point+in+动名词短语

2、(p9)名词性从句作介词的宾语

a. 慧（whether），怡（疑问词）可以，但代（that）不可以。

I am worried about whether he can do it.√

I am curious about how he will cope with this problem.√

I am sure of that the team has won the game.×

b. 遇有介词，但非要使用that从句时，其补救方法如下

(1) 介词+the fact+that从句

I am sure of the fact that the team has won the game.

I am worried about the fact that he does not study.

(2) be+adj+that从句

I am sure that the team has won the game.

I am worried that he does not study.

3、(p199)所有格与动名词的关系

a. that从句作主语时，可改为动名词

That he teaches well is something that pleases me.

His teaching well is something that pleaes me.

b. 在介词及某些动词后不可以用that从句，此时可改为：所有格+动名词

(1) 遇介词的情况

I am worried about that he does not study.×

I am worried about his not studing.√

In spite of that the sun shone, the air was very cold.×

In spite of the sun’s shining, the air was very cold.√

I insist on that he should go there.×

I insist on his going there.√

备注：that 从句主语是物而非人时，一般不用所有格，直接将主语作宾语即可。

In spite of the sun’s shining, the air was very cold.

In spite of the sun shining, the air was very cold.√

口语中，that从句的主语即使是人，宜采用本结构。

I insist on his going there. (正式)

I insist on him going there. (非正式)

(2) 遇某些及物动词的情况

that引导的名词性从句可作表认知的及物动词( think, feel, find, believe…) 以及表意愿的及物动词(hope, wish, expect, desire…)的宾语。

I believe that he works hard.

I hope that he may joint us.

但表喜欢、厌恶之类的及物动词，如like, dislike, enjoy, mind等就不可接that引导的从句作宾语，应改为所有格+动名词。

I don’t like that he smokes here.×

I don’t like his smoking here.√

I don’t enjoy that John joins us.×

I don’t enjoy John’s joining us.√

备注：mind 可接if引导的从句

Would you mind that I open the window?×