丁楠道路材料翻译
法汉道路工程词典 最新最全
法汉道路工程词典
（第一版）
前言
在东西高速公路现场指挥部领导的组织下，设计人员在工作中，积累了一些专业技术词汇，现在汇编成册，供技术人员设计和翻译工作中参考。
特别要说明的是，本“词汇”还远远不能满足我们工作的需要，希望大家添砖加瓦，使它不断丰富和完善。
另外，因汇编时间仓促，水平有限，错误和不足之处难免，请指教。
中交第一公路勘察设计研究院
阿尔及利亚项目现场指挥部技术质量部
2006年11月于阿尔及利亚
目录
1 合同 contrat (3)
2几何设计Conception géométrique (5)
2。
葡汉.汉葡建筑工程词汇手册（51-100页）
葡汉.汉葡建筑工程词汇手册（51-100页）for?a exterior外力for?a horizontal横向力for?a interior内力for?a lateral侧向力for?a resultante合力for?ura支撑forjamento锻造forma 样板，模壳forma geométrica几何形状formaldeído甲醛form?o扁铲formica丽光板fórmula de chézy谢才公式fórmula estrutural结构式fórmula molecular分子式forneco（连接房檐和椽子的）木质构件forno de cal石灰窑forno de microondas微波炉forro衬砌，衬层forro acústico隔音板forro de gesso装饰石膏衬板fotodíodo光电二极管fotoelasticidade光弹性fotogrametria摄影测量学fotogrametria analítica解析摄影测量fotogrametria analógica模拟摄影测量fotómetro光度计fragilidade脆性fragiliza??o脆化fragiliza??o cáustica碱性脆化fratura frágil脆性断裂frechal檩，桁架frequência acumulada累计频率frequência angular角频率frequência de impacto冲击频率frequência natural固有频率requ encímetro计频器fresa铣刀fresadora铣床fresta天窗frest?o（带有拱顶的高大的）窗户fric??o摩擦friso 中楣，檐壁frontal门楣饰，窗楣饰front?o小三角楣，半圆形楣frontaria建筑物的主立面frontispício主立面fuga de ar排气道，气门fuligem炭黑funda??o基础funda??o contínua连续基础funda??o de estaca桩基础funda??o directa天然基础funda??o elástica弹性基础funda??o em bloco块状基础funda??o flexível柔性基础funda??o profunda深基础funda??o radier筏型基础funda??o 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plana平面几何geomorfologia地貌学geossintéticos土工合成材料geotêxtil土工织物gera??o distribuída分布式发电gerador发电机gerador de vapor锅炉gerador síncrono同步发电机gesso石膏gesso acartonado石膏板gesso laminado层压石膏gest?o de constru??o施工管理gipsita石膏gleissolo潜育土glicerol甘油gnaisse片麻岩gobelé烧杯godo圆石，大卵石goiva半圆凿golpe de aríete水锤作用goma-laca虫漆goniómetro测角仪gorjeta錾子，錾刀goteira屋顶檐槽grade 格子，栅gradiente梯度gradiente altitudinal海拔梯度gradiente barométrico气压梯度gradiente contínuo连续梯度gradiente crítico临界梯度gradiente dinamico动力梯度gradiente hidráulico水力梯度gradiente longitudinal纵向梯度gradiente osmótico渗透梯度gradiente químico化学梯度gradiente reverso反向梯度gradiente térmico热梯度gradim多齿钢錾gradua??o级配，分级gráfico de barras横道图，柱状图gráfico de dispers?o散点图gráfico de setores扇形图gráfico estatístico统计图形grafite石墨grafitiza??o石墨化granito花岗岩granodiorito花岗闪长岩granulador造粒机granulometria粒度测量gr?o de areia砂砾grau标号grau de acabamento光洁度grau de compacta??o压实度grau de consolida??o固结度grau de liberdade自由度grau de satura??o饱和度graute薄泥浆gravidade重力gravidade específica比重gravilha碎石，粒状集合体gravilha de 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vigada有梁板lajedo石板地面lajeta方形石板lajota石板，扁石lajota ceramica瓷砖lama bentonítica膨润土泥浆lambril墙板，踢脚板lamina de madeira胶合板lamina??o a frio冷轧lamina??o a quente热轧laminado melamínico丽光板lampada a arco voltaico弧光灯lampada a óleo油灯lampada de cabeceira床头灯lampada de cristal水晶灯lampada de descarga em gás气体放电灯lampada de descarga放电灯lampada de lava熔岩灯lampada de mercúrio汞灯lampada de mesa台灯lampada de néon霓虹灯lampada de projec??o投影灯lampada de vapor de sódio钠蒸汽灯lampada eléctrica电灯泡lampada fluorescente荧光灯lampada germicida杀菌灯lampada halógena碘钨灯lampada impermeável防水灯lampada incandescente白炽灯lan?amento do concreto混凝土浇灌lancil路缘石lancil de seguran?a安全路缘石lan?o de escada两个平台间的楼梯lanternim（位于天花板上或墙高处的）窗lareira壁炉largura宽度laroz支撑屋顶坡面的椽子lastro道碴lat?o黄铜laterício红砖的类似物laterita红土latossolo砖红壤lava-lou?a洗手池lavrabilidade（石料的）易加工性leito路基leito aquático河床leito de estrada路基leito de rocha基岩，底岩leito percolador滴滤池leito rochoso地层lemniscata双扭线len?ol de água地下水面len?ol de borracha橡胶布len?ol freático潜水位，地下水位，地下水层lente acústica声透镜leque 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energia eléctrica输电线linha de transmiss?o传输线linha divisória分界线linha elástica弹性线linha equipotencial等势线，等位线linha isócrona等时线linha neutra中轴linha seccional剖切线linóleo油布，油毯lintel门楣，过梁lintel pré-fabricado预制过梁lioz（一种白色的）石灰石liquefac??o液化líquido inflamável易燃液体lisímetro渗漏测定计，土壤渗透仪litossolo石质土lixa砂纸lixa de esmeril砂布lixadeira打磨机lixívia漂白剂lixo de constru??o建筑垃圾lóbulo四叶饰lodo activado活性污泥lodo arenoso砂质粉土loesse黄土loggia凉廊，房屋敞向花园的部分logradouro公共空间lona帆布lona encerada防水油布lona plástica塑料帆布longarina（楼梯或桩的）支撑梁louver 天窗，屋顶窗lucarna屋顶窗lumieira门头窗，门框的上部luminária à prova de explos?o防爆灯luminosidade照度luneta小天窗，弦月窗luvissolo淋溶土luzerna屋顶窗Mmmacaco千斤顶macaco hidráulico液压千斤顶macadame碎石，碎石路面macadame betuminoso沥青碎石路macadame hidráulico水结碎石macadamiza??o碎石铺路法ma?aneta门把手ma?arico de solda焊枪maceta石匠锤machadinha短柄小斧ma?o de bate-estacas打桩机锤madeira compensada胶合板madeira de lei硬木madeira estrutural结构木材madeira laminada colada层板胶合木madeira laminada叠层木，层压板madeira maci?a实木madeira mole软质木材madeira plástica木塑madeira recomposta再合成木madeira 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瓦通纸，硬纸paquímetro 游标卡尺parada de autocarro 公交站点parafina 石蜡parafuso 螺丝parafuso sextavado 六角螺钉parafuso auto-atarraxante 自攻螺丝parafuso da auto-perfura??o 钻尾螺丝parafuso de ancoragem 锚栓parafuso de expans?o 膨胀螺丝parafuso de liga??o 连接螺丝parafuso de parede seca 水泥墙螺丝parafuso de posicionamento 定位螺丝parafuso dilatável 膨胀螺丝parafuso dormente 枕木螺丝parafuso guia 丝杠parafuso para madeira 木工螺丝parafuso sem fim 蜗杆pára-luz 灯罩paramento 石面，墙面parametro de desenho 设计参数parametro estatístico 统计参数parametro geodésico 测地参数parametro geométrico 几何参数parametro projectivo 影射参数parametro termodinamico 热力学参数parapeito 低矮挡墙，女儿墙parede acústica 隔音墙parede autoportante 自承重墙parede basal 基础墙parede composta 复合墙parede de adobe 土坯墙parede de alvenaria 砖石墙，砌筑墙parede de armazenamento térmico 蓄热墙parede de bet?o 混凝土墙parede de blocos de bet?o 混凝土砌块墙parede de cavidade 空心墙parede de cisalhamento 剪力墙parede de cortina de vidro 玻璃幕墙parede de estaca-prancha 桩板墙parede de reten??o cantilever 悬臂式挡墙parede de reten??o 挡土墙parede diafragma 地下连续墙parede divisória 界墙，分隔墙parede dupla 双层墙parede estrutural 结构墙parede flexível 柔性墙parede inclinada 斜墙parede lateral 侧墙parede meeira 邻屋之间的墙parede mestra 主墙parede moldada 模板墙parede n?o estrutural 非承重墙parede portante 承重墙parede pré-fabricada 预制墙板parede refratária 耐火墙parede resistente 承重墙parede seca 清水墙，干壁parede solteira 单砖墙parede suspensa 悬墙parede transversal 横墙parede vazada 空心墙parede-cortina 幕墙parque de estacionamento 停车场parque de tanques 油罐场parquete 镶木地板parte estrutural 结构配件parterre 花坛partícula abrasiva 磨粒partícula elementar 基本粒子partícula em suspens?o 悬浮粒子passadeira 踏脚石；滤器passadi?o 通道passagem de ar 风道，气路passagem de nível 铁道路口passagem inferior 桥下通道；涵洞passagem subterranea 地下通道passarela de pedestres 人行天桥passarela 轻便栈道pasta de solda 焊机patamar de escada 楼梯平台pau-a-pique 夹灰墙pau-de-fileira 框架结构中由椽子支撑的最高部分pavimenta??o ceramica 陶瓷地砖地面pavimenta??o granítica 人造石铺面pavimentador 摊铺机pavimento duro 硬质路面pavimento em blocos 块料路面pavimento flexível 柔性路面pavimento permeável 可渗透路面pavimento rígido 刚性路面pavimento semi-rígido 半刚性路面peanha 基座，墙基，柱脚pe?a de reposi??o 备品备件pe?a sobressalente 备件pedestal 台座，基座pedra angular 拱心石，楔石pedra aparelhada 表面加工过的石头pedra arenosa 砂岩pedra argamassada 灰浆石pedra arredondada 圆石，鹅卵石pedra artificial 铸石，人造石块pedra britada 碎石pedra calcária 石灰石pedra de esmeril 磨石pedra de pavimenta??o 大卵石，圆石pedra ornamental 饰石pedra quadrada 条石，块石pedra-pomes 浮岩pedra-sab?o 皂石，块滑石pedregulho 漂石pedreira 采石场pedreiro 泥瓦匠。
单词英译汉
neutral surface
中性面
themalexpansion coefficient
热膨胀系数
close range
近距离
plastic deformation
塑性变形
three-dimensional
三维的，立体的
concentrated load
集中荷载
portlandcement
硅酸盐水泥
digital imaging
数字图像
reinforcingstell
钢筋
water tightness
水密性
ductile material
延性材料
remote sensing
遥感
water-cement ratio
水灰比
equation of equilibrium
平衡方程
repeated load
低于
elastic
弹性的
magnitude
大小 数量
sign
符号 正负号
binder
胶结料 粘结剂
elevate
提升，提高
maintenance
维护，保养
simultaneously
同时地
blastfurnace
高炉 鼓风炉
elevation
高程，建筑物立面图
metallurgical
冶金学的
slab
exaggerate
放大的
orientation
方向
specimen
试件 样品
compact
密实的
expand
扩大
orthophoto
正射像片正色摄影
材料科学与工程专业英语课文翻译(1,2,3,10).
United 1 材料科学与工程材料在我们的文化中比我们认识到的还要根深蒂固。
如交通、房子、衣物,通讯、娱乐和食物的生产,实际上,我们日常生活中的每一部分都或多或少地受到材料的影响。
历史上社会的发展、先进与那些能满足社会需要的材料的生产及操作能力密切相关。
实际上,早期的文明就以材料的发展程度来命名,如石器时代,铜器时代。
早期人们能得到的只有一些很有限的天然材料,如石头、木材、粘土等。
渐渐地,他们通过技术来生产优于自然材料的新材料,这些新材料包括陶器和金属。
进一步地,人们发现材料的性质可以通过加热或加入其他物质来改变。
在这点上,材料的应用完全是一个选择的过程。
也就是说,在一系列非常有限的材料中,根据材料的优点选择一种最适合某种应用的材料。
直到最近,科学家才终于了解材料的结构要素与其特性之间的关系。
这个大约是过去的60 年中获得的认识使得材料的性质研究成为时髦。
因此,成千上万的材料通过其特殊的性质得以发展来满足我们现代及复杂的社会需要。
很多使我们生活舒适的技术的发展与适宜材料的获得密切相关。
一种材料的先进程度通常是一种技术进步的先兆。
比如,没有便宜的钢制品或其他替代品就没有汽车。
在现代,复杂的电子器件取决于所谓的半导体零件.材料科学与工程有时把材料科学与工程细分成材料科学和材料工程学科是有用的。
严格地说,材料科学涉及材料到研究材料的结构和性质的关系。
相反,材料工程是根据材料的结构和性质的关系来设计或操纵材料的结构以求制造出一系列可预定的性质。
从功能方面来说,材料科学家的作用是发展或合成新的材料,而材料工程师是利用已有的材料创造新的产品或体系,和/或发展材料加工新技术。
多数材料专业的本科毕业生被同时训练成材料科学家和材料工程师。
“structure”一词是个模糊的术语值得解释。
简单地说,材料的结构通常与其内在成分的排列有关。
原子内的结构包括介于单个原子间的电子和原子核的相互作用。
在原子水平上,结构包括原子或分子与其他相关的原子或分子的组织。
葡萄牙语建筑类词汇（个人总结-丰富-实用）
葡萄牙语建筑类词汇（个人总结-丰富-实用）葡萄牙语建筑类词汇(个人总结-丰富-实用)分类建筑工程技术术语Termos técnicos de constru??o civil楼房建设constru??o de edifício工地canteiro de obra 地基terreno地质勘探estudo do selo基础base 挖地基escava??o da base 回填aterro防水camada impermeável楼房edifício 平房casa 地下室cave 底下车库garagem 楼梯escadas 楼梯扶手corrim?o 电梯elevador 电梯井po?o de elevador 楼道corredor （机械设备等）坏avariado（一般东西）坏estragar房间apartamento 厕所banheiro 大便坑bacia sanitária小便池urinol洗手池pia 屋顶telhado 大门port?o 门porta窗户janela抽水箱，马桶autoclismo 厨房用洗池banca lava Fiscal 监理Cronograma dos Trabalhos 施工计划Mapa de Pre?os e Quantidades 工程量清单gestores 管理人员cofragem 模板模板placa de molde (准确)ordinário 普通的一般的工作日dia útilEspecifica??o Técnica 技术规范Cessionário 受让人For?a Maior 不可抗力Certificado de Garantia de Boa Execu??o Técnica 质保证书Acordo de Crédito 信贷协议Acordo de Financiamento Principal 信贷框架协议instru??es de proposta 投标报价说明书Tabela sumário de proposta 投标汇总表类似完工项目经验Experiências das Obras Análogas Concluídas输变电：Linha de transmiss?oUtilidades Públicas 公共设施Apoio de Manuten??o 维护支持Prazo de Prorroga□□o 延长期限prorroga??o de prazoCondi??es reais do terreno 现场条件CHA VE NA M?O 交钥匙Pagamento inicial(down payment) 定金Tanque elevado;reservatório elevado 高位蓄水池Implanta??o de Fo ntanários 饮水装置Propriedade de compras 优先采购权Director de Projecto(DP) 项目主管elétrico 电动的Acondicionamento 包装secador 烘干机烤箱干燥机Embarque 发货Entrega 交付Remetente 发货人Destinatário 收货人Número de Embalagem 件号Conhecimento de Embarque 提货单Frete pré-pago 运费付讫Nota de embalagem 装箱单Apólice de seguro de transporte 运输保险单C□mara de Comércio Internacional 国际商会fusível熔断器Licen?a 许可Autoriza??o 执照Despacho aduaneiro 清关Tribunal de Contas 审计部门Globalidade da empreitada 承包总款项Transferência bancária 银行转账Factura de Progresso Mensal 月进度账单Documento de embarque 船务文件Devido pagamento 应付款项Desenho do tra□ado; Planta 平面图Propriedade industrial 工业专利权Viola□□o de direitos 侵权Expira□□o do contrato 合同期满Preferência na aquisi□□o 优先获取权Idioma 语言，方言Dialecto 方言Cess□o 分配，转让Disposi□□o 条文，规定，布置Adenda 附录，补遗Memorando 备忘Entrar em vigor 生效Fontanário 贮水器,饮水点Amonstragem e Análise 抽样化验Terraplenagem 填土，土方工程。
专业英语第一篇文章翻译
Historical Development of Matertials and TechnologyThe common engineering materials include metals, cementing materials, concrete building stones, clay products, insulating materials, timber. Some of them are described here from the stand-point of occurrence, manufacture, properties, methods of testing, and use.The development of materials with improved properties is a vital phase of engineering. Progress in engineering construction has been dependent on the availability of materials of suitable physical properties in large quantities; for example, the development of the modern automobile was critically dependent on availability of high quality alloy steels, and the all-metal airplane was made possible by the development of light weight high-strength alloys.◆Phase: 相；阶段。
◆a distinct period or stage in a process of change or forming part ofsomething's developmentExample：phase two of the development is in progress.◆第二阶段开发正在进行中。
材料专业英语翻译
材料专业英语翻译As a professional in the field of materials, it is essential to have a good command of English, especially in terms of translation. Material science and engineering is an international discipline, and mastering English translation skills is crucial for accessing the latest research, communicating with colleagues, and promoting academic achievements.First and foremost, it is important to understand the basic principles of translation. Translation is not simply about substituting words from one language to another, but rather conveying the original meaning accurately and effectively. It requires a deep understanding of both the source language and the target language, as well as the ability to capture the nuances and cultural connotations of the original text.In the context of material science and engineering, terminology is of great importance. Many technical terms and concepts are unique to this field, and accurate translation is essential for clear communication. Therefore, it is necessary to build a solid foundation of material science knowledge and master the corresponding English terminology. Additionally, keeping up with the latest developments in the field and staying updated on new terminology is crucial for maintaining translation accuracy.Furthermore, when translating technical documents, it is important to pay attention to the style and tone of the original text. Technical documents are often formal and precise, and the translated version should reflect this professionalism. It is important to maintain clarity and coherence while avoiding overly literal translations that may sound awkward in English.In addition to technical translation, it is also important to be familiar with academic writing conventions in English. This includes understanding the structure of academic papers, the use of citations and references, and the appropriate style and tone for different types of academic writing. Being able to produce well-written and properly formatted academic papers in English is essential for sharing research findings and collaborating with international colleagues.In conclusion, mastering English translation skills is essential for professionals in the field of materials. It requires a deep understanding of both the technical aspects of material science and the linguistic nuances of English. By building a solid foundation of knowledge, staying updated on terminology, and honing academic writing skills, material professionals can effectively communicate their research and contribute to the international academic community.。
材料 翻译
材料翻译Materials Translation (700 words)Today, I would like to talk about the importance of materials in various industries and how materials translation plays a significant role in global business.Materials are essential resources used in the creation and manufacturing of products. They can range from natural resources such as wood, metal, and stone, to synthetic materials like plastic and rubber. The choice of materials often determines the quality and functionality of a product, as well as its cost. Therefore, selecting the right materials is crucial for businesses to succeed in the competitive market.In today's globalized world, companies are increasingly expanding their operations across borders, reaching out to customers in different countries and cultures. This brings about the need for materials translation, as the specifications and descriptions of materials must be accurately conveyed to international suppliers, manufacturers, and customers.Materials translation involves translating technical material data sheets, product specifications, safety data, labels, and other relevant documents from one language to another. This translation is not a simple word-for-word process; it requires a deep understanding of both the source and target languages, as well as the technical knowledge of materials and their properties. It is essential to capture the precise meaning of the original text while ensuring that terminology and technical jargon are correctlytranslated.Accuracy in materials translation is crucial to avoid miscommunication or misunderstanding that could lead to costly mistakes in the manufacturing process. Mistranslations could affect the quality and performance of products, as well as pose safety risks to consumers. For example, if a safety data sheet for a chemical substance is mistranslated, it could lead to incorrect handling or usage, potentially causing harm to workers or the environment.Moreover, materials translation plays a vital role in marketing and sales. In order to effectively promote products in different markets, manufacturers need to provide detailed product descriptions and technical specifications in the local language. This helps potential customers understand the features and benefits of the product, making them more likely to make a purchase. Accurate translation of marketing materials, such as brochures, advertisements, and websites, is essential to convey the intended message and appeal to the target audience.In addition to accuracy, materials translation also requires efficiency and timeliness. In the fast-paced business world, delays in translating materials can lead to missed opportunities and loss of market share. Companies need to work with skilled translators who can deliver high-quality translations within tight deadlines. The use of translation technologies and tools can significantly enhance the efficiency of materials translation, enabling translators to maintain consistency and speed while ensuring accuracy.In conclusion, the importance of materials in various industries cannot be overstated. Materials translation is a critical aspect of global business operations, enabling companies to effectively communicate with international partners and customers. Accurate and timely translation of material specifications, safety data, and marketing materials is essential for successful manufacturing, marketing, and sales. As businesses continue to expand across borders, the demand for skilled materials translators will only increase, making it an important field in the world of translation.。
矿业工程科技文献翻译部分
1) It is a fine summer’s day.那是一个晴朗的夏日。
2) The American family is dying because of the soaring divorce rate.由于离婚率直线上升,美国的家庭正在消亡。
3) Studies serve for delight, for ornament, for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business.读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。
其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
4) What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times.在一个时期的一定条件下起作用的东西，在另一些场合的相同条件下也必须起作用。
5) Influenza [influ’enzә] is spread in the same manner as a common cold.流感的传播方式和普通感冒相同。
6) A dry cell is dry only in the sense that there is no liquid in it.干电池之所谓干，只是就其中没有液体而言的。
7) There seems to be no limit to how hot things can get.物体能热到什么程度（或：物体能变得多热），似乎没有限度。
8) Although we think of the farm mainly in connection with food, some farm products never come to our table at all but go direct to factories where a great many other things are made from them.虽然我们一提到农场就会联想到食物，但有些农产品却是从来不上餐桌的，而是直接运到工厂，大量别的东西就由植物制造出来了。
翻译综合材料
翻译综合材料翻译资料汇编TextⅠ在纽约，这段时候可以常常听到圣诞歌声从街口的什么地方传出来，哪怕是在最脏的七号线车站，许多人在这里换车，黄昏时，这里上楼梯要排队。
车从这里的地铁爬上天桥，颤颤巍巍地从又乱又脏的街区开过去，往下一望，有时会看到一栋破极了的大楼的窗子里，有一些脸色神秘的东方人，穿着日式的大黑衣服，在练拳。
再往下一望，看到一个穿脏花裙子的黑老女人，摇摆着生了痛风病的胖腿，拿着一个大塑料袋，气息奄奄地走过去。
要是心情恍惚的话，会以为自己走到好莱坞的影城里去了，这里正好是在拍犯罪片。
这里也是美国啊，做着美国发财享福梦的人，要在这个站口哭起来。
那一天，近着圣诞节了，我在这里换车。
天气寒冷又潮湿，人们慢慢地向前动着，要上楼去换7号线。
在边上，我看到一只大大的灰老鼠一闪而过。
报纸上说，纽约地铁里的老鼠，有七岁孩子的智慧，也许这是真的，地铁里的老鼠，那一闪而过的黑眼睛里，有一种马上可以说话一般的神情。
然后，我听到有孩子的声音，随着小手风琴，在唱歌，在唱《平安夜》。
他们站在楼梯口，一个老人和一个孩子，孩子一手拿着小红铁筒，一手摇着小铁铃铛，黑色大衣上的小脸，被冷空气激得红红的。
经过他们的人，有的摸出钱来放在孩子的小红铁筒里，那洋铁的小筒，就丁地一响。
那是救世军在募集圣诞捐款。
寒冷的黄昏里，清脆的铃声响着，孩子在唱歌。
( 陈丹燕《圣诞歌声》) Usually at this time of the year, Christmas carols can be heard all over New York. They will waftfrom any street and lane, even from the dirtiest station of the dirtiest route, Route 7. Many people have to change trains here. When dusk falls, the commuters have to line up to move upstairs.The train is to climb up and onto the overpass and wobble its way through this dirty and messy block. Peering downwards and into the windows of some extremely dilapidated building, passengers may sometimes see some mysterious-looking Orientals dressed in Japanese-style dark suits practicing karate. Looking further downwards, they may see an elderly black woman wearing a dirty flowery skirt, and holding a big black plastic bag. Breathing with much difficulty, she is tottering along on legs swollen with gout. If one happens to be in a dreamy and imaginative mood, he might think he has blundered into Hollywood and happens to be watching the making of a crime film.This is America too! At the sight, some “rags to riches” dreamers might burst into tears.The other day, Christmas fast approaching, I was changing trains here. It was cold and wet. People inched forward, intending to change to Route 7. Suddenly I caught a glimpse of a king- size grayish rat scurrying by. Some newspapers say that the rats in New York have the IQ of a 7-year-old child. This may well be true. Scuttling by, those rats seem to be talking to you all the while with their dark glinting eyes.Then I heard the voice of a child, who was singing “Silent Night”to the acc ompaniment of a small accordion.They were standing at the foot of the stairs, an elderly man and a little boy. Holding a little red tin can in one hand, the boy was ringing an iron bell with the other. His little face that appeared above his black overcoat was flushed in the cold air.Some passengers produced coins and dropped them with a tinkle into the can.That was part of the effort of the Salvation Army to collect money donations.In the bone-chilling dusk, the bell kept ringing, and the child singing, loud and clear.TextⅡ秋天，无论在什么地方的秋天，总是好的；可是啊，北国的秋，却特别地来得清，来得静，来得悲凉。
13建筑工程材料中英文对照表
中文英文缩写阀轭Yoke外螺纹阀杆及有阀轭Outside screw & yoke OS & Y阀杆Stem内螺纹阀杆Inside screw IS阀轭套Yoke sleeve阀杆环Stem ring阀座Valve seat Body seat阀座环、密封圈Seat ring整体阀座Integral seat堆焊阀座Deposited seat阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等）Trim阀盘Dise阀盘密封圈Dise seat阀体Body阀盖Bonnet阀盖衬套Bonnet bush螺纹阀帽Screw cap螺纹阀盖Screw bonnet螺栓连接的阀盖Bolted bonnet BB活接阀盖（帽）Union bonnet c ap螺栓连接的阀帽Bolted cap BC焊接阀盖Welded bonnet WB本体阀杆密封Body stem seal石棉安全密封Asbestos emergency seal 倒密封Back seal压力密封的阀盖Pressure seal bonnet动力操纵器Powered operator电动操纵器Electric motor operator气动操纵器Pneumatic operator液压操纵器Hydraulic operator快速操纵器（滑动阀杆）Quick-acting operator (sliding stem)正齿轮传动Spur gear operated伞齿轮传动Bevel gear operated扳手操作Wrench operated链轮Chain wheel手轮Hand wheel手柄Hand level (Handle)气缸（或液压缸）操纵的Cylinder operated 链条操纵的Chain operated等径孔道Full bore, Full port异径孔道Reducing bore;Reduced port Venturi port短型Short pattern紧凑型（小型）Compact type笼式环Lantern ring压盖Gland阀杆填料Stem packing阀盖垫片Bonnet gasket升杆式（明杆）Rising stem RS非升杆式（暗杆）Non-rising stem NRS开闭指示器/限位器Indicator/stopper注油器Grease injector可更换的阀座环Renewable seat ring闸阀Gate valve平行双闸板Double disc parallel seat楔形双闸板Split wedge挠性楔形闸板Flexible solid wedge楔形单闸板Solid wedge塞型闸阀Plug gate valve疏通型闸阀Through conduit gate valve截止阀Globe valve球心型阀盘Globe type disc塞型阀盘Plug type disc可转动的阀盘Swivel disc节流阀Throttle valve针阀Needle valve角阀（角式截止阀）Angle valveY型阀（Y型阀体截止阀）Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)球阀Ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve装有底轴的Thunnion mounted耐火型Fire safe type浮动球型Floating ball type防脱出阀杆Blowout Proof stem蝶阀Butterfly valve对夹式（薄片型）Wafer type凸耳式Lug type偏心阀板蝶阀Offset disc butterfly valve; Eccentric butterfly valve斜阀盘蝶阀Canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀Link butterfly valve止回式蝶阀Combined non-return butterfly valve柱塞阀Piston type valve旋塞阀Plug valve三通旋塞阀Three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀Four-way plug valve旋塞Cock衬套旋塞Sleeve cock隔膜阀Diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀Rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀Straight way diaphragm valve堰式隔膜阀Weir diaphragm valve夹紧式胶管阀Pinch valve (用于泥浆、粉尘等）止回阀Check valve升降式止回阀Lift check valve旋启式止回阀Swing check valve落球式止回阀Ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀Spring ball check valve双板对夹式止回阀Dual plate wafer type check valve无撞击声止回阀Non-slam check valve底阀Foot valve切断式止回阀Stop check valve ; Non-return valve活塞式止回阀Pistonche check valve翻板式止回阀Flap check valve翻转盘止回阀Tilting disc check valve蝶式止回阀Butterfly check valve安全泄气阀Safety valve SV安全泄液阀Relief valve RV安全泄压阀Safety relief valve杠杆重锤式Lever and weight type引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀Pilot operated safety valve复式安全泄气阀Twin type safety valve罐底排污阀Flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀Bellow sealed valve电磁阀Solenoid valve; solenoid operated valve电动阀Electrically operated valve; Electr-motor operated valve气动阀Pneumatic operated valve低温用阀Cryogenic service valve 蒸汽疏止阀Steam trap机械式疏水阀Mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀Open bucket trap; Open top bucket trap浮球式疏水阀Float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀Inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀Loose float trap恒温式疏水阀Thermostatic trap金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀Metal expansion steam trap液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀Liquid expansion steam trap双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀Bimetallic expansion steam trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀Balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀Thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀Impulse steam trap放汽阀（自动放汽阀）Air vent valve; (Automatic air vent valve)平板式滑动闸阀Slab type sliding gate valve 盖阀Flat valve换向阀Diverting valve; Reversing valve热膨胀阀Thermo expansion valve自动关闭阀Self-closing valve自动排液阀Self-draining valve管道肓板阀Line-blind valve挤压阀Sgueeze valve呼吸阀Breather valve风门Damper减压阀Pressure reducing valve; Reducing valve控制阀Control valve膜式控制阀Diaphrated operated control valve 执行机构Actuator背压调节阀Back pressure regulating valve差压调节阀Differential pressure regulating valve压力比例调节阀Pressure ratio regulating valve切断阀Block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve 调节阀Regulating valve快开阀Quick opening valve快闭阀Quick closing valve隔断阀Isolating valve三通阀Three way valve夹套阀Jacketed valve非旋转式阀Non-rotary valve排污阀Blowdown valve集液排放阀Drip valve排液阀Drain valve放空阀Vent valve卸载阀Unloading valve排出阀Discharge valve吸入阀Suction valve多通路阀Multiport valve取样阀Sampling valve手动阀Hand operated valve; manually operated valve锻造阀Forged valve铸造阀Cast valve实心本体的阀Barstock valve（水）龙头Bibb; Bib; Faucet抽出液阀（水阀）Bleed valve旁路阀By-pass valve软管阀Hose valve混合阀Mixing valve破真空阀Vacuum breaker冲洗阀Flush valve根部阀Root valve; Primary valve; Header valve管子（按标准制造）Pipe管子（不按标准制造）Tube钢管Steel pipe铸铁管Cast iron pipe衬里管Lined pipe复合管Clad pipe碳钢管Carbon steel pipe C.S.合金钢管Alloy steel pipe不锈钢管Stainless steel pipe S.S.奥氏体不锈钢管Austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管Ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管Wrought-steel pipe锻铁管Wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管Seamless steel pipe SMLS焊接钢管Welded steel pipe 电阻焊钢管Electric-resistance-welded steel pipe电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管Electric-resistance-welded steel plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管Spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管Galvanized steel pipe热轧无缝钢管Hot-rolling seamless pipe 冷拉无缝钢管Cold-drawing seamless pipe水煤气钢管Water-gas steel pipe塑料管Plastic pipe玻璃管Glass tube橡胶管Rubber tube壁厚Wall thickness WT壁厚系列号Schedule number SCH. NO. 加厚的，加强的Extra heavy; Extra strong 双倍加厚的；双倍加强的Doublw extra heavy; Double extra strong管件Fitting弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow带支座弯头Base elbow长半径弯头Long radius elbow短半径弯头Short radius elbow长半径180°弯头 Long radius return短半径180°弯头 Short radius return带铡向口的弯头（右向或左向）Side outlet elbow (Right hand or left hand)双支管弯头Double branch elbow三通Tee异径三通Reducing tee等径三通Straight tee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向）Side outlet tee (Right hand or left hand)异径三通（分支口为异径）Reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径）Reducing tee (reducing on run)带支座三通Base tee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）Reducing tee (Reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径）（双头式）Reducing tee (reducing on both runs)(bull head)45°斜三通45°Lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径）45°Lateral (reducing on branch)45°斜三通（一个直通口为异径）45°Lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通（一个直通口及支管为异径）45°Lateral (reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通T rue "Y"四通Cross等径四通Straight cross异径四通Reducing cross异径四通（一个分支口为异径）Reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通（两个分支口为异径）Reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）Reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径）Reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet)异径管Reducer同心异径管Concentric reducer偏心异径管Eccentric reducer锻制异径管Reducing swage支管连接Branch cinnection焊接支管Stub-in螺纹支管台Thredolet焊接支管台Weldolet承插焊支管台Sockolet弯头支管台Elbolet斜接支管台Latrolet镶入式支管嘴Sweepolet短管支管台Nipolet支管台、插入式支管台Boss管接头Coupling; Full coupling半管接头Half coupling异径接头Reducing coupling活接头Union内外螺纹缩接Bushing管帽Cap C堵头Plug短管Nipple异径短节Reducing nipple 异径短节（外螺纹或无螺纹）Swage nipple 预制弯管Fabricated pipe bend跨越弯管Cross-over bend偏置弯管Offset bend90°弯管Quarter bend环形弯管Circle bend单侧偏置90°弯管Single offset quarter bendS形弯管 "S" bend单侧偏置90°弯管Single offset "U" bendU形弯管"U" bend双偏置U形膨胀弯管Double offset expansion "U" bend斜接弯头Mitre elbow斜接弯Mitre bend三节斜接管3-piece mitre bend折皱弯管Corrugated bend端部连接End connection法兰端Flange end坡口端；对焊端Beveled end , Butt welded end BEV. E平端Plain end PE承插焊端Socket welding end螺纹端Threaded end T E承口Bell end焊接端Welding end法兰连接（接头）Flange joint对焊连接（接头）Butt welded joint螺纹连接；管螺纹连接Threaded joint; pipe threaded joint锥螺纹密封焊连接Seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint承插焊连接（接头）Socket welded joint 承插连接（接头）Bell and spigot joint 焊接接头Welded joint环垫接头Ring joint RJ万向接头Universal joint软钎焊连接（接头）Soldered joint搭接接头Lapped joint外侧厚度切斜角Bevel for outside thickness内侧厚度切斜角Bevel for inside thickness 内外侧厚度切斜角Bevel for combinedthickness法兰式的Flanged FLG对焊的Butt welded BW螺纹的Threaded THD承插焊的Socket welded SW小端为平的Small end plain SEP大端为平的Large end plain LEP两端平Both ends plain BEP小端带螺纹Small end thread SET大端带螺纹Large end thread LET两端带螺纹Both ends thread BET一端带螺纹One end thread OET法兰Flange FLG整体管法兰Integral pipe flange钢管法兰Steel pipe flange螺纹法兰Threaded flange滑套法兰（平焊法兰）Slip-on-welding flange 承插焊法兰Socket welding flange松套法兰Lap joint flange LJF对焊法兰Weld neck flange WNF法兰盖Blind flange; Blind孔板法兰Orifice flange异径法兰Reducing flange盘座式法兰Pad type flange松套带颈法兰Loose hubbed flange板式平焊法兰Welding plate flange对焊环Welding neck collar平焊环Welding on collar管端突缘Stub end翻边端Lapped pipe end松套板式法兰Loose plate flange压力级Pressure rating; Pressure rating class 压力-温度等级Pressure-temperature rating 法兰密封面；法兰面Flange facing突面Raised face RF凸面Male face MF凹面Female face FMF榫面Tongue face槽面Groove face环连接面Ring joint face全平面；满平面Flat face; Full face FF光滑突面Smooth raised face SRF 法兰面加工Facing finish粗糙度Roughness 光滑的Smooth齿形的Serrated均方根Root mean square RMS算术平均粗糙高度Arithmetical average roughness height AARH管道特殊件Piping speciality粗滤器Strainer过滤器Filter临时粗滤器（锥型）Temporary strainer (cone type)Y型粗滤器Y-type strainerT型粗滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器Permanent filter网状粗滤器Gauze strainer洗眼器及淋浴器Eye washer and shower视镜Sight glass阻火器Flame arrester喷嘴；喷头Spray nozzle喷射器Ejector取样冷却器Sample cooler消音器Silencer膨胀节Expansion joint波纹膨胀节Bellow expansion joint单波Single bellow双波Double bellow多波Multiple bellow压力平衡式膨胀节Pressure balanced expansion joint带铰链膨胀节Hinged expansion joint轴向位移型膨胀节Axial movement type expansion joint自均衡膨胀节（带外加强环）Self-equalizing expansion joint带拉杆膨胀节Tied expansion joint万向型膨胀节Universal type expansion joint球型补偿器Ball type expansion joint; Flexible ball joint填函式补偿器Slip type (packed type) expansion joint单向滑动填料函补偿器Single action packed slip joint软管接头Piping special element快速接头Hose connection HC金属软管Metal hose橡胶管Rubber hose挠性管Flexible tube鞍形补强板Reinforcing saddles; Reinforcement pad特殊法兰Special flange漏斗Funnel排液环Drip ring排液漏斗Drain funnel插板Blank垫环Spacer8字肓板 Spectacle blind; Figure 8 blind限流孔板Restriction orifice爆破板Rupture disk法兰盖贴面Protective disc碳素钢Carbon steel C.S.低碳钢Low-carbon steel中碳钢Medium-carbon steel高碳钢High-carbon steel普通碳素钢General carbon steel优质碳素钢High-quality carbon steel普通低合金结构钢General structure low alloy steel合金结构钢Structural alloy steel合金钢Alloy steel工具钢Tool steel弹簧钢Spring steel钼钢Molybdenum steel镍钢Nickel steel铬钢Chromium steel铬钼钢Chrome-molybdenum steel铬镍钢Chrmium-nickel steel; Chrome-nickel steel渗铬钢；镀铬钢Chromized steel镀铬的Chromium-plated; chrome-plated不锈钢Stainless steel S.S.奥氏体不锈钢Austenitic stainless steel 马氏体不锈钢Martensitic stainless steel 司特来合金（钨铬钴合金）Stellite耐蚀耐热镍基合金Hastelloy平炉钢（马丁钢）Martin steel镇静钢Killed steel半镇静钢Semi-killed steel沸腾钢Rimmed steel; Rimming steel; Open steel锻钢Forged steel铸钢Cast steel铸铁Cast iron C.I.灰铸铁Grey cast iron可锻铸铁Malleable iron [M.I.] Nodular 球墨铸铁Nodular cast iron; Nodular graphite iron生铁Pig iron熟铁；锻铁Wrought iron铸件Casting高硅铸铁High silicon cast iron非铁合金Non-ferrous alloy铝Aluminum铜；紫铜Copper黄铜Brass青铜Bronze铝青铜Aluminum bronze磷青铜Phosphor bronze铝镁合金Aluminum magnesium锰青铜Manganese bronze蒙乃尔（镍及铜合金）Monel钛Titanium铅Lead硬铅Hard lead极限强度Ultimate strength抗拉强度Tensile strength屈服极限Yield limit屈服点Yield point延伸率Percentage elongation抗压强度Compressive strength抗弯强度Bending strength弹性极限Elastic limit冲击值Impact value (Number)疲劳极限Fatigue limit蠕变极限Creep limit持久极限Endurance limit布氏硬度Brinell hardness洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness维氏硬度Vickers diamond hardness, Diamond penetrator hardness非金属材料Non-metallic material塑料Plastic丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene ABS 聚乙烯Polyethylene PE聚氯乙烯Poly vinyl chloride PVC 苯乙烯橡胶Styrene-rubber SR聚丁烯Polybutylene PB聚丙烯Polypropylene PP聚苯乙烯Polystyrene PS氯化聚醚Chlorinated polyether CPE 聚酰胺Polyamide PA聚碳酸酯Polycarbonate PC聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯Poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA醋酸丁酸纤维素Cellulose acetate butyrate CAB氯化聚氯乙烯Chlorinated poly vinyl chloride CPVC聚偏二氟乙烯Poly vinylidene fluoride PVDF缩醛塑料Acetal plastic尼龙塑料Nylon plastic聚烯烃Polyolefin PO石墨酚醛塑料Graphited phenolic plastics聚四氟乙烯Polytetrafluoroethylene P TEE 纤维增强热塑性塑料Fiber reinforced thermoplastics热塑性塑料Thermoplastic热固性Thermoset胶粘剂Adhesive溶剂胶接剂Solvent cement树脂Resin木材Wood耐火砖Fire brick陶瓷Ceramic搪瓷Porcelain enamel硼硅玻璃Borosilicate glass玻璃Glass橡胶Rubber丁腈橡胶Nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶Neoprene天然橡胶Natural rubber乙丙橡胶Ethylene propylene rubber EPR乙烯丙烯二烃单体Ethylene propylene diene monomer EPDM垫片Gasket垫片型式Type of gasket平垫片Flat gasket环形平垫片Flat ring gasket平金属垫片Flat metal gasket带棉织物的橡胶Elastomer with cotton fabric insertion带石棉织物的橡胶Elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion带石棉织物及金属丝加强橡胶Elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement无石墨压缩白石棉垫片Non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket天然白橡胶垫片Natural white rubber gasket压缩石棉垫片Compressed asbestos gasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片Spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler内环Inner ring外环；外定位环Outer ring波纹金属垫片Corrugated metal gasket 波纹金属包石棉垫片Corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片Corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket双夹套垫片Double jacketed gasket金属包石棉平垫片Flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket实心金属齿形垫片Solid metal serrated gasket槽形金属垫片Grooved metal gasket环形连接金属垫片Ring joint metal gasket八角环形垫片Octagonal ring gasket椭圆环形垫片Oval ring gasket透镜式垫片Lens gasket填料Packing石棉绳Asbestos rope; Asbestos cordO型环O-ring自密封Self-sealing四氟带Teflon tap带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳Asbestos rope with inconel wire; inconel wire Asbestos浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料Teflon impregnated asbestos packing金属填料Metallic stuffing填料箱；填料函Packing box; stuffing box 填料函压盖Stuffing box gland型材Mumber型钢Shaped steel角钢Angle steel槽钢Channel工字钢工-Beam宽缘工字钢或H钢Wide flanged beam T型钢T-Bar方钢Square Bar扁钢Flat Bar六角钢Hexagonal steel Bar圆钢Round steel; Rod钢带Strap steel钢板Plate网纹钢板Checkered plate腹板（指型钢的立板）Web翼板（指型钢的缘）Wing材料表Bill of material BM材料统计Material take off MTO散装材料Bulk material统计材料准确度Accuracy of take off分组（类）形式（如管道等级表）Block form综合管道材料表Consolidated piping material Summary sheet CPMSS材料情况报告Material status report MSR汇总表Summary sheet估算Estimate数量Quantity QTY重量Weight询价Inquiry采购Procurement purchase采购说明Purchase specification订货单Purchasing order采购说明汇总表Purchasing specification summary sheet PSSS请购Requisitioning厂商报价Vendor quotation预制的Prefabricated编位号的Itemized代码Code number由买方供货By Buyer BB由卖方供货By seller由制造厂供货By vendor BV供应者Supplier制造者；制造厂Manufacturer接续线Match line M.L.中心线Center line ф装置边界Battery limit BL区界Area limit区域边界Zone limit工厂边界Plant limit装置边界内侧Inside battery limitI.S.B.L.设备布置EquipmentArrangement;Equipment layout, plot plan标高、立面Elevation EL混凝土顶面Top of concrete架顶面Top of support TOS钢结构顶面Top of steel TOS梁顶面Top of beam支撑点Point of support POS东East E西West W南South S北North N上Up下Down装置北Plant north真实北向True north方位Orientation危险区划分Hazardous area classification 楼面Floor平台Platform PF地面Ground level栏杆Hand rail楼梯Stair; stair way直梯Ladder铺砌区Paving area非铺砌区Unpaving area碎石铺面Gravel paving橡皮铺面Rubber paving钢结构Steel structure场地Yard建筑物Building道路Road管廊Pipe rack柱Column; post; stanchion基础Foundation梁Beam斜撑Bracing桁架Girder电缆槽（架）Cable tray (channel)仪表电缆槽（架）Instrument cable tray (duct)墙Wall篦子板Grate; Grating吊装孔Erection opening棚Shelter吊柱Davit净正吸入压头Net positive suction head绝对标高Absolute elevation坐标Coordinate坐标原点Origin of coordinate出口中心线Center line of discharge入口中心线Center line of suction切线Tangent line焊接线Welding line转/分Revolutions per minute RPM控制室Control room洗眼站Eye washer station泡沫站Foam station软管站Hose station H.S.贮藏室Storage room通风室Ventilating room更衣室Locker room变压器室Transformer room配电室Substation维修室Maintenance room办公室Office盥洗室Closet分析室Analyzer room 压缩机房Compressor House (room) 泵房Pump House (room)蓄电池室Battery room盘（操作盘）Local panel电气盘Electrical panel仪表盘Instrument panel塔Tower Column洗涤塔Scrubbr吸收塔Absorder冷却塔Cooling tower精馏塔Fractionating tower换热器Heat exchanger空冷器Air cooler水冷却器Water cooler冷凝器Condenser螺旋板式换热器Spial plate exchanger 反应器Reactor贮槽Tank缓冲罐Knock-out drum球罐Spheroid spherical tank罐Drum气柜Gas holder螺旋式气柜Helicl gas-holder湿式气柜Wet gas-holder干式气柜Dry gas-holder炉子Furnace烧咀Burner锅炉Boiler火炬Flare烟囱Stack加热器Heater电加热器Electric heater搅拌器Agitator干燥器Dryer混合器Mixer蒸发器Evaporator萃取器Extractor结晶器Crystallizer澄清器Gravity settler喷射器Ejector喷头Sprayer旋风分离器Cyclone分离器Separator成套设备Package unit设施Facilities仪表设备Apparatus附件；附属设备Accessory起重机Crane桥式起重机Bridge crane电动葫芦Motor hoist泵Pump涡轮泵Turbine pump涡流泵Vortex pump离心泵Centrifugal pump喷射泵Jet pump转子泵Rotary pump管道泵Inline pump真空泵Vacuum pump柱塞泵Plunger pump双作用往复泵Double action reciprocating pump计量泵Metering pump齿轮泵Gear pump手摇泵Hand pump; Wobble pump压缩机Compressor活塞式压缩机Reciprocating Compressor 多级压缩机Mutiprocating compressor螺杆压缩机Helical screw compressor离心式压缩机Centrifugal compressor风机Fan鼓风机Blower离心机Centrifuge离心分离机Centrifugal separator离心过滤机Centrifugal filter压滤机Pressure filter发电机Generator汽轮机Steam turbine电动机Motor管道设计Piping design管道研究Piping study管道布置平面Piping arrangement plan PAP管道布置Piping assembly; Piping layout 详图Detail“X”视图View "X"“A-A”剖视 Section "A-A"通用连接图Hook up DWG轴测图Isometric drawing 索引图Key plan通用连接组Typical installation管道及仪表流程图Piping and Instrument drawing P&ID管口Nozzle连接；接头Connection导管Conduit管品方位Nozzle orientation方向Direction位置Location相交Intersection垂直；正交；垂直的Perpendicular平行；平行的Parallel管顶Top of pipe TOP管底Bottom of pipe BOP沟底Bottom of trench管子内底Invert (inside bottom of pipe) 底平Flat on bottom FOB顶平Flat on top FOT水平的Horizontal垂直的；立式的Vertical上升管；垂直管Riser等级分界Material Specification break隔热分界Insulation break管道等级Piping class管道材料规定Piping material specification公称直径Nominal (pipe) size; Nominal diameter DN公称压力Nominal pressure ; Pressure rating PN等级Class CL磅/平方英寸Pounds per square inch Psi百万帕斯卡Million Pascal MPa管道组成件Piping component管道附件Piping attachment管道元件Piping element腐蚀裕量Corrosion allowance管段；短管Spool piece;Spool直管Run pipe; Straight pipe弯管Bend管件直连Fitting to fitting FTF水平安装Horizontal installation垂直安装Vertical installation面至面Face to face F-F中心至端面Center to Endr C-E中心至面Center to face C-F中心至中心；中至中Center to center C-C对称的Symmetric相反的；对面的Opposite距离Distance坡度Slope工作点Working point W.P.管间距Line spacing管道跨距Line span相当的Eguivalent最大Maximum Max.最小Minimum Min.大约Approximate APPROX面积Area体积；容积Volume VOL管口表List of nozzle接续图Continue on drawing COD界外Offisite地上管道Above ground piping地下管道Under ground piping管线号Line number总管Header; Manifold旁管By pass末经允许不得开启Car seal closeC.S.C.末经允许不得关闭Car seal open C.S.O. 在关闭状态下锁定Locked closed LC在开启状态下锁定Locked open LO常开Normally open常闭Normally closed取样接口Sampling connection伴热管Tracing pipe蒸汽伴热Steam tracing热水伴热Hot-water tracing电伴热Electrical tracing夹套管Jacketed line全夹套的Full jacketed比例Scale图Figure草图Sketch 图例Legen符号Symbol件号Part Number常压Medium pressure M.P.高压High pressure H.P.大气压Atmosphere ATM真空Vacuum工作压力Operating pressure; Woring pressure设计压力Design pressure工作温度Operating temperature设计温度Design temperature环境温度Ambient temperature度Degree摄氏Centigrade C华氏Fahrenheit F固定鞍座Fixed saddle滑动鞍座Sliding saddle入口Inlet; suction出口Outlet; discharge排出口Exhaust排液Drain放空Vent污水坑（井）Sump pit集水池Catch basin沟槽Trough管沟Piping trench地漏Floor drain小过道Cat walk走道、过道Walk way; Gang way预留孔Future area人孔Man hole MH手孔Hand hole HH半径Radius R外径Outside Diameter OD内径Inside Diameter ID螺栓圆直径Bolt circle B.C.节圆直径Pitch circle diameter间隙；净空Clearance尺寸Dimension高度；海拔Height厚度Altitude长度Length宽度Width深度Depth千磅Kip米meter m毫米millimeter mm英尺feet/foot ft英寸inch in管架零部件Attachment of support管托Shoe管卡ClampU形夹（卡）C levis锻制U形夹（卡）Forged steel clevis 支耳Lug耳轴Trunnion止动挡块Shear lug托座Stool吊耳Ear带状卡Strap clamp夹板，导向板Cleat可调夹板Adjustable cleat角板，连接板Gusset筋；肋Rib支承环Ring加强板Stiffener底板Basc plate顶板Top plate翅片式导向板Fin预埋件Embedded part Inserted plate垫板（安装垫平用）Shim锚固件；生根件Clip预焊件（设备上）Clip (on epuipment) 聚四氟乙烯滑动板PTFE sliding plate 连接板Tie plate连接杆Tie rod限制杆Limit rod带环头接杆Eye rod连接杆Connecting rod杠杆Lever间隔管（片、块）Spacer滑动吊板（吊架顶部用）Sliding traveller(lor honger)滑轮组Tackle block钢索；电缆Cable木块Wood block鞍座Saddle 裙座Skirt管支架形式Type of pipe support支承架Resting support滑动架Sliding support固定架Anchor导向架Guide限制性支架Restraint限位架Stop定值限位架Limit stop二维限位架Two-axis stop往复定植限位架Double-acting limit stop 定向限位架Directional stop吊架Hanger弹簧架Spring support弹簧托Resting type; spring support弹簧吊托Spring hanger恒力吊架Constant hanger重锤式吊架Counter weight hanger弹簧恒力吊架Spring constant hanger弹簧恒力托架Resting type spring constant support滚动支架Rolling support弹簧支撑架Spring bracing减振器Snubber液压减振器Hydraulic snubber减振装置Damping device缓冲筒（器）Dash pot标准管架Standard pipe support通用管架Typical pipe support悬臂架Cantilever support三角架Triangular support支腿LegΠ型管架Π-type supportL型管架 L-type support柱式管架Pole type support墙架Support-on-wall可调支架Adjustable support管墩；低管架Sleeper特殊管架Special support背对背Back to back钻孔Drill长孔Slot; slot hole放气孔；通气孔Vent hole灌浆，水泥砂浆填平Grouting组装；装配Assembly攻螺孔Tapped; Tapping自由滑动Free to slide跨度Span对中心；找正Alignment切割使适合Cut to suit修饰使适合Trim to suit伸出长度指预埋螺栓Extrusion热应力分析Thermal stress analysis管道柔性分析Piping flexiblity analysis 荷载工况Load case力矩Moment弯曲力矩Bending moment扭矩Torgue外载Externally applied load荷载Load冷态荷载Cold load工作荷载Working load反力Reaction位移Displacement附加位移Appendant displacement角位移Angular rotation冷紧；冷拉Cold spring自拉Self spring约束Restraint固定点Fix point; Anchor point自由Free刚性的Rigid方向Direction无件Member节点Node节点号Node number管系Piping system应力Stress弯曲应力Bending stress扭转应力Torsional stress轴向应力Axial stress剪切应力Shear stress拉应力Tension stress压应力Compression stress一次应力Primary stress二次应力Secondary stress热胀应力范围Thermal expansion stress range 许用应力范围Allowable stress range 位移应力Displacement stress柔性应力Flexibility stress内压应力Internal pressure stress外压应力External pressure stress纵向应力Longitudinal stress应力范围减少系数Stress-Range reduction factor弹性模量Modulus of elasticity惯性矩Moment of inertia断面系数Section modulus柔性系数Flexiblity factor波桑比Poisson's ratio柔度特性Flexiblity characteristic应力增大系数Stress intensification factor面内In-plane面外Out-plane热循环Thermal cycle热膨胀系数Thermal expansion coefficient安全系数Safety factor焊接Welding焊接种类Varieties of welding电弧焊Arc welding电熔焊Electric fusion welding EFW电阻焊Electric resistance welding ERW 有保护的金属电弧焊Shielded metal arc welding SMAW手工或自动惰性气体保护Manual and automatic inert gas tungsten钨极电弧焊（带不可熔焊条）Arc welding with unmeltable electrode GTAW自动埋弧焊Automatic submerged arc welding金属极惰性气体保护焊Gas metal arc welding GMAW氩弧焊Argon-Arc welding气体保护电弧焊Gas-shielded arc welding 气焊Gas welding; Flam welding等离子焊Plasma welding硬钎焊Braze welding电渣焊Electroslag welding焊条Welding electrode rod焊丝Welding wire焊药（剂）Flux焊接形式Type of welding角焊Fillet welding间断焊Intermittent welding点焊Spot welding对焊Butt welding搭焊Lap welding塞焊Plug welding珠焊Bead welding槽焊Slot welding焊接接头Welding joint仰焊Overhead welding现场焊Field weld F.W.封底焊Back run立焊Vertical welding平焊Flat welding工厂（车间）焊接Shop weld定位焊Tack weld坡口GrooveV形坡口V groove; Bevel end单面U形坡口Single U grooveK型坡口D ouble bevel grooveX型坡口D ouble V groove双面U型坡口Double U grooveU-V组合坡口Combination U and V groove 焊接缺陷Defects of welding焊接裂缝Weld crack根部裂缝Root crack错位Mismatch弧坑Pit焊穿Burn through夹渣Slag inclusion咬边，咬肉Undercut焊瘤Overlap气孔Porosity严重飞溅Excessive spatter未溶合Incomplete fusion根部未焊透Incomplete penetration无损检验Non-Destructive testing肉眼检验；外观检验Visual testing着色渗透试验Dye penetrant inspection 液体渗透试验Liquid penetraphyX射线照相X-ray radiography r射线照相Gamma radiography超声波探伤Uitrasonic test磁粉探伤Magnetic particle test荧光渗透试验Fluorescent penetrant inspection水压试验Hydraulic testing气压试验Pneumatic testing热处理Heat treatment普通热处理Conventional heat treatment退火Annealing局部退火Spot annealing中间退火Process annealing球化退火Spheroidize annealing等温退火Isothermal annealing极软退火Dead-soft annealing回火Tempering正火Nomalizing淬火Quenching水淬火Water quenching油淬火Oil quenching等温淬火Isothermal quenching断续淬火Slack quenching高温淬火Hot quenching水冷淬火Cold quenching调质Quenching and tempering时效处理Ageing treatment可淬性Hardenability过热敏感性Superheated susceptivity回火脆性Temper brittleness表面热处理Surface heat treatment火焰表面淬火Flame surface quenching 高频淬火Induction hardening渗碳Carbonization渗氮Nitrogen case-hardening渗铬Chromizing渗铝Aluminizing玻璃棉Glass wool岩棉Rock wool聚氨脂，聚氨基甲酸脂Polyurethane泡沫玻璃Foam glass; Cellular glass沥青Asphalt油毛毡Asphalt felt镀锌铁丝Galvanized wire镀锌铁丝网Galvanized wire mesh石棉板Asbestos board石棉布Asbestos cloth石棉织品Asbestos fabric管壳Shell棉毡Blanket硅酸钙Calcium silicate硅酸铝纤维Aluminosilicace fiber珍珠岩Perlite泡沫混凝土Foamed concrete; cellular concrete蛭石Vermiculite矿（渣）棉Mineral wool保温块Insulation block硅藻土Kieselguhr; Diatomite泡沫聚苯乙烯Cellular polystrene玛蹄脂保护层Mastic weatherproof coating水泥抹面Finishing cement金属保护层Clad; Metal jacketing玻璃布Glass (fiber) cloth镀锌铁皮Galvanized (sheet) iron; Galvanized plain sheet铝板Aluminum sheet线规Wire gage伯明翰线规Birmingham wire gage BWG 美国线规American wire gage AWG 隔热层Insulation保温Hot insulation保冷Cold insulation人身保护Personal protection隔音Sound insulation吸声Sound absorbing分贝Decibel导热系数Thermal conductivity factor支承环Support ring环箍Circumferential band钢环Steel ring涂漆Painting底漆Primary coat; Bottom coat面漆Finishing coat瓷漆Enamel防锈漆Antirust paint醇酸瓷漆Alkyd enamel酚醛漆Phenolic paint 沥青漆Bituminous paint聚氨酯漆Polyurethane paint有机硅漆Organic silicon paint漆酚树脂漆Urushiol resin paint环氧树脂漆Epoxy resin paint过氯乙烯漆Ethylene perchloride paint无机富锌漆Inorganic zinc-rich paint颜色Colour淡（浅）色的Light深色的Dark螺栓Bolt六角头螺栓Hexagonal head bolt方头累栓Square head bolt双头螺栓Stud bolt环头螺栓Eye bolt沉头螺栓Countersunk (head) screw地脚螺栓Anchor bolt; Foundation bolt 松紧螺旋扣；花兰螺丝TurnbuckleU型螺栓U-boltT型螺栓 T-bolt圆头螺钉Round head bolt机螺栓Machine bolt顶开螺栓；顶起螺栓Jack screw自攻螺钉Self tapping screw膨胀螺栓Expansion bolt粗制的Coarse精制的Finished; Fine螺母Nut六角螺母Hexagonal nut方螺母Square nut蝶形螺母Wing nut扁螺母Flat nut锁紧螺母Lock nut垫圈Washer弹簧垫圈Spring washer方垫圈Square washer斜垫圈Slant washer销轴Pinned shaft销Pin开口销Cotter pin定位销Dowel pin带孔销Pin with hole圆锥销Taper pin铆钉Rivet。
公路工程专业词汇翻译(汉英)
公路highway道路road公路工程highway engineering公路网highway network公路网密度highway density公路等级highway classification公路自然区划climatic zoning for highway公路用地highway right—of-way高速公路freeway等级公路classified highway辅导relief road干线公路arterial highway支线公路feeder highway专用公路accomodation highway国家干线公路（国道）national trunk highway省级干线公路(省道) provincial trunk highway县公路（县道) county road乡公路(乡道) township road辐射式公路radial highway环形公路ring highway绕行公路bypass交通结构traffic structure交通组成traffic composition混合交通mixed traffic交通流traffic flow交通流理论traffic flow theory车流vehicle stream交通密度traffic density车头间距space headway车头时距time headway车间净距vehicular gap延误delay地点速度spot speed行驶速度running speed运行速度poerating speed临界速度critical speed平均速度average speed计算行车速度（设计车速）design speed交通量traffic volume年平均日交通量annual average daily traffic月平均日交通量monthly average daily traffic 年第30位最大小时交通量thirtieth highest annualhourly volume年最大小时交通量maximum annual hourly设计小时交通量design hourly volume通行能力traffic capacity基本通行能力basic traffic capacity可能通行能力possible traffic capacity设计通行能力design traffic capacity 道路服务水平level of service公路交通规划traffic planning交通调查traffic survey交通量调查traffic volume survey交通量观测站traffic volume observationstation起迄点调查(OD调查）origin-destination study 出行trip境内交通local traffic过境交通through traffic交通发生traffic generation交通分布traffic distribution交通分配traffic assignment交通预测traffic prognosis行车道carriageway分离式行车道divided carriageway车道lane变速车道speed—change lane加速车道acceleration lane减速车道deceleration lane爬坡车道climbing lane停车道parking lane错车道turn-out lane自行车道cycle path路侧人行道sidewalk分隔带lane seperator中央分隔带median divider中间带central strip路肩shoulder；verge路缘带marginal strip路缘石kerb;curb侧向余宽lateral clearance路拱camber；crown路拱横坡crown slope公路建筑限界clearance of highway公路路线highway route公路线形highway alignment平面线形horizontal alignment纵面线形vertical alignment线形要素alignment elements平曲线horizontal curve极限最小平曲线半径limited minimum radius ofhorizontal curve复曲线compound curve反向曲线reverse curve断背曲线broken-back curve回头曲线switch—back curve缓和曲线transition curve竖曲线vertical curve弯道加宽curve widening加宽缓和段transition zone of curve超高superelevation超高缓和段supere levation runoff纵坡longitudinal gradient最大纵坡maximum longitudinal gradient 最小纵坡minimum ongitudinal gradient 变坡点grade change point平均纵坡average gradiant坡长限制grade length limitation高原纵坡拆减highland grade compensation 缓和坡段transition grading zone合成坡度resultant gradent视距sight distance停车视距non—passing sight distance;stopping sight distance超车视距passing sight distance道路交叉road intersection;道口railroad grade crossing平面交叉at—grade intersection ;grade crossing正交叉right-angle intersection斜交叉skew intersection环形交叉rotary intersection十字形交叉“+"intersectionT形交叉T intersection错位交叉offset intersection；staggered junction Y形交叉Y intersection立体交叉grade separation分离式立体交叉simple grade separation，separate grade crossing互通式立体交叉interchange首蓿叶形立体交叉full cloverleaf interchange部分首蓿叶形立体交叉cloverleaf interchange菱形立体交叉diamond interchange定向式立体交叉directional interchange喇叭形立体交叉three—leg interchange环形立体交叉rotary interchange匝道ramp交叉口road crossing; intersection交叉口进口intersection entrance交叉口出口intersection exit加铺转角式交叉口intersection with widenedcorners拓宽路口式交叉口flared intersection分道转弯式交叉口channelized intersection渠化交通channelization交织weaving交织路段weaving section合流converging分流diverging 冲突点conflict point交通岛traffic island导流岛channe lization island中心岛central island安全岛refuge island沿线设施roadside facilities交通安全设施traffic safety device人行横道crosswalk人形地道pedestrian underpass人形天桥pedestrian overcrossing护栏guard fence防护栅guard fence，safety barrier 遮光栅anti-dizzling screen应急电话emergency telephone反光标志reflective sign反光路钮reflective button弯道反光镜traffic mirror道路交通标志road traffic sign警告标志warning sign禁令标志regulatory sign指示标志guide sign指路标志information sign辅助标志auxiliary sign可变信息标志changeable message sign路面标线pavement marking防雪设施snow protection facilities 防沙设施sands protection facilities 隔音墙acoustic barrier停车场parking area踏勘reconnaissance可行性研究feasibility study线形设计highway alignment design 公路景观设计highway landscape design 选线route selection路线控制点control point定线location比较线alternative line展线line development初测preliminary survey定测location survey地貌topographie fcature地物culture地形topography台地terrace垭口pass；saddle back平原区plain terrain微丘区rolling terrain重丘区hilly terrain山岭区mountainous terrain沿溪线valley line山脊线ridge line山坡线hill-side line越岭线ridge crossing line土方调配cut-fill transition土方调配图cut-fill transition program土方调配经济运距economical hauling distance导线traverse导线测量traverse survey中线center line中线测量center line survey施工测量construction survey竣工测量final survey（路线）平面图plan交点intersection point虚交点imaginary intersection point转点turning point转角intersection angle方位角azimuth angle象限角bearing方向角direction angle切线长tangent length曲线长curve length外（矢）距external secant测站instrument station测点observation point中桩center stake加桩additional stake护桩reference stake断链broken chainage水准测量levelling survey水准点bench mark绝对基面absolute datum高程elevation地面高程ground elevation设计高程designed elevation(路线)纵断面图profile中桩填挖高度cut and fill at center stake地形测量topographic survey基线base line地形图topographic map等高线contour line横断面测量cross—sectional survey横断面图cross—section坑探pit test钻探boring摄影测量photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerial photogrammetry地面立体摄影测量ground stereophoto grammetry 地面控制点测量ground control-point survey航摄基线aerophoto base影像地图photographic map像片索引图(镶辑复照图) photo index航摄像片判读aerophoto interpretation 综合法测图planimatric photo全能法测图universal photo微分法测图differential photo像片镶嵌图photo mosaic路基subgrade路堤embankment路堑cutting半填半挖式路基part cut—partfill subgrade 台口式路基benched subgrade路基宽度width of subgrade路基设计高程design elevation of subgrade （路基）最小填土高度minimum height of fill边坡side slope边坡坡度grade of side slope（边)坡顶top of slope（边）坡脚toe of slope护坡道berm边坡平台plain stage of slope碎落台berm at the foot of cutting slope 护坡slope protection挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall横重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙cantilever retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall柱板式挡土墙column—plate retaining wall 锚杆式挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods 锚碇板式挡土墙anchored bulkhead retaining wall 石笼rock filled gabion抛石riprap路基排水subgrade drainage边沟side ditch截水沟intercepting ditch排水沟drainage ditch急流槽chute跌水drop water蒸发池evaporation pond盲沟blind drain渗水井seepage well透水路堤permeable embankment过水路面ford填方fill挖方cut借土borrow earth弃土waste取土坑borrow pit弃土堆waste bank回填土back-filling黄土loess软土soft soil淤泥mud泥沼moor泥炭peat盐渍土salty soil膨胀土expansive soil冻土frozen soil流砂quicksand软弱地基soft ground强夯法dynamic consolidation预压法preloading method反压护道loading berm砂井sand drain路基沙垫层sand mat of subgrade压实compaction压实度degree of compaction（标准)最大干容重maximum dry unit weight相对密实度relative density毛细水capillary water土石方爆破blasting crater抛掷爆破blasting for throwing rock爆破漏斗blasting crater松动爆破blasting for loosening rock爆破作用圈acting cire les of blasting路面pavement弹性层状体系理论elastic multilayer theory(回弹)弯沉deflection加州承载比（CBR）California bearing ratio(CBR）路面宽度width of pavement路槽road trough刚性路面rigid pavement柔性路面flexible pavement路面结构层pavement structure layer面层surface course磨耗层wearing course联结层binder course基层base course垫层bed course隔水层aquitard隔温层thermal insulating course封层seal coat透层prime coat保护层protection course补强层streng thening layer 高级路面high type pavement次高级路面sub—high type pavement中级路面intermediate type pavement 低级路面low type pavement水泥混凝土路面cement concrete pavement沥青路面bituminous pavement沥青混凝土路面bituminous concrete pavement 沥青碎石路面bituminous macadam pavement 沥青贯入碎（砾）石路面bituminous penetrationpavement沥青表面处治bituminous surface treatment 块料路面block pavement石块路面stone block pavement泥结碎石路面clay—bound macadam pavement水结碎石路面water—bound macadam pavement级配路面graded aggregate pavement稳定土基层stabilized soil base course工业废渣基层industrial waste base course块石基层telford base层铺法spreading in layers拌和法mixing method厂拌法plant mixing method路拌法road mixing method热拌法hot mixing method冷拌法cold mixing method贯入法penetration method铺砌法pitching method缩缝contraction joint胀缝expansion joint真缝true joint假缝dummy joint横缝transverse joint纵缝longitudinal joint施工缝construction joint传力杆dowel bar拉杆tie bar路面平整度surface evenness路面粗糙度surface roughness路面摩擦系数friction coefficient of pavement 附着力adhesive force水滑现象hydroplaning phenomenon桥梁bridge公路桥highway bridge公铁两用桥highway and rail transit bridge 人形桥pedestrian bridge跨线桥overpass bridge高架桥viaduct永久性桥permanent bridge半永久性桥semi-permanent bridge临时性桥temporary bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge钢桥steel bridge圬工桥masonry bridge木桥timber bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge弯桥curved bridge坡桥bridge on slope斜桥skew bridge正桥right bridge上承式桥deck bridge中承式桥half-through bridge下承式桥through bridge梁桥beam bridge简支梁桥simple supported team bridge 连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge联合梁桥composite beam bridge板桥slab bridge拱桥arch bridge双曲拱桥two-way curved arch bridge空腹拱桥open spandrel arch bridge实腹拱桥filled spandrel arch bridge系杆拱桥bowstring arch bridge桁架桥truss bridge钢构桥rigid frame bridgeT形钢构桥T-shaped rigid frame bridge连续钢构桥continuous rigid frame bridge 斜腿钢构桥rigid frame bridge with inclinedlegs斜拉桥(斜张桥) cable stayed bridge悬索桥suspension bridge漫水桥submersible bridge浮桥pontoon bridge开启桥movable bridge装配式桥fabricated bridge装拆式钢桥fabricated steel bridge涵洞culvert管涵pipe culvert拱涵arch culvert箱涵box culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力式涵洞non-pressure culvert压力式涵洞pressure culvert半压力式涵洞partial pressure culvert倒虹吸涵siphon culvert 上部结构superstructure主梁main beam横梁floor beam纵梁longitudinal beam，stringer挂梁suspended beam拱圈arch，ring拱上结构spandrel structure腹拱spandrel arch拱上侧墙spandrel wall桥面系floor system，bridge decking桥面铺装bridge deck pavement伸缩缝expansion and contraction joint 桥面伸缩装置bridge floor expansion andcontraction installation安全带afety belt桥头搭板transition slab at bridge head下部结构substructure桥墩pier墩身pier body墩帽coping盖梁bent cap破冰体ice apron重力式桥墩gravity pier实体桥墩solid pier空心桥墩hollow pier柱式桥墩column pier排架桩墩pile bent pier柔性墩flexible pier制动墩braking pier单向推力墩single direction thrusted pier桥台abutment台身abutment body前墙front wall翼墙wing walls台帽coping锥坡conical slope耳墙wing wallsU形桥台U—shaped abutment八字形桥台flare wing wall abutment一字形桥台head wall abutment，straight abutment 重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment扶壁式桥台counterforted abutment锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead abutment 支撑式桥台supported type abutment地基subsoil加固地基consolidated subsoil天然地基natural subsoil基础foundation扩大基础spread foundation沉井基础open caission foundation管柱基础cylindrical shaft foundation桩基础pile poundation桩pile预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in—place concrete pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile承台bearing platform支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expansion bearing索塔cable bent tower索鞍cable saddle调治构造物regulating structure丁坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam桥位bridge site桥梁全长total length of bridge主桥main bridge引桥approach span跨径span桥涵计算跨径computed span桥涵净跨径clear span矢跨比rise span ratio计算矢高calculated rise of arch桥下净空clearance of span桥面净空clearance above bridge floor桥梁建筑高度construction height of bridge 荷载load永久荷载permanent load可变荷载variable load偶然荷载accidental load荷载组合loading combinations车辆荷载标准loading standard for design vchicle 设计荷载design load施工荷载construction load梁beam简支梁simple-supported beam连续梁continuous beam悬臂梁cantilever beam板slab拱arch桁架truss刚构rigid frame柱column强度strength刚度stiffness ，rigidity 抗裂度crack resistance稳定性stability位移displacement变形deformation挠度deflection预拱度camber流域catchment basin集水面积runoff area径流runoff水文测验hydrological survey河床river bed河槽river channel主槽main channel边滩side shoal河滩rlood land河床宽度bed width河槽宽度channel width过水断面discharge section水位water level最高(或最低)水位maximum(minimum)water level 通航水位navigable water level设计水位design water level水面比降water surface slope河床比降gradient of river bed湿周weffed perimeter糙率coefficient of roughuess水力半径hydraulic radius水文计算hydrological computation设计流量designed discharge设计流速designed flow velocity行近流速approach velocity洪水调查floor survey洪水频率floor frequency设计洪水频率designed flood frequency潮汐河流tidal river悬移质suspended load推移质bed material load水力计算hydraulic computation水头water head冲刷scour桥下一般冲刷general scour under bridge桥墩（或墩台)局部冲刷local scour near pier自然演变冲刷natural scour冲刷系数coefficient of scouring淤积silting壅水back water流冰ice drift先张法pretensioning method后张法post-tensioning method缆索吊装法erection with cableway悬臂拼装法erection by protrusion悬臂浇筑法cast-in—place cantilever mathod移动支架逐跨施工法span by span method纵向拖拉法erection by longtitudinal pullingmethod顶推法incremental launching method 转体架桥法construction by swing浮运架桥法erecting by floating顶入法jack-in method围堰cofferdam护筒pile casing隧道tunnel洞门tunnel portal衬砌tunnel lining明洞open cut tunnel围岩surrounding rork隧道建筑限界structural approach limit of runnels 明挖法open cut method矿山法mine tunnelling method盾构法shield tunneling method沉埋法(沉管法）lmmersed tunnel导坑heading隧道支撑tunnel support构件支撑element support喷锚支护lock bolt support with shotcrete 隧道通风tunnel ventilation隧道照明tunnel lighting养护maintenance定期养护periodical maintenance巡回养护patrol maintenance大中修周期maintenance period小修保养routine maintenance中修intermediate maintenance大修heavy maintenance改善工程road inprovement抢修emergency repair of road加固strengthening of structure回砂sand sweeping罩面overlay of pavement路面翻修pavement recapping路向补强pavement strengthening车辙rutting路面搓板surface corrugation路面网裂net-shaped cracking路面龟裂alligator cracking路面碎裂pavement spalling反射裂缝reflection crack路面坑槽pot holes 路面冻胀surface frost heave路面沉陷pavement depression路面滑溜surface slipperiness露骨suiface angularity啃边edge failure泛油bleeding拥包upheaval拱胀blow up错台faulting of slab ends错位slab staggering滑坡slide坍方land slide崩塌collapse碎落debris avalanche沉降settlement沉陷subsidence泥石流mud avalanche（振动）液化liquefaction翻浆frost boiling岩溶karst沙害sand hazard雪害snow hazard水毁washout好路率rate of good road养护质量综合值general tating of maintenancequality路容road appearance路况road condition路况调查road condition survey路政管理rlad administration民工建勤civilian labourers working onpublic project养路费toll of road maintenance养路道班maintenance gang粒料granular material集料（骨料）aggregate矿料mineral aggregate矿粉mineral powder砂sand砾石gravel砂砾sand gravel卵石cobble stone碎石broken stone,crushed stone片石rubble块石block stone料石dressed stone石屑chip工业废渣industrial solid waste结合料binder有机结合料organic binding agent沥青bitumen地沥青asphalt天然沥青natural asphalt石油沥青petroleum asphalt煤沥青coal tar乳化沥青emulsified bitumen氧化沥青oxidized asphalt路用沥青road bitumen无机结合料inorganic binding agent粉煤灰fly ash混合料mixture沥青混合料bituminous mixture沥青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete mixture 沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam mixture 沥青砂asphalt sand沥青膏asphalt mastic水泥砂浆cement mortar石灰砂浆lime mortar水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete mixture水泥混凝土cement concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete预应力（钢筋)混凝土prestressed concrete早强混凝土early strength concrete干硬性混凝土dry concrete贫混凝土lean concrete轻质混凝土light-wehght concrete纤维混凝土fibrous concrete外掺剂admixture减水剂water reducing agent加气剂air entraining agent早强剂early strength agent缓凝剂retarder钢筋steel bar预应力钢材prestressing steel高强钢丝high tensile steel wire钢铰线stranded steel wire冷拉钢筋cold-stretched steel bar冷拔钢丝cold—drawn steel wire高强螺栓high strength bolt空隙率porosity孔隙比void ratio粒径grain size颗粒组成grain composition细度fineness筛分sieve analysis级配gradation级配曲线grading curve最佳级配optimum gradation含水量water content 最佳含水量optimum water content稠度界限consistency limit液限liquid limit塑限plastic limit缩限shrinkage limit塑性指数plasticity index水泥标号cement mark水泥混凝土标号cement concrete mark水泥混凝土配合比proportioning of cement concrete 水灰比water cement ratio和易性workabillty坍落度slump硬化hardening水硬性hydraulicity气硬性air hardening离析segregation徐变creep老化ageing(沥青)稠度consistency （of bitumen)针入度penetration粘(滞）度viscosity软化点softening point延度ductility闪点flash point溶解度dissolubility热稳性hot stability水稳性water stability油石化asphalt—aggregate ratio含油率bitumen content压碎率rate of crushing磨耗率abrasiveness弹性模量modulus of elasticity回弹模量modulus of resilience劲度（模量) stiffness modulus模量比modulus ratio泊松比poisson’s ratio疲劳试验fatigue test劈裂试验splitting test三轴试验triaxial test击实试验compaction test触探试验cone penetration test弯沉试验deflection test环道试验circular track test承载板试验loading plate test透水性试验perviousness test车辙试验wheel tracking test马歇尔试验Marshall stability test压实度试验compactness test铺砂法sand patch method硬练胶砂强度试验earth-dry mortar strength –test 软练胶砂强度试验plastic mortar strength—test (水泥）安定性试验soundness test（of cement）击实仪compaction test equipment长杆贯入仪penetration test equipment承载板loading plate杠杆完沉仪beam lever deflectometer路面曲率半径测定仪surface-curvature apparatus路面平整度测定仪viameter路面透水度测定仪surface permeameter五轮仪fifth—wheel tester制动仪skiddometer速度检测器speed detector万能试验机universal testing machine三轴（剪切)仪triaxial shear ratiotester加州承载比(CBR)测定仪California bearingratiotester标准筛standard sieves（沥青）针入度仪penetrometer（沥青)粘度仪viscosimeter(沥青）延度仪ductilometer(沥青）软化点仪(环—球法）softening pointtester（ringball method)闪点仪(开口杯式) flash point tester（open cupmethod)马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability apparatus （沥青混合料）抽提机bitumen extractor砂浆稠度仪mortar penetration tester坍落度圆锥筒slump cone标准工业粘度计standard concrete consistometer 饱和面干吸水率试模saturated—surface—duiedmoisture retention tester撞击韧度试验机impact toughness machine圆盘耐磨硬度试验机wear hardness machine狄法尔磨耗试验机Deval abrasion testing machine 洛杉矶磨耗试验机Los Angeles abrasiontestingmachine压碎率试模crushing strength tester单斗挖掘机single-bucket excavator推土机bulldozer除根机rootdozer铲运机scraper平地机grader挖沟机trencher耕耘机cultivator松土机ripper松土搅拌机pulvi-mixer稳定土拌和机stabilizer凿岩机rock breaker碎石机stone crusher 碎石撒布机stone spreader装载机loader羊足压路机sheep—foot roller手扶式单轮压路机walk behind single drum蛙式打夯机frog rammer内燃夯实机internal comtustion compactor 铁夯(铁撞柱) tamping iron压路机roller振动压路机vibratory roller沥青加热器asphalt heater沥青泵asphalt pump沥青洒布机asphalt sprayer沥青洒布车asphalt distributor沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt mixing plant沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt paver散装水泥运输车cement deliver truck水泥混凝土混合料拌和设备concrete mixing plant (水泥混凝土混合料）搅拌运输车concrete delivertruck水泥混凝土混合料摊铺机concrete paver振捣器concrete vibrator水泥混凝土混合料整面机concrete finisher真空泵vacuum pump水泥混凝土路面切缝机concrete joint cutter水泥混凝土路面锯缝机concrete saw水泥混凝土路面清缝机concrete joint cleaner水泥混凝土路面填缝机concrete joint sealer水泵pump泥浆泵mud pump张拉钢筋油泵prestressed steel bar drawing oil pump 砂浆泵mortar pump水泥混凝土混合料泵concrete pump钢筋切断机bar shear钢筋冷轧机cold—rolling mill钢筋冷拉机steel stretcher钢筋冷拔机steel bar cold-extrudingmachine钢筋冷镦机steel bar heading press machine 钢筋拉伸机steel extension machine钢筋弯曲机steel bar bender钢筋调直机steel straighten machine对焊机butt welder钻孔机boring machine打桩机pile driver拔桩机pile extractor千斤顶jack张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶prestressed steel bar drawingjack手拉葫芦chain block起重葫芦hoisting block卷扬机hoister缆索吊装设备cableway erecting equipment 起重机crane架桥机bridge erection equipment砂筒sand cylinder盾构shield全气压盾构compressed air shield半盾构roof shield隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine全断面隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine for fullcection喷枪shotcrete equipment装碴机mucker盾构千斤顶main jack拉合千斤顶pull-in jacks复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer路面铣削机pavemill回砂车sand sweeping equipment除雪机snow plough装雪机snow loader洗净剂喷布车detergent spray truck清扫车sweeper洒水车water truck划标线机line maker振动筛vibrating screen撒布机spreader输送机conveyer提升机elevator翻斗车dump—body car自卸汽车dumping wagon牵引车tow truck拖车头tractor truck挂车trailer平板车flat truck工程车shop truck万能杆件fabricated universal steel members 交通规划traffic rules交通事故traffic accident交通事故率traffic accident rate人口事故率population accident rate车辆事故率vehicle accident rate运行事故率operating accident rate交通控制traffic control中央控制台central control unit点控制spot control线控制line control面控制area control交通信号traffic signal交通信号灯traffic signal lamp 信号周期signal cycle绿信比split ratio信号相位signal phase相位差phase difference 绿波green wave交通监视系统traffic surveillance 交通公害vehicular pollution。
轮胎英语常用词汇及轮胎术语1
陷型center-pente(CP)包边胶tie-in strip保留生产轮胎reserved old series of tyre层级ply rating层数number of plies常压轮胎atomospheric pressure tyre超低断面轮胎super low section tyre充气轮胎pneumatic tyre带束层belt导电实心轮胎conductive solid tyre低断面轮胎low section tyre调压轮胎adjustable inflation tyre定向花纹directional tread pattern断面高度section height断面宽度section width防擦线kerbing rib非粘结式实心轮胎pressed on solid tyre封口胶sealing rubber钢丝包胶wire covering钢丝圈bead ring高负荷实心轮胎high load capacity solid tyre高宽比（H/S）aspect ratio(H/S)隔离胶insulation rubber公路花纹highway tread pattern拱形轮胎arch tyre骨架材料framework material光胎面smooth tread海棉轮胎foam filled tyre横向花纹transverse pattern花纹沟groove花纹加强盘tie-bar of pattern花纹角度pattern angle花纹块pattern block花纹条pattern rib花纹纹深度pattern depth花纹细缝pattern sipe花纹展开图pattern plan缓冲层breaker缓冲胶片breaker strip混合花纹dual purpose tread pattern活胎面轮胎removable tread tyre浇注轮胎cast tyre抗静电实心轮胎anti-static solid tyre可选择的胎圈座轮廓bead seat optional contours宽基轮胎wide base tyre帘面层cord ply轮胎tyre(tire)轮胎标志tyre marking轮胎规格tyre size轮胎系列tyre series内衬层inside liner内胎inner tube内胎胎身tube body内支撑轮胎internal supporter tyre耐油实心轮胎oil-resistance solid tyre 平峰型flat hump(FH)普通断面轮胎conventional section tyre 密层innerliner屈挠区flexing area三角胶apex沙漠轮胎sand tyre实心轮胎solid tyre水胎curing bag速度符号speed symbol胎侧sidewall胎侧胶sidewall rubber胎冠crown胎肩shoulder胎肩垫胶shoulder wedge胎肩区shoulder area胎里tyre cavity胎面tread胎面过渡胶transition rubber of tread 胎面花纹tread pattern胎面基部tread base胎面基部胶tread slab base胎面磨耗标志tread wear indicator胎面行驶面tread cap胎圈bead胎圈包布chafer胎圈补强带bead reinforcing strip胎圈底部bead base胎圈外护胶bead filler rubber胎圈芯bead core胎圈座bead seat胎圈座角度beat seat angle胎圈座宽度bead seat width胎圈座圆角半径bead seat radius胎体carcass胎趾bead toe胎踵bead heel特殊座架special ledge(SL)凸峰型round hump(RH)椭圆形轮胎elliptical tyre外胎cover外直径overall diameter完带层cap ply无内胎轮胎tubeless tyre斜底实心轮胎conical base solid tyre斜交轮胎diagonal tyre新胎new tyre雪泥花纹mud and snow pattern有内胎轮胎tubed tyre圆柱实心轮胎cylindrical base solid tyre越野花纹cross-country tread pattern越野轮胎cross-country tyre粘结式实心轮胎cured on solid tyre胀大轮胎grown tyre装配线fitting line装饰胎侧decorative sidewall装饰线decorative rib子午线轮胎radial ply tyre自由半径free radius纵向花纹circumferential pattern轮胎术语Tyre terms本标准参照采用国际标准ISO3877／11978《轮胎、气门嘴和内胎术语对照表第一部分：轮胎》、ISO4223-1-1989《轮胎工业用的某些术语的定义第一部分：充气轮胎》。
公路工程专业词汇翻译(汉英)
公路highway道路road公路工程highway engineering公路网highway network公路网密度highway density公路等级highway classification公路自然区划climatic zoning for highway公路用地highway right—of-way高速公路freeway等级公路classified highway辅导relief road干线公路arterial highway支线公路feeder highway专用公路accomodation highway国家干线公路(国道) national trunk highway省级干线公路(省道）provincial trunk highway县公路（县道）county road乡公路（乡道) township road辐射式公路radial highway环形公路ring highway绕行公路bypass交通结构traffic structure交通组成traffic composition混合交通mixed traffic交通流traffic flow交通流理论traffic flow theory车流vehicle stream交通密度traffic density车头间距space headway车头时距time headway车间净距vehicular gap延误delay地点速度spot speed行驶速度running speed运行速度poerating speed临界速度critical speed平均速度average speed计算行车速度（设计车速）design speed交通量traffic volume年平均日交通量annual average daily traffic月平均日交通量monthly average daily traffic 年第30位最大小时交通量thirtieth highest annualhourly volume年最大小时交通量maximum annual hourly设计小时交通量design hourly volume通行能力traffic capacity基本通行能力basic traffic capacity可能通行能力possible traffic capacity设计通行能力design traffic capacity 道路服务水平level of service公路交通规划traffic planning交通调查traffic survey交通量调查traffic volume survey交通量观测站traffic volume observationstation起迄点调查（OD调查）origin-destination study 出行trip境内交通local traffic过境交通through traffic交通发生traffic generation交通分布traffic distribution交通分配traffic assignment交通预测traffic prognosis行车道carriageway分离式行车道divided carriageway车道lane变速车道speed-change lane加速车道acceleration lane减速车道deceleration lane爬坡车道climbing lane停车道parking lane错车道turn—out lane自行车道cycle path路侧人行道sidewalk分隔带lane seperator中央分隔带median divider中间带central strip路肩shoulder;verge路缘带marginal strip路缘石kerb；curb侧向余宽lateral clearance路拱camber；crown路拱横坡crown slope公路建筑限界clearance of highway公路路线highway route公路线形highway alignment平面线形horizontal alignment纵面线形vertical alignment线形要素alignment elements平曲线horizontal curve极限最小平曲线半径limited minimum radius ofhorizontal curve复曲线compound curve反向曲线reverse curve断背曲线broken—back curve回头曲线switch-back curve缓和曲线transition curve竖曲线vertical curve弯道加宽curve widening加宽缓和段transition zone of curve超高superelevation超高缓和段supere levation runoff纵坡longitudinal gradient最大纵坡maximum longitudinal gradient 最小纵坡minimum ongitudinal gradient 变坡点grade change point平均纵坡average gradiant坡长限制grade length limitation高原纵坡拆减highland grade compensation 缓和坡段transition grading zone合成坡度resultant gradent视距sight distance停车视距non-passing sight distance;stopping sight distance超车视距passing sight distance道路交叉road intersection；道口railroad grade crossing平面交叉at—grade intersection ；grade crossing正交叉right—angle intersection斜交叉skew intersection环形交叉rotary intersection十字形交叉“+”intersectionT形交叉T intersection错位交叉offset intersection;staggered junction Y形交叉Y intersection立体交叉grade separation分离式立体交叉simple grade separation,separategrade crossing互通式立体交叉interchange首蓿叶形立体交叉full cloverleaf interchange部分首蓿叶形立体交叉cloverleaf interchange菱形立体交叉diamond interchange定向式立体交叉directional interchange喇叭形立体交叉three-leg interchange环形立体交叉rotary interchange匝道ramp交叉口road crossing；intersection交叉口进口intersection entrance交叉口出口intersection exit加铺转角式交叉口intersection with widenedcorners拓宽路口式交叉口flared intersection分道转弯式交叉口channelized intersection渠化交通channelization交织weaving交织路段weaving section合流converging分流diverging 冲突点conflict point交通岛traffic island导流岛channe lization island中心岛central island安全岛refuge island沿线设施roadside facilities交通安全设施traffic safety device人行横道crosswalk人形地道pedestrian underpass人形天桥pedestrian overcrossing护栏guard fence防护栅guard fence，safety barrier 遮光栅anti-dizzling screen应急电话emergency telephone反光标志reflective sign反光路钮reflective button弯道反光镜traffic mirror道路交通标志road traffic sign警告标志warning sign禁令标志regulatory sign指示标志guide sign指路标志information sign辅助标志auxiliary sign可变信息标志changeable message sign路面标线pavement marking防雪设施snow protection facilities 防沙设施sands protection facilities 隔音墙acoustic barrier停车场parking area踏勘reconnaissance可行性研究feasibility study线形设计highway alignment design 公路景观设计highway landscape design 选线route selection路线控制点control point定线location比较线alternative line展线line development初测preliminary survey定测location survey地貌topographie fcature地物culture地形topography台地terrace垭口pass；saddle back平原区plain terrain微丘区rolling terrain重丘区hilly terrain山岭区mountainous terrain沿溪线valley line山脊线ridge line山坡线hill-side line越岭线ridge crossing line土方调配cut-fill transition土方调配图cut—fill transition program土方调配经济运距economical hauling distance导线traverse导线测量traverse survey中线center line中线测量center line survey施工测量construction survey竣工测量final survey(路线)平面图plan交点intersection point虚交点imaginary intersection point转点turning point转角intersection angle方位角azimuth angle象限角bearing方向角direction angle切线长tangent length曲线长curve length外（矢）距external secant测站instrument station测点observation point中桩center stake加桩additional stake护桩reference stake断链broken chainage水准测量levelling survey水准点bench mark绝对基面absolute datum高程elevation地面高程ground elevation设计高程designed elevation（路线)纵断面图profile中桩填挖高度cut and fill at center stake地形测量topographic survey基线base line地形图topographic map等高线contour line横断面测量cross—sectional survey横断面图cross-section坑探pit test钻探boring摄影测量photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerial photogrammetry地面立体摄影测量ground stereophoto grammetry 地面控制点测量ground control—point survey 航摄基线aerophoto base影像地图photographic map像片索引图（镶辑复照图）photo index航摄像片判读aerophoto interpretation 综合法测图planimatric photo全能法测图universal photo微分法测图differential photo像片镶嵌图photo mosaic路基subgrade路堤embankment路堑cutting半填半挖式路基part cut-partfill subgrade 台口式路基benched subgrade路基宽度width of subgrade路基设计高程design elevation of subgrade （路基)最小填土高度minimum height of fill边坡side slope边坡坡度grade of side slope（边）坡顶top of slope（边)坡脚toe of slope护坡道berm边坡平台plain stage of slope碎落台berm at the foot of cutting slope 护坡slope protection挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall横重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙cantilever retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall柱板式挡土墙column—plate retaining wall 锚杆式挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods 锚碇板式挡土墙anchored bulkhead retaining wall 石笼rock filled gabion抛石riprap路基排水subgrade drainage边沟side ditch截水沟intercepting ditch排水沟drainage ditch急流槽chute跌水drop water蒸发池evaporation pond盲沟blind drain渗水井seepage well透水路堤permeable embankment过水路面ford填方fill挖方cut借土borrow earth弃土waste取土坑borrow pit弃土堆waste bank回填土back-filling黄土loess软土soft soil淤泥mud泥沼moor泥炭peat盐渍土salty soil膨胀土expansive soil冻土frozen soil流砂quicksand软弱地基soft ground强夯法dynamic consolidation预压法preloading method反压护道loading berm砂井sand drain路基沙垫层sand mat of subgrade压实compaction压实度degree of compaction（标准）最大干容重maximum dry unit weight 相对密实度relative density毛细水capillary water土石方爆破blasting crater抛掷爆破blasting for throwing rock爆破漏斗blasting crater松动爆破blasting for loosening rock爆破作用圈acting cire les of blasting路面pavement弹性层状体系理论elastic multilayer theory（回弹)弯沉deflection加州承载比（CBR）California bearing ratio（CBR) 路面宽度width of pavement路槽road trough刚性路面rigid pavement柔性路面flexible pavement路面结构层pavement structure layer面层surface course磨耗层wearing course联结层binder course基层base course垫层bed course隔水层aquitard隔温层thermal insulating course封层seal coat透层prime coat保护层protection course补强层streng thening layer 高级路面high type pavement次高级路面sub-high type pavement中级路面intermediate type pavement 低级路面low type pavement水泥混凝土路面cement concrete pavement沥青路面bituminous pavement沥青混凝土路面bituminous concrete pavement 沥青碎石路面bituminous macadam pavement 沥青贯入碎（砾)石路面bituminous penetrationpavement沥青表面处治bituminous surface treatment 块料路面block pavement石块路面stone block pavement泥结碎石路面clay-bound macadam pavement 水结碎石路面water-bound macadam pavement 级配路面graded aggregate pavement稳定土基层stabilized soil base course工业废渣基层industrial waste base course块石基层telford base层铺法spreading in layers拌和法mixing method厂拌法plant mixing method路拌法road mixing method热拌法hot mixing method冷拌法cold mixing method贯入法penetration method铺砌法pitching method缩缝contraction joint胀缝expansion joint真缝true joint假缝dummy joint横缝transverse joint纵缝longitudinal joint施工缝construction joint传力杆dowel bar拉杆tie bar路面平整度surface evenness路面粗糙度surface roughness路面摩擦系数friction coefficient of pavement 附着力adhesive force水滑现象hydroplaning phenomenon桥梁bridge公路桥highway bridge公铁两用桥highway and rail transit bridge 人形桥pedestrian bridge跨线桥overpass bridge高架桥viaduct永久性桥permanent bridge半永久性桥semi-permanent bridge临时性桥temporary bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge钢桥steel bridge圬工桥masonry bridge木桥timber bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge弯桥curved bridge坡桥bridge on slope斜桥skew bridge正桥right bridge上承式桥deck bridge中承式桥half-through bridge下承式桥through bridge梁桥beam bridge简支梁桥simple supported team bridge 连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge联合梁桥composite beam bridge板桥slab bridge拱桥arch bridge双曲拱桥two—way curved arch bridge 空腹拱桥open spandrel arch bridge实腹拱桥filled spandrel arch bridge系杆拱桥bowstring arch bridge桁架桥truss bridge钢构桥rigid frame bridgeT形钢构桥T-shaped rigid frame bridge连续钢构桥continuous rigid frame bridge 斜腿钢构桥rigid frame bridge with inclinedlegs斜拉桥（斜张桥）cable stayed bridge悬索桥suspension bridge漫水桥submersible bridge浮桥pontoon bridge开启桥movable bridge装配式桥fabricated bridge装拆式钢桥fabricated steel bridge涵洞culvert管涵pipe culvert拱涵arch culvert箱涵box culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力式涵洞non-pressure culvert压力式涵洞pressure culvert半压力式涵洞partial pressure culvert倒虹吸涵siphon culvert上部结构superstructure 主梁main beam横梁floor beam纵梁longitudinal beam,stringer挂梁suspended beam拱圈arch，ring拱上结构spandrel structure腹拱spandrel arch拱上侧墙spandrel wall桥面系floor system,bridge decking桥面铺装bridge deck pavement伸缩缝expansion and contraction joint 桥面伸缩装置bridge floor expansion andcontraction installation安全带afety belt桥头搭板transition slab at bridge head下部结构substructure桥墩pier墩身pier body墩帽coping盖梁bent cap破冰体ice apron重力式桥墩gravity pier实体桥墩solid pier空心桥墩hollow pier柱式桥墩column pier排架桩墩pile bent pier柔性墩flexible pier制动墩braking pier单向推力墩single direction thrusted pier桥台abutment台身abutment body前墙front wall翼墙wing walls台帽coping锥坡conical slope耳墙wing wallsU形桥台U-shaped abutment八字形桥台flare wing wall abutment一字形桥台head wall abutment,straight abutment 重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment扶壁式桥台counterforted abutment锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead abutment 支撑式桥台supported type abutment地基subsoil加固地基consolidated subsoil天然地基natural subsoil基础foundation扩大基础spread foundation沉井基础open caission foundation管柱基础cylindrical shaft foundation桩基础pile poundation桩pile预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in—place concrete pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile承台bearing platform支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expansion bearing索塔cable bent tower索鞍cable saddle调治构造物regulating structure丁坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam桥位bridge site桥梁全长total length of bridge主桥main bridge引桥approach span跨径span桥涵计算跨径computed span桥涵净跨径clear span矢跨比rise span ratio计算矢高calculated rise of arch桥下净空clearance of span桥面净空clearance above bridge floor桥梁建筑高度construction height of bridge 荷载load永久荷载permanent load可变荷载variable load偶然荷载accidental load荷载组合loading combinations车辆荷载标准loading standard for design vchicle 设计荷载design load施工荷载construction load梁beam简支梁simple-supported beam连续梁continuous beam悬臂梁cantilever beam板slab拱arch桁架truss刚构rigid frame柱column强度strength刚度stiffness ，rigidity抗裂度crack resistance 稳定性stability位移displacement变形deformation挠度deflection预拱度camber流域catchment basin集水面积runoff area径流runoff水文测验hydrological survey河床river bed河槽river channel主槽main channel边滩side shoal河滩rlood land河床宽度bed width河槽宽度channel width过水断面discharge section水位water level最高（或最低)水位maximum（minimum)water level通航水位navigable water level设计水位design water level水面比降water surface slope河床比降gradient of river bed湿周weffed perimeter糙率coefficient of roughuess水力半径hydraulic radius水文计算hydrological computation设计流量designed discharge设计流速designed flow velocity行近流速approach velocity洪水调查floor survey洪水频率floor frequency设计洪水频率designed flood frequency潮汐河流tidal river悬移质suspended load推移质bed material load水力计算hydraulic computation水头water head冲刷scour桥下一般冲刷general scour under bridge桥墩（或墩台）局部冲刷local scour near pier自然演变冲刷natural scour冲刷系数coefficient of scouring淤积silting壅水back water流冰ice drift先张法pretensioning method后张法post—tensioning method缆索吊装法erection with cableway悬臂拼装法erection by protrusion悬臂浇筑法cast-in-place cantilever mathod 移动支架逐跨施工法span by span method纵向拖拉法erection by longtitudinal pullingmethod顶推法incremental launching method 转体架桥法construction by swing浮运架桥法erecting by floating顶入法jack-in method围堰cofferdam护筒pile casing隧道tunnel洞门tunnel portal衬砌tunnel lining明洞open cut tunnel围岩surrounding rork隧道建筑限界structural approach limit of runnels 明挖法open cut method矿山法mine tunnelling method盾构法shield tunneling method沉埋法(沉管法）lmmersed tunnel导坑heading隧道支撑tunnel support构件支撑element support喷锚支护lock bolt support with shotcrete 隧道通风tunnel ventilation隧道照明tunnel lighting养护maintenance定期养护periodical maintenance巡回养护patrol maintenance大中修周期maintenance period小修保养routine maintenance中修intermediate maintenance大修heavy maintenance改善工程road inprovement抢修emergency repair of road加固strengthening of structure回砂sand sweeping罩面overlay of pavement路面翻修pavement recapping路向补强pavement strengthening车辙rutting路面搓板surface corrugation路面网裂net—shaped cracking路面龟裂alligator cracking路面碎裂pavement spalling反射裂缝reflection crack路面坑槽pot holes 路面冻胀surface frost heave路面沉陷pavement depression路面滑溜surface slipperiness露骨suiface angularity啃边edge failure泛油bleeding拥包upheaval拱胀blow up错台faulting of slab ends错位slab staggering滑坡slide坍方land slide崩塌collapse碎落debris avalanche沉降settlement沉陷subsidence泥石流mud avalanche（振动)液化liquefaction翻浆frost boiling岩溶karst沙害sand hazard雪害snow hazard水毁washout好路率rate of good road养护质量综合值general tating of maintenancequality路容road appearance路况road condition路况调查road condition survey路政管理rlad administration民工建勤civilian labourers working onpublic project养路费toll of road maintenance养路道班maintenance gang粒料granular material集料(骨料）aggregate矿料mineral aggregate矿粉mineral powder砂sand砾石gravel砂砾sand gravel卵石cobble stone碎石broken stone，crushed stone片石rubble块石block stone料石dressed stone石屑chip工业废渣industrial solid waste结合料binder有机结合料organic binding agent沥青bitumen地沥青asphalt天然沥青natural asphalt石油沥青petroleum asphalt煤沥青coal tar乳化沥青emulsified bitumen氧化沥青oxidized asphalt路用沥青road bitumen无机结合料inorganic binding agent粉煤灰fly ash混合料mixture沥青混合料bituminous mixture沥青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete mixture 沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam mixture 沥青砂asphalt sand沥青膏asphalt mastic水泥砂浆cement mortar石灰砂浆lime mortar水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete mixture水泥混凝土cement concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete预应力（钢筋)混凝土prestressed concrete早强混凝土early strength concrete干硬性混凝土dry concrete贫混凝土lean concrete轻质混凝土light-wehght concrete纤维混凝土fibrous concrete外掺剂admixture减水剂water reducing agent加气剂air entraining agent早强剂early strength agent缓凝剂retarder钢筋steel bar预应力钢材prestressing steel高强钢丝high tensile steel wire钢铰线stranded steel wire冷拉钢筋cold—stretched steel bar冷拔钢丝cold—drawn steel wire高强螺栓high strength bolt空隙率porosity孔隙比void ratio粒径grain size颗粒组成grain composition细度fineness筛分sieve analysis级配gradation级配曲线grading curve最佳级配optimum gradation含水量water content 最佳含水量optimum water content稠度界限consistency limit液限liquid limit塑限plastic limit缩限shrinkage limit塑性指数plasticity index水泥标号cement mark水泥混凝土标号cement concrete mark水泥混凝土配合比proportioning of cement concrete 水灰比water cement ratio和易性workabillty坍落度slump硬化hardening水硬性hydraulicity气硬性air hardening离析segregation徐变creep老化ageing(沥青）稠度consistency （of bitumen）针入度penetration粘(滞)度viscosity软化点softening point延度ductility闪点flash point溶解度dissolubility热稳性hot stability水稳性water stability油石化asphalt-aggregate ratio含油率bitumen content压碎率rate of crushing磨耗率abrasiveness弹性模量modulus of elasticity回弹模量modulus of resilience劲度（模量) stiffness modulus模量比modulus ratio泊松比poisson’s ratio疲劳试验fatigue test劈裂试验splitting test三轴试验triaxial test击实试验compaction test触探试验cone penetration test弯沉试验deflection test环道试验circular track test承载板试验loading plate test透水性试验perviousness test车辙试验wheel tracking test马歇尔试验Marshall stability test压实度试验compactness test铺砂法sand patch method硬练胶砂强度试验earth-dry mortar strength –test 软练胶砂强度试验plastic mortar strength—test (水泥)安定性试验soundness test(of cement）击实仪compaction test equipment长杆贯入仪penetration test equipment承载板loading plate杠杆完沉仪beam lever deflectometer路面曲率半径测定仪surface—curvature apparatus 路面平整度测定仪viameter路面透水度测定仪surface permeameter五轮仪fifth-wheel tester制动仪skiddometer速度检测器speed detector万能试验机universal testing machine三轴(剪切）仪triaxial shear ratiotester加州承载比（CBR)测定仪California bearingratiotester标准筛standard sieves(沥青）针入度仪penetrometer(沥青)粘度仪viscosimeter(沥青）延度仪ductilometer(沥青）软化点仪(环—球法)softening pointtester(ringball method）闪点仪（开口杯式) flash point tester(open cupmethod）马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability apparatus (沥青混合料)抽提机bitumen extractor砂浆稠度仪mortar penetration tester坍落度圆锥筒slump cone标准工业粘度计standard concrete consistometer 饱和面干吸水率试模saturated-surface—duiedmoisture retention tester撞击韧度试验机impact toughness machine圆盘耐磨硬度试验机wear hardness machine狄法尔磨耗试验机Deval abrasion testing machine 洛杉矶磨耗试验机Los Angeles abrasiontestingmachine压碎率试模crushing strength tester单斗挖掘机single—bucket excavator推土机bulldozer除根机rootdozer铲运机scraper平地机grader挖沟机trencher耕耘机cultivator松土机ripper松土搅拌机pulvi-mixer稳定土拌和机stabilizer凿岩机rock breaker碎石机stone crusher 碎石撒布机stone spreader装载机loader羊足压路机sheep-foot roller手扶式单轮压路机walk behind single drum蛙式打夯机frog rammer内燃夯实机internal comtustion compactor 铁夯（铁撞柱）tamping iron压路机roller振动压路机vibratory roller沥青加热器asphalt heater沥青泵asphalt pump沥青洒布机asphalt sprayer沥青洒布车asphalt distributor沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt mixing plant沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt paver散装水泥运输车cement deliver truck水泥混凝土混合料拌和设备concrete mixing plant （水泥混凝土混合料）搅拌运输车concrete delivertruck水泥混凝土混合料摊铺机concrete paver振捣器concrete vibrator水泥混凝土混合料整面机concrete finisher真空泵vacuum pump水泥混凝土路面切缝机concrete joint cutter水泥混凝土路面锯缝机concrete saw水泥混凝土路面清缝机concrete joint cleaner水泥混凝土路面填缝机concrete joint sealer水泵pump泥浆泵mud pump张拉钢筋油泵prestressed steel bar drawing oil pump 砂浆泵mortar pump水泥混凝土混合料泵concrete pump钢筋切断机bar shear钢筋冷轧机cold—rolling mill钢筋冷拉机steel stretcher钢筋冷拔机steel bar cold-extrudingmachine钢筋冷镦机steel bar heading press machine 钢筋拉伸机steel extension machine钢筋弯曲机steel bar bender钢筋调直机steel straighten machine对焊机butt welder钻孔机boring machine打桩机pile driver拔桩机pile extractor千斤顶jack张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶prestressed steel bar drawingjack手拉葫芦chain block起重葫芦hoisting block卷扬机hoister缆索吊装设备cableway erecting equipment 起重机crane架桥机bridge erection equipment砂筒sand cylinder盾构shield全气压盾构compressed air shield半盾构roof shield隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine全断面隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine for fullcection喷枪shotcrete equipment装碴机mucker盾构千斤顶main jack拉合千斤顶pull-in jacks复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer路面铣削机pavemill回砂车sand sweeping equipment除雪机snow plough装雪机snow loader洗净剂喷布车detergent spray truck清扫车sweeper洒水车water truck划标线机line maker振动筛vibrating screen撒布机spreader输送机conveyer提升机elevator翻斗车dump—body car自卸汽车dumping wagon牵引车tow truck拖车头tractor truck挂车trailer平板车flat truck工程车shop truck万能杆件fabricated universal steel members 交通规划traffic rules交通事故traffic accident交通事故率traffic accident rate人口事故率population accident rate车辆事故率vehicle accident rate运行事故率operating accident rate交通控制traffic control中央控制台central control unit点控制spot control线控制line control面控制area control交通信号traffic signal交通信号灯traffic signal lamp 信号周期signal cycle绿信比split ratio信号相位signal phase相位差phase difference 绿波green wave交通监视系统traffic surveillance 交通公害vehicular pollution。
《双语材料翻译》
All ob jects, too ls, c ompon ents, andengin eerin g sys tem r equir e the useof ma teria ls to meet thei r pur poses.所有的物体,工具、元件、工程系统需要使用的材料来满足他们的目的。
The role of m ateri als h as be en su ffici ently impo rtant in t he pr ogres s ofcivil izati on so that theanthr opolo gists(人类学者） and hist orian s hav e ide ntifi ed ea rly c ultur es by thesigni fican t mat erial s.材料的作用已经足够重要的文明的进步使人类学家(人类学者)和历史学家已经鉴定出早期文化的重要材料The se in clude thestone, the bron ze, a nd th e iro n age's of thepast.这些包括石、铜,铁时代的过去。
Withimpro vemen ts in mate rials by t he ar tisan s（工匠） andtechn ologi sts a crosshist ory,it wa s pos sible to m ake i mprov ed pr oduct s.改进材料)和技术人员(工匠艺人跨越历史,才能够使改进的产品。
Tool s wer e mad e mor e ava ilabl e torelie ve to il; h omesweredesig ned f or mo re co mfort; wea ponsbecam e mor e des truct ion,vehic les a chiev ed lo ngerrange s andquic ker t ransp ort a nd ga ve mo re re ady a ccess to f ood,suppl ies,and e njoym ent.工具是更有效地减轻辛劳,你们的家园被设计为更多的安慰,变得更破坏、车辆武器更长寿范围和更快的运输和给更多的准备进入食物供给和享受。
英语翻译
Determination of Model Coefficients模型系数的测定Modified HN Model Coefficients修改HN模型系数Three hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures were used in this study, namely, a stone mastic asphalt (SMA) with a nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS) of 12.5 mm and two Superpave mixtures with 19 and 25 mm NMAS, respectively. The three mixtures are referred to as SMA 12.5, Superpave 19, and Superpave 25, respectively. An SBS modified PG 76-22 binder was used for the SMA 12.5 and Superpave 19 mixtures, whereas a neat PG 64-22 binder was used for the Superpave 25 mixture. All specimens were compacted by using a Superpave gyratory compactor and were cored and cut to a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 150 mm for testing. The test was performed in a stress-controlled compressive mode by following the general guidelines specified in AASHTO TP 62-07 (2007). Complex moduli were measured at five temperatures (4, 15, 25, 40, and 55°C) and seven frequencies (25, 20, 10, 5, 1, 0.5, and 0.1 Hz). The vertical load was adjusted for each testing condition to produce strain amplitudes of approximately 50–80 and to limit the total accumulated strain within 1,500. Three replicates were tested for each mixture. The dynamic modulus and phase angle were obtained from the tests by using the standard technique given in AASHTO TP 62-07 (2007). Detailed information about the material testing can be found in the study by Zhao and Bai (2007).模型系数的测定修改HN模型系数在这项研究中，使用三个热拌沥青混合料（HMA）的混合物，即一石沥青玛蹄脂（SMA）与标称最大骨料粒径为12.5毫米（NMAS）和两个分别为19和25毫米NMAS，Superpave的混合物。
《土木工程专业英语》段兵延第二版全书文章翻译
第一课土木工程学土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。
此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构，从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。
土木工程师建造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。
他们也建造私有设施，比如飞机场，铁路，管线，摩天大楼，以及其他设计用作工业，商业和住宅途径的大型结构。
此外，土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇，并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。
土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。
在1782年，英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。
自从那时起，土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师，尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。
领域。
因为包含范围太广，土木工程学又被细分为大量的技术专业。
不同类型的工程需要多种不同土木工程专业技术。
一个项目开始的时候，土木工程师要对场地进行测绘，定位有用的布置，如地下水水位，下水道，和电力线。
岩土工程专家则进行土力学试验以确定土壤能否承受工程荷载。
环境工程专家研究工程对当地的影响，包括对空气和地下水的可能污染，对当地动植物生活的影响，以及如何让工程设计满足政府针对环境保护的需要。
交通工程专家确定必需的不同种类设施以减轻由整个工程造成的对当地公路和其他交通网络的负担。
同时，结构工程专家利用初步数据对工程作详细规划，设计和说明。
从项目开始到结束，对这些土木工程专家的工作进行监督和调配的则是施工管理专家。
根据其他专家所提供的信息，施工管理专家计算材料和人工的数量和花费，所有工作的进度表，订购工作所需要的材料和设备，雇佣承包商和分包商，还要做些额外的监督工作以确保工程能按时按质完成。
贯穿任何给定项目，土木工程师都需要大量使用计算机。
计算机用于设计工程中使用的多数元件（即计算机辅助设计，或者CAD）并对其进行管理。
公路工程专业词汇翻译(汉英)
公路highway道路road公路工程highway engineering公路网highway network公路网密度highway density公路等级highway classification公路自然区划climatic zoning for highway公路用地highway right-of—way高速公路freeway等级公路classified highway辅导relief road干线公路arterial highway支线公路feeder highway专用公路accomodation highway国家干线公路(国道) national trunk highway省级干线公路（省道) provincial trunk highway县公路（县道) county road乡公路（乡道) township road辐射式公路radial highway环形公路ring highway绕行公路bypass交通结构traffic structure交通组成traffic composition混合交通mixed traffic交通流traffic flow交通流理论traffic flow theory车流vehicle stream交通密度traffic density车头间距space headway车头时距time headway车间净距vehicular gap延误delay地点速度spot speed行驶速度running speed运行速度poerating speed临界速度critical speed平均速度average speed计算行车速度(设计车速) design speed交通量traffic volume年平均日交通量annual average daily traffic月平均日交通量monthly average daily traffic 年第30位最大小时交通量thirtieth highest annualhourly volume年最大小时交通量maximum annual hourly设计小时交通量design hourly volume通行能力traffic capacity基本通行能力basic traffic capacity可能通行能力possible traffic capacity设计通行能力design traffic capacity 道路服务水平level of service公路交通规划traffic planning交通调查traffic survey交通量调查traffic volume survey交通量观测站traffic volume observationstation起迄点调查（OD调查）origin—destination study 出行trip境内交通local traffic过境交通through traffic交通发生traffic generation交通分布traffic distribution交通分配traffic assignment交通预测traffic prognosis行车道carriageway分离式行车道divided carriageway车道lane变速车道speed—change lane加速车道acceleration lane减速车道deceleration lane爬坡车道climbing lane停车道parking lane错车道turn—out lane自行车道cycle path路侧人行道sidewalk分隔带lane seperator中央分隔带median divider中间带central strip路肩shoulder;verge路缘带marginal strip路缘石kerb；curb侧向余宽lateral clearance路拱camber；crown路拱横坡crown slope公路建筑限界clearance of highway公路路线highway route公路线形highway alignment平面线形horizontal alignment纵面线形vertical alignment线形要素alignment elements平曲线horizontal curve极限最小平曲线半径limited minimum radius ofhorizontal curve复曲线compound curve反向曲线reverse curve断背曲线broken-back curve回头曲线switch-back curve缓和曲线transition curve竖曲线vertical curve弯道加宽curve widening加宽缓和段transition zone of curve超高superelevation超高缓和段supere levation runoff纵坡longitudinal gradient最大纵坡maximum longitudinal gradient 最小纵坡minimum ongitudinal gradient 变坡点grade change point平均纵坡average gradiant坡长限制grade length limitation高原纵坡拆减highland grade compensation 缓和坡段transition grading zone合成坡度resultant gradent视距sight distance停车视距non—passing sight distance；stopping sight distance超车视距passing sight distance道路交叉road intersection;道口railroad grade crossing平面交叉at—grade intersection ;grade crossing正交叉right-angle intersection斜交叉skew intersection环形交叉rotary intersection十字形交叉“+”intersectionT形交叉T intersection错位交叉offset intersection;staggered junction Y形交叉Y intersection立体交叉grade separation分离式立体交叉simple grade separation，separate grade crossing互通式立体交叉interchange首蓿叶形立体交叉full cloverleaf interchange部分首蓿叶形立体交叉cloverleaf interchange菱形立体交叉diamond interchange定向式立体交叉directional interchange喇叭形立体交叉three-leg interchange环形立体交叉rotary interchange匝道ramp交叉口road crossing；intersection交叉口进口intersection entrance交叉口出口intersection exit加铺转角式交叉口intersection with widenedcorners拓宽路口式交叉口flared intersection分道转弯式交叉口channelized intersection渠化交通channelization交织weaving交织路段weaving section合流converging分流diverging 冲突点conflict point交通岛traffic island导流岛channe lization island中心岛central island安全岛refuge island沿线设施roadside facilities交通安全设施traffic safety device人行横道crosswalk人形地道pedestrian underpass人形天桥pedestrian overcrossing 护栏guard fence防护栅guard fence,safety barrier 遮光栅anti—dizzling screen应急电话emergency telephone反光标志reflective sign反光路钮reflective button弯道反光镜traffic mirror道路交通标志road traffic sign警告标志warning sign禁令标志regulatory sign指示标志guide sign指路标志information sign辅助标志auxiliary sign可变信息标志changeable message sign 路面标线pavement marking防雪设施snow protection facilities 防沙设施sands protection facilities 隔音墙acoustic barrier停车场parking area踏勘reconnaissance可行性研究feasibility study线形设计highway alignment design 公路景观设计highway landscape design 选线route selection路线控制点control point定线location比较线alternative line展线line development初测preliminary survey定测location survey地貌topographie fcature地物culture地形topography台地terrace垭口pass；saddle back平原区plain terrain微丘区rolling terrain重丘区hilly terrain山岭区mountainous terrain沿溪线valley line山脊线ridge line山坡线hill-side line越岭线ridge crossing line土方调配cut—fill transition土方调配图cut-fill transition program土方调配经济运距economical hauling distance导线traverse导线测量traverse survey中线center line中线测量center line survey施工测量construction survey竣工测量final survey（路线)平面图plan交点intersection point虚交点imaginary intersection point转点turning point转角intersection angle方位角azimuth angle象限角bearing方向角direction angle切线长tangent length曲线长curve length外（矢）距external secant测站instrument station测点observation point中桩center stake加桩additional stake护桩reference stake断链broken chainage水准测量levelling survey水准点bench mark绝对基面absolute datum高程elevation地面高程ground elevation设计高程designed elevation（路线）纵断面图profile中桩填挖高度cut and fill at center stake地形测量topographic survey基线base line地形图topographic map等高线contour line横断面测量cross—sectional survey横断面图cross-section坑探pit test钻探boring摄影测量photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerial photogrammetry地面立体摄影测量ground stereophoto grammetry 地面控制点测量ground control—point survey 航摄基线aerophoto base影像地图photographic map像片索引图（镶辑复照图）photo index航摄像片判读aerophoto interpretation 综合法测图planimatric photo全能法测图universal photo微分法测图differential photo像片镶嵌图photo mosaic路基subgrade路堤embankment路堑cutting半填半挖式路基part cut-partfill subgrade 台口式路基benched subgrade路基宽度width of subgrade路基设计高程design elevation of subgrade (路基）最小填土高度minimum height of fill边坡side slope边坡坡度grade of side slope（边）坡顶top of slope（边）坡脚toe of slope护坡道berm边坡平台plain stage of slope碎落台berm at the foot of cutting slope 护坡slope protection挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall横重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙cantilever retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall柱板式挡土墙column-plate retaining wall 锚杆式挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods 锚碇板式挡土墙anchored bulkhead retaining wall 石笼rock filled gabion抛石riprap路基排水subgrade drainage边沟side ditch截水沟intercepting ditch排水沟drainage ditch急流槽chute跌水drop water蒸发池evaporation pond盲沟blind drain渗水井seepage well透水路堤permeable embankment过水路面ford填方fill挖方cut借土borrow earth弃土waste取土坑borrow pit弃土堆waste bank回填土back—filling黄土loess软土soft soil淤泥mud泥沼moor泥炭peat盐渍土salty soil膨胀土expansive soil冻土frozen soil流砂quicksand软弱地基soft ground强夯法dynamic consolidation预压法preloading method反压护道loading berm砂井sand drain路基沙垫层sand mat of subgrade压实compaction压实度degree of compaction(标准)最大干容重maximum dry unit weight相对密实度relative density毛细水capillary water土石方爆破blasting crater抛掷爆破blasting for throwing rock爆破漏斗blasting crater松动爆破blasting for loosening rock爆破作用圈acting cire les of blasting路面pavement弹性层状体系理论elastic multilayer theory（回弹)弯沉deflection加州承载比（CBR) California bearing ratio(CBR) 路面宽度width of pavement路槽road trough刚性路面rigid pavement柔性路面flexible pavement路面结构层pavement structure layer面层surface course磨耗层wearing course联结层binder course基层base course垫层bed course隔水层aquitard隔温层thermal insulating course封层seal coat透层prime coat保护层protection course补强层streng thening layer 高级路面high type pavement次高级路面sub-high type pavement中级路面intermediate type pavement 低级路面low type pavement水泥混凝土路面cement concrete pavement沥青路面bituminous pavement沥青混凝土路面bituminous concrete pavement 沥青碎石路面bituminous macadam pavement 沥青贯入碎(砾）石路面bituminous penetrationpavement沥青表面处治bituminous surface treatment 块料路面block pavement石块路面stone block pavement泥结碎石路面clay—bound macadam pavement水结碎石路面water—bound macadam pavement级配路面graded aggregate pavement稳定土基层stabilized soil base course工业废渣基层industrial waste base course块石基层telford base层铺法spreading in layers拌和法mixing method厂拌法plant mixing method路拌法road mixing method热拌法hot mixing method冷拌法cold mixing method贯入法penetration method铺砌法pitching method缩缝contraction joint胀缝expansion joint真缝true joint假缝dummy joint横缝transverse joint纵缝longitudinal joint施工缝construction joint传力杆dowel bar拉杆tie bar路面平整度surface evenness路面粗糙度surface roughness路面摩擦系数friction coefficient of pavement 附着力adhesive force水滑现象hydroplaning phenomenon桥梁bridge公路桥highway bridge公铁两用桥highway and rail transit bridge 人形桥pedestrian bridge跨线桥overpass bridge高架桥viaduct永久性桥permanent bridge半永久性桥semi-permanent bridge临时性桥temporary bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge钢桥steel bridge圬工桥masonry bridge木桥timber bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge弯桥curved bridge坡桥bridge on slope斜桥skew bridge正桥right bridge上承式桥deck bridge中承式桥half-through bridge下承式桥through bridge梁桥beam bridge简支梁桥simple supported team bridge 连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge联合梁桥composite beam bridge板桥slab bridge拱桥arch bridge双曲拱桥two-way curved arch bridge空腹拱桥open spandrel arch bridge实腹拱桥filled spandrel arch bridge系杆拱桥bowstring arch bridge桁架桥truss bridge钢构桥rigid frame bridgeT形钢构桥T-shaped rigid frame bridge连续钢构桥continuous rigid frame bridge 斜腿钢构桥rigid frame bridge with inclinedlegs斜拉桥（斜张桥) cable stayed bridge悬索桥suspension bridge漫水桥submersible bridge浮桥pontoon bridge开启桥movable bridge装配式桥fabricated bridge装拆式钢桥fabricated steel bridge涵洞culvert管涵pipe culvert拱涵arch culvert箱涵box culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力式涵洞non—pressure culvert压力式涵洞pressure culvert半压力式涵洞partial pressure culvert倒虹吸涵siphon culvert 上部结构superstructure主梁main beam横梁floor beam纵梁longitudinal beam，stringer挂梁suspended beam拱圈arch,ring拱上结构spandrel structure腹拱spandrel arch拱上侧墙spandrel wall桥面系floor system，bridge decking桥面铺装bridge deck pavement伸缩缝expansion and contraction joint 桥面伸缩装置bridge floor expansion andcontraction installation安全带afety belt桥头搭板transition slab at bridge head下部结构substructure桥墩pier墩身pier body墩帽coping盖梁bent cap破冰体ice apron重力式桥墩gravity pier实体桥墩solid pier空心桥墩hollow pier柱式桥墩column pier排架桩墩pile bent pier柔性墩flexible pier制动墩braking pier单向推力墩single direction thrusted pier桥台abutment台身abutment body前墙front wall翼墙wing walls台帽coping锥坡conical slope耳墙wing wallsU形桥台U-shaped abutment八字形桥台flare wing wall abutment一字形桥台head wall abutment,straight abutment 重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment扶壁式桥台counterforted abutment锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead abutment 支撑式桥台supported type abutment地基subsoil加固地基consolidated subsoil天然地基natural subsoil基础foundation扩大基础spread foundation沉井基础open caission foundation管柱基础cylindrical shaft foundation桩基础pile poundation桩pile预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast—in—place concrete pile 摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile承台bearing platform支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expansion bearing索塔cable bent tower索鞍cable saddle调治构造物regulating structure丁坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam桥位bridge site桥梁全长total length of bridge主桥main bridge引桥approach span跨径span桥涵计算跨径computed span桥涵净跨径clear span矢跨比rise span ratio计算矢高calculated rise of arch桥下净空clearance of span桥面净空clearance above bridge floor桥梁建筑高度construction height of bridge 荷载load永久荷载permanent load可变荷载variable load偶然荷载accidental load荷载组合loading combinations车辆荷载标准loading standard for design vchicle 设计荷载design load施工荷载construction load梁beam简支梁simple—supported beam连续梁continuous beam悬臂梁cantilever beam板slab拱arch桁架truss刚构rigid frame柱column强度strength刚度stiffness ，rigidity 抗裂度crack resistance稳定性stability位移displacement变形deformation挠度deflection预拱度camber流域catchment basin集水面积runoff area径流runoff水文测验hydrological survey河床river bed河槽river channel主槽main channel边滩side shoal河滩rlood land河床宽度bed width河槽宽度channel width过水断面discharge section水位water level最高（或最低）水位maximum（minimum)water level通航水位navigable water level设计水位design water level水面比降water surface slope河床比降gradient of river bed湿周weffed perimeter糙率coefficient of roughuess水力半径hydraulic radius水文计算hydrological computation设计流量designed discharge设计流速designed flow velocity行近流速approach velocity洪水调查floor survey洪水频率floor frequency设计洪水频率designed flood frequency潮汐河流tidal river悬移质suspended load推移质bed material load水力计算hydraulic computation水头water head冲刷scour桥下一般冲刷general scour under bridge桥墩(或墩台)局部冲刷local scour near pier自然演变冲刷natural scour冲刷系数coefficient of scouring淤积silting壅水back water流冰ice drift先张法pretensioning method后张法post—tensioning method缆索吊装法erection with cableway悬臂拼装法erection by protrusion悬臂浇筑法cast—in-place cantilever mathod移动支架逐跨施工法span by span method纵向拖拉法erection by longtitudinal pullingmethod顶推法incremental launching method 转体架桥法construction by swing浮运架桥法erecting by floating顶入法jack-in method围堰cofferdam护筒pile casing隧道tunnel洞门tunnel portal衬砌tunnel lining明洞open cut tunnel围岩surrounding rork隧道建筑限界structural approach limit of runnels 明挖法open cut method矿山法mine tunnelling method盾构法shield tunneling method沉埋法（沉管法) lmmersed tunnel导坑heading隧道支撑tunnel support构件支撑element support喷锚支护lock bolt support with shotcrete 隧道通风tunnel ventilation隧道照明tunnel lighting养护maintenance定期养护periodical maintenance巡回养护patrol maintenance大中修周期maintenance period小修保养routine maintenance中修intermediate maintenance大修heavy maintenance改善工程road inprovement抢修emergency repair of road加固strengthening of structure回砂sand sweeping罩面overlay of pavement路面翻修pavement recapping路向补强pavement strengthening车辙rutting路面搓板surface corrugation路面网裂net-shaped cracking路面龟裂alligator cracking路面碎裂pavement spalling反射裂缝reflection crack 路面坑槽pot holes路面冻胀surface frost heave路面沉陷pavement depression路面滑溜surface slipperiness露骨suiface angularity啃边edge failure泛油bleeding拥包upheaval拱胀blow up错台faulting of slab ends错位slab staggering滑坡slide坍方land slide崩塌collapse碎落debris avalanche沉降settlement沉陷subsidence泥石流mud avalanche(振动)液化liquefaction翻浆frost boiling岩溶karst沙害sand hazard雪害snow hazard水毁washout好路率rate of good road养护质量综合值general tating of maintenancequality路容road appearance路况road condition路况调查road condition survey路政管理rlad administration民工建勤civilian labourers working onpublic project养路费toll of road maintenance养路道班maintenance gang粒料granular material集料（骨料）aggregate矿料mineral aggregate矿粉mineral powder砂sand砾石gravel砂砾sand gravel卵石cobble stone碎石broken stone,crushed stone片石rubble块石block stone料石dressed stone石屑chip工业废渣industrial solid waste结合料binder有机结合料organic binding agent沥青bitumen地沥青asphalt天然沥青natural asphalt石油沥青petroleum asphalt煤沥青coal tar乳化沥青emulsified bitumen氧化沥青oxidized asphalt路用沥青road bitumen无机结合料inorganic binding agent粉煤灰fly ash混合料mixture沥青混合料bituminous mixture沥青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete mixture 沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam mixture 沥青砂asphalt sand沥青膏asphalt mastic水泥砂浆cement mortar石灰砂浆lime mortar水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete mixture水泥混凝土cement concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete预应力（钢筋）混凝土prestressed concrete早强混凝土early strength concrete干硬性混凝土dry concrete贫混凝土lean concrete轻质混凝土light-wehght concrete纤维混凝土fibrous concrete外掺剂admixture减水剂water reducing agent加气剂air entraining agent早强剂early strength agent缓凝剂retarder钢筋steel bar预应力钢材prestressing steel高强钢丝high tensile steel wire钢铰线stranded steel wire冷拉钢筋cold-stretched steel bar冷拔钢丝cold-drawn steel wire高强螺栓high strength bolt空隙率porosity孔隙比void ratio粒径grain size颗粒组成grain composition细度fineness筛分sieve analysis级配gradation级配曲线grading curve最佳级配optimum gradation 含水量water content最佳含水量optimum water content稠度界限consistency limit液限liquid limit塑限plastic limit缩限shrinkage limit塑性指数plasticity index水泥标号cement mark水泥混凝土标号cement concrete mark水泥混凝土配合比proportioning of cement concrete 水灰比water cement ratio和易性workabillty坍落度slump硬化hardening水硬性hydraulicity气硬性air hardening离析segregation徐变creep老化ageing(沥青)稠度consistency (of bitumen)针入度penetration粘(滞)度viscosity软化点softening point延度ductility闪点flash point溶解度dissolubility热稳性hot stability水稳性water stability油石化asphalt-aggregate ratio含油率bitumen content压碎率rate of crushing磨耗率abrasiveness弹性模量modulus of elasticity回弹模量modulus of resilience劲度（模量）stiffness modulus模量比modulus ratio泊松比poisson's ratio疲劳试验fatigue test劈裂试验splitting test三轴试验triaxial test击实试验compaction test触探试验cone penetration test弯沉试验deflection test环道试验circular track test承载板试验loading plate test透水性试验perviousness test车辙试验wheel tracking test马歇尔试验Marshall stability test压实度试验compactness test铺砂法sand patch method硬练胶砂强度试验earth—dry mortar strength–test软练胶砂强度试验plastic mortar strength—test （水泥）安定性试验soundness test(of cement）击实仪compaction test equipment长杆贯入仪penetration test equipment承载板loading plate杠杆完沉仪beam lever deflectometer路面曲率半径测定仪surface—curvature apparatus 路面平整度测定仪viameter路面透水度测定仪surface permeameter五轮仪fifth—wheel tester制动仪skiddometer速度检测器speed detector万能试验机universal testing machine三轴(剪切)仪triaxial shear ratiotester加州承载比（CBR)测定仪California bearingratiotester标准筛standard sieves(沥青）针入度仪penetrometer(沥青）粘度仪viscosimeter（沥青)延度仪ductilometer(沥青)软化点仪（环-球法)softening pointtester（ringball method）闪点仪(开口杯式）flash point tester（open cupmethod）马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability apparatus （沥青混合料)抽提机bitumen extractor砂浆稠度仪mortar penetration tester坍落度圆锥筒slump cone标准工业粘度计standard concrete consistometer 饱和面干吸水率试模saturated—surface—duiedmoisture retention tester撞击韧度试验机impact toughness machine圆盘耐磨硬度试验机wear hardness machine狄法尔磨耗试验机Deval abrasion testing machine 洛杉矶磨耗试验机Los Angeles abrasiontestingmachine压碎率试模crushing strength tester单斗挖掘机single—bucket excavator推土机bulldozer除根机rootdozer铲运机scraper平地机grader挖沟机trencher耕耘机cultivator松土机ripper松土搅拌机pulvi-mixer稳定土拌和机stabilizer 凿岩机rock breaker碎石机stone crusher碎石撒布机stone spreader装载机loader羊足压路机sheep-foot roller手扶式单轮压路机walk behind single drum蛙式打夯机frog rammer内燃夯实机internal comtustion compactor 铁夯（铁撞柱）tamping iron压路机roller振动压路机vibratory roller沥青加热器asphalt heater沥青泵asphalt pump沥青洒布机asphalt sprayer沥青洒布车asphalt distributor沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt mixing plant沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt paver散装水泥运输车cement deliver truck水泥混凝土混合料拌和设备concrete mixing plant (水泥混凝土混合料)搅拌运输车concrete delivertruck水泥混凝土混合料摊铺机concrete paver振捣器concrete vibrator水泥混凝土混合料整面机concrete finisher真空泵vacuum pump水泥混凝土路面切缝机concrete joint cutter水泥混凝土路面锯缝机concrete saw水泥混凝土路面清缝机concrete joint cleaner水泥混凝土路面填缝机concrete joint sealer水泵pump泥浆泵mud pump张拉钢筋油泵prestressed steel bar drawing oil pump 砂浆泵mortar pump水泥混凝土混合料泵concrete pump钢筋切断机bar shear钢筋冷轧机cold-rolling mill钢筋冷拉机steel stretcher钢筋冷拔机steel bar cold-extrudingmachine钢筋冷镦机steel bar heading press machine 钢筋拉伸机steel extension machine钢筋弯曲机steel bar bender钢筋调直机steel straighten machine对焊机butt welder钻孔机boring machine打桩机pile driver拔桩机pile extractor千斤顶jack张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶prestressed steel bar drawingjack手拉葫芦chain block起重葫芦hoisting block卷扬机hoister缆索吊装设备cableway erecting equipment 起重机crane架桥机bridge erection equipment砂筒sand cylinder盾构shield全气压盾构compressed air shield半盾构roof shield隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine全断面隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine for fullcection喷枪shotcrete equipment装碴机mucker盾构千斤顶main jack拉合千斤顶pull-in jacks复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer路面铣削机pavemill回砂车sand sweeping equipment除雪机snow plough装雪机snow loader洗净剂喷布车detergent spray truck清扫车sweeper洒水车water truck划标线机line maker振动筛vibrating screen撒布机spreader输送机conveyer提升机elevator翻斗车dump-body car自卸汽车dumping wagon牵引车tow truck拖车头tractor truck挂车trailer平板车flat truck工程车shop truck万能杆件fabricated universal steel members 交通规划traffic rules交通事故traffic accident交通事故率traffic accident rate人口事故率population accident rate车辆事故率vehicle accident rate运行事故率operating accident rate交通控制traffic control中央控制台central control unit点控制spot control线控制line control面控制area control 交通信号traffic signal交通信号灯traffic signal lamp信号周期signal cycle绿信比split ratio信号相位signal phase相位差phase difference 绿波green wave交通监视系统traffic surveillance 交通公害vehicular pollution。
交通行业中英术语电子词典征集词汇数据
交通行业中英术语电子词典征集词汇数据BBit 钻头Bit Per Second bps 每秒传输的位数Bitumen 沥青Bituminous Joint Fillers 沥青接缝填充料Bituminous Material 沥青材料Bituminous Overlay 沥青封层Bituminous Pavement Road 沥青铺路Bituminous Penetration Macadam 灌入式沥青路面Bituminous Pressure Distributor 沥青压力散布机Bituminous Sand Slurry 沥青沙浆Bituminous Surface Treatment 沥青表面处理Bituminous Water Proof Coating 沥青防水层Bituminous Treated Base BTB 沥青处理底层Bituminous Treated Sand Gravel 沥青处理砂砾Black-Hole Effect 黑洞效应Balance Cut and Fill 挖填之平衡Blast 开炸Blast Pad 喷气防护坪Blasting Method 炸移法Bleeding 路面冒油Blight proof courses 病虫害防治Blood alcohol concentration 血液中酒精浓度Blown Asphalt 吹制沥青Boiling 砂涌Bonding Agent 黏着剂Bore 钻凿Bored pile 钻掘桩Borehole 钻孔Boring 钻探Boring log 钻孔柱状图Boring machine 钻机Boring Rod 钻杆Boring-core 钻孔岩心Borrow 借土；借方Borrow area 借土区Borrow Pit 借土坑；取土坑Bottle neck control 瓶颈路段（地点）管制法Bottle Neck Road 瓶颈段；瓶颈路Bottleneck 瓶颈Bottom Course 底层Bottom Flange 下翼绿Boulder 卵石Box caisson 沉箱；箱式沉箱；匣式沉箱Box Culvert 箱涵；箱形涵洞Box Drain 水沟渠；匣形沟渠Box girder 箱形梁Bracing 支撑Bracket / Chassis 拖架Brake failure, Defective brake 煞车失灵Brake light 煞车灯Brake Reaction time 煞车反应时间；制动反应时间Braking Distance 剎车视距（停车视距）Braking system 煞车系统Branch and Bound Algorithm 分枝界定法Breakdowns 故障Breaking of Emulsion 乳化沥青黏结Breaking Wave 碎波Breakaway 脱离式接头Breath alcohol concentration 呼气酒精含量Brick Pavement 砖铺路面；砖铺面Brick Pavement Road 砖铺路Brick Road 砖面路Bridge 桥梁Bridge Abutment 桥台Bridge Approach 桥粱引道Bridge bearing 桥支承Bridge deck 桥面板Bridge deck/floor 桥面Bridge expansion joint 桥面伸缩缝Bridge floor 桥面Bridge head 桥塔Bridge inspection 桥梁检测Bridge Management System 桥梁管理系统Bridge pier 桥墩Bridge railing 桥栏杆Bridge span 桥跨Brightness 照杜；辉杜；明亮度Brightness contrast 辉度对照比Brittle fracture 碎裂Brittleness 脆性；脆度Gravel Road 碎石路Broken Stone Surface 碎石路面Broken-back Curve 断背曲线Broken-Beach Grade Line 破背坡度线Benkelman Beam 柯曼梁Buckling 挫屈；路面拱起Budget 预算经费Budgetary estimate 经费概算Buffer 缓冲剂；缓冲器Buffer buildings 缓冲建筑物Buffer distance 缓冲距离Buffer reach 缓冲段Buffer time 缓冲时间Buffer zone 缓冲带Building Code 建筑规刖；建筑法规Building Coverage Ratio 建蔽率；建筑面积比Building Line 建筑线Built-in Parking Facilities 建筑物附设停车空间Bulb Type 球状Bulk Density 虚松体密度Bulk Specific Gravity 松比重；容积比重；虚比重Bulkhead 隔墙；天窗；驳岸；隔舱Bull Dozer 堆土机Bulldozer 推土机Bulldozer Blade 刮刀Bullet-nose 弹头尖端式Bullet-nose Form 弹头式Bumper 保险杆Bundle method 光束法Bureau of Public Road (renamed to FHWA) 美国联邦公路局Bus 大客车Bus Bay 公车湾Bus company 公车公司Bus driver 公车驾驶员Bus driving 公车运行Bus Exclusive Lane 公车专用道Bus fare 公车费率Bus Lane 公车专用车道Bus management information system 公车管理信息系统Bus network 公车路网Bus Operating Rate/Bus Dispatching Rate 出车率Bus operation 公车营运Bus operation management 公车营运管理Bus parking area 大客车停车场Bus Rapid Transit 公车捷运Bus ridership 公车运量Bus route 公车路线Bus route inquiring system 公车路线查询系统Bus scheduling 公车排班Bus speed limits 公车速限Bus station 公车停靠站Bus stop spacing 公车站距Bus Street 公车专用街道Bus system design 公车系统设计Bus system, Bus transit system, Public bus system 公车系统Bus Terminal 公车终站；公车总站；公车场站Bus transportation 公车运输Bus, Public bus 公共汽车Buses 大客革Bush hammering 粗面石工Business District 商业区Business Vehicle 营业车辆Bus-Kilometer 客车行驶里程Busway 公车专用道Butt Joint 平头接缝Button reflector 反光钮Buttressed Wall 外支墙Buttressed Abutment 撑式桥台墙Buttressed Retaining Wail 外支式挡土墙Bypass highway 绕越公路Bypass road 外环道Bypass route 绕道路线Bypass Street 绕越街Bypassing Traffic 绕越交通Bystreet 支街C-- CCab Signal 车厢号志Cab, Taxi 出租车Cable Car, Cableway 空中缆车Cable stayed bridge 斜桥；斜索桥Cable Suspension Bridge 索桥Caboose 车务员专用车Cadastral map 地籍图Cadastral Survey 地籍测量California Bearing Ratio CBR 加州乘载力比Canal Aqueduct 输水桥Canal Bridge 渠桥Canal Tunnel 输水隧道Cancellation 注销Candle (Candle Power) Cd, Cp 单位：烛光Cantilever Bridges 悬臂式桥梁Cantilever method 悬臂工法Cantilever retaining wall 悬臂挡土墙Cantilever type retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙Cap 桩帽；雷管（俗）Capacitated arc routing problem 容量限制弦路径车辆行驶问题Capacitated freight distribution 零担货物运输Capacity 容量；涵容性Capacity analysis 容积分析Capacity and level of service analysis 容量与服务水准分析Capacity constraint, Capacity restriction 容量限制Capacity estimation 容量估计Capacity limitation 容量极限值Capacity model 容量模式Capacity of Bus Line 公车路线容量Capacity reduction factor, Strength reduction factor 强度折减因子Capacity utilization 容量使用率Capillary Lift 毛管水升高度；毛细管水升高度Capillarity 毛细管作用；毛细管现象Captive Riders 无自由选择的乘客Captive Transit Rider 大众运输固有使用者Car accident, Traffic accident 交通事故Car accreditation system 车辆认证制度Car body 车体Car detector, Vehicular detector 车辆侦测器Car following model 跟车模式；自动跟车系统Car navigation system 汽车导向系统Car Ownership 汽车持有；汽车持有权Car Pooling, Carpool 汽车共乘Car, Vehicle 车辆Carbon Dioxide CO2 二氧化碳Carphone 车用Car-Rental Carrier 小客车租赁业Carriage 马车Carrier wave 载波Casing 套管Cast stone 人造石Cast-in-place pile 场铸桩Cast-in-place (CIP) Concrete 场铸混凝土Casualty 伤亡Catalog Service Interface Specification 目录服务接口规Catch Basin 集水井；截流井Catch Drain 排水沟；截水沟Catch Feeder 灌溉水道Cathodic method 阴极防锈法Cationic Asphalt Emulsions 阳离子乳化沥青Caution Light 警告灯Caution Sign 警告标；警告标志Caution Signal 注意信号；警告号志Cavitations 孔蚀现象；穴蚀现象Concrete Pavement 混凝土路面Critical Speed 临界速率Cement Grout 灌水泥浆；水泥灌喷枪Cement grouting 水泥灌浆Cement mortar 水泥砂浆Cement Paste 水泥浆Cement Treated Sand Gravel 水泥处理砂砾Cencrete Cribbing 框式混凝土挡土墙Census 普查Center Frog k形岔心Center Island 中央岛Center Line 中线；中心线Center Line Lane 中心车道；中央车道Center Line Marking 中心标线Center Platform (Island Platform) 岛式站台Center Span 中央跨孔Center(line) stake 中心桩Centerline 中心线Center-to-Center C2C 中心与中心Center-to-Field C2F 中心与现场Central Business District CBD 中心商业区Central corridor system 中央走廊系统Central Cross-Island Highway, East-West Cross-Island Highway 中横公路Central Divider 中央分向岛Central Island 分隔岛；中央岛；分向岛Central Mixing Plant 中央拌合厂Central projection 中心投影Central Shopping area 中央商业区Centralized Control System 集中式控制系统Centralized Traffic Control CTC 中央行车控制法Centrifugal force 离心力Centrifuge Cup 离心杯Centrifuge Kerosene Equivalent CKE 离心煤油当量法Certification, Accreditation 认证；核准Change License 换照Change of Registration 变更登记Changeable Message Sign, Variable Message Sign CMS 信息可变标志Changeable Speed Limit Sign CSLS 速限可变标志Changing Lane 变换车道Channel 槽道Channelized Intersection 槽化交叉Channelization 槽化Channelization island 槽化岛Channelized Intersection 槽化式交叉；槽化路口Channelizing Island 槽化岛Channelizing Line 槽化线；检核点Characteristic Deflection 代表性挠度Character arrangement 文字排列方式Character size 文字尺寸Charging system 收费系统Charter Bus 专用游览车Check Point 检核点Check Valve 逆止阀Chemical grouting 药液灌浆Chevron of divergence 分流式山形条纹Chevron of mergence 并流式山形条纹Chevron strip 山形条纹Chief Engineer 总工程司Child pick-up area 家长接送区Children-only Bus 幼童专用车Chinese road sign 中文道路标志Chord 弦；弦杆Chord Length 弦长Chute 竖槽；陡槽；吊沟Circle 周期Circle/Roundabout 圆环Circuit 环道（测）；（电）Circuit-switched Public Data Network CSPDN 线路交换公众数据网络Circular Arch 圆拱；弧拱Circular Curve 圆曲线；单曲线；圆弧曲线Circular failure 圆弧型破坏Circular green light 圆形绿灯Circular rod level 圆盒水准器Circular sliding surface 圆弧滑动面Circulation 通风；交通Circulation Map 交通图Circulation system 转乘系统Circumferential street (road) 外环（环状）道路City Bus 市区公共汽车City Planning 都市计画City Planning Commission 都市计画委员会City Planning Law 都市计画法City Rebuilding 都市重建City Transit 都市大众运输Clamshell 抓式挖土机Classification Count 分类调查Classification of road 道路分类Classification of Soil 土壤分类Clear distance 净距Clear height 净空高Clear Span 净跨距Clear Zone 清除区Clearance 净距Clearance Height 净高Clearance Lost Time 清道损失时间Clearance time 清道时间Climate Conditions 气候情况Climbing Lane 爬坡道．爬坡车道Clinker 溶块Close Network 封闭网络Close System Toll Station 封闭制收费站Close Tunnel 隧道区Closed Circuit Television Camera CCTV 闭路电视摄影机Closed Loop 封闭环路Closed Network 网络系统Closed traverse 闭合导线Clothoid Curve (Clothide) 螺旋曲线；克罗梭曲线；罗线形曲线Clover Leaf Interchange 四叶形交流道；苜蓿叶形交流道CO Detector 一氧化碳侦测器Coarse Aggregate 粗粒料；粗骨材Code 规；数值Coefficient of friction, Friction coefficient, Frictional coefficient 摩擦系数Coefficient of Kinenatic Viscosity 动黏滞系数Coefficient of kurtosis 峰度系数Coefficient of Side Friction 侧犘擦系数Coefficient of Subgrade 路基抗力系数Cofferdam 围堰Coefficient of Utilitization CU 照明率Cohesion 凝聚力；黏力；黏结力Cohesion of soil 土壤之凝聚力Cohesive value 凝聚值Cold-Mix Asphalt Concrete 泠拌沥青混凝土Collector Ditch 集水沟Collector Road 连络道路Collector Street 联络道路Collector-distributor Roads 集散道Collision 冲撞；碰撞Collision Accident 碰撞事故Collision area 碰撞区Collision diagram 碰撞图；相横示意因Collision Warning Systems 碰撞预警系统Color Light Signal 色灯号志Color contrast 色彩对比Color quality 光色品质Combination Truck Tractor-trailer 联结车Commercial Center 商业中心Commercial District 商业区Commerical Driver\'s License CDL 大型车辆驾照（16人以上）Commercial Fleet Management 商用车队管理Commercial Motor Vehicle CMV 商业用车Commercial Speed 商业运转速率Commercial Traffic 商车交通量Commercial Vehicle Electronic Credential Management 商用车辆电子凭证管理Commercial Vehicle Operating System 商用车营运系统Commercial Vehicle Operations CVO 商车营运系统Commercial Vehicle Operations Services CVOS 商车营运服务Commodity 商品Community Center 杜区中心Community Planning 社区规画Commuter 通勤者Commuter Rate 回数费率Commuter Rail, Commuter Train 通勤火车Commuting Distance 通勤距离Compacted Subgrade 压实路基Compaction 夯实；压实Compaction effort 夯实能量Compatibility 兼容性Compensation 征收补偿Compensation for Damage 损失赔偿Compensation for the land price 地价补偿Complementary Route 补充路线Complex intersection 复合适交叉路口Composite Beam 合成粱；复合粱Composition of Traffic 交通组成Compound Curve 复曲线Comprehensive 整体性Comprehensive parking program 综合性停车计画Comprehensive Planning 综合性计画Compressibility of Soil 土壤压缩性Compression 压缩；压力Compression Stress 压应力Compressive Strength 抗压强度Compulsory Purchase 征收Computer signal 计算机号志Computer signal lamp system 计算机号志系统Computer-Aided Dispatching System 计算机辅助派车系统Computerized traffic signal system 计算机化号志系统Concave 凹Concave Bank 凹岸Concave curve 凹形曲线Concave Joint 四缝Concave-convex 凹凸形Concentrated load 集中荷重Concentration time 集流时间Concentric opposed plane helical ramp 同心反向螺旋状匝道Concrete 混凝土Concrete barrier (New Jersey) 纽泽西（混凝土）护栏Concrete islands 混凝土交通岛Concrete joint 混凝土接缝Concrete Mixing 混凝拌合机Concrete Overlays 混凝土路面加铺Concrete pavement 混凝土铺面Cone 交通锥Cone of acute vision 明晰视锥角Cone of glance area 瞥视锥角围Cone of sight 视锥角Conflict 冲突Conflict analysis 冲突分析Conflict Area 冲突区域Conflict lane change 冲突性变换车道Conflict management 冲突管理Conflict point 冲突点Congestion 拥挤Congestion degree 拥挤度Congestion delay 拥挤延滞Congestion dummy variable 拥挤虚拟变量Congestion pricing 拥挤定价Congestion Time 拥挤时间Congestion toll 拥挤费Conical Surface 圆锥面Connecting Road 连络公路Connector 连接道路Consistency 稠度Consolidation 压实；固结；压密Consolidation Rate 压密率Construction Contract 工程合约Construction Joint 施工接缝Construction Load 施工道路Construction Planning 施工计画Construction Sign 施工标志Construction Specification 施工规Construction/Maintenance Zone 施工维修区Contact detector 接触式侦测器Contact strip 接触带Container Packing Shed 货柜并装通栈Container parking area 联结车停车场Container Trucking Carrier 货柜运输业Continuous Mixing Plant 连绩式拌合厂Continuous move-up operation 连续跟进行为Continuous Station 长期观测站Continuous Volume-count Program 长期持续**通量调查Continuously reinforced concrete pavement CRCP 连续钢筋混凝土路面Continuous-Mix Plant 连续式拌合厂Contour Interval 等高线间隔；等高距Contour Line 等高线Contour Map 等高线图Contours 等高线Contract 契约Contract Change Order 契约变更通知Contraction Joint 收缩接缝Contractor 承包商Contraflow bus lane 逆向公车专用道Contributing area 集水面积Control Count 控制量交通调查Control of Access 出入管制Control point comparison 控制点比较法Control points 控制点Control Radius 控制半径Control section 管制路段Control span 控制限制Control Station 控制站Control strategy, Regulation strategy 管制策略Control survey, Control surveying 控制测量Controlled Access Highway 出入管制公路Controller 控制器Controlling Load 控制轮重Convenience store 贩卖区Conventional Roundabout 传统圆环Conventional Simulcast Radio System 同频发射共波式无线系统Converted traffic 转乘交通量Convex Function 凸函数Convex Joint 凸接缝Conveyer 输送机Conviction 违规Convoy 车队Cooperative Planning 合作规划Coordinate scheduling 协调排班Coordinated control 连锁控制Coordinated Control Signal 连锁控制号志Capital Cost 公路资本Cordon Count 周界交通量调查；圈交通量调查Cordon Line 区域线；周界线Corridor 交通通廊Corridor Control 通廊控制Cost of Service 服务成本Count-down pedestrian signal 行人倒数计时显示器Counter flow 对向车流Counter map 等量线图Counter Wall 等高线Country road 乡道Courier service 快递服务Covered Conduit 暗渠Covered Ditch 加盖暗沟Crack Spacing 裂纹间距Crash 冲撞；碰撞Crawling lane 爬坡道Creep 潜变Crest Vertical Curve 凸形竖曲线Crew scheduling 人员排程Crib retaining wall 框条式挡土墙Critical bottleneck 关键瓶颈Critical gap 临界间距Critical Length of Grade 披道临界长度Critical Path 要径Critical Path Method CPM 要径法Critical Point 临界点Critical rate of flow 临界流率Critical Slope 临界坡度Critical speed 临界速度Critical Zone 临界区Crop 露头Cross road 十字路口；交叉路；十字路Cross Section 断面；横断面；截面Cross Slope 横向坡度Cross walk 行人穿越道Crossing 穿越Crossing facility 穿越设施Crossing maneuver 交叉穿越运行Crossing point 交会点Crossing rate 穿越率Crosswalk Line 行人穿越道线Crowding 拥挤Crown 路拱；路冠Crown Ditch 坡顶截流沟Crown line 路拱线Crude Oil 原油Cruise control 自动控速Crusher 碎石机Cubic Parabola 二次拋物线Cul-De-Sac 死巷Culvert 涵洞；箱涵Curb 缘石；路边石；护角Curb Bus Lane 设于路缘之公车专用车道Curb ditch 路缘浅沟Curb inlet 路缘进水口；绿石进水口Curb Lane 缘侧车道；路缘车道Curb Line 路边线Curb Loading Zone 沿路载货区；路旁装卸地带Curb Marking 缘石标线Curb parking 路边停车（场）Curb ramp 缘石坡道Cure 养治Curing 湿治；养护Curing age 养护材龄Curing compound 养护剂Curing Room 养护室；保养室Current Traffic 当时交通量；现有交通量Curvature 曲度；曲率Curve 曲线；曲线板；弯道Curve Path 曲线路线Curve, Bend 弯道Curved Bridge 曲线桥Cushion material 缓冲材料Cushioning effect 缓冲效应Cut 挖方Cut and cover method 明挖覆盖法（隧道）Cut and Fill 挖填（动词）；挖方和填方（名词）Cut-Back Asphalt 油溶沥青Cycle 周期Cycle Expansion/Contraction 周期增长缩短法Cycle slips 周波脱落Cycle Time 周期时间Cyclic scheduling 循环排班-- DDaily Rainfall 日雨量Daily time pattern 每日时态Daily Traffic 日交通量Daily variation diagram 日变化图Datum 基面Datum mark 基准点Datum Level 基准面Datum Line 基准线；基准面Datum Place 基准面Day Light Signal 日光式号志；灯光式号志Day Work System 日工制；点工制Daylight illumination 日光照明Dense-Graded Asphalt Concrete DGAC 密级配沥青混凝土Debris 漂流物；碎片Debris flow 土石流Debris hazard 土石灾害Deceleration 减速度Deceleration force 减速力Deceleration lane 减速车道Decentralize, Multilevel Control System 分布式多层控制系统Decision sight distance 反应视距Deck 版Deck Floor 桥面Deck Truss 面层式Deep excavation 深开挖Deep well method 深井法Default 违约（动词）Default value 设值Defective brake 煞车失灵Deflection 变位；挠度Deflection angle 倾斜角Deflection inclinometer 倾斜仪Deformation 变形Deformed Bar 竹节钢筋Deformed Plate 弯曲钣Deformed Plate Joint 曲板接缝Defrosting 解冻Degree of brightness 辉度水准；照度水准Degree of Compaction 压实度Degree of Congestion 拥塞度Degree of curvature 曲度Degree of loading 负荷度Degree of Saturation 饱和度Delay 延迟；迟延Delay duration 延滞持续时间Delay in queue 等候延滞Delay in system 系统延滞Delay model 延滞模式Delay rate, rate of delay 延滞率Delay study 延滞研究Delay timer 延滞定（对）时器Delineators 反光导标Delivery area 卸货区Delivery system 配送系统Delivery time 递送时间；送货时间Demand Curve 需求曲线Demand Response, Dial-a-Ride 拨召车辆Demand volume 需求流量Demand-Capacity Control 需求容量控制Demand-supply of parking spaces 停车空间的供需问题Demographic Data 人口资料Dense Grade Asphalt Concrete DGAC 密级配沥青混凝土Dense-Graded Aggregate 密级配粒料Density 密度Density of Traffic 交通密度；车流密度Density of volume 流量密度Department of Transportation DOT 运输部Departure Headway 纾解间距Departure rate 离开率Dependent signal control 相依号志控制Depot 检修处Depth Factor 深度因子Design Capacity 设计容量Design Controls and Criteria 设计控制与标准Design curve 设计曲线Design Designation 设计要件Design frequency 设计频率Design Hourly Volume DHV 设计小时交通量Design Lane 设计车道Design Level of Service 设计服务水准Design of Concrete Mix 混凝土配合设计Design Period 设计年限Design Period Adjustment 设计年限之校正系数Design rule 设计法则Design Speed 设计速率Design Structure Number 铺面设计结构数值Design Subgrade Strength 设计路基强度值Design Thickness 设计厚度Design Traffic Number 设计交通当量Design vehicle 设计（用）车辆；设计车型Design Wheel Load 设计轮重Design year 设计年Desire Line 旅次需求希望线；愿望线；期望路线Desire line chart 愿望线图Desire speed 愿望速率Desired Design Period 拟定之设计年限Destination 目的地Destination zone 讫点区Detector 侦测器Deterring semibarrier 制止作用的半高式栅栏Deterioration 变质；恶化Deterministic Delay 固定延滞Deterministic Model 定值模式Detour 便道Deviation 偏位Device 设备D-factor D－因素；方向因素Diagonal crosswalk lines 班马纹行人穿越道Diagonal Parking 斜式停车道Diagrammatic map 示意图Dial 标度盘；刻度盘Dial a ride 拨召服务Dial Gauge 测微表Dial-a-Ride, Demand Response 拨召车辆Diamond bit 钻石钻头Diamond Interchange 茭形交流道；钻石型交流道Diamond Lane 划钻石标记的车道（给高乘载车辆使用）Diamond or parallel ramp 钻石型或平行匝道Diaphragm wall 地下连续壁Diatom 道线Diesel Fuel 柴油Diffuse 扩散Digital image processing 数字影像处理Digital Map 数字地图Digital terrain model 数值地形模型Digital topographic map 数值地形图Dilemma zone 疑虑判断区；犹豫区间；两难Dining area 餐饮区Dip 倾斜Dip slope 顺向坡Direct bus 直达公车Direct connection 直接连结式Direct Illumination 直接照明Direct path 直接行径Direction Factor 方向系数Direction Line 指向线Directional Angles 方向角Directional Distribution 方向分布Directional Interchange 直接式交流道Directional island 导向槽化岛；导向岛Directional Sign 方向标志Directional With Loops 附有圈道之直接交叉型Disabled parking lots 残障停车位Disabled toilet 残障厕所Disabling Injury 残障性伤害Discharge 流量Discharge Area 流量面积Discharge Measurement 流量测量Discharge Rate 流出率Discomfort glare 不适眩光Dispatching 派车问题Dispatching efficiency 调度效率Dispatching of duty 勤务派遣Dispersed network equilibrium 分散路网均衡Dispersion 离差；离散Displacement 位移；变位Displacement Dial Indicator 位移测微表Display Panel 显示面版Disposal area 弃土区Distance 距离Distance based fare 里程费率Distance change 距离变化Distance error 距离误差Distance Post 里程标Distance test 距离测试Distance-Measuring Equipment DME 测距仪Distress severity 破坏严重程度Distress survey 损坏调查Distributed Control System 分布式控制系统Distribution 配销Distribution center 配运中心Distribution center, Goods distribution center 物流中心Distribution channel 流通通路District 小区District Engineer 工程处处长Disutility 负效用Ditch 边沟Ditching Machine 挖沟机Diverging 分流Diverging area 分流区；分流区域Diverging conflicts 分流冲突点Diverging point 分流点Diversion flow 分道车流Divided Highway 分隔式公路Divided Road 分隔式道路Dividing Strip 分隔带Divisional island 分向岛；分向槽化岛Divorce 分开Do not cross 禁止跨越Do not enter 车道禁止进入；不准进入；请勿进入Do not enter sign 禁行方向标志Document Type Definition 文件型态定义Domain Expert 领域专家Domestic 本土的；区域的Door to door service 及门服务；及户服务Dot marker 圆点标物Double decked bus 双层巴士Double Opening 双开孔Double parking 并排停车Double Y type 双Y式Double-deck ramp 双层匝道Double-decked Bus 双层公车Dowel Bar 缀缝筋；接缝钢筋（横向）Down Grade 下坡Down Slope 卸坡Downgrade Ramp 下坡匝道Downhill Grade 下坡Downstream 下游Downstream section 下游段；下流段Downtown street 闹市街道Dozer 推土机Dr. Sun Yat-Shen Highway, Sun Yat-Sen National Freeway 高速公路Drafting 绘制；绘图Drafting Room 制图室Draftsman 绘图员Dragline 扒土机Drain Ditch 排水沟Drain Pipe 排水管Drainage 排水Drainage pavement 排水性铺面Drainage Basin 流域Drainage Channel 排水渠Drainage Coefficient 排水系数Drainage Ditch 排水沟Drainage Facilities 排水设施Drainage Pavement 排水铺面Drainage Pipe 排水管Drainage System 雨水沟系Drawbar Pull 拉杆牵引力Drawing Interchange File 图形交换文件Drawings 图说Dredging 浚渫Driven pile 打击桩Driver 驾驶人Driver behavior model 驾驶者行为模式Driver behavior, Driving behavior 驾驶行为Driver characteristic 驾驶员特性Driver Expectancy 驾驶人期望Driver Information System 驾驶信息系统Driver Perception Reaction Distance 驾驶人反应距离Driver Reaction Time 驾驶人反应时间Driver training circuit 驾驶训练班Driver\'s License 汽车驾驶执照；汽车驾照Driver\'s vision 驾驶人视觉Driveway 私用进出车道Driving Behavior 驾驶行为Driving Cycle 行车型态Driving environment 驾驶环境Driving pattern 行车型态Driving power 行进动力Driving rod 传动轴Driving school 驾训班Driving school training vehicles 教练车Driving Simulator 驾驶仿真器Driving Skill 驾驶技能Driving test 路试；桩试Driving under the influence of alcohol 酒后驾驶Dropping Weights 落锤式夯压机Drum Mix Plant 鼓式拌合厂Drunk driving enforcement acts 酒醉驾驶取缔法Dual Left Turn 双向左转Dual mode bus 双用途公车Ductility 延展性Dumper 倾卸车Durability Test 施工测量Duration 持续期间；延时Duration curve 延时曲线Duration of lane change operation 变换车道作业的延时Dynamic characteristics 动态特性Dynamic Information Subsystem 动态信息次系统Dynamic route choice 动态路径选择Dynamic route guidance 动态路径导引Dynamic route switching 动态路径变换Dynamic Segmentation 动态分段Dynamic signal control 动态号志控制Dynamic system-optimum control model 动态系统最佳控制模式Dynamic timing computation 动态时制计算Dynamic traffic characteristic 动态交通特性Dynamic traffic signal control 动态交通号志控制系统-- EEarly age strength of concrete 混凝土早期强度Early cut-off period 早闭（关）时段Earth Embankment 土堤Earth Excavation 挖土Earth Fill 填土Earth slide 地滑Earth structure 土工结构物Earth Wedge 土楔Earth Work 路基土石方Earthflow 泥流；土流Earthquake 地震Earthwork 土石方工程；土方Easement or Transition Curve 渐曲线East-West Expressway 东西向快速公路Ecological Engineering Methods 生态工法Economic benefits analysis 经济效益分析Economical Haul 经济运距Economy on Quantity of Haul 经济运量Effect of depth 深度效应Effective contrast ratio 有效对照比Effective Diameter of Voids 有效孔隙粒径Effective Green Time 有效绿灯时间Effective Normal Stress 效正应力Effective red (green) time 有效红（绿）灯时间Effective Specific Gravity 有效比重Effective unit weight 有效单位重Effective width 有效路幅宽度Effectiveness 有效度Effluent 放流口；出流水Eighty-fifth Percentile Speed 85百分位速率Elastic Deformation 弹性变形Elastic equilibrium 弹性平衡Electric Lighting 照明Electric motorcycle 电动机车Electric public bus 电动公共汽车Electric room 电气室Electrical contact 电动侦测器Electrically operated meter 电动运转表Electrodynamics Suspension EDS 电动悬浮Electromagnetic Suspension EMS 电磁悬浮Electromechanical 机电式Electronic decade meter 电子十进（分）位表Electronic distance measurement instrument 电子测距仪Electronic gate 电子门；电动门Electronic theodolites 电子经纬仪Electronic Toll Collection 电子收费Element 单元；元素；要素Elemental maneuver area 基本运行区域Elemental weaving section 基本的交织段长度Elevated Highway 高架公路Elevated observer method 居高观测（察）法Elevated rail bridge 高架桥Elevation 标高；高程Elevation above mean sea-level 平均海水面Elevator 电梯Elimi nation of off-set leg 错开车道的消除Elongated area 延伸区域E-map of highway 公路电子地图Embankment 路堤Embedded Depth 浸没深度Emer gency 急难；紧急事故Emer gency delivery 紧急输送Eme rgency Escape Ramps 紧急出口匝道Emer gency evacuation 紧急疏散Emer gency Management Services EMS 紧急事故处理服务Emer gency Notification 紧急事故通告Emer gency response 紧急应变Emer gency road 紧急道路Emer gency service delivery 紧急运送服务Emer gency telephone 紧急电话机Emer gency Vehicle Management 紧急救援车辆管理Eminent Dom ain 地征收权Emotion or judgment 激发情绪或判断Employee 员工Employee buy-out 员工买断Employer 雇主Emulsified Asphalt 乳化沥肯Emulsified Asphalt slurry 乳化沥青砂浆Enabling act 权能附与方案Enabling law 权能附与法 -令Encr oachm ent line 侵线End of Curve E.G. 曲线终点End-Area Method 平均底面积法Energy dis sipater 消能器Enfor cem ent 执法；执行Engine resist ance 引擎阻力Engineering 工程Engineering Economic Analysis 工程经济分析En-Route Driver Information 旅行中驾驶信息En-Route Transit Information 行程众运输信息Entity 实体Ent rance 入口Ent rance (entry), ingress 进口路段Ent rance curve 进口曲线段Ent rance Loss 入口损头Entr ance ramp 入口匝道Entr anc e-exit 出入口Entry der egulation 放宽进入管制Envelope of fa ilure 破坏包络线Environment factor 环境因素Environment Traffic Light 环境交通标志Environmental impact assessment 环境影响评估Environmental quality 环境品质Environmental quality standards 环境品质标准Environmental sensitive area 环境敏感地带（环境敏感区位）Environmental sound volume criteria 环境音量标准Epoxy Resin 环氧树脂Epoxy Adhesive 环氧胶Equilibrium network flow 均衡路网流量Equipment Package 设备组合Equival ent detectablity 等量察觉性Equival ent Factor 当量因子Equival ent-injury-only EIO 受伤当量Equivale nt Single Axle Load ESAL 单轴载重当量数Equivalent Wheel Load EWL 轮荷重当量Erosion control 侵蚀控制Err or of Closure 闭合差Escalator 电扶梯Ethanol 酒精Euler Spiral 尢拉螺旋线Eutrophication 优养化Event Data Recorder EDR 事故资料纪录器Excavation 开挖；挖方；挖掘法Excavation Work 挖土工程Except buses 公车除外Excess capacity 超额容量Excess Fuel Consumption 超额燃油消耗Exclusive bike lane/Bikes only 脚踏车专用道Exclusive bus lane 公车专用道Exclusive Highway 专用公路Exclusive lane 专用车道Exclusive Motorcycle Lane 机车专用道Exclusive Right-of-Way 专用路权Exclusive Road 专用道路Exclusive telephone 专用机Exhi b it area 展示区Exit 出口Exit curve 出口曲线段Exit Lane 出口车道Exit Only Ticket 出站车票Exit Ramp Closure 出口匝道关闭Exit Ramp Control 出口匝道控制Exit Ramp Metering 出口匝道仪控Exit Taxiway 出口滑行道Exit-ramp 出口匝道Expanded Average Daily Trucks 膨胀之平均每日货车交通量Expansion 扩展Expansion Cap 伸缩帽Expansion Factor 膨胀因素;扩展系数-- GGlance value 瞥见距离之远近Glare 眩Glare control 眩光控制Glare recovery 眩光消除Glare recovery time 眩光消除时间Glare screen 防眩设施Glare shield 眩光遮蔽物Glare vision 眩光视觉Glass Funnel 玻璃漏斗Global Positioning System GPS 全球定位系统Global System for Mobile Communication GSM 泛欧式数字行动系统Goal 目标Goal Driven 目标驱动法Goods delivery problem 货物配送问题Gordon Ray 雷伊Government-owned Public Parking Facility 公有公共停车场Gradation Curve 级配曲线Grade 坡度；纵向坡度Grade Crossings 平面交叉Grade I Road 一级路面Grade Line 坡度线Grade resistance 坡度阻力Grade Separation 立体交叉Grade separation bridge 立体交叉桥（结构物）Grade Separation Structure 立体叉结构Graduated Rate 累计费率Grain size analysis 粒径分析Grants 政府奖助Granular Materials 粒状材料Graphical analysis 图解分析法Gravel 砾石Gravel Equivalent Factor 卵石当景因素Gravel Road 砾石路Gravity Model 重力模式Gravity Yard 重力调车场Green Arrow 箭头绿灯Green/cycle ratio G/C 绿灯时间与号志周期之比值Green Extension 绿灯延长时间Green Flashing 闪光绿灯Green wave signal design 绿波式号志设计Greenhouse effect 温室效应Groove Joint 槽形接缝Gross National Product GNP 全国总生产毛额Gross Vehicle Weight GVW 总重Ground 地；地面Ground control point 地面控制点Ground improvement 地盘改良Ground treatment 地基处理Groundwater level 地下水位Group 群组Grouting 灌浆Growth Factor 成长因素Guardrail 护栏Guidance 导引Guidance information 导引信息Guide 导引Guide line 导引线Guide Sign 指示标志Gully control 蚀沟控制Gussasphalt 高温沥青胶浆Gutters 水沟-- HHalf-Integer Synchronization 半整数同步相位Hand in for Cancellation 缴销Hangar Marker 维护棚厂标记Hazard marker 危险标物Hazardous materials 危险物品Head (of water) 水头Head light 前灯；车前大灯Head On Collision 车头对撞Head Section 头区Head Sight Distance 车灯视矩Head Wall 端墙Header Board 横梁板Heading, Pilot tunnel 隧道导坑Headlight Sight Distance 车灯视距Head-on collision 对撞；正撞Headwater Depth 上水深Headway 时间车距；班距；行进间距（车距）Headway distribution 班距分布Headway Elasticity 班距弹性Headway, Period 班距Hearing 听力Heaving 隆起Heavy Commercial Vehicle Safety Management 重车安全管理Heavy Motorcycle 重型机踏车Heavy duty truck 重型卡车Heavy weight transportation management 大载重运输管理Heel of Switch 转辙轨跟端Heel Spread 跟端展距Height limit 高度限制Heuristic Approach 推理方法Hidden-Dip 躲坑High beam 远光灯High capacity buses 高容量巴士High Data Rate Digital Subscriber Line HDSL 高速数字用户回路High decked bus 高层巴士。
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道路工程材料研究生：丁楠学号：SQ10018231001 指导老师：高培伟南京航空航天大学航空宇航学院土木系2010年12月路面结构、噪声及摩擦的基本原理丁楠南京航空航天大学土木工程系摘要：本文是对与混凝土路面结构、噪声及摩擦相关的基础知识和测量方法的概述。
这些信息集合于改善混凝土路面表面特性战略方案和美国及欧洲混凝土路面降噪方法评估的发展过程中，是对现有文献及当前方法中的基本原则的体现。
因此，在理解这些重要表面特性时，无须把重点放在新型测量技术和近期发展的内容上。
关键词：路表结构、交通噪音、路面摩擦1. 结构基本原理路表结构的特性十分复杂，因为路表结构要么是各向同性要么是各向异性也可能方向是任意性的。
但是应注意有时候不是随机的，因为组成路面结构的物质在某种程度上会发生一些微小的变化。
路表结构可以被分为四种：（1）粗糙结构；（2）起伏结构；（3）宏观构造；（4）微观构造。
如图A.1示：A.1 路表微观和宏观结构路面结构的纹理波长被定义为连续的相邻两个突起之间的距离，在路面结构中同时会出现很多种纹理波长，这意味着纹理波长与路面结构组成有着密切的关系，在国际标准中ISO13473规定了如何测定结构纹理波长。
A.2路表结构特征与纹理波长之间的关系在四种路面结构中波长受到平滑度、摩擦阻力、环境噪音的相互影响。
例如，降低路面的粗糙度可以增加骑车的舒适度，但是增加粗糙度又可以提高汽车行驶的安全性能。
而路面的起伏结构可以增加噪音，宏观构造又可以帮助减少噪音，除此之外宏观构造还可以帮助排水提高安全性能。
更好的是路面的微观构造，它可以提供一种粘附力从而加大摩擦阻力。
但是，过大的粘附力又会增加噪音。
粗糙的路面结构（有时也叫凹凸性）是指纹理波长为500mm或更大的路面，起伏路面结构是指纹理波长为50-500mm的路面，这种波长范围的纹理结构通常导致在路面上施工困难，表面涂层容易脱落等。
宏观构造是种很重要的构造类型，纹理波长为0.5-50mm之间，在路表面通过压挤造成的裂缝或凹槽都可形成宏观构造。
在混凝土路面中大部分都是这种分布的粒状物，因此一旦这种粒状物暴露出来就形成了宏观构造。
路面的宏观构造很重要不仅因为它能产生噪音，它还是路表面特性如摩擦性、防滑性等的影响因素。
路面宏观构造的平均深度目前可以通过激光测量。
路面不规则的微观构造是肉眼看不见的，包括微观的细沙颗粒和粒状物本身的颗粒。
这种构造的纹理波长小于0.5mm.这种纹理构造在高速行驶时不会产生很大噪音，但是会影响其他路面特性如摩擦性。
2. 路面产生噪音的基本原理2.1 噪声噪音是人们不想听到的声音，就本身而言它是一种听觉上的东西，当一种声音达到不想听的程度就形成了对身体不利的噪音。
这些复杂关系也是可以交换的。
而某些行业有可能会继续用“声音”这个词来代替“噪音”，意识到这两个词只是在学术上有些不同是很重要的。
声音是由空气波动形成的。
声音是用分贝来衡量的，声学上的压力波相对于参考压力波是种对数关系。
加权声压级是用dBA表示，但是它不会涵盖所有声音，它是一种经过数学换算后得到的测量模型，从而来测量人类耳朵对不同频率的声音的敏感度。
应该注意其他因素像声音的清晰度、音调、音色都会影响声音，这些用dBA都不能表示出来。
除此之外还应注意增加10dBA就会使噪音增加一倍。
2.2 交通噪音的来源在路边观察到的两种主要的噪音来源是：传动系统的噪音和轮胎与路面摩擦的噪音。
传动系统的声音主要来自发动机和尾气排放。
轮胎的声音主要来自轮胎与路面的摩擦，而且也包括汽车的震动和气动声。
在高速行驶时要考虑轮胎与路面摩擦产生的噪音，但是在低速行驶时由发动机和尾气排放产生的噪音可以忽略。
在中等速度行驶时噪音来源依赖于汽车类型、路面结构、交通情况以及其他因素。
在行业上将轮胎与路面摩擦产生的噪音作为主要的噪音来源这个观点还没达成一致，但是一致认为高速行驶时轮胎与路面摩擦产生的声音是噪音的主要来源。
对于干燥的路面，桑德伯格把轮胎与路面摩擦产生的噪音归类于三种：（1）轮胎径向振动;（2）轮胎切向振动;（3）排气泵。
当胎面冲击路面时就发生径向振动，导致路面振动。
这种振动在粗糙的路面上会更严重。
切向振动是由车轮发生滑移时产生的。
在胎面与路面之间的空气从压缩到膨胀，这过程中产生冲击波从而以声音的方式传播出去。
上述提及的三种噪音来源都是由不同纹理波长的表面构造引起的(Nilsson 1980)。
同样引起了不同频率的噪音。
这些噪音与汽车行驶的速度密切相关，宏观构造和微观构造会引起胎面的振动。
路面的宏观构造会降噪，因为它阻止空气进入被压缩而减缓排气泵产生的噪音。
路面的起伏结构会在胎面补丁处引起振动。
路表结构特性与噪音的关系妨碍了对路表结构纹理的详细研究。
但是目前报道过路表纹理的功率谱和声音的功率谱之间的关系，有些情况下不可能在牺牲安全性的条件下达到降噪效果。
在交通噪音上路面本身设计比轮胎胎面设计更为重要。
对于轮胎振动，因为在胎面设计上缺少多样性，也不会设计成很硬否则就会导致噪音的产生。
另一方面，胎面设计严重影响气泵，一种好的胎面设计就是在胎面与路面接触时让空气逃离。
研究表明这种设计是合理的，不同胎面在不同路面上不会产生同样等级的噪音。
相对于路面来说，噪音既依赖于听觉又依赖于路表结构。
对于路面来说，声音被吸收是有利的因为减少了在胎面与路面之间产生的噪音。
路表结构纹理的尺寸与形状也控制了胎面与路面之间噪音的产生。
大部分噪音产生与行驶速度有关，尤其是高速行驶。
结果在高速公路上低速行驶时通常会减少噪音。
吸声系数是指被一种介质所吸收的声音的能量占总数的百分数，定义为α，大小在0到1之间。
吸收系数接近0会出现在很硬的表面，声音全部会被反射回去。
相反吸收系数接近1会出现在很软的表面，大部分声音会被吸收。
吸收系数很难测得，它是很多因素的函数，包括声音的频率和声音冲到物体表面的角度。
声音的吸收率与孔隙率和渗透率紧密相联，理论原理和经验知识都已推断出这些现象。
举个简单例子，其他条件一样的情况下，越能透过空气的介质就越能吸收声音。
高吸声率的材料在路面材料行业中是个重要的发展对象。
有着高吸声率的材料不仅减少胎面与路面接触地方的噪音，还减少由汽车其他地方产生的噪音。
2.3 噪音的测量噪音的测量可通过声压强的均方根求得，但是这种测量很少用来说明噪音的等级。
相反噪音的等级是用声压等级分贝来说明的,通过求得声压值相对于一个参考值的均方根，再求得结果的对数值即可。
使用分贝是很方便的，因为0分贝是人类能接受的最低限度，而不像其他的声压测量可以跨过好几个数量级。
注意分贝的使用不是加法，声音能量的加倍使分贝增加到3dB，安静的图书馆或许是35dB，而135dB则是噪音的开始，即使这反映了人们对声音的不同生理反应，但是不同的人对声音也有不同的反应。
很原始的声压测量没有反映出特有的人群对声音的反应。
人类耳朵能识别出频率为20Hz-20000Hz的声音，尤其对1000Hz-5000Hz的声音很敏感。
为了解释这点，在总结分贝数之前已将标准的频率加权数应用于声压的测量。
为了降低声音的等级，一个标准的加权数叫做A加权数，在最后计算声压级时使用，结果用dBA表示，这也是交通噪音中通常使用的表示方法。
用dBA表示法中也有很多种不同标记，所有测得的值要加L以区分直接用声压级测量所得。
Leq：指将某点在一段时间内测得的不同A声级变化,用能量平均的方法以A声级表示该段时间内的噪声大小L10:是声级的统计数字，是指一段时间内超出这个声级10%的极限值。
L10是交通高峰期出现的一个声级，很重要但很少出现，其他百分数也经常使用。
Lmax:指超出给定的测量区间在非常短时间内所达到的最大的声级数。
在居民区，美国噪音调整中规定接近67dBA的接收端被认为是在噪声控制内的装置。
一般的，交通噪音是对路边通过的车辆随机测量的。
这种方法提供了一种直接的声级评判方法，这种旁通方法也采集到了胎面与路面界面处产生的噪音。
但是这种方法吸收到了来自所有来源处的噪音，包括传动系统的声音。
因此这种旁通法虽提供了交通噪音对居民区影响的直接数据，但是它要求更仔细的去控制引起交通噪音的因素，如扩音装置，环境温度，环境噪声。
最近几年普遍使用的噪音测量方法有基于声音来源的测量方法，包括CPX法和OBSI法。
在这些测量法中，麦克被安装在车上，这使得在胎面与路面的接触处的噪音与其他噪音来源隔离开来。
出于这个原因，这更能说明车型和路表结构在产生噪音方面的比较之处。
即使这隔离了轮胎和路面同其他噪音来源产生的噪音，但是它忽略了噪音传播的影响。
因此，这些方法也没能完全说明哪些路面类型是理想的路面类型。
因为旁通法和接地法不是测量噪音源的同一个设置点，所以他们之间没有很明确的关系，但最近研究表明这些方法已规定出道路的噪音等级。
而其他的测量方法都有一些固有的缺点。
在过去的三十年里，有关交通噪音的研究已表明噪音测量过程中很多因素都对其有影响。
如果比较不同研究所得的结果，那么要严格控制好每一个影响因素。
例如Meier在相同的路面上以相同的车速行驶，不同的胎面产生的噪音有6dBA的差异。
或许更重要的是最平静的路面也不适于所有的车型。
车速、车型、路表温度、空气温度严重影响产生的交通噪音。
除此之外，测量方法也很重要，美国联邦公路局正在制定更好的测量方法。
3. 轮胎与路面摩擦的基本原理轮胎在路面上的减速性能与汽车滑移有直接的关系。
在刹车期间，汽车滑移速度稍慢于前进时的行驶速度。
滑移率Slip=100*(V-R*w)/V；其中V是轮胎的前进速度，R为车轮滚动半径，w是轮胎角速度。
当V=R*w时，滑移率为0；当刹车时，轮胎的角速度减慢的速率快于车的前进速率，此时滑移率为正值；当w为0时，滑移率为100。
在胎面与路面接触处车受的纵向力依赖于车的滑移，图2.3表明了在干湿路面上汽车滑移时的x、z向力之比。
垂直轴上的摩擦系数值值通常当作是动态的。
A.3 纵向力与滑移率图A.3提供一个例子用来说明车行驶靠与路面摩擦的一个重要方面。
首先，干湿路面上摩擦值出现峰值都在滑移率20%左右。
对于大部分路面与胎面的接触处来说，这个峰值都出现在5%-30%之间。
其次，在滑移率为100%时，摩擦系数减小，那就是滑移摩擦值，并且这个摩擦系数的减小是正常的。
这也是防锁刹车系统的宗旨。
最后，无论滑移率是多大在湿路面上的摩擦系数值总小于干路面上的值。
出于这个原因，湿路面上的摩擦被认为是路面安全最重要的因素。
实际上干路面上的摩擦很少考虑，并制定出在滑移率为100%时湿路面上有摩擦时的摩擦阻力。
注意在图A.3中是车没有转弯时的摩擦系数。
当轮胎给车提供一个侧向力时，则它能提供的最大纵向力会减小。
当轮胎以最大侧向力行驶时几乎不能提供纵向力。