英语专业八级人文知识作家及其代表作

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专八人文知识(英国文学)

The old and medieval English literature(8th-14th century )The renaissance period(14th –mid17th c)The neoclassical period(mid17th -18th c)The romantic period(mid18th -mid19th c)The Victorian period(1836-1901)Modern period(20th - )注：【后面的Matp指主要作品】一．The old and medieval English literature(8th-14th century)1.The Venerable Bede(A.D673-735) “father of English history”《the essiesiastical history of the English people》《the anglo-sarxon chronic》epic——Beowulf2.mid11th-mid14th 亚瑟王和圆桌骑士《Sir Gawain and the Green Knight，高文爵士和绿衣骑士》3.Geoffy Chaucer（杰弗利·乔叟，1343-1400）“the father of English poetry” ；“the first one who used London dialect ” in《The Canterbury Tales，坎特伯雷故事集》（1387-1400,a prologue\24 tales,描写14th 英国现状）二．The renaissance period (14th –mid17th c)1.Sonnet:contains 14 lines of iambic pentameter rhymed in various patterns 14行5音步抑扬格诗行（ababcdcdefefgg）e.g: So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.2.Thomas More(托马斯·莫尔1478-1535) Matp:《Utopia,乌托邦》（in Latin）3.Francis Bacon(培根1561-1626) “杰出essayist in English history”《the essays》4.Edmund Spenser(埃德蒙·斯宾赛,1552-1599) “the poet’s poet”；Matp:《The Faerie Queen,仙后》（1579）；create “Spencerian Stanza ,斯宾塞诗体”。

专八人文知识

人文知识文学篇：1． Edmund Spencer 是英国文艺复兴时期最杰出的诗人，被誉为“诗人中的诗人”"Poet’s Poet"，首创“斯宾塞诗体Spencerian Stanza” (a verse form consisting of eight iambic pentameter lines)。

杰出作品《仙后》（The Faerie Queene），被誉为文艺复兴时期“最杰出的史诗”。

2．乔纳森·斯威夫特Jonathan Swift: 18世纪英国爱尔兰讽刺小说和散文大家，用散文和小说两柄利器抨击英王朝的腐败、昏暗与罪恶。

作品：游记体讽刺小说Gulliver’s Travels、A Modest Proposal（谴责英国对爱尔兰人民的剥削和压迫）。

3． Francis Scott Fitzgerald，二十世纪美国小说家。

请注意他并不是“迷惘的一代”的代表作家，但与之相似，作品表现了一战后年轻一代“美国梦”的破灭。

代表作品有：The Great Gatsby（他最有声誉的小说），This Side of Paradise，T ender Is the Night ，T ales of the Jazz Age4． Alliteration: 在头韵体诗歌里，一行里的几个单词以相同的辅音开头。

例如：might and main, saints and sinners 等。

英语解释：Alliteration is a rhetorical device. In alliterative verse, certain accented words in a line begin with the same consonant sound.5．朗费罗Henry Wadsworth Longfellow，19世纪美国最伟大的浪漫主义诗人之一。

他去世后英国的威斯敏斯特教堂的“诗人之角”Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey安放了他的半身像，是美国唯一获此殊荣的诗人。

专八人文知识文学背诵系列

英国文学~《贝奥武甫》（The story of Beowulf）代表着古英语的最高成就，是英国文学中现存的最古老的头韵史诗（alliterative epic),是一首异教诗（pagan poem),展现了部落社会（tribal society）的景象威廉.朗格拉（William Langland）主要描写下层人民生活，《耕者皮尔斯》（Piers the Plowman）--与《坎特伯雷故事集》并称为早期英国文学的两大巨作杰弗里.乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer）被誉为；“英国诗歌之父”（the father of English Poetry）“英国小说之父”（th father of English Fiction）《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）--未完成，只有24个故事托马斯.怀亚特（Thomas Wyatt)他是第一个将十四行诗（sonnet）引进英国文学的人.埃德蒙.斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser）被誉为“诗人中的诗人”（The poets’poet），并有“桂冠诗人”（Poet Laureate）的称号《牧羊人日记》（The Shepherd's Calendar)《新婚喜歌》（Epithalamion）《仙后》（The Faerie Queene）--开创了“斯宾塞诗体”（Spenserian Stanza）托马斯.莫尔（Thomas More）《乌托邦》（Utopia）--为其代表作弗朗西斯.培根（Francis Bacon)《论说文集》(Essays)--是英国文学史上第一部散文题材作品。

是英国散文发展的里程碑。

里斯托夫.马洛（Chriistopher Marlowe）马洛是莎士比亚之前最伟大的剧作家，是“大学才子派”(University wits),他首创戏剧的创作手法“无韵诗”（blank verse）,他的作品为莎士比亚的戏剧铺平了道路。

专八人文知识总结(终)

10、Virginia Woolf 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫，feminism小说创作的代表： Mrs. Dalloway,《达罗卫夫人》、To the Lighthouse《到灯塔去》、The Waves《海浪》；
11、E.M．Forster: 《通往印度之路》
12、George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳：Widowers' Houses《鳏夫的房产》，Heartbreak House《伤心之家》，Mrs. Warren's Profession《华伦夫人的职业》
4、Ballads 民谣：Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale《罗宾汉和阿林代尔》。
三、 The Renaissance文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪）
1、 Thomas More托马斯·莫尔： Utopia《乌托邦》
2、 Thomas Wyatt 最先将sonnet引入英国文学。
2、 Coleridge柯勒律治：The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子咏》Christabel《克里斯特贝尔》, Kubla Khan《忽必烈汗》
3、 Southey骚赛：桂冠诗人；
4、 George Gordon Byron乔治·戈登·拜伦： Don Juan《唐璜》
悲观时期： David Copperfield《董贝父子》，David Copperfield《大卫科波菲尔》
后期：Bleak House《荒凉山庄》，Hard Times《艰难时世》A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》，Great Expectations《远大前程》
14、Thackeray萨克雷：Vanity Fair《名利场》
2、Yeats叶芝：爱尔兰使人《芦苇的风》《库尔的野天鹅》《驶向拜占庭》。

【英语专八】人文-英美文学作者及作品

专八英国美国文学作者及作品英国文学1、Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利•乔叟1340-1400 长诗：The House of Fame声誉之堂;Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德小说：Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集----英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作（他是最早有人文主义思想的作家，现实主义文学的奠基人）2、William Shakespeare莎士比亚1564-1616 The Tempest暴风风雨;The Two Gentlemen of Veronaz维罗纳二绅士;The Mercy Wives of Windsor温莎的风流妇人;Measure for Measure恶有恶报;The Comedy of Errors错中错;Much Ado about Nothing无事自扰;Love’s Labour’s Lost空爱一场;A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记;All’s Well That Ends Well皆大欢喜;Twelfth Night第十二夜;The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事;The Life and Death of King John/Richard the Second/Henry the Fifth/Richard the Third约翰王/理查二世/亨利五世/理查三世;The First/Second Part of King Henry the Fourth亨利四世（上、下）;The First/Second/Third Part of King Henry the Sixth亨利六世（上、中、下）;The Life of King Henry the Eighth亨利八世；Troilus and Cressida脱爱勒斯与克莱西达;The Tragedy of Coriolanus考利欧雷诺斯;Titus Andronicus泰特斯•安庄尼克斯;Romeo and Julet罗密欧与朱丽叶；Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;朱利阿斯•凯撒；The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白;The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;King Lear李尔王;Othello奥塞罗;Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克利欧佩特拉;Cymbeline辛白林;Pericles波里克利斯;Venus and Adonis维诺斯•阿都尼斯;Lucrece露克利斯;The Sonnets十四行诗3、Francis Bacon培根1561-1626 Advancement of Learning学术的进展;Novum Organum新工具;New Atlantic 新大西岛;Essays论文集（Of Studies论学习;Of Wisdom for a Man’s Self）4、John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608-1674 L‘Allegro欢乐的人;Il Penseroso沉思的人;Comus科马斯;Lycidas列西达斯;Areopagitica论出版自由;Pro Populo Anglicano Defense为英国人民声辩; Pro Populo Anglicano Defense Secunda再为英国人民声辩;Paradise Lost失乐园;Paradise Regained复乐园;Samson Agonistes力士参孙5、John Bunyan班扬1628-1688 The Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程;The Life and Death of Mr Badman培德曼先生的一生6、Joseph Addison艾迪生诗：The Campaign 远征；剧本：Cato加图名文；Adventure of A shilling一先令的历险7、Richard Steele理查德•斯梯尔1672-1729 The Christian Hero基督教徒的英雄名文：The Spectator Club旁观者俱乐部8、Danniel Defoe丹尼尔•迪福1660-1731 （标志着近代英国小说的形成）Hymn to the Pillory枷刑颂;Robinson Crusoe鲁宾孙飘流记;Captain Singleton辛格顿船长;Moll Flanders莫尔弗兰德斯;A Journal of the Plague Year大疫年日记9、Jonathan Swift斯威夫特1667-1745 The Battle of Books书的战争;A Tale of A Tub一个木桶的故事;The Drapier’s Letters布商的书信;A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议;Guilliver’s Travels格列佛游记(A V oyage to Lilliput/ Brobdingnag/ Laputa/ The Country of the Houyhnhnms小人国/大人国/拉普他等地/智马国游记)10、Alexander Pope蒲柏1688-1744 Pastorals田园诗集;An Essay on Criticism批评论;Windsor Forest温莎林;The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记;The Duncial愚人志;Moral Essays道德论;An Essay on Man人论;Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot 与阿布斯诺博士书11、Henry Fielding亨利•菲尔丁1707-1754（英国现实主义小说的奠基者）剧本：The Coffeehouse Politician 咖啡屋政客;Don Quixote in England堂•吉诃德在英国;The Historical Register for the Year历史记事长篇小说：The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews,and of His Friend Mr Abraham Adams约瑟•安德鲁传;The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild the Great大伟人江奈生•魏尔德传;The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling汤姆•琼斯;Amelia阿美利亚12、Samuel Johnson塞缪尔•约翰生1709-1784 A Dictionary of the Engligh Language英语语言辞典;Lives of Poets诗人传;Vanity of Human Wishes人类欲望的虚幻;Rasselas拉塞勒斯名文：Letter to Lord Chesterfield给吉士菲尔伯爵的信13、Oliver Goldsmith哥尔斯密1728-1774 The Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德牧师传;The Citizen of the World 世界公民;The Deserted荒村;She Stoops to Conquer屈身求爱;The Rivals情敌；The School for Scsanda造谣学校14、William Blake布莱克1757-1827 Poetical Sketches素描诗集;Songs of Innocence天真之歌;Songs of Experience经验之歌The French Revolution法国革命;The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻;America;Milton;Jerusalem名诗：London;The Tiger15、Robert Burns彭斯1759-1796 Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集名诗：The Tree of Liberty自由村;Scots Wha-Hae苏格兰人;The Two Dogs两只狗;Holy Willie’s Prayer威利长老的祈祷;My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心呀在高原;A Red,Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰;John Anderson约翰•安德生,My Jo;A Man’s A Man for A’That不管身在何处都须保持尊严;Robert Bruce’s March to Bannockburn16、William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770-1850 An Evening Walk黄昏漫步;Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集（与柯勒律治合编）;Lucy Poems露西组诗(She Dwett Among the Untrodden Ways;To the Cuckoo杜鹃颂;I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud;The Solitary Reaper孤寂的刈麦人);Ode on Intimations of Immorality不朽颂;Ode to Duty义务颂;The Excursion远足;The Prelude序曲17、Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治1772-1834 Lyrical Ballads;The Fall of the Bastille巴士底狱的毁灭;The Rime of the Ancient Mariner老船夫;Kubla Khan忽必烈汗;Biographia Literaria文学传记18、Walter Scott瓦尔特•司各特1771-1832 诗：The Minstrlsy of the Scottish Border苏格兰边区歌谣集;Marimion 玛里恩;The Lady of the Lake湖上夫人小说：Waverley威弗利;Guy Mannering盖•曼纳令;Rob Roy罗布罗伊;The Heart of Midlothian米德洛西恩监狱;Ivanhoe艾凡赫;Kenilworth坎尼尔华斯;Woodstock皇家猎馆;Queentin Durward昆廷•达沃19、Jane Austin简•奥斯丁1775-1817 Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见;Sense and Sensibility理智与情感;Emma 爱玛;Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德公园;Persuasion好事多磨;Northanger Abbey诺桑觉寺20、Charles Lamb查尔斯•兰姆1775-1834 Tales from Shakespeare莎士比亚故事集;Alburn V erses诗集;Essay of Elia伊利亚散文集(Dream Children梦中儿女;A Dissertation unpon Roast Pig烤猪论;Old China古瓷;New Year’s Eve 除夕;The Praise of Chimney Sweepers扫烟囱童工赞;The Superannuated Man领取养老金的人;A Bachelor’s Complaint of the Behavior of Married People单身汉对结过婚的人的行为的抱怨)21、William Hazlitt威廉•赫兹里特1778-1830 Characters of Shakespeare’s Plays莎剧中的人物;A View of the English Stage英国舞台一瞥;Lecture on the English Poets论英国诗人;The Spirit of the Age时代精神;Sketches and Essays素描与随笔;Table Talk桌边文谈名文：On Familiar Style22、George Gordon Byron乔治•拜伦1788-1824 Hours of Idliness懒散的时刻;English Bords and Scottish Reviewers英国诗人与苏格兰评论家;Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage,Cantos I and II,Canto III 1818恰罗德•哈罗德游记;Ode to the Framers of the Frame-bill编织机法案编制者颂;Oriental Tales东方叙事诗(The Bride of Abydos阿比道斯的新娘;The Corsa海盗;The Siege of Corinth柯林斯之围);Manfred曼弗雷德;The Age of Bronze青铜世纪;Don Juan 唐•璜名诗：She Walks in Beauty;The Isles of Greece23、Percy Bysshe Shelley波西•比希•雪莱1792-1822 Queen Mab麦布女王;Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯;Adonais阿东尼斯;The Cenci钦契;Song to the Men of England致英国人民;England in 1819;The Masque of Anarchy专制魔王的化装游行;Ode to the West Wind/a Skylark西风/云雀颂;A Defence of Poetry诗辩24、John Keats约翰•济兹1795-1821 Endymion恩底弥翁;Isabella伊莎贝拉;The Eve of Sanit Agnes圣爱尼节前夜;Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂;Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂;To Autumn秋颂;Hyperion赫披里昂（未完成）25、Thomas Hood胡德1799-1845 The Song of the Shirt衬衫之歌;The Bridge of Sighs悲叹之桥;Miss Kilmansegg and Her Precious Leg基尔曼塞格小姐和她贵重的腿26、Ernest Jones琼斯1819-1869 小说：The Women’s Wrongs妇女们的委屈名诗：The Song of the Lower Class;The Song of the Future27、Afred Tennyson丁尼生1809-1892 Poems of Two Brothers壎篪;Timbuctoo提姆巴克图;The Pricess公主;In Memoriam H H悼念哈拉姆;Maud毛黛;Enoch Arden伊诺克•阿登;Idylls of the King国王之歌名诗：Ulysses;The Eagle;Break,Break,Break28、Robert Browning 勃朗宁1812-1889 Paracelsus巴拉塞尔士;Strafford斯特拉福;Pippa Passes比芭走过;Dramatic Lyrics戏剧抒情诗;Dramatic Romances and Lyrics戏剧传奇与抒情诗(Home Thoughts;From Abroad;Prospice向前看);Dramatic Personae登场人物;Men and Women男男女女29、Elizabeth Barrel Browning 1806-1861 Sonnets from the Portuguese葡萄牙十四行诗;The Cry of the Children30、Charles Dickens狄更斯1812-1870 The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传;Oliver Twist 奥利弗•退斯特;American Notes美国札记;Martin Chuzzlewit马丁•朱述尔维特;The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店;Dombey and Son董贝父子;David Copperfield大卫•科波菲尔;Hard Times艰难时世;A Tale of Two Cities双城记;Great Expectation远大前程31、William MakepeaceThackery萨克雷1811-1863 The Book of Snobs势利者集;Vanity Fair名利场;History of Pendennis潘丹尼斯的历史;The History of Henry Esmond亨利•艾斯芒的历史;The Newcomes纽可谟一家;The Virginians弗吉尼亚人32、Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell盖斯凯尔1810-1865 Mary Barton玛丽•巴顿;Ruth露斯;Cranford克兰弗德;North and South北与南;Life of Charlote Bronte夏洛蒂勃郎特传33、Charlote/Emily/Anne Bronte夏洛蒂/爱米丽/安妮•勃郎特1816-1855 Jane Eyre简爱;Shirley雪丽/Wuthering Height呼啸山庄/Agones Grey艾格尼斯•格雷34、George Eliot爱略特1819-1880 Adam Bede亚当•贝德;The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊；Silas Marner 织工马南;Middlemarch米德尔马契;Felix Holt,the Radical35、Thomas Carlyle卡莱尔1795-1881 Sartor Resartus衣裳哲学/旧衣新裁;The Life of Schiller席勒传;The French Revolution;Heroes and Hero-worship论英雄与英雄崇拜36、George Meredith梅瑞狄斯1828-1909 诗：Modern Love;Poems and Lyrics of the Joy of Earth大地欢歌小说：The Ordeal of Richard Feverel理查德•法弗尔的考验；The Egoist利己主义者;Diana of the Crossways彷徨中的戴安娜;The Idea of Comedy and the Uses of the Comic Spirit喜剧的概念与喜剧精神的作用37、William Morris莫里斯1834-1896 诗：The Earthly Paradise地上乐园;Chants of Socialism社会主义歌集;Pilgrims of Hope希望的探求者小说：A Dream of John Ball梦见给翰•保尔;News from Nowher乌有乡消息38、Samuel Butler勃特勒1835-1902 The Way of All Flesh如此人生;Erewhon埃瑞璜;Erewhon Revisited重游埃瑞璜39、Thomas Hardy哈代1840-1928 Under the Greenwood Tree绿茵下;Far from the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣;The Return of the Native还乡;The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长;Tess of the D’urbervilles德伯家的苔丝;Jude the Obscure无名的裘德诗集：Wessex Poems 威塞克斯诗集史诗剧：The Dynasts统治者三部曲40、Robert Couis Stevenson史蒂文生1850-1894 小说：New Arabian Nights新天方夜谭;Treasure Island宝岛;The Strange Case of Dr Jeykell and Mr Hyde化身博士;Kidnapped诱拐游记：An Inland V oyage内陆游记;Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes骑驴旅行;A Child’s Garden of Verses 儿童诗园41、Isabella Augusta Gregory/Perse格葛瑞/珀斯1852-1932 The Travelling Man旅行者;Spreading the News道听途说;Hyachinth Halvey海钦斯•哈尔威;The Gaol Gate监牢之门;The Rising of the Moon月亮上升的时候42、Oscar Wilde王尔德1856-1900 长篇小说：The Picture of Dorian Gray道林•格雷的画像童话：The Happy Prince and Other Tales快乐王子诗集：De Prafundis惨痛的呼声;The Ballad of Reading Gaol累丁狱之歌剧作：Lady Windermere’s Fan温德米尔夫人的扇子;A Woman of No Importance一个无足轻重的妇女;An Ideal Husband理想丈夫;The Importance of Being Earnest埃耐斯特的重要性43、George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳1856-1950 长篇小说：An Unsocial Socialist业余社会主义者评论：Quintessence of Ibsenism剧本：Widoer’s Houses鳏夫的房产;Mrs Warren’s Profession华伦夫人的职业The Devil’s Disciple魔鬼的门徒;Man and Superman人与超人;John Bull’s Other Island英国佬的另一个岛;Major Barbara巴巴拉少校;Pygmalion 劈克美梁;Heartbreak House伤心之家;The Apple Cart苹果车;Too True to be Good真相毕露44、George Gissing吉辛1857-1903 小说：Demos民众;New Crub Srreet新穷士街;Born in Eile在流放中诞生;The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft拉伊克罗夫特的日记（散文）;Charles Dickens:A Critical Study狄更斯研究45、Joseph Conrad康拉德1859-1924 长篇小说：Almayer’s Folly奥尔迈耶的愚蠢;The Nigger of the Narcissus 水仙号上的黑鬼;Lord Jim吉姆老爷;Nostromo诺斯特罗莫;The Secret Agent间谍;Chance机缘;Victory胜利短篇小说：An Outpost of Progress文明的前哨;Heart of Darkness黑暗的中心;Youth青春46、Joseph Rudyard Kipling罗德雅德•吉卜林1865-1936 诗集：Barrak Room Ballad营房诗集;The Seven Seas 七海;Recession and Other Poems赞美诗及其他;The Five Nations五国长篇小说：Kim基姆;Captain Courageous勇敢的船长短篇小说：Plain Tales from the Hills;Soldiers There;The Story of the Gadsby;Life Handcap生命的阻力;The Jungle Book;The Second Jungle Book林莽之书;The Lost Legion47、William Butler Yeats叶芝1865-1939 诗：Respondibilities责任;The Tower塔;The Winding Stair盘旋的楼梯名诗：A Deap Sworn Vow;Easter 1916剧本：The Land of Heart’s Desire理想的国土;The Hour Glass时漏;Dedidre黛德尔Autobiographies自传三部曲;Essays and Introduction48、Herbert George Wells威尔斯1866-1946 科幻小说：The Time Machine时间机器;The Island of Dr Morau莫洛博士岛;The Invisible Man隐身人;When the Sleeper Waked;The Shape of Things to Come未来事物的面貌An Outline of World Histrory 世界史纲社会生活小说：Tono Bungay托诺•班格;Ann Veronica安•维罗尼卡;Kipps基普斯49、Enoch Arnord Bennett阿诺德•本涅特1867-1931 A Man from the North北方人;Anna of the Five Towns五镇上的安娜;The Old Wives’Tale老妇谭;Clayhanger克莱亨厄剧本：Milestones;How to Live Twentyfour Hours a Day50、John Galworthy高尔斯华绥1867-1933 From the Four Winds天涯海角(The Man of Property有产业的人;In Chancery骑虎难下;To Let出租→The Forsyte Saga福尔塞世家);(The White Monkey白猿;The Silver Spoon银匙;Swan Song天鹅曲→A Modern Comedy现代喜剧)剧作：The Silver Box银匣;Strife斗争51、Saki萨奇（Hector Hugh Munro孟柔）1870-1916 短篇小说集：Reginald雷金纳德;Reginald in Russia;The Chronicles of Clovis克洛维斯记事;Beats and Super-beats;The Toys of Peace;The Square Egg方蛋名文：Dusk52、Edward Morgan Forster福斯特1879-1970 长篇小说：Where Angels Fear to Tread天使们忘而却步的地方;The Longest Journey最漫长的旅程;A Room with a View可以远眺的地方;A Passage to India印度之行短篇小说集：The Eternal Moment永恒的时刻散文集：Abinger Harvest在阿宾格村的收获;Two Cheers for Democracy53、John Millington Synge沁孤1871-1909 The Playboy of the Western World西方世界的花花公子;Riders to the Sea骑马下海的人们;Deridre of Sorrows悲伤的黛达尔;In the Shade of the Glen在幽谷的阴影下;The Tinker’s Wedding补锅匠的婚礼54、Bertrand Russell罗素1872-1970 Road to Freedom到自由之路;Marriage and Morals婚姻与自由;Mysticism and Logic神秘主义与逻辑;Sceptical Essays怀疑论集;The Analysis of Mind心理分析;History of Western Philosophy 西方哲学史;Priccipia Mathematica数学原理;A Free Man’s Worship短篇小说：Satan in the Suburbs撒旦在郊区;Portraits from Memory回忆中的画像55、William Somerset Maugham毛姆1874-1965 小说：Liza of Lambeth兰贝思的莉莎;Of Human Bondage人类枷锁;Cakes and Ale寻欢作乐;The Moon and Six Pence月亮与六便士短篇小说：Complete Short Stories短篇小说集剧本：Smith ;The Circle;Our Betters位居我们之上的人们56、John Masefield梅斯菲尔德1878-1967 诗：Salt-Water Ballads海上歌谣;The Everlasting Mercy永久的仁慈;The Widow in the Bye Street小街的寡妇;The Daffodil Fields水仙田;Reynard the Fox狐狸雷纳德小说：Captain Margaret;Multitude and Solitude群与独;Sard Harker萨德•哈克尔剧本：The Locked Chest57、Giles Lytton Strachey斯特雷奇1880-1932 传记：Emiment Victorians维多利亚时代的杰出人物;Queen Victoria评论集：Land-marks in French Literature;Books and Characters58、Sean O’casey肖恩•奥凯西1880-1964 剧本：The Shadow of a Gunman枪手的影子;Juno and the Peacock 裘诺与孔雀;The Plough and the Stars犁与星;The Star Turns Red;Red Roses for Me给我红玫瑰自传体小说：I Knock at the Door我敲门;Pictures in the Hallway门厅里的图画;Drums under Windows窗下鼓声;Inishfallen,Fare Thee Well英尼希法伦，再见;Rose and Crown;Sunset and Evening Star日落与金星59、James Joyce乔伊斯1882-1941 短篇小说：Dubiners都柏林人长篇小说：A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man青年艺术家的画像;Ulysess尤利西斯;Finnegans Wake芬尼根的觉醒60、Virginia Woolf沃尔芙1882-1941 长篇小说：Mrs Dalloway达洛威夫人;To the Lighthouse到灯塔去;Orlando 奥兰多传;The Waves浪;Flush弗乐希;Between the Acts幕间散文集：The Common Readers;The Death of the Moth and Other Essays;A Room of One’s Own;Three Guineas 三个基尼亚名文：Modern Fiction现代小说日记：A Writer’s Diary61、David Herbert Lawrence劳伦斯1885-1930 The White Peacock白孔雀;Sons and Lovers儿子与情人;The Reinbow虹;Women in Love恋爱中的妇女;Lady Chatterley’s Lover查泰莱夫人的情人62、Katherine Mansfield曼斯菲尔德1888-1923 In a German Pension在一个德国公寓里;Blis幸福;The Garden Party园会;The Dove’s Nest鸽巢;Something Childish幼稚集63、Thomas Stearns Eliot艾略特1888-1965 诗集：Prufrock and Other Observation普鲁夫洛克及其他;The Waste Land荒原;The Hollow Men空虚的人们;Ash-Wednesday圣灰星期三;Four Quarters诗剧：Murder in the Cathedral大教堂里的谋杀案;The Family Reunion团圆评论集：The Sacred Wood圣林;Homage to John Dryden向约翰•德莱顿致敬;For Lancelot Andrews纪念兰斯洛特•安德鲁斯64、Aldous Leonard Huxley赫胥黎1894-1963 Antic Hay滑稽的环舞;Point Counter Point旋律和对立;Brave New World新奇的世界;Letters书信集;Ape and Essence猿与本质;Eyeless in Gaza加沙的盲人;After Many a Summer多少个夏天之后;The Doors of Perception感觉之门;Fairy Godmother天使教母(←Two or Three Graces雅事二三)65、John Boynton Priesley普里斯特利1899- 小说：The English Comic Characters英国喜剧从物;The English Novel英国小说;The Good Companions好伙伴;Angel Pavement天使街;They Walk in the City;他们走在城市中；Letthe People Sing让人们歌唱剧本：Dangerous Corner危险的转角;Time and the Conways时代与康威一家;In Inspector Calls罪恶之家;When We Are Married;The Linden Tree普提树;Summer Day’s Dream夏日梦66、Hugh MacDiarmid麦克迪尔米德1892-1978 Sangshaw诗歌集;A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle醉汉看蓟;First/Second/Third Hymn to Lenin;In Memoriam James Joyce悼念乔伊斯;Collected Poems 名诗：Why I Choose Red;Moonlight Among;The Pines;Third Hymn to Lenin67、Ivor Armstrong Richards理查兹1893-1979 Principles of Literary Criticism文学批评原理;Science and Poetry;Practical Criticism实用批评;Coleidge on Imagination柯尔律治论想象;The Philosophy of Rhetoric修辞哲学;Basic in Teaching :East and West教学基础（The Four Kinds of Meaning）;Basic English and It’s Uses基础英语及其应用68、Leshe Poles Hartley哈特利1895-1972 短篇小说集：Night Fears and Other Stories黑夜的恐惧及其他故事(The Killing Bottle致命瓶;The White Wand白色魔杖) 论文集：The Novelist’s Responsibility 长篇小说：Eustace and Hilda优斯塔斯与希尔达三部曲(The Shrimp and the Anemone虾与海葵);The Go-Between信使;The Hireling佣工；Facial Justice表面正义;The Boat;A Perfect Woman一个完美的女人;The Betrayal 背叛;My Sister’s Keeper妹妹的监护人69、Elizabeth Bowen鲍恩1899-1973 The Hotel旅舍;The House in Paris巴黎寓所;The Death of the Heart心死;The Heat of the Day炎日短篇小说集：Look at All Those Roses(Tears ,Idle Tears)70、Victor Sawdon Pritchett普里彻特1900- 短篇小说：The Sailor水手;The Sense of Humour幽默感;Mr Beluncle 贝伦克尔先生游记：The Spanish Temper西班牙性格评论集：Books in General书籍泛谈自传：A Cab at the Door:A Memoir马车在家门口：回忆录；Midnight Oil挑灯夜谈71、George Orwell奥威尔1903-1950 小说：Down and Out in Paris and London巴黎伦敦落魄记;Homage to Catalonia向坎塔罗尼亚致敬;Animal Farm兽园;Nineteen Eighty-Four散文集：Dickens,Dali and Others狄更斯，达里及其他;Shooting on Elephant and Other Essays猎象记及其他;The Collected Essays,Journalism and Letters of George Orwell in Four Volumes奥威尔散文，新闻写作及书信集名文：Lear Tolstoy and The Fool72、Frank O’connor奥康纳1903-1966 论文集：The Lonely V oice:A Study of the Short Story寂寞之声：短篇小说研究自传：An Only Son独生子;My Father’s Son;The Backward Look:A Survey of Irish Literature爱尔兰文学回顾短篇小说集：Collection Two:Stories by Frank O’connor(Private Property私有财产)73、Evelyn Waugh伊夫林•沃1903-1966 长篇小说：Decline and Fall没落与堕落;Vile Bodies行尸走肉;A Handful of Dust 一撮灰尘;Black Mischief黑色的祸害;Scoop挖新闻;Put out More Flags多升几面旗;Bridgeshead Revisited重游布赖兹海德(Men at Arms行伍生涯;Officers and Gentlemen军官与绅士;Unconditional Surrender无条件投降→The Sword of Honour荣誉之剑三部曲)自传：A Little Learning一点学问（三部只成一部）短篇小说集：Mr Loveday’s Little Outing and Other Sad Stories洛弗戴先生一次短暂的外出与其他悲惨故事74、Christopher Isherwood 衣修午德1904- All the Conspirators所有的阴谋者;Mr Norris Changeds Traits诺里斯先生换火车;Sally Bowles萨利•鲍尔斯（选自《再见吧，柏林》）;Journey to a War战地行;Prater Violet紫罗兰姑娘;The World in the Evening夜晚的世界;Down there on A Visit在那儿进行访问;A Single Man单身汉;A Meeting by the River 河畔相会75、Graham Greene格雷厄姆•格林1904- 消遣：Stamboul Train斯坦布尔列车;A Gun for Sale一支出卖的枪;Our Man in Havana我们在哈瓦纳的人严肃：The Power and the Glory权力与荣誉;The Heart of the Matter问题的核心;The End of the Affair爱情的结局;The Quiet American;The Comedians喜剧演员;The Human Favor人的因素76、Charles Percy Snow斯诺1905-1980 Strangers and Brothers陌生人与兄弟们;The Light and the Dark光明与黑暗;Time of Hope希望的时刻;The Masters院长们;The New Men新人;Homecoings归家;The Conscience of the Rich 富人的良心;The Affairs事件;Corridors of Power权力走廊;The Sleep of Reason理智沉眠;Last Things结局77、Peter Courtney Quennell昆纳尔1905- Byron:The Year of Fame拜伦：盛名时期;Byron in Italy;Byron:A Self-Portrait拜伦：一幅自我画像;A History of English Literature;Four Portraits:Studies of the 18th Century四幅画像：关于十八世纪的研究78、William Empson燕卜荪1906- 诗集：Poems;The Gathering Storm酝酿中的风暴;Collected Poems名诗：Legal Fiction;Homage to the British Museum论著：Seven Types of Ambiguity晦涩的七种类型;Some Versions of Pastoral田园诗的几种变化；The Structure of Complex Words复合词的结构79、Wystan Hugh Auden奥登1907-1973 诗集：Poems;The Orators雄辩家;Look,Stranger!瞧，陌生人;Spain诗剧：The Dog Beneath the Skin皮下之狗;The Ascent,F6攀登F6;On the Frontier边界上The Sea and the Mirror海与镜;The Age of Anxiety忧虑时代;The Shield of Achilles阿基琉斯的盾牌;Homage to Clio向克奥女神致敬;About the House屋子内外散文评论集：The Dyer’s Hand染工之手;Secondary World次要的世界名诗：Who’s Who;The Unknown Citizen;Their Lonely Betters80、William Golding戈尔丁1911- 长篇小说：Lord of the Flies蝇王;The Inheritors继承人;Pincher Martin平却•马丁;The Spire塔尖;The Pyramid金字塔81、Angus Wilson威尔逊1913- 小说：The Wrong Set and Other Storie乱了套和其他短篇故事s;Anglo-Saxon Attitudes盎格鲁撒克逊态度;The Middle Age of Mrs Eliot艾略特夫人的中年;The Old Men at the Zoo; Late Call夜访;As if by Magic象是用了魔术评论：Emile Zole爱弥尔•佐拉;The World of Charles Dickens;The Strange Ride of Rudyard Kipling吉卜林的奇异旅程82、Dylon Thomas迪伦•托马斯1914-1953 诗：Eighteen Poems;The Map of Love爱的地图;Deaths and Entrances 死亡与出场;Collected Poems自传：Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog作为一条小狗的艺术家画像广播剧：Under the Milk Wood 名诗：Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night83、Muriel Sarah Spark斯帕克1918- The Comforter安慰者;The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie琼•布罗迪小姐的黄金时代;The Diver’s Seat司机的座位;The Abbess of Crewe克鲁女修道院院长;Loitering with Intent存心游戏;Collected Stories I短篇小说集（一）84、Richard Lessing多丽丝•莱辛1919- The Grass is Singing草儿在歌唱;Children of Violence暴力和孩子们(Martha Quest玛莎•金奎特;A Proper Marriage正当的婚姻;A Ripple from the Storm暴风雨掀起的涟漪;Landlocked 被陆地围住的;The Four-gated City四门城);The Golden Notebook金色笔记;Briefing for a Descent into Hell堕入地狱简况;The Summer before the Dark85、Iris Murdoch默多克1919- Under the Net在网下;The Bel钟l;A Severed Head砍掉的头;The Black Prince黑衣王子;The Sea,The Sea大海啊，大海86、Philip Larkin拉金1922- 诗：The North Ship北方船;Jill;A Girl in Winter诗集：The Less Deceived受骗较少的人;The Whitsun Weddings降灵节婚礼;High Windows高窗名诗：Church Going;Reason for Attendance87、Kingsley Amis 金斯莱•艾米斯1922- 小说：Lucky Jim幸运的吉姆;My Enemy’s Enemy我的敌人的敌人;One Fat Englishman一个英国胖子;That Uncertain Feeling那种不安感;Take a Girl Like You爱你这样的姑娘;Ending up死88、John Wain韦恩1925- 长篇小说：Hurry on Down大学后的漂泊;Living in the Present生活在当代;The Contenders竞争者;Strike the Father Dead打死父亲;A Winter in the Hills山中寒冬短篇小说集：The Life Guard救生员89、Brian Wilson Aldiss奥尔迪斯1925- The Brightfountain Diaries明泉日记; The Billion Year Spree:The History of Science Fiction科幻小说史;Best SF Stories of Brian W Aldiss奥尔迪斯最佳科幻故事集(Outside外界)90、Alan Sillitoe西利托1928- Saturday Night and Sunday Morning;The General;Key to the Door;A Tree on Fire;A Start in Life一位长跑运动员的孤独;The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner捡破烂人的女儿;The Ragman’s Daughter;The Windower’s Son91、John Osborne奥斯本1929- Look back in Anger愤怒的回顾;Lurther;Inadmissible Evidence不能接受的证据;Time Present and Hotel in Amsterdam目前和阿姆斯特丹的旅馆92、Ted Hughs特德•休斯1930- The Hawk in the Rain雨中鹰;Lupercal卢泼卡尔神(Hawk of Roosting);Scapegoats and Rabies替罪羊与狂犬病;Wodwo沃德沃怪物;Crow乌鸦Songs of Woe哀歌93、Arnold Wesker韦斯克1932- 剧本：The Wesker Triology韦斯克三部曲(Chicken Soup with Barley大麦鸡汤;Roots;I’m Talking about Jerusalem0;The Four Seasons;The Friends;The Journalists新闻记者;Caritas Christi卡里塔斯•克里斯蒂94、Margaret Drabble德雷伯尔1939- 小说：A Summer Bird-cage夏日的鸟笼;The Garrick Year茄立克年;The Millstone磨石;The Needle’s Eye针眼;The Realms of Gold黄金世界;The Ice Age冰期。

英语专业八级必考文学常识

英国各时期特点要看书，只罗列作家作品时期：1The Old and Medieval Period中古英语文学8世纪-15世纪2The Renaissance Period文艺复兴时期16世纪-17世纪莎士比亚时期或是伊丽莎白时代3The period of Revolution and Restoration资产阶级革命和王政复辟时期17世纪Form：Poetry4The Age of Enlightenment启蒙运动时期—Neo-Classicism新古典时期18世纪Form：prose Pope时代5The Age of Romanticism浪漫主义时期18世纪-19世纪中期6The Victorian Period维多利亚时期19世纪早期-20世纪初期Novel小说Charles Dickens 7The Modern Period现代主义时期19世纪末开始普通英国人的生活，象征主义、stream of consciousness意识流-James Joyce、自然主义代替了现实主义。

之父：1Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里·乔叟the father of English poetry英语诗歌之父the father of English fiction英国小说之父2King Alfred（英国散文之父3Francis Bacon培根（唯物主义哲学奠基人，England’s first essayist英国第一个散文家4Edmund Spencer斯宾塞the poets’poet诗人中的诗人5John Donne the founder of the Metaphysical School玄学派诗人代表人物6John Dryden德莱顿forerunner of the English classical school of literature古典主义的先驱Heroic couplet英雄双韵体father of English criticism批评文学之父7Alexander Pope蒲白（18世纪最伟大诗人，representative of the Enlightenment新古典学派的代表人物，first introduce rationalism to England理性主义8Daniel Defoe笛福the discoverer of the modern novel现实主义小说奠基人，Father of English and European英语和欧洲小说之父9Henry Fielding Father of the English novel英国小说之父10Jane Austin简·奥斯丁（英国第一位女性小说家）11Alfred Tennyson丁尼生Poet of the people人民的诗人桂冠诗人：Edmund Spencer斯宾塞John Dryden德莱顿William Wordsworth威廉·华兹华斯Robert Southey罗伯特·骚塞苏格兰：Robert Burns;George Bernard Shaw爱尔兰：Oscar Wilde;William Butler Yeats;James Joyce1The Old and Medieval Period中古英语文学8世纪-15世纪P82大多数是口述，14世纪被称为乔叟的时代Old English/Alliteration/Epic/Romance/BalladAnglo-Saxon Period异教pagan《Beowulf贝奥武夫》被认为是古代英语文学的开端，也是英语语言的最古老的诗歌。

专八人文知识总结

6、威廉、布莱克：天真之歌、经验之歌；
7、罗伯特、彭斯：苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人；
8、 Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》
9、 Samuel defoe 英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一；《鲁滨逊漂流记》；《铲除非国教徒的捷径》，仪表达自己的不满；
《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活；现代长篇小说的先驱
4、斯宾塞《仙后》诗人中的诗人；斯宾塞体诗节；
5、莎士比亚：
长篇叙事诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》
四大悲剧：哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白
7、本.琼森风俗喜剧（comedy of manners）《人性互异》
10、Jonathan Swift 《一个小小的建议》；《格列佛游记》；《桶的故事》；
11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人；帕米拉；克拉丽莎；查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵
8、约翰.多恩 “玄学派”诗歌创始人
9、 George Herbert 玄学派诗圣
10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一
《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑
《学术的推进》和《新工具》
四、启蒙时期（18世纪）
1、约翰、弥尔顿：《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》
2、约翰、班扬：《天路历程》religious allegory
3、约翰、德莱顿：英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人；
《论戏剧诗》
4、亚历山大.蒲柏：英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表；英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用；《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作
5、托马斯、格雷：感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物《墓园挽歌》

专八人文知识之英国文学

专⼋⼈⽂知识之英国⽂学专⼋⼈⽂知识之英国⽂学引导语：下⾯是应届毕业⽣培训⽹整理⽽成的，关于专⼋考试⼈⽂知识的⽂章，谢谢您的阅读⼀、古英语时期的英国⽂学(499-1066) 1、贝奥武夫 Beowulf (公元⼋世纪)：是迄今为⽌发现的英国盎格鲁—撒克逊时期最古⽼、最长的⼀部较完整的⽂学作品，也是欧洲最早的⽅⾔史诗。

2、阿尔弗雷德⼤帝 Alfred the Great ：英国散⽂之⽗Father of English Prose ⼆、中古英语时期的英国⽂学 1、暗讽体allegory⾮常盛⾏：这是⼀种源于希腊⽂的修辞法,意为"换个⽅式的说法".它是⼀种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事. 2、Romance 开始上升到⼀定的⾼度 3、⾼⽂爵⼠和绿⾐骑⼠Sir Gawain and the Green Knight：反映了骑⼠制度chivalry的理想，是中世纪封建贵族⽂化的精髓。

4、威廉·兰格伦 Willian Langlaud ：著有《农夫⽪尔斯的幻象》Piers Plowman 5、乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer：坎特伯雷故事集(英雄双韵体) The Canterbury Tales 。

在英国⽂学史上，他是第⼀个使⽤⼗⾳节“双韵体”的诗⼈，这个诗体后来在他⾸创下，演化成了“英雄双韵体”，“英雄双韵体”为以后的英国诗⼈所⼴泛采⽤。

他也因此被誉为“英国诗歌之⽗”Father of English poetry。

6、托马斯.马洛礼 Sir Thomas Malory 《亚瑟王之死》The Death of King Arthur 三、⽂艺复兴时期的英国⽂学(伊丽莎⽩时代)(14-16世纪) 1、托马斯.莫尔 Sir Thomas More ：《乌托邦》Utopia 2、Thomas Wyatt 托马斯·怀特和 Henry Howard亨利·霍华德把⼗四⾏诗sonnet引⼊英国 3、菲利普·锡德尼 Philips Sidney：著有《诗辩》The defense of Poesie，这是伊丽莎⽩时代⽂学批评的最佳之作;《阿卡迪亚》Arcadia 描述⽥园⽣活，为现代长篇⼩说的先驱 4、斯宾塞 Edmund Spenser ：《仙后》The Faerie Queene。

美国文学笔记完整版专八人文知识.docx

美国文学笔记整理完整版1607-1776北美殖民时期Colonial Settlements约翰·史密斯美国文学史上第一个作家John Smith A Ture Relation of Virginia《关于费吉尼亚的真实叙述》（美国文学第一本书）乔纳森·爱德华兹清教徒主义作家（Puritanism ）Jonathan Edwards1776-1783独立革命时期Revolution of Independence（启蒙运动）本杰明·富兰克林Poor Richard ’s Almana c 穷查理历书；Benjamin Franklin The Way to Wealth致富之道；1706-1790The Autobiography自传(记录作者从穷到成功的经历，“美国梦”反映，体现启蒙倡导的理性主义和有序、教育的观点 )托马斯·潘恩美国独立之父the father of American revolutionThomas Paine Common Sense常识（独立战争宣传册revolutionary pamphlets ）1737-1809American Crisis美国危机（鼓励人民抵抗英军，共16小册）Rights of Man人的权利（支持法国革命）The Age of Reason理性时代（基督给他名誉带来的影响）菲利普·弗伦诺独立诗人 a poet of the American Revolution，美国诗歌之父Philip Freneau The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲1752-1832The British Prison Ship英国囚船The Wild Honey suckle野生的金银花The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士--同类诗中最佳托马斯·杰斐逊独立宣言 Declaration of IndependenceThomas Jefferson18 世纪末 -19 世纪中后浪漫主义时期Romanticism1.早期浪漫主义华盛顿·欧文美国文学之父father of American Literature(为美国文学第一次赢得世界声誉)Washington Irving以笔记小说和历史传厅闻名，humor1783-1859The Sketch Book见闻札记（标志浪漫主义开始）A History of New York纽约史---美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；----The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说---成为美国第 1 个获国际声誉作家-----Rip Van Winkle里普·万·温克尔( 李伯大梦 )The Alhambra 阿尔罕伯拉詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀frontier novel边疆传奇小说sea novelJames Fenimore Cooper The Spy间谍（独立战争间谍对抗英国）1789-1851The Pilot领航者（sea novel）Leatherstocking Tales皮袜子五步曲（frontier novel ）The Pioneer 拓荒者（ the first true romance of the frontier in American literatureThe Last of Mohicans 最后的莫希干人（主角： Natty Bumppo纳蒂班波）The Prairie大草原The Pathfinder探路者The Deerslayer杀鹿者2.超验主义New England Transcendentalism拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书 manifestoRalf Waldo Emerson The American Scholar论美国学者;1803-1882Self-reliance论自立The Transcendentalist超验主义者Representative Men代表人物School Address神学院演说Days 日子 - 首开自由诗之先河free verse亨利·大卫·梭罗Walden 瓦尔登湖Henry David Thoreau A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers在康科德河和梅里麦克河上的一周1817-1862Civil Disobedience论公民之不服从纳撒尼尔·霍桑subject: human soul first great Americanwriter of fiction象征主义大师Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter红字1804-1864Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子The Marble Faun玉石雕像The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇Young Goodman Brown年轻的布朗The Birthmark胎记赫尔曼·迈尔维尔擅长航海奇遇和异域风情Herman Melville Moby Dick/The White Whale白鲸（first American proseepic 史诗）1819-1891Typee泰比Omoo 奥穆Mardi玛地White Jacket白外衣Pierre皮尔埃;Billy Budd比利·巴德沃尔特·惠特曼Father of free verse自由诗之父Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass 草叶集（the birth of truly American poetryand the end of romanticism）(共和圣经 Democratic Bible美国史诗American Epic)1819-1892Song of Myself自我之歌Democratic Vistas民主的前景埃米莉·迪金森她的诗大量破折号dash, 主题love, nature, death, immortality;语言 plain, brevity, directEmily Dickinson This is My Letter to the World这是我给世界的一封信1830-1886I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died我死时听到一只苍蝇叫Because I could not Stop for Death因为我不能等待死神I ’ m Nobody. Who Are You? 我是无名小卒。

专八人文知识

（一）重要文学术语诙谐短诗（Epigram）：诙谐短诗短小机智，表达一个耐人寻味的简单思想或观察。

奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）以他的诙谐短诗著称。

An epigram is a brief,clever,an usually memorable statement现实主义（Realism）：现实主义指艺术或文学中客观地将事物、行为或社会状况按照现实的本来情况进行表述，而不是用抽象的或者理想化的形式来表现。

Realism sought to portray familiar characters,situations,and settings in a realistic manner.This was done primarily by using an objective narrative point of view and through the buildup of accurate detail.（二）名家名作查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens,1812-1870）狄更斯是19世纪最伟大的小说家，批判现实主义的杰出代表。

其作品广泛而深刻地描写社会生活的各个方面，鲜明而生动地刻画了各阶层的代表人物的形象。

狄更斯作品的广度和深度远远超过了同时代的任何文学作品。

马克思将狄更斯列在英国19世纪批判现实主义小说家的首位。

在初期作品中，狄更斯对许多社会问题的解决还抱着比较乐观的态度，认为资本主义社会中的那些罪恶是可以补救的。

Sketches by Boz《波兹特写》Pickwick Papers《匹克威克外传》Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》-----小说中的奥利弗（Oliver）是狄更斯笔下的第一儿童形象。

The Old Curiosity Shop《老古玩店》在中期作品中，狄更斯对社会的乐观态度开始改变。

David Copperfield《大卫·科波菲尔》-----全书采用第一人称叙事语气，其中融进了坐着本人的许多生活经历。

英语专八英美文学作品及作者简介

英语专八英美文学作品及作者简介☆英国文学名家名著《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）是英国盎格鲁·撒克逊时期的一首英雄史诗，古英语文学的最高成就，同时标志着英国文学的开始。

史诗的第一部分讲述瑞典青年王子贝奥武甫来到丹麦，帮助丹麦国王赫罗斯加杀死了12年来常来进行夜袭的巨妖格伦德尔及他的母亲；第二部分简述了贝奥武甫继承王位，平安统治50年。

后来，他的国土被一条喷火巨龙蹂躏，老当益壮的贝奥武甫与火龙交战，杀死火龙，自己也受了致命伤。

杰弗里·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer ，1340-1400)是英国文学之父亲和前最杰出的作家。

主要作品有《坎特伯雷故事集》等。

作品的主要特点是主题、题材、风格、笔调的多样性及描写人对生活的追求的复杂性。

他的代表作品是《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）不仅描绘了31位朝圣者的各个社会阶层，而且也反映了他们各自叙述故事的不同风格，读者广泛，对后世影响很大。

威廉·莎士比亚(William Shakespeare ，1564-1616)是文艺复兴时期英国著名的剧作家和诗人。

他创作了大量的作品，其中包括喜剧、悲剧和历史剧。

他的剧本至今仍在许多国家上演，并为人们所普遍阅读。

莎上比亚的作品文才横溢，创造的喜、怒、哀、乐场面使人印象深刻，历久难忘。

主要作品有四大悲剧：《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）、《麦克白》(Macbeth),《李尔王》(King Lear)；四大喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night’s Dream)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice)、《无事生非》(Much Ado about Nothing)和《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It)等。

此外，历史剧《亨利六世》(Henry VI)三部曲，爱情悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）也都很受欢迎。

专业八级英语专业英国文学第一册作者与作品自己整理的,无遗漏版

The eighteenth century
Daniel Defoe (1661-1731)笛福
Robinson Crusoe鲁滨逊漂流记
&Captain Singleton
& Moll Flanders摩尔弗兰德斯
& A Journal of the Plagure Year
Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)
Robert Burns (1759-1796)彭斯
Auld lang syne友谊地久天长
&a d red rose我的爱人像朵红红玫瑰
William Blake (1757-1827)布莱克
London伦敦
& thewindsorforest
&the Dunciad群愚史诗
& whatever is ,is right
Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)约翰森
Letter to the right honurable the earl of chesterfield致吉斯特非尔德爵爷书
坎特伯雷故事集
The Fifteenth Century (1400-1550)
Bishop Thomas Percy (1729-1811)
Reliques fo Ancient English Poetry
Professor F.J. Child
English and Scottish Ballads & Robin Hood Ballads
&as you like it皆大欢喜
&much and ado
&marry wives of widow

英语专业八级文化常识

英国文学(English Literature)一、Old and Medieval English Literature中古英语文学(8世纪-14世纪)1) The Old English Period / The Anglo-Saxon Period古英语时期(449-1066)a. pagan poetry(异教诗歌): Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- 最早的诗歌；长诗(3000行) heroism & fatalism & Christian qualitiesthe folk legends of the primitive northern tribes; a heroic Scandinavian epic legend; 善恶有报b. religious poetry: Caedmon(凯德蒙610-680): the first known religious poet; the father of English songCynewulf(基涅武甫9C): The Christc. 8th C, Anglo-Saxon prose: Venerable Bede(673-735); Alfred the Great(848-901)2) The Medieval Period中世纪(1066-ca.1485 / 1500):a. Romance中世纪传奇故事(1200-1500): the Middle Ages; 英雄诗歌无名诗人- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿色骑士》: Celtic legend; verse-romance; 2530 lines~ 14th C,Age of Chaucer:* Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟1340-1400): 文风：vivid and exact language, his poetry is full of vigor and swiftness the father of English poetry; the father of English fiction; 首创“双韵体”; 首位用伦敦方言写作英国作家The Canterbury Tales:pilgrims stories 受Boccaccio(薄伽丘) - Decameron《十日谈》启发The House of Fame; Troilus and Criseyde; The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰罗曼史》(译作)* William Langland(朗兰1332-1400)：The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 普通人眼中的社会抗议b. 15th C, English ballads: Thomas Malory (1395-1471) :Morte d’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴(1500-1660): humanism十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗，伊丽莎白戏剧1) 诗歌Henry Howard(霍华德1516-1547)a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literatureb. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士1554-1586)：代表了当时的理想- “the complete man”Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern worldc.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞1552-1599): the poets’ poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代- long allegorical romance文风：a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd CalendarThe Faerie Queen《仙后》：long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗),and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line.2) Prose 散文a. Thomas More(莫尔1478-1535): 欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人Utopia《乌托邦》: More与海员的对话b. John Lyly (黎里1553-160，剧作家&小说家)：EupheusEuphuism(夸饰文体): Abundant use of balanced sentences, alliterations(头韵) and other artificial prosodic(韵律) means.The use of odd similes(明喻) and comparisonsc. Francis Bacon (培根1561-1626)：英国首位散文家，中世纪至现代欧洲时期; 近代唯物主义哲学奠基人和近代实验科学先驱the trumpeter of a new age;Essays(论说文集)：Of Studies, Of Love, Of Beauty: the first true English prose classic3) 戏剧a. Christopher Marlowe(马洛1564-1593): University Wits 大学才子派Edward II；The Jew of Malta《马耳他的犹太人》first made blank verse(无韵诗：不押韵的五步诗) the principle instrument of English dramaThe Tragical History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士的悲剧》：根据德国民间故事书写成; 完善了无韵体诗。

专八人文知识汇总_自我总结版

第一章英语国家概括第一节英国概括Ⅰ地理有四个部分组成great Britain（England，Wales，Scotland）and northern IrelandⅡ地理特征最短的海峡strait of Dover 多佛海峡1 England the pennies 英格兰最主要的山脉2 Scotland three natural zone ：the highlands central lowlands the southern uplands ，首都是Edinburgh ，river Clyde 克莱德河是最重要的河流，3 Wales Cardiff 最大的城市和首府4 northern Ireland Belfast 英国最大的湖是内伊湖（Lough Neagh）5 Rivers and lakes最长的是Severn river（赛文河），第二长和最重要的是泰晤士河，（Thames river），典型的海洋性气候（maritime climate）Ⅲ人口60million ，英国人是Anglo-Saxons，苏格兰人hospitable and generous，Wales are emotional and cheerful people，北爱尔兰的官方语言是爱尔兰语，其次才是英语ethic groups 伦敦是最大的少数名族聚居区ⅣHistory：1 first settlers are Lberians （伊利比亚人）2 1066（Norman conquer）1215 （大宪章）1337—1453（英法百年战争）1381（农民起义）1458（玫瑰战争，1350-1650（Renaissance）1642-1646（first civil war ），1658（the restoration 王朝复辟）1688（the glorious revolution）Ⅴ教育实行的是5-16岁都必须前去学习ⅥReligionEstablished churches分为the Church of England（official church ，英国君主必须是这个教的成员主教和大主教由monarch 指定）and the Church of Scotland（Presbyterian，长老教会）Unestablished churches: the Anglican churches 英国圣公会，the free churches 自由教，the roman catholic church 天主教Ⅶ主要节日Christmas day December 25th Easter 复活节（主要的天主教节日）whit Sunday（圣灵降临节，复活节后的第7个周日）Gay Fawkes day （盖伊福克斯之夜，11月5日，燃放烟火的节日）Ⅷsports ，足球是最受欢迎的（职业足球从August 到May），最典型的英国运动是cricket，板球）网球（annual Wimbledon fortnightⅨArts 博物馆（the British museum，the national history museum .the national army museum ,the national gallery）Music (甲壳虫乐队，the Beatles ,first national music day was held in 1992,the most famous music festival is the Edinburgh international festival of music and dramaⅩmedia (BBC ,daily Express Daily mail daily mirror , daily star ,financial times ,the Guardian, the times (泰晤士报)the observer (the first Sunday newspaper)ⅪPoliticalconstitutional monarchy，没有宪法，全靠惯例，parliament （the house of lord and the house of commons，任期为五年）political party ：labor party(Whigs 辉格党) and conservative party（Tories 托利党）第二节美国概括Ⅰyellow National park（大平原地带），大峡谷（the grand canvon ,in Arizona ,phoenix is the largest city in the intermountain region ,the largest commercial city( san Francisco, also the second largest city in California ）ⅡAlaska and Hawaii (Alaska 居住着Inuits，also called Eskimos)Hawaii （Mauna Loa ，莫纳罗亚山，the world’s largest active volcano，盛产sugar cane and pineapple，首府是Honolulu）Ⅲ地理特征1 两大主要山脉是，Appalachian mountains and rocky mountains ，2 the Mississippi river （greatest continental rivers，American Ruhr ），Ohio river（俄亥俄河）3 the great lakes：lake Michigan（唯一一个在美国境内），lake superior（世界上最大的淡水湖），the lake Huron（休伦湖）lake Erie（伊利湖）and lake Ontario（安大略湖）Ⅳhistory1620，201 pilgrim，mayflower,1774(September, first continental congress), on April 19 ,1775 (,the second continental congress),1776( declaration of independence) , in September 1783, （英国承认其独立，签署停火协议），1789（established federal government），1812（和英国开战，认识到强大的联邦政府的重要）1861-1865（civil war）,gilded age (镀金时代，国内战争到20世纪初)，1949（north Atlantic treaty），1950s （civil rights movement）1950-1975（the Vietnam war），1972（Watergate scandal）1972 (访华)，1979（中美建交）ⅤAmerican political美国宪法是世界上最早的成文宪法，（1789讨论成立，国会两院，三分之二以上赞成便可以对宪法进行修改。

英语专业八级人文知识作家及其代表作

The History of Tom Jons
约瑟夫.安德鲁
伟大的乔纳森.怀尔德
汤姆.琼斯
Samuel Johnson
赛缪尔.约翰逊
A Dictionary of the English Language
To the Right Honorable The Earl of Chesterfield
英语大词典
茵尼斯弗利岛
梦见仙境的人
玫瑰
新的纪元
1916年的复活节
驶向拜占庭
丽达及天鹅
在学童们中间
T.S. Eliot
T.S.艾略特
The Love Song of J.Alfred
The Waste Land
Ash Wednesday
Four Quartets
普鲁弗洛克的情歌
荒原
灰星期三
四个四重奏
wrence
英美文学选读重点一览表（英国文学部分）
Period
Life Time
Name
CN Nane
Writings
CN Writings
Renaissance
1500-1660
Edmund Spenser
埃德蒙.斯宾赛
The Faerie Queen
仙后
Blank verse
University wit
Christopher Marlowe
Billy Budd
Moby Dick
巴特尔比
自信者
比利.巴德
莫比.迪克
The Realistic Period
Mark Twain
马克.吐温
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

专业八级人文知识之美国文学

79、Robert Penn Warren罗伯特·沃伦1905-1989 Night Rider 夜间骑士;At Heaven’s Gate 在天堂门口;All King’s Men 国王的全部人马;World Enough and Time 足够的世界和时间;The Cave 洞穴;Band of Angels 天使的队伍;A Place to Come to 归宿诗集：Thirtysix Poems;SelectedPoems1923-1943;Brotherto Dragons;Promised:Poems1954-1956;You,Emperorsand Others;Selected Poems New and Old1923-1966;Elven Poems on theSame Themet;Incarnation Poem1966-1968显灵：1966-1968诗选;Now and Then:Poems 1976-1978此时与彼时1976-1978诗选剧作：Proud Flesh 骄傲的血肉之躯;Modern Rhetoric当代修辞学；Birth of Love 爱之诞生(选自与Cleanth93、Jack Kerouac 杰克·凯鲁亚克1922-1966(“垮掉的一代”奠基者) The Town and the City 镇和城;On the Road 在路上;The Subterraneans 地下居民;The Dharma Bums 达摩的流浪者;Visions of Cody 科迪的梦想；Doctor Sax 萨克斯医生;Maggie Cassidy 麦琪·卡西迪;Mexico City Blues 墨西哥城的布鲁斯;Lonesome Traveller 孤独的旅行者;Desolation Angels 凄凉天使;Satori in Paris 巴黎参禅记;Vanity of Duluoz 杜卢奥斯的偏见94、Kurt Vonnegut 库特·冯尼格特长篇小说：Player Piano 自动钢琴;The Sirens of Titan泰坦族的海妖;Cat’s Craddle 猫的摇篮;SlaughterhouseFive 第五号屠场;Mother Night 黑夜母亲;God BlessYou,Mr Rosewater 上帝保佑你，罗斯瓦特先生;Breakfast of Champions 顶呱呱的早餐;Slapstick,orLonesome No More 滑稽剧,又名不再孤独;Jailbird 囚犯;Deadeye Dick 神枪手迪克转贴于：TEM考试_考试大。

★英美文学知识 (专八)

英美文学知识点总结（专八）Old English Literature （古英语文学）（450-1066年）Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》: The first English national epic.S ir Gawain and the Green Knight 《高文爵士与绿林骑士》：knight literature.中世纪英语文学（1066-1500）Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟，c. 1343–1400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》, called the father of English literature ―英国文学诗歌之父‖William Langland (朗格兰，1330?-1400?), the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》.文艺复兴（16-17世纪）William Shakespeare (莎士比亚，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》Shakespeare‘s greatest works:1．Greatest tragedies are King Lear《李尔王》, Macbeth《麦克白》, Hamlet《哈姆雷特》, Othello 《奥赛罗》, Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》.2．Great comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》, As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》, The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》, Twelfth Night《第十二夜》3．great historical plays:Richard III 《理查三世》, Henry IV《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五世》, Henry VII 《亨利八世》Francis Bacon (弗朗西斯·培根, 1561-1626) a representative of the Renaissance in England, is a well-known philosopher, scientist and essayist. He lays the foundation for modern science with his insistence on scientific way of thinking and fresh observation rather than authority as a basis for obtaining knowledge. His Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has been recognized as an important landmark in the development of English prose.Works by Bacon:The Advancement of Learning（1605）《学术的推进》，New Instrument (1620) 《新工具》，Essays (1625) 《培根文集》.John Donne (约翰·邓恩，1572-1631), a leading figure of the ―metaphysical school‖（玄学派主要代表人物），who frequently applies conceits (奇喻) or fantastic metaphors in his poems, involving dramatic contrasts. His poems feature a diversity of experiences and attitudes, and a free range of feelings and moods, achieving vividness of imagery, vitality of rhythms, ingenuity of speech and depth of philosophy.Works by Donne: Songs and Sonnets《歌与十四行诗》，of which ―The Flea‖, ―The Good Morrow‖, ―Break of Day‖and ―A Valediction: Forbidding Morning‖are most popular. HolySonnets 《圣十四行诗》，of which Holy Sonnet 10 ―Death Be Not Proud‖ is the most famous.John Milton (弥尔顿, 1608-1674)was a Puritan English poet and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epics Paradise Lost《失乐园》, Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson《力士参孙》.18世纪文学和新古典主义Alexander Pope (浦柏,1688-1744 ) is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical epigram 讽刺隽语and heroic couplet (inherited from Chaucer) 英雄双韵体. His major works include mock epic satirical poem ―An Essay on Man‖《人论》and ―An Essay on Criticism‖《论批评》Daniel Defoe ( 笛福，1660—1731)was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》, spokesman for middle-class people.Henry Fielding (菲尔丁, 1707 ---1754) ，an English novelist known for his novel: The History of Tom Jones《汤姆·琼斯》.Jonathan Swift (斯威夫特, 1667-1745), was an Anglo-Irish novelist, satirist. He is remembered for novel such as Gulliver’s Travels《格列佛游记》.Richard Sheridan ( 谢立丹，1751—1816), Irish playwright ,known for his satirical play School of Scandal (造谣学校). He was a representative writer of Comedies of Manners.Laurence Sterne (斯特恩,1713—1768 ), an English novelist. He is best known for his novel Tristram Shandy 《商第传》.Oliver Goldsmith （哥尔德斯密斯，1728-1774）English novelist, known for his novel Vicar of Wakefield《威克菲尔德牧师传记》.Thomas Gray (托马斯•格雷1716—1771 )，an English poet, author of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard《墓园哀歌》, writer of sentimentalism (感伤派作家).浪漫主义（18世纪末19世纪初）浪漫主义诗人：William Blake (1757 –1827) was an English poet, best known for his poetical collections of Song of Innocence 《天真之歌》(1789) and Song of Experience《经验之歌》（1794）.William Wordsworth (1770-1850), a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, started the Romantic Movement in the 19th-century English literature. Their collaborated work Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》（1798）marked the beginning of the Romantic Movement. Wordsworth is the major member of the Lake poets and his beautiful lyrics include Lucy Poems《露西》（1799），Poems in Two Volumes《两卷诗集》（1807），of which ―I Wondered lonely as a cloud”(1804)is the most popular. His The Prelude《序曲》（1850）is generally considered as his autobiographical poem.Samuel Taylor Coleridge (柯勒律治, 1772 –1834) was an English poet who was, along with his friend William Wordsworth, one of the founders of the Romantic Movement in England and one of the Lake Poets. He is probably best known for his poems The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子颂》and Kubla Khan《忽必烈汗》.George Gordon Byron (拜伦，1788—1824 )was a English poet and a leading figure of Romanticism. Among Byron‘s best-known works are his narrative poems Childe Harold‘sPilgrimage 《哈罗尔德游记》（1812），Don Juan《唐璜》（1818-1823）and his collection of lyrics Hebrew Melodies《希伯来歌曲》（1815），of which lyrics like ―She Walks in Beauty‖《她在美中行》（1814）and ― When We Two Parted ‖《当我们分别》（1813）are most popular.Percy Bysshe Shelley (雪莱，1792—1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among the finest lyric poets in English Literature. He is perhaps most famous for his ―Ode to the West Wind‖《西风颂》（1820）, ―To a Skylark‖《致云雀》（1820）, ―Ozymandias‖《奥西曼提斯》（1818）and Prometheus Unbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》. Mary Shelley (1797 –1851) was a British novelist best known for her Gothic novel Frankenstein 《弗兰肯斯坦》, considered as the first science fiction.John Keats ( 济慈, 1795—1821) was an English poet who became one of the principal poets of the English Romantic movement. His masterpieces include ―Ode on a Grecian Urn‖《希腊古瓮颂》（1819）and ―Ode to a Nightingale‖《夜莺颂》（1819）.浪漫主义时期小说家Jane Austen (简·奥斯丁，1775—1817) , was an English novelist. Her major novels include Sense and Sensibility 《理智与情感》（1811）, Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》（1813）, Emma 《爱玛》（1816）.Walter Scott (司各特, 1771---1832),a prolific Scottish historical novelist . His major work is Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》.Realism 现实主义时期（Victorian Age 维多利亚时期1837-1901）Bronte sisters 勃朗特姐妹: Charlotte (夏洛蒂, 1816 – 1855), Emily (艾米丽, 1818 – 1848) and Anne (安妮, 1820 –1849), were English writers of the 1840s and 1850s. Charlotte‗s Jane Eyre《简爱》（1847）, Emily‘s Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》（1847）and Anne's Agnes Grey 《艾格妮斯·格雷》（1847）are masterpieces of English literature.George Elliot (乔治-爱略特，1819—1880 ) was an English novelist. She was one of the leading writers of the Victorian era. Her novels, largely set in provincial England. Her major novels include: The Mill on the Floss《佛洛斯河上的磨坊》Middlemarch《米德尔玛契》.Charles Dickens (1812–1870)：one of the greatest English novelists of critical realism in the Victorian era. His major novels include: A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》（1854）, Oliver Twist 《奥利弗退斯特》（1838）, David Copperfield《大卫科波菲尔德》（1849）, Great Expectation《远大前程》（1860）, Hard Times 《艰难时世》（1854）.William Makepeace Thackeray (萨克雷，1811—1863) was an English novelist of critical realism in the 19th century. He was famous for his satirical works, particularly Vanity Fair《名利场》.Mrs. Gaskell (盖斯凯尔夫人, 1810-1865) was an English novelist during the Victorian era. Her major novels include: Mary Barton《玛丽• 巴顿》.Thomas Hardy (哈代, 1840 –1928) , an English novelist of the naturalism (自然主义). His major novels include those of ― Character and Environment‖ : Tess of the d‘Urbervilles《德伯家的苔丝》（1891），Far from the Madding Crowd 《远离尘嚣》（1874），Jude the Obscure《无名的裘德》（1896）. Most of his novels are set in Wessex（威塞克斯）.现实主义时期诗歌Robert Browning (布朗宁, 1812–1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of dramatic verse, especially dramatic monologues戏剧独白, made him one of the foremost Victorian poets, and ― My Last Duchess‖《我已故的公爵夫人》is known as one of his bestmonologues.Alfred Tennyson (丁尼生，1809 – 1892) was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and remains one of the most popular English poets in the 19th century. Tennyson excelled at penning short lyrics, including "Break, break, break" 《溅吧，溅吧，溅吧》（1842）.Oscar Wilde (王尔德, 1854 – 1900)A playwright and novelist, who is known for his ideas of aestheticism唯美主义(art for art‘s sake:为了艺术而艺术). His major plays include The Importance of Being Earnest《认真的重要性》（1895）; His major novel is The Picture of Dorian Gray《道林-格雷的画像》（1891）.20世纪和现代主义George Bernard Shaw (萧伯纳, 1856-1950), an Irish playwright, the greatest dramatist in English literature in the 20th century. He adhered to the tradition of realism, writing plays as a way to discuss social problems. He won Nobel Prize for literature in 1925. His major plays include Mrs Warren’s Profession《华伦夫人的职业》（1898）, Major Barbara《芭芭拉少校》（1905）, Pygmalion《皮革马力翁》（1913）and Saint Joan《圣女贞德》（1924）. Joseph Conrad (约瑟夫·康拉德, 1857-1932). Conrad was a Polish-born English novelist. His major novels include Lord Jim《吉姆老爷》（1900）and The Heart of Darkness《黑暗的心》（1899）.James Joyce (詹姆斯·乔伊斯, 1882-1941): An Irish-born novelist, known for the technique of the stream of consciousness. His main works: Ulysses《尤利西斯》（1922），A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man《青年艺术家的肖像》（1916），Finnegan’s Wake《芬尼根守灵》（1939）Dubliners《都柏林人》（1914）.E. M. Forster （福斯特, 1879-1970）was an English novelist. His main work is A Passage to India《印度之行》（1924）.T.S. Eliot (T.S.艾略特, 1888-1965)：an American poet, one of the most important Modernist writers in the 20th century, best known for his poem The Waste Land《荒原》（1922）. In 1948, he won the Nobel Prize for literature.David Herbert Lawrence (D.H.劳伦斯, 1885-1930),an English novelist. His most important novels are Rainbow 《彩虹》and Sons and Lovers《儿子与情人》. His novels on the one hand, explore the psychological development of the characters, and on the other, criticize the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.William Butler Yeats (叶芝, 1865-1939) was an Irish poet and awarded Nobel Prize for literature in 1923. His major poems include “Sailing to Byzantium”《驶向拜占庭》and ―Leda and Swan‖《利达和天鹅》.Samuel Beckett (贝克特，1906-1989), an Irish dramatist and Nobel Prize winner for Literature. His masterpiece is Waiting for Godot《等待戈多》. He is the exponent of the theatre of the absurd (荒诞派戏剧).Iris Jean Murdoch (默多克, 1919-1999), an English female novelist, her major novels include Black Prince《黑王子》, The Sea, the Sea《大海啊，大海》and Unicorn 《独角兽》.Doris Lessing (莱辛, 1919--) is a British writer, author of works such as the novels The Grass is Singing《野草在唱》. In 2007, Lessing won the Nobel Prize in Literature.Muriel Spark （斯帕克, 1918-2006）an English female novelist, best known for her novel The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie《布罗迪小姐的青春》(1961).Virginia Woolf (伍尔夫, 1882-1941) Woolf is an exponent of modernism and one of the mostimportant female novelists. Her major works include Mrs. Dalloway《达洛威夫人》, To the Lighthouse《向灯塔去》.美国文学殖民地革命时期Benjamin Franklin (富兰克林, 1706-1790) one of the American founding fathers (美国之父). Major works:Autobiography《自传》Poor Richard’s Almanack《理查德的年鉴》. Jonathan Edwards (爱德华兹，1703 –1758) was a colonial theologian and writer. His works are often associated with the Puritan heritage. His famous sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"《落在忿怒之神手中的罪人》is credited for starting the First Great Awakening.Thomas Pain (托马斯·潘恩, 1737-1809), an American pamphleteer. Major works: Common Sense《常识》（1776）.浪漫主义时期Romantic Period（1790-1865）：Earlier Romantic Period (1790-1830)Romantic Heyday (1830-1865)I. Earlier Romantic Period. Major writers:Washington Irving (1783-1859)Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851)Washington Irving (华盛顿• 欧文, 1783-1859):An American romantic novelist. He was best known for his short stories ―The Legend of Sleepy Hollow‖ and ―Rip Van Winkle‖, both of which appear in his book The Sketch Book《见闻札记》. Irving is the first American writer who gained the international fame.James Fenimore Cooper (库珀, 1789-1851): An American romantic novelist , best remembered for his Leatherstocking Tales《皮袜子故事》，The Pioneer《拓荒者》, Deer Slayer《猎鹿者》, Pathfinder《探路人》, Prairie《大草原》, The Last of the Mohicans《最后的莫西干人》featuring frontiersman Natty Bumppo.II. Romantic Heyday (1830-1865). Major Writers:Waldo Ralph EmersonHenry David ThoreauWalt WhitmanEmily DickinsonNathaniel HawthorneHerman MelvilleHarriet Beecher StoweEdgar Allan PoeTranscendentalists（超验主义作家）: Waldo Ralph EmersonHenry David ThoreauWalt WhitmanWalt Whitman (惠特曼，1819-1882): An American romantic poet, father of free verse (自由诗) , best known for his collection of poems Leaves of Grass《草叶集》.Waldo Ralph Emerson (爱默生，1803-1882):leader of the transcendentalism, and his essay “Nature‖《论自然》is the manifesto of transcendentalism. His another essay “The American Scholar”《美国学者》is considered to be America's "Intellectual Declaration of Independence‖. Henry David Thoreau (梭罗, 1817–1862) : An American romantic writer, best known for hisbook Walden《瓦尔登湖》, a reflection upon simple living.Herman Melville ( 麦尔维尔, 1819–1891) : An American novelist, best known for his novel Moby-Dick《白鲸》.Nathaniel Hawthorne ( 霍桑, 1804–1864): An American novelist, best known for his four romances (传奇小说): The Scarlet Letter《红字》The House of the Seven Gables《七个尖角阁的房子》The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》The Marble Faun《玉石雕像》Emily Dickinson(艾米丽·狄金森，1830–1886) , an American poetess, whose poems are concerned with life, death and immortality, of which the most famous are ―This is My Letter to the World‖, ―I Heard a Fly Buzz—When I Died‖, ―Because I Could Not Stop for Death‖.Harriet Beecher Stowe (斯托夫人, 1811–1896), an American female novelist, whose novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》attacked the cruelty of slavery.Realism 现实主义Mark Twain (马克•吐温1835 –1910), an American novelist, most noted for his novels The Adventures of Tom Sawyer《汤姆索亚历险记》, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn《哈克贝恩历险记》, Life on the Mississippi River《密西西比河上的生活》, The Gilded Age《镀金时代》. Henry James (亨利•詹姆斯1843-1916), an American realist novelist, the first American writer to achieve his career of international terms.Important works: The American 《美国人》The Europeans 《欧洲人》The Portrait of a Lady 《贵妇画像》The Wings of the Dove《鸽冀》The Ambassadors 《大使》The Golden Bowl《金碗》O. Henry （欧·亨利）was the pen name of the American novelist William Sydney Porter (1862 –1910). O. Henry‗s short stori es are well known, such as ―Cop and Anthem‖《警察和赞美诗》and ―Gift of Magie‖《麦琪的礼物》.William Dean Howells (豪威尔斯, 1837 –1920) was an American realist novelist and literary critic. Major works include The Rise of Silas Lapham 《赛拉斯• 拉帕姆的发迹》.American Naturalists （自然主义作家）Theodore Dreiser (德莱塞)Stephen Crane (克莱恩)Frank Norris (诺里斯)Jack London (杰克·伦敦)Theodore Dreiser (德莱塞, 1871–1945) , an American novelist and journalist. He pioneered the naturalist school and is known for his novels Sister Carrie《嘉莉妹妹》, An American Tragedy 《美国悲剧》and his desire trilogy《欲望三部曲》: The Financier 《金融家》The Titan 《巨头》The Stoic 《斯多葛》Stephen Crane (克莱恩, 1871–1900) was an American novelist. He won the international acclaim for his Civil War novel The Red Badge of Courage《红色的英勇勋章》in 1895.Frank Norris (诺瑞斯, 1870–1902) was American novelist. His notable works include McTeague《麦克提格》, The Octopus《章鱼》.Jack London (杰克• 伦敦, 1876–1916), an American novelist, known for his novel Martin Eden 《马丁• 伊登》, The Call of the Wild《野性的呼唤》.20世纪和现代主义诗歌T.S. Eliot (T.S.艾略特, 1888-1965)：an American poet, best known for his poem The Waste Land 《荒原》, in 1948 he won the Nobel Prize for literature.Ezra Pound（埃兹拉·庞德）: an American imagist poet (意象派诗人), major poems include Cantos《诗章》, Hugh Selwyn Maubery《莫伯里》, Cathay 《华夏》a collection of translation of ancient Chinese poems.Robert Frost (罗伯特·弗罗斯特, 1874–1963), an American poet. He is highly regarded for his realistic depictions of rural life in New England and his command of American colloquial speech. His work was first recognized in England and then in America. Major poems include ―After Apple-Picking‖《摘苹果之后》, ―The Road Not Taken‖《未选之路》.Wallace Stevens（斯蒂文斯, 1879-1955）, an American poet, best known for his poem Anecdote for the Jar and his emphasis on Imagination.Ernest Hemingway (海明威, 1899—1961)an American novelist. He was part of the 1920s expatriate community in Paris, and one of the veterans of World War I, later known as "the Lost Generation". He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. Major works:The Sun also Rises《太阳照样升起》A Farewell to Arms 《永别了-武器》The Old Man and the Sea《老人与海》For Whom the Bell Tolls《丧钟为谁而鸣》F. Scott Fitzgerald (斯科特·菲茨杰拉德, 1896–1940), an American writer of novels, whose works are evocative of the Jazz Age (爵士时代). Fitzgerald is considered as a member of the ―Lost Generation‖. Most important work is The Great Gatsby《了不起的盖茨比》which represents the destruction of American dream.Lost Generation迷惘的一代:The 'Lost Generation' is a phrase made popular by American author Ernest Hemingway in his first published novel The Sun Also Rises. Figures identified with the "Lost Generation" include authors and poets Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, Sherwood Anderson.William Faulkner (威廉·福克纳，1897-1962): an American novelist, winner of Nobel Prize for literature in 1950. Most of his works were set in an imaginary location named Yoknapatawpha. Major works include:The Sound and the Fury 《喧哗与骚动》, Go Down, Moses《去吧，莫西》, Light in August 《八月之光》, Absalom, Absalom!《押沙龙，押沙龙！》, Sanctuary《圣地》.John Steinbeck (约翰·斯坦贝克, 1902–1968), an American novelist, Nobel Prize winner. He is known for his novel The Grapes of Wrath《愤怒的葡萄》.James Baldwin （鲍德温, 1924-1987）, a black American novelist, best known for his novel Go Tell It on the Mountain 《向苍天呼吁》.Alex Harley (1936-1969), a black American novelist, best known for his Roots《根》.Toni Morrison (莫里森, 1931-)Toni Morrison is a Nobel Prize-winning female American novelist. among the best known are her novels The Bluest Eye《最蓝的眼睛》and Beloved《宠儿》.20世纪戏剧家Eugene O‘Neil（尤金-奥尼尔, 1888-1953）was an American playwright, a Nobel Prize winner, best known for his Long Day’s Journey Into Night《长夜漫漫路迢迢》, Beyond the Horizon《天边外》，The Hairy Ape《毛猿》.Arthur Miller （亚瑟·米勒,1915-2005）, an American playwright, best known for his The Death of Salesman《推销员之死》.Edward Albee (阿尔比1928---) is an American playwright best known for Who‘s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?《谁害怕弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫》. His early works reflect an Americanization of the Theatre of the Absurd (荒诞派) that found its peak in works by Irish playwrights such as Samuel Beckett.。

专八人文作者及作品

About the achievement... the leading playwright of the modern period, won Pulitzer Prize four times, winner of the Nobel Prize for literature in 1936. About the works... Beyond the Horizon, 《天边外》produced in 1920 on Broadway, Anna Christie, 《安娜-克里斯蒂》in 1922, Strange Interlude, 《奇异的插曲》in 1928. Long Day's Journey Into Night, 《长夜漫漫路迢迢》, in 1957.
辛克莱.刘易斯 (1885-1951)
• About the author... an American novelist, short-story writer, and playwright.
• About the style... ability to create, with wit and humor, new types of characters, insightful and critical views of American society and capitalist values, as well as the strong characterizations of modern working women.
The Great Gatsby
his masterpiece, an idealist who was destroyed by the influence of the wealthy, pleasureseeking people around him. his experiences and attitudes of the 1920s.

专八文学

文学类获得诺贝尔文学奖的作者∙美国作家∙∙1993 -Toni Morrison∙1987 -Joseph Brodsky∙1978 -Isaac Bashevis Singer∙1976 -Saul Bellow∙1962 -John Steinbeck∙1954 -Ernest Hemingway∙1949 -William Faulkner∙1948 -T.S. Eliot∙1936 -Eugene O'Neill∙1930 -Sinclair Lewis英国作家∙2007 -Doris Lessing∙2005 -Harold Pinter∙2001 -V. S. Naipaul∙1995 -Seamus Heaney∙1983 -William Golding∙1953 -Winston Churchill∙1950 -Bertrand Russell∙1948 -T.S. Eliot∙1932 -John Galsworthy∙1925 -George Bernard Shaw∙1923 -William Butler Yeats∙1907 -Rudyard Kipling其他主要英语国家文学爱尔兰作家Jonathan Swift乔纳森·斯威夫特Oliver Goldsmith奥列佛·哥德史密斯Osca Wilde奥斯卡·王尔德Bernard Shaw萧伯纳William Butler Yeats威廉·巴特勒·叶芝James Joyce詹姆斯·乔伊斯Samuel Beckett塞缪尔·贝克特加拿大作家Margaret Atwood 玛格丽特·阿特伍德，加拿大女知名女小说家。

代表作品有The Edible Woman , The Handmaid's Tale, The Blind AssassinHerman Northrop Frye(弗莱, 1912–1991), a Canadian, was one of the most distinguished literary critics and founder of Mythological and Archetypal School..His lasting reputation rests principally on the theory of literary criticism that he developed in Anatomy of Criticism (1959). 澳大利亚作家帕特里克·马丁代尔·怀特（Patrick White，1912年－1990年），澳大利亚小说家、剧作家，他被认为是20世纪最重要的英文作家之一。

专八 TEM8 英国文学知识

英国文学知识一．古英语时期（Old English Literature 公元499—1066年）英国文学开山之作：头韵体诗歌（alliteration）《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）开德蒙（Caedmon）：《赞美诗》（Anthem）琴涅武甫（Cynewulf）：《十字架之梦》（Dream of the Rood）比德（Bede）：《英吉利人教会史》（Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum）阿尔弗雷德大帝（King Alfred）：《盎格鲁—撒克逊编年史》（Anglo-Saxon Chronicle），被誉为“英国散文之父”（Father of English Prose）二．中古英语时期（Medieval English Literature 公元1066年—15世纪）头韵体诗歌：《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight）英国名谣：《罗宾汉名谣集》（The Robin Hood Ballads）威廉·兰格伦（William Langland）：《农夫皮尔斯的幻想》（The V ision Concerning piers the Plowman）杰弗里·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer）：英国中世纪最伟大的诗人，享有“英国诗歌之父”的美誉（Father of English Poetry）。

代表作：八音节（octosyllabic）英雄双韵体（heroic couplet）诗歌《坎特布雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）。

托马斯·马洛礼（Sir Thomas Malory）：英国15世纪优秀的散文家，代表作为《亚瑟王之死》（Le Morte d’Arthur）三．文艺复兴时期（Renaissance 15世纪末—17世纪）托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More）：伟大的人文主义者，代表作：《乌托邦》（Utopia），《国王爱德华五世悲戚的一生》（The painful Life of Edwar d Ⅴ）.托马斯·魏厄特（Thomas Wyatt）和亨利·霍华德（Henry Howard）的十四行诗（Sonnet）。

英语专业八级人文知识作家及其代表作

专八人文知识(英国文学)

专八人文知识

专八人文知识文学背诵系列

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【英语专八】人文-英美文学作者及作品

英语专业八级必考文学常识

专八人文知识总结

专八人文知识之英国文学

美国文学笔记完整版专八人文知识.docx

专八人文知识

英语专八 英美文学 作品及作者简介

专业八级 英语专业 英国文学第一册 作者与作品自己整理的,无遗漏版

英语专业八级文化常识

专八人文知识汇总_自我总结版

英语专业八级人文知识作家及其代表作

专业八级人文知识之美国文学

★英美文学知识 (专八)

专八人文作者及作品

专八 文学

专八 TEM8 英国文学知识

英语专八英美文学作品及作者简介

专业八级英语专业英国文学第一册作者与作品自己整理的,无遗漏版

专八文学