关系代词与关系副词

合集下载
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

关系代词和关系副词

引导定语从句的关系词分:关系代词和关系副词,用法如下:

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1)who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

1)when, where, why

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"

结构交替使用,例如:

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

2)that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that

常被省略,例如:

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

What只能引导名词性从句,用作连接代词,作从句的具体成分,且不能省略。

I think (that) you will like the stamps.

What we need is more practice.

关系代词

关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。关系代词

(1)关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分,例如:The girl whom I spoke to is my cousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。(该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语。)

(2)关系代词有主格,宾格和所有格之分,并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中,that 可指人也可指物,见表:限定性非限定性限定性

指人指物指人或指物

主格who which that

宾格whom that that

所有格whose of which/whose of which/whose

例如:

This is the pencil whose point is broken.

这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。

(whose 指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)

He came back for the book which he had forgotten. 他回来取他丢下的书。

(which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)

(3)关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子,例如:He said he saw me there, which was a lie.

他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言。

说明:关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略,例如:

I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.

我过去懂拉丁语,现在大都忘了。

He's changed. He's not the man he was.

他变化很大,已不是过去的他了。

注释:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略,that在从句中作表语时也可省略。

非限定性定语从句中,不能用that作关系代词。

三个特殊关系代词的用法

相关文档
最新文档